A roof truss pull rod structure of an igloo and a construction method

Abstract

A kind of ice house roof bar structure and construction method, belong to ice-snow building manufacturing technical field, the present application is to solve the problem that the existing ice house building lacks reasonable composite stress structure during erection, leading to poor safety in use of its roof portion, and the problem that the roof portion needs to be supported by metal supporting plate during erection, affecting the overall aesthetic of ice building, the present application increases organic glass bar and pull rod arch in ice plate to improve the overall bending resistance of ice house cover, facing the needs of actual construction, the compression performance of roof cover can be effectively improved by the added FRP pull rod arch structure, avoiding the cracking problem of ice house cover during use, and the configuration of organic glass bar provides further protection for the bending performance of roof cover, through the comprehensive application of glass bar and pull rod arch, the application range and application scenario of such ice building structure are expanded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of ice and snow building manufacturing, and particularly relates to a roof truss pull rod structure of an ice house and a building method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ice, as a natural engineering material, has good bearing capacity and plasticity. Because of its transparent appearance and soft texture, it can be combined with colored lights and dyeing agents to create crystal-clear, gorgeous and dazzling colors. Ice and snow building structure has a long history and distinctive features, and is an important part of modern ice and snow industry. However, as a building material, ice has the characteristics of low strength and brittle failure. In existing research, various materials such as sawdust and slag are used to strengthen ice structure.

[0003] The existing construction method of ice structure is usually composed of two parts of pouring mold and inflatable film. In the production process, ice blocks are frozen in the unit mold of the rectangular box, the pouring mold is connected to form a net structure, and the net structure is laid on the inflatable film. The inflatable film is restarted by the ventilator to form an arch or slope shape, and the gap in the net structure is filled with composite material blocks, and the composite material water is sprayed. After forming, the pressure inside the inflatable film is reduced to separate the inflatable film from the arch or slope body. Then, the inside of the arch or slope body is filled and polished.

[0004] In view of the need for ice structure building, in the process of building application of ordinary ice masonry structure, the commonly used building method is usually simple stacking of ice blocks. The thickness of the blocks is increased to ensure the overall performance of the built ice block building. The ice block structure built in this way is often thick and heavy. A large amount of ice is required in the building process, and the structure has high requirements. The masonry ice structure cannot bear large load because it is simply controlled by the ice blocks in the process of use. It is difficult to realize the construction of complex shell and other free-form surface structures. At the same time, due to its relatively simple stress structure, it is difficult to realize the shaping of large-span, high-rise and other continuous shape structures.

[0005] For larger igloos, due to their size, a modular construction approach is typically used. The igloo is broken down into multiple modules, which are then individually prepared and assembled to form the complete structure. However, if a frozen body made of stacked ice blocks or prefabricated ice made with composite materials as an adhesive is used directly as the roof structure, the structure itself will be weak. During later hoisting, the strong lifting force can directly damage the main roof structure, causing roof damage. To avoid this, the ice roof structure is usually constructed on metal pallets. During transport, the metal pallets and the ice roof are lifted together to other igloos using hoisting equipment. The top of the structure allows for the modular assembly of the igloo structure. Using metal support plates as a load-bearing structure during the hoisting process can compensate for the insufficient tensile strength of the ice roof and ensure its integrity. However, the drawback of this approach is that the metal support plates eventually become part of the igloo building, making it visually impossible for the igloo to present a pure igloo appearance, which greatly affects the aesthetics of the igloo. Moreover, due to its relatively weak strength, large span, and lack of a reasonable composite load-bearing structure, this type of roof structure is prone to collapse due to creep accumulation at the weakest points in the middle of the structure during service. Furthermore, because ice structures are highly brittle, the damage to this type of structure is difficult to observe, making it relatively dangerous.

[0006] In conclusion, developing an igloo roof frame structure that can solve the above problems is in line with practical needs in order to improve the overall aesthetics of existing igloo buildings and the safety of igloo roofs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to address the problems of poor safety in existing igloo constructions due to the lack of a reasonable composite load-bearing structure in the roof section, and the need for metal support plates during roof construction, which affects the overall aesthetics of the igloo. Therefore, this invention provides an igloo roof frame tie rod structure and construction method.

[0008] A roof truss tie structure for an igloo, comprising an ice roof and two ice walls, wherein the ice roof is a reinforced tie-rod type roof;

[0009] The ice walls were made by stacking and freezing multiple ice blocks.

[0010] The ice roof consists of two ice panels and a tie rod assembly. The two ice panels and the tie rod assembly are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape. Each ice panel has a roof glass mesh, and the roof glass mesh in both ice panels extends out of the top of the ice panel and is tied to the ridge rib to form a ridge rib structure. An ice-freezing connection layer is provided on the outside of the ridge rib structure. The tops of the two ice panels are fixedly connected through the ice-freezing connection layer. The tie rod assembly is set at the bottom of the two ice panels, and the two ends of the tie rod assembly are respectively inserted into the adjacent ice panel. The bottoms of the two ice panels are supported and fixed by the tie rod assembly.

[0011] Two ice walls are set parallel to each other under the ice roof, and the top of each ice wall is connected to the bottom of an ice panel in the ice roof by a leveling layer.

[0012] Furthermore, both the frozen bonding layer and the leveling layer are made by freezing crushed ice and a mixture of water.

[0013] Furthermore, the tie rod assembly includes multiple tie rod units, which are arranged equidistantly along the extension direction of the roof truss depth. Each tie rod unit includes a horizontal tie rod and two end constraint nuts. The two ends of the horizontal tie rod are respectively machined with external threads. The horizontal tie rod is set between the bottom ends of the two ice plates, and the two ends of the horizontal tie rod pass through the corresponding ice plates and extend to the outside of the ice plates. Each end constraint nut is set on the outside of the ice plate, and each end constraint nut is correspondingly sleeved on the external thread of one end of the horizontal tie rod and threadedly connected to the horizontal tie rod.

[0014] Furthermore, both the horizontal tie rod and the end constraint nut are made of FRP material;

[0015] Furthermore, the roof glass reinforcement mesh consists of a set of plexiglass reinforcement arranged in the transverse direction and a set of plexiglass reinforcement arranged in the longitudinal direction. The spacing between two adjacent plexiglass reinforcements in the transverse direction is 100mm to 250mm, and the spacing between two adjacent plexiglass reinforcements in the longitudinal direction is 100mm to 250mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the acrylic glass reinforcement uses a cross-sectional area of ​​20mm². 2 ~150mm 2 Square or round acrylic glass ribs;

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of the ice plate is 150mm to 450mm, and the length is 3000mm to 5000mm. The ice plate is formed by layered casting. During the casting process, the ice plate is cast in layers of 50mm each.

[0018] Furthermore, the intersection angle between the two ice panels in the ice roof is 60° to 150°;

[0019] Furthermore, the spacing between two adjacent tie rod units in the tie rod assembly is 1500mm to 3500mm, the length of the horizontal tie rod is 2500mm to 5000mm, the end face diameter of the horizontal tie rod is 30mm to 120mm, and an FRP washer is provided between each end constraint nut and the corresponding ice plate, and the thickness of the FRP washer is 20mm.

[0020] A method for constructing an igloo roof truss tie structure:

[0021] Step 1: Pour the ice slab. The ice slab is formed by pouring in layers. During the pouring process, pour in layers of 50mm each. After the ice slab is poured and trimmed into place, locate the ridge dividing line according to the design dimensions.

[0022] Step 2: Divide the ice slabs poured in Step 1. Cut the poured ice slabs at the ridge dividing line, while paying attention to the position of the acrylic glass reinforcement. Reserve an appropriate length of acrylic glass reinforcement as the connection part for binding with the ridge reinforcement. After completing the cutting of the ice slabs, determine the position of the hanging reinforcement. Prepare the installation frame according to the roof slope and span, and prepare for hoisting.

[0023] Step 3: Take two ice plates cut in Step 2 and lift them to the position of the mounting frame. Take temporary fixing measures to prevent the ice plates from sliding between themselves and the mounting frame after placement, which would affect the final preparation accuracy of the ice roof.

[0024] Step 4: After the ice plate and the mounting frame in Step 3 are in position, determine the arrangement position of the ridge rib structure according to the structural design, and tie and fix the plexiglass ribs reserved in Step 2 to the ridge ribs with binding straps. After the ridge rib structure is fixed, perform the positioning work of the tie rod anchor surface and determine the anchor surface cutting line.

[0025] Step 5: Based on the anchor surface cutting line determined in Step 4, perform the support anchor surface segmentation work, and at the same time determine the position of the anchor hole and make the hole.

[0026] Step 6: After the anchor holes in Step 5 are opened, insert the prepared horizontal tie rods one by one into a set of corresponding anchor holes, and fix each inserted horizontal tie rod with a single-end anchor by using an end constraint nut.

[0027] Step 7: After the multiple horizontal tie rods are fixed with single-end anchors in Step 6, the outer side of the ridge rib structure is filled with crushed ice or ice powder layer by layer, and water is injected to freeze and form an ice-freezing connection layer. The freezing time is at least 24 hours. The tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof are fixed through the ice-freezing connection layer.

[0028] Step 8: After the tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof are fixed by the ice connection layer in step 7, the other end of each horizontal tie rod is fixed by end anchor and the sag of the horizontal tie rod is checked.

[0029] Step 9: After the sag of all horizontal tie rods in Step 8 reaches the inspection standard, the entire ice roof structure is hoisted to the top of the two pre-erected ice walls using a four-point lifting method.

[0030] Step 10: Construct a leveling layer on the top bearing surface of each ice wall using a method of mixing ice foam with water. After accurately placing the suspended ice roof from Step 9 onto the leveling layer on top of the two ice walls, the overall installation of the ice house roof frame structure is completed.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this application compared to the prior art are:

[0032] 1. This application provides a roof truss tie rod structure and construction method for an igloo. Based on the commonly used ice masonry building construction technology, it originally adopts a reinforced tie rod combination structure, and originally proposes a combination scheme of reinforced tie rod and planar ice masonry wall. Furthermore, by proposing a construction technology for practical application, it makes it suitable for the design of existing ice structure houses.

[0033] 2. This application provides a roof truss tie rod structure and construction method for an igloo. To fully utilize the material properties of ice and ensure the stability of the ice structure during normal use, a roof structure is constructed by casting ice panels on the basis of traditional ice stacking structures. Anchor tie rods are installed in the roof structure, which is then assembled with the ice wall structure after completion. During the casting of the ice panels, a method with glass reinforcement is proposed. The glass reinforcement is placed in a mold beforehand, and the ice panel portion is cast. Dividing lines are set, and external glass reinforcement is reserved. During the forming process, the overall performance of the igloo roof is ensured by corner-tying glass reinforcement and joint ice material filling.

[0034] 3. This application provides a roof truss tie rod structure and construction method for an igloo. The addition of plexiglass reinforcing bars improves the overall strength and toughness of the ice panels, making the igloo roof more stable under various external forces. As a high-strength material, it effectively disperses and transfers the load on the igloo roof, resulting in more even stress distribution. This reduces cracks and deformations during stress, improving its overall load-bearing capacity. By pre-placing the plexiglass reinforcing bars in a mold and then pouring the ice panels, the construction process is greatly simplified, improving efficiency. This pouring method also helps reduce on-site work and lower construction costs. The transparency of the plexiglass reinforcing bars makes the igloo roof appear lighter and more transparent, contrasting with the white of the ice walls. It can also be combined with decorative materials such as LED strips to create a unique aesthetic effect.

[0035] 4. The roof truss tie rod structure and construction method of the igloo provided in this application greatly improves the support strength and bending strength of the ice roof structure by improving the ice panel structure and optimizing the roof structure. The ice roof structure provided in this application can be directly hoisted using hoisting equipment without the need for metal support plates as load-bearing components. Thus, when combining the roof with the ice wall, there is no need for metal support plates. Instead, the roof is directly hoisted to the top of the ice wall and leveled by a leveling layer composed of crushed ice and water. The igloo building constructed in this way presents a pure ice structure in appearance, without any obvious splicing marks, maximizing the integrity and aesthetics of the ice building. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a partial sectional schematic diagram of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the roof portion in the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tie rod unit in the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the roof structure and the ice wall structure in the igloo roof truss tie structure described in this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the determination of the ridge dividing line on the ice panel during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie structure described in this application;

[0042] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the ice panels after they have been divided during the construction of the igloo roof frame tie structure described in this application.

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the state of ice plates being hoisted onto the mounting frame during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0044] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the state of the ridge ribs in the two ice panels being tied together to form a ridge rib structure during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of determining the installation position of the horizontal tie rods during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of a horizontal tie rod fixed at one end during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the pouring of the frozen connection layer during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie structure described in this application;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the horizontal tie rods fixed at both ends during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the roof structure being lifted off the mounting frame during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure described in this application;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of the roof structure being hoisted onto the ice wall structure during the construction of the igloo roof truss tie structure described in this application.

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the igloo roof truss tie rod structure as described in this application after its construction is completed.

[0052] The diagram shows: 1. Ice roof, 2. Horizontal tie rod, 25. External thread, 3. Roof glass reinforcement mesh, 31. Ridge reinforcement structure, 4. Ice wall, 5. End restraint nut, 6. Ridge dividing line, 7. Hanging rod position, 8. Ridge reinforcement, 9. Mounting frame, 10. Binding strap, 11. Anchor surface cutting line, 12. Anchor hole, 13. Frozen connection layer, and 14. Leveling layer. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment describes a roof truss tie structure for an igloo, which includes an ice roof 1 and two ice walls 4, wherein the ice roof 1 is a reinforced tie-rod type roof.

[0054] Ice wall 4 is made by stacking and freezing multiple ice blocks;

[0055] The ice roof 1 includes two ice panels and a tie rod assembly. The two ice panels and the tie rod assembly are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape. Each ice panel is provided with a roof glass mesh 3, and the roof glass mesh 3 in both ice panels extends out of the top of the ice panel and is tied and fixed with the ridge rib 8 to form a ridge rib structure 31. An ice-freezing connection layer 13 is provided on the outside of the ridge rib structure 31. The tops of the two ice panels are fixedly connected through the ice-freezing connection layer 13. The tie rod assembly is set at the bottom of the two ice panels, and the two ends of the tie rod assembly are respectively inserted into the adjacent ice panel. The bottoms of the two ice panels are supported and fixed by the tie rod assembly.

[0056] Two ice walls 4 are arranged in parallel opposite directions below the ice roof 1, and the top of each ice wall 4 is connected to the bottom of an ice panel in the ice roof 1 by a leveling layer 14.

[0057] This embodiment provides a roof truss tie-rod structure for an igloo. Through customized design, it addresses various load-bearing issues that may arise during the construction and use of ice structures. A reinforced ice tie-rod arch structure is specifically proposed, solving the load-bearing capacity problem by incorporating reinforcement within the ice structure. During construction, a specific construction process ensures the structure's reliability and stability. Compared to traditional masonry ice building designs, this embodiment improves the bending strength of the ice slabs by arranging reinforcement within them. Considering the low strength of ice, the ultimate compressive strength is 1-2 MPa, and the tensile strength is 0.1 MPa. With a strength of -0.3MPa, traditional ice structures cannot achieve the development of large-span roof structures. By improving the strength of the ice panels, the overall bending performance of the roof structure is guaranteed, preventing collapse caused by creep accumulation during service. Furthermore, the increased overall bending performance of the roof structure allows for the development of large-span roof structures using ice as the material. It also eliminates the need for metal support plates during hoisting, allowing the roof structure to be directly assembled with the ice walls using hoisting equipment. This results in a visually pure ice structure, maximizing the aesthetic appeal of the ice building.

[0058] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment 1 in that both the frozen connecting layer 13 and the leveling layer 14 are made by freezing a mixture of crushed ice and water. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Embodiment 1.

[0059] In this embodiment, using crushed ice and water as leveling and connecting components ensures the overall horizontal stability of the roof during assembly and improves the connection performance between the roof and the ice wall. The frozen connection layer 13 composed of crushed ice and water can effectively repair the splicing gap when connecting two ice panels, and freezing can also make the two ice panels more tightly connected, reducing splicing marks. The leveling layer 14 composed of crushed ice and water can adjust the ratio of crushed ice and water according to the actual situation of the top of the ice wall 4. It is inexpensive and relatively flexible. More importantly, the ice leveling layer can reduce the connection marks between the roof and the ice wall, and the aesthetics of the integrated ice building can be further highlighted under the enhancement of lighting and other environmental conditions.

[0060] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment Two in that the tie rod assembly includes multiple tie rod units, which are equidistantly arranged along the extension direction of the roof truss depth. Each tie rod unit includes a horizontal tie rod 2 and two end constraint nuts 5. External threads 25 are machined at both ends of the horizontal tie rod 2. The horizontal tie rod 2 is positioned between the bottom ends of two ice plates, and both ends of the horizontal tie rod 2 pass through the corresponding ice plates and extend to the outer side of the ice plates. Each end constraint nut 5 is positioned on the outer side of one ice plate and is correspondingly fitted onto the external thread 25 at one end of the horizontal tie rod 2, and threadedly connected to the horizontal tie rod 2. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Embodiment Two.

[0061] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment Three in that both the horizontal tie rod 2 and the end constraint nut 5 are made of FRP material. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Embodiment Three.

[0062] As explained in Specific Embodiments Three and Four, the horizontal tie rod 2 installed at the bottom of the two ice panels in the roof structure can effectively withstand the lateral pressure and other loads of the ice panels, and ensure that the distance between the bottom ends of the two ice panels meets the design requirements. At the same time, the horizontal tie rod 2 also serves as a fulcrum for the overall roof structure, which helps to improve the rigidity and strength of the roof structure, effectively improving the compressive performance of the roof and avoiding problems such as cracking and breakage that ice roofs may encounter during use. Both the horizontal tie rod 2 and the end restraint nut 5 are made of composite materials composed of resin matrix and fiber reinforcement to reduce the weight of the horizontal tie rod 2 while ensuring that the horizontal tie rod 2 has high support strength. Considering that ice houses are mostly used in conjunction with lighting, using FRP material as the main material for the horizontal tie rod 2 and the end restraint nut 5 can also improve the insulation of the tie rod assembly and improve the safety of the ice house during use.

[0063] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment Four in that the roof glass reinforcement mesh 3 consists of a set of transversely arranged acrylic glass reinforcements and a set of longitudinally arranged acrylic glass reinforcements. The spacing between adjacent acrylic glass reinforcements in the transverse arrangement is 100mm to 250mm, and the spacing between adjacent acrylic glass reinforcements in the longitudinal arrangement is also 100mm to 250mm. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Embodiment Four.

[0064] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment five in that the acrylic glass reinforcement uses a cross-sectional area of ​​20mm². 2 ~150mm 2 The components are square or round acrylic glass ribs. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Implementation Method Five.

[0065] Referring to specific embodiments five and six, the horizontally arranged acrylic ribs and the vertically arranged acrylic ribs are fixed by binding. The selection of the spacing and the cross-sectional area of ​​the acrylic ribs are determined based on the structural dimensions of the ice plate. The larger the size of the ice plate, the larger the spacing and the cross-sectional area of ​​the acrylic ribs. The smaller the size of the ice plate, the smaller the spacing and the cross-sectional area of ​​the acrylic ribs.

[0066] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment Six in that the thickness of the ice plate is 150mm to 450mm, and the length is 3000mm to 5000mm. The ice plate is formed by layered casting, with each layer being 50mm thick. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Specific Embodiment Seven.

[0067] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment seven in that the intersection angle between the two ice panels in the ice roof 1 is 60° to 150°. Other components and connection methods are the same as in specific embodiment eight.

[0068] As explained in Specific Implementation Methods 7 to 8, compared to monolithic casting, using a layer-by-layer casting method to freeze the ice slab can ensure the uniformity and transparency of the ice slab after it is made into a whole. The disadvantages of monolithic casting are that large areas of longitudinal ice crystals are easily generated during freezing, and impurities and gases in the water will fill into the ice body when ice crystals are generated, causing turbid flocculent matter inside the ice slab, which seriously affects the transparency and aesthetics of the ice body. In addition, monolithic casting is not conducive to determining the arrangement position and accuracy of the roof glass reinforcement mesh 3, which can easily affect the bending strength of the final reinforced ice slab.

[0069] Specific Implementation Method Nine: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment eight in that the spacing between adjacent tie rod units in the tie rod assembly is 1500mm to 3500mm, the length of the horizontal tie rod 2 is 2500mm to 5000mm, the end face diameter of the horizontal tie rod 2 is 30mm to 120mm, and an FRP washer with a thickness of 20mm is provided between each end constraint nut 5 and the corresponding ice plate. Other components and connection methods are the same as in specific embodiment nine.

[0070] In this embodiment, the purpose of setting an FRP washer between each end constraint nut 5 and the corresponding ice plate is to avoid damage to the surface of the ice plate when the end constraint nut 5 is tightened. It also avoids the tightening degree of the end constraint nut 5 being affected after defects appear on the surface of the ice plate, which would prevent the horizontal tie rod 2 from being kept taut and reduce the stiffness and support strength of the horizontal tie rod 2.

[0071] Specific Implementation Method Ten: Combining Figures 6 to 16 This embodiment describes a method for constructing an igloo roof truss tie structure. The specific steps of the construction method are as follows:

[0072] Step 1: Pour the ice slab. The ice slab is formed by pouring in layers. During the pouring process, pour in layers of 50mm each. After the ice slab is poured and trimmed into place, locate the ridge dividing line 6 according to the design dimensions.

[0073] Step 2: Divide the ice board after pouring in Step 1. Cut the poured ice board at the ridge dividing line 6. At the same time, pay attention to the position of the acrylic glass reinforcement. Reserve an acrylic glass reinforcement of appropriate length as the connection part to be tied with the ridge reinforcement 8. After completing the cutting of the ice board, determine the position of the hanging reinforcement 7. Prepare the installation frame 9 according to the roof slope and span, and prepare for hoisting.

[0074] Step 3: Take two ice plates cut in Step 2 and lift them to the position of the mounting frame 9. Take temporary fixing measures to prevent the ice plates from sliding between themselves and the mounting frame 9 after placement, which would affect the final preparation accuracy of the ice roof 1.

[0075] Step 4: After the ice plate and mounting bracket 9 in step 3 are in position, determine the arrangement position of the ridge rib structure 31 according to the structural design, and tie and fix the plexiglass ribs and ridge ribs 8 reserved in step 2 with the binding straps 10. After the ridge rib structure 31 is fixed, perform the positioning work of the tie rod anchor surface and determine the anchor surface cutting line 11.

[0076] Step 5: Based on the anchor surface cutting line 11 determined in Step 4, perform the support anchor surface segmentation work, and at the same time determine the position of the anchor hole 12 and make the hole.

[0077] Step 6: After the anchor holes 12 in step 5 are opened, insert the prepared horizontal tie rods 2 one by one into a set of anchor holes 12 that are set in opposite directions, and fix each horizontal tie rod 2 with a single end anchor by giving an end constraint nut 5.

[0078] Step 7: After the multiple horizontal tie rods 2 are fixed with single-end anchors in step 6, the outer side of the ridge rib structure 31 is filled with crushed ice or ice powder layer by layer, and water is injected to freeze and form an ice-freezing connection layer 13. The freezing time is at least 24 hours. The tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof 1 are fixed through the ice-freezing connection layer 13.

[0079] Step 8: After the tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof 1 are fixed by the ice-freezing connection layer 13 in step 7, the other end of each horizontal tie rod 2 is fixed by end anchor and the sag of the horizontal tie rod 2 is checked.

[0080] Step 9: After the sag of all horizontal tie rods 2 in step 8 reaches the inspection standard, the entire structure of the ice roof 1 is hoisted to the top of the two pre-erected ice walls 4 using a four-point lifting method.

[0081] Step 10: On the top bearing surface of each ice wall 4, a leveling layer 14 is constructed by mixing ice foam with water. After accurately placing the suspended ice roof 1 in step 9 onto the leveling layer 14 on top of the two ice walls 4, the overall installation of the ice house roof frame structure is completed.

[0082] This embodiment proposes a novel construction approach for igloo structures. By reinforcing the ice panels, the bending resistance of the igloo roof structure is improved. Furthermore, by incorporating tie rods into the roof structure, the supporting strength and stiffness of the roof are enhanced. This allows the roof structure to be directly hoisted using lifting components and assembled with the ice wall structure, ensuring the building's appearance is entirely made of ice. The layer-by-layer pouring method used during ice panel fabrication facilitates the stability and accuracy of the roof glass reinforcement mesh 3. During the installation of the horizontal tie rods 2… First, single-end fastening is performed. After the frozen connection layer 13 is poured, both ends are fastened. In order to ensure the stability of the splicing of the two ice panels in the roof structure, before the frozen connection layer 13 is poured, the two ice panels are only connected by the ridge rib structure 31, which has limited support strength. If the horizontal tie rod 2 is fastened at both ends directly at this time, the clamping force of the two end constraint nuts 5 will easily cause the two ice panels to misalign. At the same time, the arrangement position of the ridge rib structure 31 will also shift, which will directly affect the support strength and aesthetics of the subsequent roof structure.

[0083] Compared to traditional masonry ice structures and ice-building methods, the igloo structure and construction method provided in this embodiment add plexiglass reinforcement and tie-rod arches to improve the overall bending resistance of the igloo roof. Addressing practical construction needs, the roof tie-rod arch structure composed of added FRP tie rods effectively enhances the roof's compressive strength, preventing cracking and breakage during use. Simultaneously, the plexiglass reinforcement further ensures the roof's bending performance. The combined application of plexiglass reinforcement and tie-rod arches expands the application scope and scenarios of this type of ice building structure.

[0084] The present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed structure and technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roof frame tie rod structure for an igloo, characterized in that: The roof truss tie structure includes an ice roof (1) and two ice walls (4), wherein the ice roof (1) is a reinforced tie-roof; The ice wall (4) is made by stacking and connecting multiple ice blocks; The ice roof (1) includes two ice panels and a tie rod assembly. The two ice panels and the tie rod assembly are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape. Each ice panel is provided with a roof glass mesh (3). The roof glass mesh (3) in the two ice panels extends out of the top of the ice panel and is tied to the ridge rib (8) to form a ridge rib structure (31). The outside of the ridge rib structure (31) is provided with an ice-freezing connection layer (13). The tops of the two ice panels are fixedly connected through the ice-freezing connection layer (13). The tie rod assembly is set at the bottom of the two ice panels. The two ends of the tie rod assembly are respectively inserted into an adjacent ice panel. The bottoms of the two ice panels are supported and fixed by the tie rod assembly. Two ice walls (4) are set in parallel opposite directions below the ice roof (1), and the top of each ice wall (4) is connected to the bottom of an ice panel in the ice roof (1) by a leveling layer (14). The tie rod assembly includes multiple tie rod units, which are arranged equidistantly along the extension direction of the roof truss depth. Each tie rod unit includes a horizontal tie rod (2) and two end constraint nuts (5). The two ends of the horizontal tie rod (2) are respectively machined with external threads (25). The horizontal tie rod (2) is set between the bottom ends of two ice plates, and the two ends of the horizontal tie rod (2) pass through the corresponding ice plates and extend to the outside of the ice plates. Each end constraint nut (5) is set on the outside of an ice plate, and each end constraint nut (5) is correspondingly sleeved on the external thread (25) of one end of the horizontal tie rod (2) and threadedly connected to the horizontal tie rod (2). The roof glass reinforcement mesh (3) is composed of a set of plexiglass reinforcement arranged in the transverse direction and a set of plexiglass reinforcement arranged in the longitudinal direction. The spacing between two adjacent plexiglass reinforcements in the transverse direction is 100mm~250mm, and the spacing between two adjacent plexiglass reinforcements in the longitudinal direction is 100mm~250mm. The thickness of the ice plate is 150mm~450mm and the length is 3000mm~5000mm. The ice plate is formed by layer casting. During the casting process, the ice plate is cast in layers of 50mm. Both the frozen bonding layer (13) and the leveling layer (14) are made of crushed ice and a mixture of water and ice. The horizontal tie rod (2) and the end constraint nut (5) are both made of FRP material.

2. The roof frame tie rod structure of an igloo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acrylic reinforcement uses a cross-sectional area of ​​20mm². 2 ~150mm 2 Square or round acrylic glass ribs.

3. The roof frame tie rod structure of an igloo according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the two ice panels in the ice roof (1) is 60°~150°.

4. The roof frame tie rod structure of an igloo according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spacing between two adjacent tie rod units in the tie rod assembly is 1500mm~3500mm, the length of the horizontal tie rod (2) is 2500mm~5000mm, the end face diameter of the horizontal tie rod (2) is 30mm~120mm, and each end constraint nut (5) is provided with an FRP washer between itself and the corresponding ice plate, and the thickness of the FRP washer is 20mm.

5. A method for constructing an igloo roof truss tie rod structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of the construction method are as follows: Step 1: Pour the ice board. The ice board is formed by layer pouring. During the pouring process, the ice board is poured in layers of 50mm. After the ice board is poured and trimmed into place, the ridge dividing line (6) is located according to the design dimensions. Step 2: Divide the ice board after pouring in Step 1. Cut the poured ice board at the ridge dividing line (6) and pay attention to the position of the plexiglass reinforcement. Reserve a suitable length of plexiglass reinforcement as the connection part to be tied with the ridge reinforcement (8). After the ice board is cut, determine the position of the hanging reinforcement (7). Prepare the installation frame (9) according to the roof slope and span, and prepare for hoisting. Step 3: Take two ice plates cut in Step 2 and lift them to the position of the mounting frame (9), and take temporary fixing measures to prevent the ice plates from sliding between themselves and the mounting frame (9) after placement, which would affect the final preparation accuracy of the ice roof (1); Step 4: After the ice plate and the mounting bracket (9) in Step 3 are in position, determine the arrangement position of the ridge rib structure (31) according to the structural design, and tie and fix the plexiglass rib and the ridge rib (8) reserved in Step 2 with the binding strap (10). After the ridge rib structure (31) is fixed, perform the positioning work of the tie rod anchor surface and determine the anchor surface cutting line (11). Step 5: Based on the anchor surface cutting line (11) determined in Step 4, perform the support anchor surface segmentation work, and at the same time determine the position of the anchor hole (12) and make the hole. Step 6: After the anchor holes (12) in Step 5 are opened, insert the prepared horizontal tie rods (2) one by one into a set of anchor holes (12) that are set in opposite directions, and fix each horizontal tie rod (2) with a single end anchor by giving an end constraint nut (5). Step 7: After the multiple horizontal tie rods (2) are fixed with single-end anchors in step 6, the outer side of the ridge rib structure (31) is filled with crushed ice or ice powder layer by layer, and water is injected to freeze and form an ice-freezing connection layer (13). The freezing interval is at least 24 hours. The tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof (1) are fixed through the ice-freezing connection layer (13). Step 8: After the tops of the two ice panels in the ice roof (1) are fixed by the ice connection layer (13) in step 7, the other end of each horizontal tie rod (2) is fixed by end anchor and the sag of the horizontal tie rod (2) is checked. Step 9: After the sag of all horizontal tie rods (2) in step 8 reaches the inspection standard, the entire structure of the ice roof (1) is hoisted to the top of the two pre-erected ice walls (4) by a four-point hoisting method. Step 10: On the top bearing surface of each ice wall (4), a leveling layer (14) is constructed by mixing ice foam with water. After the ice roof (1) suspended in step 9 is accurately placed on the leveling layer (14) on the top of the two ice walls (4), the overall installation of the ice house roof frame structure is completed.

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