A ship lift anti-collision device and method with active adaptive bow shape

Abstract

The present invention provides an anti-collision device and method for a ship lift with active adaptive bow shape, comprising a vertical lifting mechanism, an anti-collision steel beam, a longitudinal translation mechanism and an adaptive energy absorption device; the vertical lifting mechanism comprises a first winch, a lifting pulley and a lifting wire rope; one end of the lifting wire rope passes through the lifting pulley and is wound and fixed on the drum of the first winch, and the other end is connected to the anti-collision steel beam through the fixed end of the wire rope; the longitudinal translation mechanism comprises a slide table slidably arranged on the anti-collision steel beam and a driving mechanism driving the slide table to move left and right on the anti-collision steel beam; an adaptive energy absorption device is installed on the impact surface side of the slide table. The present invention can solve the problem of bow shape adaptability in the existing technical solution, improve the space utilization rate of the ship box room, and at the same time ensure the navigation safety of the ship after the deadweight tonnage is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ship lift anti-collision devices, in particular to an active self-adaptive bow shape ship lift anti-collision device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread use of ship lifts, the safety of ships passing through ship lifts has also received increasing attention. In order to ensure the safe operation of ship lifts and prevent the occurrence of ship collision accidents, the research and development and application of ship compartment safety anti-collision devices are particularly important. Existing anti-collision technologies have been successfully applied to ship lifts of 3,000 tons and below. The technical solutions are mainly divided into two categories. One is the wire rope-buffer cylinder solution represented by the Three Gorges Ship Lift, and the other is the steel beam solution represented by the Pigoutan Ship Lift. Steel beams can absorb a lot of energy through elastic-plastic deformation, thereby absorbing the kinetic energy of the ship when it hits. However, for pointed and streamlined bows, the small collision contact surface will concentrate the pressure, resulting in damage to the bow structure.

[0003] Compared with steel beams, the flexibility of steel wire ropes can increase the contact surface when colliding, which is helpful to avoid load concentration and protect the hull structure from damage to a greater extent. However, in the case of a complete stall of a large-tonnage ship, the elastic deformation of the steel wire rope and the displacement of the oil cylinder absorb energy together, and a larger anti-collision stroke needs to be set, which is not conducive to improving the space utilization rate of the ship box room. In addition, when the collision position is not centered, the unbalanced load at both ends of the steel wire rope will be magnified, increasing the risk of failure of the anti-collision system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship lift anti-collision device and method with active adaptive bow shape, so as to solve the problem of bow shape adaptability in the prior art solution, improve the space utilization rate of the ship box room, and at the same time ensure the navigation safety of the ship after the deadweight tonnage is increased.

[0005] The present invention provides a ship lift anti-collision device with an active adaptive bow shape, which is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower heads of a ship cabin and located in front of a gate. The ship lift anti-collision device comprises a vertical lifting mechanism, an anti-collision steel beam, a longitudinal translation mechanism and an adaptive energy absorption device;

[0006] The vertical lifting mechanism comprises a first hoist, a lifting pulley, and a lifting wire rope; one end of the lifting wire rope passes through the lifting pulley and is wound and fixed on the drum of the first hoist, and the other end is connected to the anti-collision steel beam through the fixed end of the wire rope;

[0007] The longitudinal translation mechanism includes a slide table slidably arranged on the anti-collision steel beam and a driving mechanism driving the slide table to move left and right on the anti-collision steel beam;

[0008] An adaptive energy absorbing device is installed on the impact surface side of the slide.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting pulley is installed on a pulley bracket and is symmetrically arranged on the top of both sides of the ship lift cabin.

[0010] Furthermore, a slide rail is provided on the anti-collision steel beam, and a slide wheel is provided at the bottom of the slide, and the slide wheel can slide along the slide rail.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a cable, a cable guide wheel, a large friction wheel and a small friction wheel. The cable passes through the cable guide wheel provided on the anti-collision steel beam. A group of large friction wheels and small friction wheels are provided on each side of the cabin to clamp the cable, and the end of the cable is connected to the second winch; joints are provided on both sides of the slide to connect with the cable, and the cable is driven by the rotation of the large friction wheel, thereby controlling the slide to slide along the slide guide rail to adjust the defense position of the adaptive energy absorption device on the slide.

[0012] Furthermore, the large friction wheel is coaxially arranged with a driving gear, connected to a reducer, and driven by a motor, and the small friction wheel clamps the cable to provide positive pressure.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting groove is provided on the impact surface side of the slide table for installing and positioning the adaptive energy absorbing device.

[0014] Furthermore, a balancing weight is provided on the other side of the slide, which is used to adjust the center of gravity of the longitudinal translation mechanism to be at the axis of the anti-collision steel beam after the adaptive energy absorption device is installed.

[0015] Furthermore, the adaptive energy absorption device is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with gradient thickness and unit size distribution. The thickness of the unit structure gradually increases from the impact surface to the back surface, and the unit structure in the middle is large in size and small in thickness.

[0016] Furthermore, the impact surface of the adaptive energy absorbing device is provided with a metal rubber layer, a sacrificial layer is provided in the middle of the impact surface, a plurality of energy absorbing layers are symmetrically provided on both sides of the sacrificial layer, and the sacrificial layer and the energy absorbing layer are wrapped by a constraint layer.

[0017] A ship lift anti-collision method with active adaptive bow shape is implemented by using a ship lift anti-collision device, the method comprising:

[0018] Before the ship enters the cabin, the vertical lifting mechanism lowers the anti-collision steel beam to the blocking position, and the longitudinal translation mechanism moves to the middle of the anti-collision steel beam, and uses the laser displacement sensor array to identify the ship speed and the route angle to assess the risk of ship collision. After confirming that there is no collision risk, the longitudinal translation mechanism does not perform any action. When the cabin runs to the designated position, the water retaining working gate opens, the vertical lifting mechanism lifts the anti-collision device to the top of the cabin, and the ship leaves the cabin;

[0019] Under accident conditions, the laser displacement sensor array is used to identify the ship speed and the course angle to predict the ship impact point. The longitudinal translation mechanism moves the adaptive energy absorption device to the predicted impact position through the friction wheel drive. The ship hits the middle of the adaptive energy absorption device due to stall. The adaptive energy absorption device collapses to absorb the impact kinetic energy and adapts to the shape of the ship's bow to evenly transfer the load to the anti-collision steel beam. At this time, the anti-collision steel beam only undergoes elastic deformation but no plastic deformation. After the adaptive energy absorption device is completely collapsed and reaches the deformation limit, the anti-collision steel beam undergoes plastic deformation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] The bow shape of the present invention is highly adaptable, and the adaptive energy absorbing device can adaptively deform to form a relatively stable state to adapt to various bow shapes. When ships with different bow shapes collide, they can all adaptively deform, so that the impact load is evenly transmitted to the anti-collision steel beam.

[0022] The present invention can intercept ships with larger tonnage and higher speed. Since the present invention adopts three-level energy absorption, namely, collapse of the adaptive energy absorption device, elastic deformation of the anti-collision steel beam, and plastic deformation of the anti-collision steel beam, it can absorb more energy than the existing technical method. Therefore, the present invention has high safety and can realize the interception of ships with larger tonnage and higher speed.

[0023] The invention has a short braking distance and a more compact equipment layout. The adaptive energy absorption device has a small collapse stroke and can achieve ship arrest in a short distance. Therefore, the invention is conducive to saving the space of the ship lift cabin and reserving space for other functional equipment.

[0024] The invention is reasonably designed and easy to repair. For a ship collision accident with a tonnage and speed within the design operating range, the self-adaptive energy absorption device is collapsed and the anti-collision steel beam is elastically deformed. After an accident occurs, the function of the anti-collision device can be quickly restored by removing and replacing the self-adaptive energy absorption device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system design diagram of a ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ship lift anti-collision device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive energy absorption device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for avoiding collision of a ship lift with active adaptive bow shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The figure numbers are:

[0030] 101—anti-collision device for ship lift, 102—gate, 103—ship box room, 104—laser displacement sensor array, 105—ship box water area;

[0031] 201—lifting pulley, 202—lifting wire rope, 203—large friction wheel, 204—small friction wheel, 205—cable, 206—cable guide wheel, 207—lifting lug, 208—anti-collision steel beam, 209—slideway guide rail, 210—slideway wheel, 211—slideway, 212—adaptive energy absorption device;

[0032] 301 - metal rubber layer, 302 - sacrificial layer, 303 - second energy absorption layer, 304 - third energy absorption layer, 305 - fourth energy absorption layer, 306 - fifth energy absorption layer, 307 - sixth energy absorption layer, 308 - constraint layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an active adaptive bow shape ship lift anti-collision device 101, the ship lift anti-collision device 101 is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower heads of the cabin room 103, located in front of the gate 102, and the laser displacement sensor array 104 is symmetrically arranged from the upper and lower heads of the cabin to the middle of the cabin, which is used to monitor the real-time speed and position information of the ship, and at the same time predict the ship collision position to provide information for the execution of the longitudinal translation mechanism in the ship lift anti-collision device 101.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the ship lift anti-collision device 101 of the present invention includes a vertical lifting mechanism, an anti-collision steel beam 208 , a longitudinal translation mechanism and an adaptive energy absorption device 212 .

[0036] The vertical lifting mechanism includes a first winch, a lifting pulley 201, and a lifting wire rope 202; one end of the lifting wire rope 202 passes through the lifting pulley 201 and is wound and fixed on the drum of the first winch, and the other end is connected to the lifting lug 207 of the anti-collision steel beam 208 through the fixed end of the wire rope. The lifting pulley 201 is installed on the pulley bracket and is symmetrically arranged on the top of both sides of the ship lift cabin.

[0037] The longitudinal translation mechanism includes a slide table 211 slidably disposed on the anti-collision steel beam 208 and a driving mechanism driving the slide table 211 to move left and right on the anti-collision steel beam 208 .

[0038] The anti-collision steel beam 208 is provided with a slide rail 209 , and the bottom of the slide 211 is provided with six sets of slide wheels 210 . The slide wheels 210 can slide along the slide rail 209 , and the slide wheels 210 provide guidance for the slide 211 .

[0039] The driving mechanism includes a cable 205, a cable guide wheel 206, a large friction wheel 203 and a small friction wheel 204. The cable 205 passes through the cable guide wheel 206 provided on the anti-collision steel beam 208. The cable guide wheel 206 is used to guide the cable 205 during the lifting and lowering of the anti-collision steel beam 208. A group of large friction wheels 203 and small friction wheels 204 are respectively provided on both sides of the cabin to clamp the cable 205, and the end of the cable 205 is connected to the second winch. The large friction wheel 203 is coaxially arranged with a driving gear, connected to the reducer, and driven by a motor. The small friction wheel 204 clamps the cable 205 to provide positive pressure. Joints are provided on both sides of the slide 211 to connect with the cable 205. The large friction wheel 203 rotates to drive the cable 205, thereby controlling the slide 211 to slide along the slide rail 209 to adjust the defense position of the adaptive energy absorption device 212 on the slide 211.

[0040] The sliding table 211 has a mounting groove on the impact surface side for mounting and positioning the adaptive energy absorbing device 212. The adaptive energy absorbing device 212 is bolted to the impact surface side of the sliding table 211. A balancing weight is provided on the other side of the sliding table 211 for adjusting the center of gravity of the longitudinal translation mechanism to be at the axis of the anti-collision steel beam 208 after the adaptive energy absorbing device 212 is installed.

[0041] The adaptive energy absorbing device 208 is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with gradient thickness and unit size distribution. The unit structure thickness gradually increases from the impact surface to the back surface, and the unit structure size in the middle is large and the thickness is small. When a collision occurs, the part with a large unit structure and a small thickness collapses to adapt to the bow shape of different ship types, absorbing a large amount of energy while increasing the contact area between the hull and the anti-collision device.

[0042] The adaptive energy absorbing device 208 of the present invention is composed of n layers of aluminum alloy honeycomb structures of different sizes. To illustrate the implementation method of the present invention, a six-layer hexahedral honeycomb unit is used as an example. Figure 3As shown. The impact surface of the adaptive energy absorbing device 208 is provided with a metal rubber layer 301, which is used to provide an elastic buffering process to avoid the hull damage caused by the rigid-to-rigid collision between the hull and the energy absorbing device. A sacrificial layer 302 is provided in the middle of the impact surface, and its honeycomb structure unit structure size is large and the thickness is small. When a collision occurs, it can be deformed before other energy absorbing layers to form a relative stable state adapted to the shape of the bow of the ship. The second energy absorbing layer 303, the third energy absorbing layer 304, the fourth energy absorbing layer 305, the fifth energy absorbing layer 306, and the sixth energy absorbing layer 307 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sacrificial layer 302, wherein the honeycomb structure size of the second energy absorbing layer 303 is smaller than that of the sacrificial layer 302, and the thickness is greater than that of the sacrificial layer 302. From the second energy absorbing layer 303 to the sixth energy absorbing layer 307, the honeycomb structure size decreases step by step, and the thickness increases step by step. When a collision occurs, the energy absorbing layers collapse step by step in sequence to absorb the collision energy of the ship. The sacrificial layer 302 and the energy absorbing layer are wrapped by the constraining layer 308 , and the gaps generated during the installation of each energy absorbing layer can be filled with a foaming agent to prevent relative displacement during operation.

[0043] The present invention provides a method for preventing collision of a ship lift with active self-adaptive bow shape, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0044] Before the ship enters the cabin, the first winch is started to drive the lifting wire rope 202 to lower the anti-collision steel beam 208 to the interception station. When the ship enters the cabin waters 105, the laser displacement sensor array 104 calculates the axis position of the ship by detecting the distance from both sides of the cabin to the hull, monitors the axis change of the ship through the array sensor setting, and predicts the axial coordinates of the ship collision. At the same time, the signal of the bow passing through the first group of sensors is continuously compared with the signal passing through the subsequent sensors, and the time when the bow passes through each group of sensors is recorded to monitor the speed change of the ship entering the cabin. If the speed exceeds the threshold when the ship triggers the last group of sensors, a collision warning is triggered, and the axis position and speed of the ship are calculated according to the sensor readings, thereby calculating the collision position.

[0045] If it is determined that there is no collision risk, the cabin will operate normally to the preset height, the cabin working gate will be opened, the first winch will start to drive the lifting wire rope 202 to lift the anti-collision steel beam 208 to the top of the cabin, and the ship will leave the cabin normally.

[0046] If there is a risk of collision, the controller controls the motor to drive the longitudinal translation mechanism according to the sensor feedback information. The large friction wheels 203 on both sides of the cabin rotate to drive the cables 205 to move the slide 211 and the adaptive energy absorption device 212 to the predicted collision position, so that the middle part of the adaptive energy absorption device 212 is aligned with the axis of the ship.

[0047] When the ship collides, the adaptive energy absorbing device 212 collapses to form an adaptive steady state. Specifically, the metal rubber layer 301 undergoes elastic deformation, and the sacrificial layer 302 undergoes plastic deformation before other energy absorbing layers, collapsing to form a relative steady state. As the ship collides, the second energy absorbing layer 303, the third energy absorbing layer 304, the fourth energy absorbing layer 305, the fifth energy absorbing layer 306, and the sixth energy absorbing layer 307 collapse step by step to absorb the kinetic energy of the ship.

[0048] If the ship is stopped after the adaptive energy absorbing device 212 collapses, the anti-collision steel beam 208 is lifted to the top of the cabin, the ship is towed away from the cabin, and the adaptive energy absorbing device 212 is quickly replaced to restore navigation.

[0049] If the adaptive energy absorption device 212 collapses and cannot stop the ship, the anti-collision steel beam 208 undergoes plastic deformation to absorb the remaining kinetic energy of the ship. Since the plastic deformation of the anti-collision steel beam 208 can absorb a large amount of energy, it can ensure safe interception of the ship under conditions such as overload and overspeed. After the ship stops, the anti-collision steel beam 208 is lifted to the top of the cabin and the ship is towed away from the cabin. The adaptive energy absorption device 212 and the anti-collision steel beam 208 need to be replaced before navigation is restored.

[0050] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An active self-adaptive bow shape ship lift anti-collision device, symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower cabin heads of the cabin room, located in front of the gate, characterized in that: The ship lift anti-collision device comprises a vertical lifting mechanism, an anti-collision steel beam, a longitudinal translation mechanism and an adaptive energy absorption device; The vertical lifting mechanism comprises a first hoist, a lifting pulley, and a lifting wire rope; one end of the lifting wire rope passes through the lifting pulley and is wound and fixed on the drum of the first hoist, and the other end is connected to the anti-collision steel beam through the fixed end of the wire rope; The longitudinal translation mechanism includes a slide table slidably arranged on the anti-collision steel beam and a driving mechanism driving the slide table to move left and right on the anti-collision steel beam; An adaptive energy absorbing device is installed on the impact surface side of the slide; The driving mechanism includes a cable, a cable guide wheel, a large friction wheel and a small friction wheel. The cable passes through the cable guide wheel provided on the anti-collision steel beam. A group of large friction wheels and small friction wheels are provided on both sides of the cabin to clamp the cable. The end of the cable is connected to the second winch. Joints are provided on both sides of the slide to connect with the cable. The cable is driven by the rotation of the large friction wheel, thereby controlling the slide to slide along the slide rail to adjust the defense position of the adaptive energy absorption device on the slide. The adaptive energy absorption device is composed of a hexagonal honeycomb structure with gradient thickness and unit size distribution. The unit structure thickness gradually increases from the impact surface to the back surface, and the unit structure in the middle is large in size and small in thickness. It also includes a laser displacement sensor array symmetrically arranged from the upper and lower cabin heads to the middle of the cabin; Before the ship enters the cabin, the vertical lifting mechanism lowers the anti-collision steel beam to the blocking position, and the longitudinal translation mechanism moves to the middle of the anti-collision steel beam, and identifies the ship speed and the route angle through the laser displacement sensor array to assess the risk of ship collision. After confirming that there is no collision risk, the longitudinal translation mechanism does not perform any action; when the cabin runs to the designated position, the water retaining working gate is opened, the vertical lifting mechanism lifts the anti-collision device to the top of the cabin, and the ship leaves the cabin; Under accident conditions, the laser displacement sensor array is used to identify the ship speed and the course angle to predict the ship impact point. The longitudinal translation mechanism moves the adaptive energy absorption device to the predicted impact position through the friction wheel drive. The ship hits the middle of the adaptive energy absorption device due to stall. The adaptive energy absorption device collapses to absorb the impact kinetic energy and adapts to the shape of the ship's bow to evenly transfer the load to the anti-collision steel beam. At this time, the anti-collision steel beam only undergoes elastic deformation but no plastic deformation. After the adaptive energy absorption device is completely collapsed and reaches the deformation limit, the anti-collision steel beam undergoes plastic deformation.

2. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting pulleys are mounted on pulley brackets and are symmetrically arranged on the tops of both sides of the ship lift cabin.

3. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-collision steel beam is provided with a slide rail, and the bottom of the slide is provided with a slide wheel, and the slide wheel can slide along the slide rail.

4. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The large friction wheel is coaxially arranged with a driving gear, connected to a reducer, and driven by a motor; the small friction wheel clamps the cable to provide positive pressure.

5. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting groove is provided on the impact surface side of the slide table for mounting and positioning the adaptive energy absorbing device.

6. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A balancing weight is provided on the other side of the slide, which is used to adjust the center of gravity of the longitudinal translation mechanism to be located at the axis of the anti-collision steel beam after the adaptive energy absorption device is installed.

7. The ship lift anti-collision device with active adaptive bow shape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The impact surface of the adaptive energy absorbing device is provided with a metal rubber layer, a sacrificial layer is provided in the middle of the impact surface, a plurality of energy absorbing layers are symmetrically provided on both sides of the sacrificial layer, and the sacrificial layer and the energy absorbing layer are wrapped by a constraint layer.

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