Floating array breakwaters and their mooring methods

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, specifically to a floating array breakwater and its mooring method. It includes multiple wave-dissipating modules, anchoring modules, and mooring modules. The wave-dissipating modules are columnar structures floating on the sea surface, arranged in a longitudinal column and transverse row array pattern. The anchoring modules are anchoring structures fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-dissipating modules. The upper end of the mooring module is anchored to the wave-dissipating module, and the lower end is tensioned and adjustable to the anchoring module. The wave-dissipating modules are anchored to the anchoring modules by multiple sets of mooring modules arranged at equal intervals along the circumference. Each mooring module includes upper and lower layers of mooring cables. The floating array breakwater of this application has a simple structure, significantly reducing the number of anchoring and mooring structures, reducing the difficulty of mooring construction, improving the efficiency of mooring construction, effectively maintaining the wave-dissipating modules in a good working mode, and greatly improving economic efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, specifically to a floating array breakwater and its mooring method. Background Technology

[0002] Floating breakwaters, as a new type of marine protection structure, have been widely used in port protection, marine aquaculture, and other fields due to their advantages such as strong adaptability, rapid construction, and high mobility. Traditional fixed breakwaters are costly to build in deep water areas, difficult to construct, and not easily adaptable to environmental changes. In contrast, floating breakwaters absorb wave energy through a floating structure, effectively reducing wave erosion of the coastline, while their modular design facilitates rapid deployment and maintenance.

[0003] The mooring system design is one of the core technologies of a floating breakwater. The mooring system needs to withstand environmental loads such as waves and wind to ensure the stability and safety of the breakwater. Existing mooring systems mostly use anchor chains for fixation, but this design may pose a risk of anchor dragging or anchor chain breakage under extreme sea conditions, leading to damage or failure of the breakwater.

[0004] For floating breakwater arrays, which are typically composed of multiple floating units, a large number of mooring lines and anchor blocks are required to secure these units and withstand the effects of severe sea conditions. The increased number of mooring lines directly leads to a greater workload during relocation and maintenance. This involves not only physical handling but also the connection and adjustment of the mooring lines. Furthermore, the mooring system requires more time and manpower for maintenance or component replacement. In practice, this can lead to delays in project schedules and increase the overall project cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and provide a floating array breakwater and its mooring method.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is: a floating array breakwater, comprising,

[0007] Multiple wave-damping modules, which are columnar structures floating on the sea surface, are arranged in an array pattern of vertical columns and horizontal rows.

[0008] Anchoring module, which is an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-dissipating modules;

[0009] A mooring module, the upper end of which is anchored to a wave-damping module, and the lower end of which is tension-adjustable and connected to an anchoring module;

[0010] The wave-damping module is anchored to the anchoring module by multiple sets of mooring modules arranged at equal intervals along the circumference; the mooring module includes upper and lower mooring cables.

[0011] According to the present application, a floating array breakwater is provided, wherein the wave-damping module is a floating hollow columnar structure with inflow holes on the back wave side.

[0012] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the inflow hole penetrates the wave-dissipating module from bottom to top, making the back side of the wave-dissipating module an open structure.

[0013] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the wave-damping module is a hollow columnar structure with an arc-shaped inner wall.

[0014] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the wave-damping module is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both the top and bottom.

[0015] According to the present application, a floating array breakwater is provided, wherein the anchoring module includes anchor blocks fixed to the seabed, and multiple anchor blocks are arranged in an array pattern of horizontal rows and vertical columns, with each group of wave-dissipating modules located between four groups of anchor blocks that are adjacent in both the longitudinal and horizontal directions.

[0016] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the angle between the projection of the mooring module in the horizontal direction and the transverse and longitudinal directions is 45°.

[0017] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the upper ends of the upper mooring cable and the upper ends of the lower mooring cable overlap vertically, the upper end of the upper mooring cable is above the upper end of the lower mooring cable, and the two are respectively placed near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-dissipating module; the lower ends of the upper mooring cable and the lower mooring cable are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

[0018] According to the floating array breakwater provided in this application, the mooring cable includes a first section connected to a wave-dissipating module and a second section connected to an anchoring module; the upper end of the first section is anchored to the wave-dissipating module, and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retraction and deployment structure; the lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension through a tension adjustment structure, and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure that can be connected to the mooring cable retraction and deployment structure.

[0019] According to the present application, a floating array breakwater is provided with a buoy on the mooring and retrieval structure for suspending the mooring and retrieval structure to a set height.

[0020] This application also provides a method for mooring a floating array breakwater, the method being used to perform mooring operations on any of the above-mentioned floating array breakwaters, including,

[0021] Position the anchoring module and fix it to the seabed;

[0022] The wave-dissipating module was moved to the sea area near the anchoring module, the mooring module connected to the wave-dissipating module was loosened, and the lower end of the mooring module was connected to the anchoring module using an underwater robot.

[0023] Tension the mooring module, adjust its length, angle and position on the anchor block to meet the design requirements, and then lock the mooring module.

[0024] Proceed sequentially until all mooring modules corresponding to the wave-damping module are installed and tensioned to the design requirements.

[0025] This process is repeated until all wave-damping modules have completed their mooring operations.

[0026] According to the floating array breakwater mooring method provided in this application, the method of connecting the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module using an underwater robot includes: splitting the upper and lower mooring layers of the mooring module into two sections; connecting the upper end of the first section to the wave-dissipating module; installing a mooring cable retraction structure at the lower end of the first section; suspending and marking the mooring cable retraction structure with a buoy; connecting the lower end of the second section to a tension adjustment structure on the anchoring module; the underwater robot descends based on the buoy and connects the quick-connect structure at the upper end of the second section to the mooring cable retraction structure; the mooring cable retraction structure tightens the first and second sections.

[0027] According to the floating array breakwater mooring method provided in this application, the method for tensioning the mooring module to the design requirements includes: adjusting the tension of the mooring cable using a tension adjustment structure on the mooring cable, so that the tension of the mooring cables in the upper and lower layers of the same mooring module meets the following requirements:

[0028]

[0029] Where: F1—tension of the lower mooring cable;

[0030] F2 – Tension of the upper mooring cable;

[0031] ΔF — The force that the wave-damping module needs to balance;

[0032] n — the number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-damping module;

[0033] α — the angle between the lower mooring line and the horizontal plane;

[0034] β—The angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane.

[0035] The advantages of this application are: 1. The floating array breakwater of this application arranges multiple columnar wave-dissipating modules in an array pattern, with anchoring modules located between adjacent wave-dissipating modules. Multiple wave-dissipating modules share the middle anchoring module, which greatly reduces the number of mooring modules, making the entire mooring structure more concentrated, significantly reducing mooring difficulty, and greatly improving mooring efficiency. The steps of connecting, disassembling, and deploying mooring cables are simple and can be completed by underwater robots, effectively reducing the amount of construction work and improving economic efficiency.

[0036] 2. The wave-damping module of this application has a simple structure. It has an inflow hole on the back side of the wave-damping module, which allows waves to enter the wave-damping module from the back side of the wave-damping module after passing through the wave-damping module and undergo Helmholtz resonance. At the same time, waves reflected by other wave-damping modules will also enter the wave-damping module from the back side and undergo Helmholtz resonance, thus achieving a good wave-damping effect.

[0037] 3. The anchor blocks of this application surround the wave-dissipating module, with four anchor blocks corresponding to a group of wave-dissipating modules. This provides tension to the wave-dissipating module in four directions, effectively maintaining the stability of the wave-dissipating module. At the same time, one anchor block can be used to anchor four wave-dissipating modules, greatly reducing the number of anchor blocks and the number of mooring modules, thus significantly improving the efficiency of mooring operations.

[0038] 4. The wave-damping module of this application corresponds to four sets of mooring modules. The four sets of mooring modules are symmetrically arranged around the wave-damping module with the wave-damping module as the center. The angle between the mooring module and the horizontal and vertical directions is 45°. This arrangement can make the maximum use of the space between the wave-damping modules, making the wave-damping module more stable and mooring more convenient.

[0039] 5. The mooring module of this application includes upper and lower mooring cables. The upper ends of the upper and lower mooring cables are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the wave-dissipating module, respectively. This can effectively tension and fix the columnar wave-dissipating module, so that the columnar wave-dissipating module can be stably suspended and floated on the sea surface, achieving a good wave-dissipating effect.

[0040] 6. This application splits the mooring line into two sections and sets up a quick connection structure and a mooring line retraction structure. This structure greatly facilitates the connection of the mooring line to the underwater robot, making the mooring operation simpler and easier to operate.

[0041] 7. This application sets up a buoy on the mooring and retrieval structure. The buoy can accurately mark the exact position of the mooring and retrieval structure below, which makes it convenient for the underwater robot to obtain the position of the mooring and retrieval structure below based on the buoy and to perform the mooring connection operation.

[0042] 8. The mooring method of this application is efficient and simple, and can easily and quickly connect the wave-dissipating module and the anchoring module using the mooring cable module. The operation is simple, and the connection, tightening and adjustment of the mooring cable are extremely convenient, effectively reducing the amount of construction work.

[0043] 9. This application makes the construction of mooring cables very convenient. The mooring cable is split into two sections, which are connected to the wave-dissipating module and the anchoring module respectively. The underwater robot docks the mooring cable underwater, and then the mooring cable is tightened by the mooring cable retraction structure to complete the connection operation of the mooring cable. The construction efficiency is extremely high and the construction difficulty is greatly reduced.

[0044] 10. The tension adjustment of the mooring line in this application is based on the cylindrical wave-dissipating module, which ensures that the wave-dissipating module can be stably suspended on the sea surface. The tension of the two mooring lines of the mooring line module is adjusted by the tension adjustment structure. The adjustment is simple and the tension adjustment is highly accurate, which can keep the wave-dissipating module in good working mode at all times.

[0045] The floating array breakwater structure proposed in this application has a simple structure, which significantly reduces the number of anchoring and mooring structures, reduces the difficulty of mooring construction, improves the efficiency of mooring construction, effectively maintains the wave-dissipating modules in good working mode at all times, reduces the impact of geological conditions, water depth, tides and other factors, greatly improves economic efficiency, and has great promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This application includes a schematic diagram of the wave-damping module mooring process.

[0047] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the completed mooring of the wave-damping module in this application;

[0048] Figure 3 : A mooring axis view of the wave-damping module in this application;

[0049] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the wave-damping module array arrangement and anchor block arrangement in this application (top view);

[0050] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the wave-damping module array arrangement in this application;

[0051] Wherein: 1—wave damping module; 2—anchor block; 3—mooring line; 4—mooring line deployment and retraction structure; 5—tension adjustment structure; 6—quick connection structure; 7—buoy. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0053] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] This application relates to a floating array breakwater. The breakwater is constructed using multiple columnar wave-dissipating modules arranged in a horizontal row and vertical column array. The wave-dissipating modules are connected to anchoring modules, which are located between adjacent wave-dissipating modules. Multiple wave-dissipating modules share a central anchoring module, thus significantly reducing the number of anchoring modules required. This allows for a more concentrated arrangement of the wave-dissipating modules, forming a tightly packed array-type breakwater structure. This breakwater reduces the number of anchoring modules, and consequently, the number of mooring modules is also significantly reduced, simplifying mooring operations, greatly improving construction efficiency, and making subsequent dismantling extremely convenient. Furthermore, it reduces the impact of geological conditions, water depth, and tides, significantly improving economic efficiency.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a floating array breakwater includes multiple wave-dissipating modules 1, anchoring modules, and mooring modules. The wave-dissipating modules 1 are columnar structures floating on the sea surface. The multiple wave-dissipating modules 1 are arranged in an array pattern of longitudinal columns and transverse rows. The transverse direction in this application refers to... Figure 4 The left and right directions in this application, the vertical direction. Figure 4The wave-damping modules 1 are arranged in an array, with their vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal directions intersecting perpendicularly. Multiple wave-damping modules 1 are arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and in the longitudinal direction. The wave-damping module 1 in this application is a columnar floating component. The lower half of the wave-damping module 1 is below the water surface, and the upper half floats above the water surface. The water depth of the wave-damping module 1 is set and arranged according to actual needs.

[0058] Anchoring modules are anchoring structures fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-dissipating modules 1. The anchoring modules of this application are located between adjacent wave-dissipating modules 1, and adjacent wave-dissipating modules 1 can share anchoring modules. This can significantly reduce the number of anchoring modules, making the entire breakwater system more centralized and streamlined, and making the overall mooring construction simpler and more efficient.

[0059] The upper end of the mooring module is anchored to the wave-dissipating module 1, and the lower end is tension-adjustable and connected to the anchoring module. The mooring module is a rope structure that connects the wave-dissipating module 1 and the anchoring module. It is used to fix the wave-dissipating module 1 to the anchoring module, restrict the wave-dissipating module 1 to the set sea area and place it at the set water depth. The mooring module is the most complex part of the entire mooring construction process.

[0060] The wave-damping module 1 of this application is anchored to the anchoring module by multiple sets of mooring modules arranged at equal intervals along the circumference, specifically, as follows: Figures 1-4 As shown, each wave-damping module 1 of this application is fixed by four sets of mooring modules, which are placed on both the lateral and longitudinal sides of the wave-damping module 1. Each set of mooring modules includes upper and lower mooring cables 3. Using a double-layer mooring structure for the mooring construction of the wave-damping module 1 can improve the stability of the connection of the wave-damping module 1.

[0061] When the breakwater of this application is actually moored, the following factors are considered: geological conditions, water depth, tides, etc., the installation position of the anchoring module is selected, the anchoring module is positioned, and the anchoring module is fixed to the seabed.

[0062] Move wave-dissipating module 1 to the sea area near the anchoring module, loosen the mooring cable module connected to wave-dissipating module 1, and use an underwater robot to connect the lower end of the mooring cable module to the anchoring module;

[0063] Tension the mooring module, adjust the length, angle and position of the mooring module on the anchor block 2 to meet the design requirements, and then lock the mooring module.

[0064] Continue in sequence until all mooring modules corresponding to wave-damping module 1 are installed and the mooring modules are tensioned to the design requirements.

[0065] This process is repeated until all wave-damping modules 1 have completed their mooring operations.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the structure of the wave-damping module 1 described above has been optimized. Specifically, the wave-damping module 1 in this embodiment is a floating hollow columnar structure with an inlet hole on the back side of the wave. The wave-damping module 1 is a columnar hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the wave-damping module 1 serves as a wave-damping chamber. Waves pass through the wave-damping module 1 from the wave-facing side and finally diffract into the inner cavity of the wave-damping module 1 from the inlet hole on the back side, where Helmholtz resonance occurs. In the array-type wave-damping module 1, waves emitted by the wave-damping module 1 in the next row will also enter the wave-damping module 1 in the previous row. The waves entering the wave-damping module 1 will undergo Helmholtz resonance, producing a good wave-damping effect.

[0067] To further enhance the wave-damping effect, in this embodiment, the inflow hole extends from bottom to top through the wave-damping module 1, making the back-wave side of the wave-damping module 1 an open structure. That is, in this embodiment, the wave-damping module 1 is a C-shaped structure with one side completely open. More waves will flow into the wave-damping module 1 from the open side, causing Helmholtz resonance inside the wave-damping module 1, thus achieving the wave-damping effect.

[0068] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the wave-damping module 1 is a hollow columnar structure with an arc-shaped inner wall. The arc-shaped inner wall allows for better wave resonance within the wave-damping module 1, reducing collisions with the inner wall and achieving wave damping primarily through Helmholtz resonance.

[0069] In this embodiment, the wave-damping module 1 is a hollow columnar structure with openings at both the top and bottom. Therefore, waves entering the wave-damping module 1 will surge vertically up and down inside the module. Since the top and bottom of the wave-damping module 1 are open, the flow or surging of water inside the module is not restricted, further improving the wave-damping effect.

[0070] In other embodiments of this application, the above-described anchoring structure has been optimized, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the anchoring module includes anchor blocks 2 fixed to the seabed. Multiple anchor blocks 2 are arranged in an array pattern of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Each group of wave-dissipating modules 1 is located between four groups of anchor blocks 2 that are adjacent in both the longitudinal and horizontal directions.

[0071] In fact, there are three types of anchor blocks 2 in this embodiment. One type is the edge anchor block located in the middle of the breakwater edge (such as...). Figure 4 As shown in A), the second type is the outermost corner anchor block located at the outermost edge of the breakwater (such as...). Figure 4 As shown in B), the third type is an internal anchor block located inside the breakwater (such as...). Figure 4As shown in C). The edge anchor blocks are located on the outer side of the wave-dissipating module 1 array in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Each edge anchor block is located on the transverse center line of two adjacent rows of wave-dissipating modules or on the longitudinal center line of two adjacent columns of wave-dissipating modules. Each edge anchor block has a mooring module on only one side, so each edge anchor block is connected to two wave-dissipating modules through two sets of mooring modules. The outer corner anchor blocks are located at the four corners of the wave-dissipating module array, at the intersection of the extension lines of the outermost row of edge anchor blocks and the column of edge anchor blocks. The outer corner anchor blocks are connected to the wave-dissipating modules at the corners of the wave-dissipating module array through a set of mooring modules. The inner anchor blocks are located in the middle of the wave-dissipating module array. Each inner anchor block is surrounded by wave-dissipating modules 1, that is, the inner anchor block is located between four adjacent wave-dissipating modules 1 in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Furthermore, the lines connecting the four wave-dissipating modules 1 form a square, and the inner anchor block is located at the midpoint of this square.

[0072] In this embodiment, each wave-damping module 1 corresponds to four anchor blocks 2. The four anchor blocks 2 are distributed in pairs in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The line connecting the four anchor blocks 2 forms a square. The wave-damping module 1 is located at the midpoint of the square. The angle between the projection of the mooring module in the horizontal direction and the transverse and longitudinal directions is 45°.

[0073] A conventional mooring structure consists of one wave-damping module corresponding to four anchor blocks, with each anchor block being unique. In this embodiment, the mooring structure consists of one wave-damping module corresponding to four anchor blocks, but the anchor blocks share a common area. Figure 4 The diagram shows the mooring structure arrangement of this embodiment. For a breakwater structure with one n×m wave-dissipating module, there are n wave-dissipating modules evenly spaced in the transverse direction and m wave-dissipating modules evenly spaced in the longitudinal direction. The spacing between adjacent longitudinal wave-dissipating modules is equal to the spacing between adjacent transverse wave-dissipating modules. In a breakwater structure with one n×m wave-dissipating module, the number of outer corner anchor blocks is 4, the number of edge anchor blocks is 2n+2m-4, and the number of inner anchor blocks is nm-mn, meaning the total number of anchor blocks is nm+n+m. For a conventional mooring structure, a breakwater with one n×m wave-dissipating module requires 4nm anchor blocks. The mooring structure of this embodiment significantly reduces the number of anchor blocks.

[0074] In a further embodiment of this application, the structure of the above-mentioned mooring module has been optimized, specifically, as follows: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, each mooring module in this embodiment includes two mooring cables 3, one upper and one lower. The upper ends of the upper mooring cable and the lower mooring cable overlap vertically. The upper end of the upper mooring cable is above the upper end of the lower mooring cable, and the two are respectively placed near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-damping module 1. The lower ends of the upper mooring cable and the lower mooring cable are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

[0075] Because this embodiment uses a four-point mooring method for the wave-dissipating module 1, each wave-dissipating module 1 corresponds to four sets of mooring cable modules and four sets of anchor blocks 2. Maintaining the water depth and balance of the wave-dissipating module 1 is achieved through the combined action of the four sets of mooring cable modules. Each set of mooring cable modules has two layers of mooring cables connected to the wave-dissipating module. The wave-dissipating module needs to maintain a draft of d using the mooring cables, and the wave-dissipating module needs to balance a force ΔF = [ω*(d-d1)*Sm]*g, where ω is the seawater density, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the wave-dissipating module, m is the weight of the wave-dissipating module, and d1 is the draft of the wave-dissipating module in its self-floating state.

[0076] Based on the fact that the angle between the mooring module and both the horizontal and vertical directions is 45°, the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane can be calculated as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where: α—the angle between the lower mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0079] r—radius of the wave-damping module;

[0080] R—mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-dissipating module and anchor block 2;

[0081] H – water depth;

[0082] d — Draft of the wave-damping module;

[0083] The angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane can be calculated as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Where: β—the angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane;

[0086] r—radius of the wave-damping module;

[0087] R—mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-dissipating module and anchor block 2;

[0088] H – water depth;

[0089] L—Axial length of the wave-damping module;

[0090] d — Draft of the wave-damping module;

[0091] The lengths of the upper and lower mooring lines can be calculated using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Where: L1——the length of the lower mooring line, that is, the length of the lower mooring line between the connection point of the lower mooring line and the wave-dissipating module and the connection point of the lower mooring line and the anchor block after mooring is completed;

[0094] L2—The length of the upper mooring line, which is the length of the upper mooring line between the connection point of the upper mooring line and the wave-dissipating module and the connection point of the upper mooring line and the anchor block after mooring is completed.

[0095] r—radius of the wave-damping module;

[0096] R—mooring radius, which can be equivalent to the horizontal distance between the axis of the wave-dissipating module and anchor block 2;

[0097] H – water depth;

[0098] d — The draft of the wave-damping module.

[0099] The tension of the two mooring cables of the mooring module needs to meet the requirements for maintaining the stability of the wave-damping module; therefore, the following formula can be used:

[0100]

[0101] Where: F1—tension of the lower mooring cable;

[0102] F2 – Tension of the upper mooring cable;

[0103] ΔF — The force that the wave-damping module needs to balance;

[0104] n — the number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-damping module 1. In this embodiment, n is 4.

[0105] α — the angle between the lower mooring line and the horizontal plane;

[0106] β—The angle between the upper mooring cable and the horizontal plane.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the above-described mooring structure has been optimized, specifically, as follows: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the mooring cable 3 in this embodiment includes a first section connected to the wave-dissipating module 1 and a second section connected to the anchoring module. The upper end of the first section is anchored to the wave-dissipating module 1, and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retraction structure 4. The lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension through a tension adjustment structure 5, and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure 6 that can be connected to the mooring cable retraction structure 4.

[0108] In this embodiment, the mooring cable 3 is divided into two segments for easier subsequent connection. The first segment is connected to the wave-damping module 1, and its end is connected to the mooring cable retraction structure 4. In this embodiment, the mooring cable retraction structure 4 is a type of retractor. The interior of the mooring cable retraction structure 4 has a circular groove that can accommodate a given length of mooring cable. The mooring cable is retracted or unretracted by screwing the mooring cable into / out of the circular groove, thereby automatically changing the length of the mooring cable. The outside of the mooring cable retraction structure 4 should have indicators for the number of rotations and the rotation angle to determine the length of the retracted or unretracted mooring cable, and should have locking and unlocking devices to avoid the risk of the mooring cable coming off. The first segment of mooring cable is retracted within the mooring cable retraction structure 4, and can be pulled out and retracted relative to the mooring cable retraction structure 4 by a robot. The second segment is installed on the anchor block 2 through a tension adjustment structure 5. The tension adjustment structure 5 is a winch structure with tension monitoring. By tensioning the second segment to the set tension value, the required tension adjustment can be achieved. The upper end of the second section is equipped with a quick-connect structure 6, which is actually a fixing ring or a buckle-like structure that can be quickly hooked and fixed to the cable retraction structure 4.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first and second segments are docked underwater. Therefore, to facilitate the robot's quick location of the docking interface underwater, this embodiment includes a buoy 7 on the mooring retrieval structure 4 to suspend it at a set height. The buoy 7 can mark the position of the mooring retrieval structure 4 below, making it easier for the robot to quickly find the corresponding location.

[0110] When performing mooring operations on the floating array breakwater of this application, the following steps can be followed:

[0111] S1. Considering geological conditions, water depth, tides and other factors, select the installation location of anchor block 2; when installing anchor block 2, first locate it, use installation equipment to lower anchor block 2 to the seabed; apply pressure to fix anchor block 2 on the seabed;

[0112] S2. The wave-damping module 1 is floated to the vicinity of the anchor block. The first section of the mooring line on the wave-damping module 1 is loosened by the mooring line retrieval structure 4 to make it relatively slack. A buoy 7 is installed on the mooring line retrieval structure 4, so that the buoy 7 floats on the water surface. Figure 1 As shown;

[0113] S3. The underwater robot dives into the water according to the position of buoy 7, connects the first section of the mooring cable of the upper and lower layers of the wave-damping module 1 with the second section of the mooring cable of the anchor block, and hooks the quick connection structure 6 at the upper end of the second section onto the mooring cable retraction structure 4 of the first section, so that the first section and the second section are connected.

[0114] S4. Tighten the first section through the mooring cable retraction structure 4 to make the mooring cable 3 reach the designed length, ensure that the angle and position of the mooring cable 3 on the anchor block 2 are correct and that there is no loosening, and then lock the mooring cable retraction structure 4.

[0115] S5. Repeat the above steps until all 8 mooring cables of wave-damping module 1 are installed.

[0116] S6. The underwater robot / diver continues to descend to the vicinity of anchor block 2, reads the value of tension adjustment structure 5, and tightens the mooring cable through tension adjustment structure 5 until the sum of the pretension of the two mooring cables at the anchor point meets the design requirements. Figure 2 As shown;

[0117] S7. Repeat step S6 for each anchoring point of anchor block 2. After completion, conduct relevant inspections and tests to check its fixing effect and ensure that anchor block 2 can withstand the effects of wave and water flow loads without displacement.

[0118] S8. Repeat steps S1 to S7 until the floating array breakwater mooring is completed.

[0119] like Figure 1 As shown, the axial direction of this application Figure 1 The axial direction of the central columnar wave-damping module is the vertical direction of this application. The vertical direction of this application refers to... Figure 1 The vertical direction, and the horizontal direction of this application refer to... Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper.

[0120] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A floating array breakwater, characterized in that: include, Multiple wave-dissipating modules (1), wherein the wave-dissipating modules (1) are columnar structures floating on the sea surface, and the multiple wave-dissipating modules (1) are arranged in an array pattern of longitudinal columns and transverse rows; Anchoring module, which is a fixed anchoring structure between adjacent wave-dissipating modules (1) and anchored to the seabed; The mooring module has its upper end anchored to the wave-dissipating module (1) and its lower end adjustable for tension connection to the anchoring module. The wave-dissipating module (1) is anchored to the anchoring module by multiple sets of mooring modules arranged at equal intervals along the circumference; the mooring module includes upper and lower mooring cables (3); The wave-damping module (1) is a floating hollow columnar structure with an inflow hole on the back side of the wave.

2. The floating array breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring module includes anchor blocks (2) fixed to the seabed. Multiple anchor blocks (2) are arranged in an array pattern of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Each set of wave-dissipating modules (1) is located between four sets of anchor blocks (2) that are adjacent in both the longitudinal and horizontal directions.

3. A floating array breakwater as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the projection of the mooring module in the horizontal direction and the transverse and longitudinal directions is 45°.

4. A floating array breakwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the upper mooring cable (3) and the upper end of the lower mooring cable (3) overlap vertically. The upper end of the upper mooring cable (3) is above the upper end of the lower mooring cable (3), and the two are respectively placed near the upper end and near the lower end of the wave-damping module (1). The lower ends of the upper mooring cable (3) and the lower mooring cable (3) are fixed at the same position of the anchoring module.

5. A floating array breakwater as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The mooring cable (3) includes a first section connected to the wave-dissipating module (1) and a second section connected to the anchoring module; the upper end of the first section is anchored to the wave-dissipating module (1), and the lower end is provided with a mooring cable retraction structure (4); the lower end of the second section is connected to the anchoring module with adjustable tension through a tension adjustment structure (5), and the upper end is provided with a quick connection structure (6) that can be connected to the mooring cable retraction structure (4).

6. A floating array breakwater as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The mooring and retrieval structure (4) is provided with a buoy (7) for suspending the mooring and retrieval structure (4) at a set height.

7. A method for mooring a floating array breakwater, characterized in that: The mooring method is used for mooring operations on any of the floating array breakwaters as described in claims 1 to 6, including, Position the anchoring module and fix it to the seabed; Transport the wave-dissipating module (1) to the sea area near the anchoring module, loosen the mooring module connected to the wave-dissipating module (1), and use an underwater robot to connect the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module; Tension the mooring module, adjust the length of the mooring module, its angle and position on the anchor block (2) to meet the design requirements, and then lock the mooring module. Proceed in sequence until all mooring modules corresponding to the wave-damping module (1) are installed and the mooring modules are tensioned to the design requirements; This process is repeated until all wave-dissipating modules (1) have completed their mooring operations.

8. A method for mooring a floating array breakwater as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The method of using an underwater robot to connect the lower end of the mooring module to the anchoring module includes: splitting the upper and lower mooring (3) of the mooring module into two sections, connecting the upper end of the first section to the wave-dissipating module (1), installing a mooring take-up and release structure (4) at the lower end of the first section, marking the mooring take-up and release structure (4) with a buoy (7), and connecting the lower end of the second section to the tension adjustment structure (5) on the anchoring module; the underwater robot descends based on the buoy (7) to connect the quick connection structure (6) at the upper end of the second section to the mooring take-up and release structure (4), and the mooring take-up and release structure (4) tightens the first section and the second section.

9. A method for mooring a floating array breakwater as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The method for tensioning the mooring module to the design requirements includes: adjusting the tension of the mooring (3) using the tension adjustment structure (5) on the mooring (3) so that the tension of the upper and lower layers of mooring (3) in the same mooring module meets the following requirements: Wherein: F1—tension of the lower mooring cable (3); F2—Tension of the upper mooring cable (3); ΔF—The force that needs to be balanced by the wave-damping module (1); n——The number of mooring modules corresponding to each wave-damping module (1); α—The angle between the lower mooring cable (3) and the horizontal plane; β——The angle between the upper mooring cable (3) and the horizontal plane.

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