An energy storage system and an energy storage method

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides an energy storage system and an energy storage method. The energy storage system includes a fluidized bed charging module, a fixed bed energy storage module, an energy application module, and a circulation pipeline connecting the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module. The fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heat charging device or a fluidized bed cold charging device. The fixed bed energy storage module includes a first fixed bed group consisting of multiple fixed beds connected in series or parallel, a second fixed bed connected in series with the first fixed bed group, and a first thermometer located at the top of the second fixed bed and a second thermometer located at the bottom of the second fixed bed. The second fixed bed is connected to the energy application module, and a fluid working medium flows through the circulation pipeline. The fluidized bed cavity of the fluidized bed charging module is filled with first energy storage particles, and the fixed bed cavity of the fixed bed energy storage module is filled with second energy storage particles. Through the embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage efficiency is improved, the system is suitable for long-term energy storage, and energy storage and release are effectively controlled to meet the needs of industrial continuous production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system and an energy storage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing global demand for renewable energy, solar and wind power, among other renewable energy sources, have been vigorously promoted at the national level due to their clean and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the inherent characteristics of renewable energy, such as intermittency, periodicity, and volatility, not only provide opportunities for the development of various energy storage technologies but also bring significant challenges. Among numerous energy storage technologies, thermal / cold energy storage technology is considered one of the most suitable energy storage methods for large-scale applications due to its advantages such as low investment and operating costs, wide applicable capacity range, and small footprint.

[0003] However, existing medium- and low-temperature, short-term sensible heat storage technologies, such as converting green electricity and off-peak electricity into heat energy, typically have short energy release times and low heat storage density, making them difficult to meet the needs of continuous industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, an energy storage system and an energy storage method are proposed to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, comprising:

[0005] An energy storage system includes a fluidized bed charging module, a fixed bed energy storage module, an energy application module, and a circulation pipeline connecting the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module. The fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heating device or a fluidized bed cooling device. The fixed bed energy storage module includes a first fixed bed group consisting of multiple fixed beds connected in series or parallel, a second fixed bed connected in series with the first fixed bed group, a first temperature gauge located at the top of the second fixed bed, and a second temperature gauge located at the bottom of the second fixed bed. The second fixed bed is connected to the energy application module. A fluid working medium flows through the circulation pipeline. The fluidized bed cavity of the fluidized bed charging module is filled with first energy storage particles, and the fixed bed cavity of the fixed bed energy storage module is filled with second energy storage particles.

[0006] The fluidized bed charging module is used to exchange energy between the first energy storage particles after charging and the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipe.

[0007] The fixed-bed energy storage module is used to exchange energy between the second energy storage particle and the energy-carrying fluid working medium in order to store energy in the second energy storage particle.

[0008] The energy application module is used to receive the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed during the energy release period and to extract energy from the fluid working medium for application.

[0009] The energy storage system is also used to control the fixed bed energy storage module to charge or release energy based on the temperatures collected by the first thermometer and the second thermometer.

[0010] Optionally, the first fixed bed and the second fixed bed are detachable structures.

[0011] Optionally, a first valve is provided on the circulation pipeline between the fluidized bed energy charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module, a second valve is provided between the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed, a third valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the fluidized bed energy charging module, and a fourth valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the energy application module; the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are used to control the charging or discharging of the fixed bed energy storage module.

[0012] Optionally, when the fluidized bed energy charging module is a fluidized bed heating device, the first valve is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group, the first end of the second valve is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group, the second end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the first end of the third valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the second end is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed energy charging module, and the first end of the fourth valve is connected to the top of the second fixed bed, the second end is connected to the energy application module.

[0013] During the heat storage phase, if the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the first set value, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are controlled to be closed to stop heat storage; during the heat release phase, if the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the second set value, the fourth valve is controlled to be closed to stop heat release.

[0014] Optionally, when the fluidized bed energy charging module is a fluidized bed cooling device, the first valve is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group, the first end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group, the second end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the first end of the third valve is connected to the top of the second fixed bed, the second end is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed energy charging module, and the first end of the fourth valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the second end is connected to the energy application module.

[0015] During the cold storage phase, if the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the third set value, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are controlled to be closed to stop cold storage; during the cooling phase, if the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the fourth set value, the fourth valve is controlled to be closed to stop cooling.

[0016] Optionally, a first blower is provided on the pipe between the bottom of the fluidized bed heating device and the second fixed bed, and a fifth valve is provided on the pipe; a second blower is provided on the pipe between the third end of the first valve and the third end of the third valve; a third blower is provided on the pipe connecting the energy application module to the top of the second fixed bed and the bottom of the second fixed bed; a pipe is provided on the pipe connecting the energy application module to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module and the other side of the connection between the energy application module and the top of the second fixed bed, and a sixth valve is provided on the pipe;

[0017] The first blower is used to transport the heat-stored fluid working medium output from the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed heating device when the first and second ends of the third valve and the fifth valve are in the open state.

[0018] The second blower is used to transport the heat-stored fluid working medium output from the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed group when the second and third ends of the first valve are open and the first and third ends of the third valve are open.

[0019] The third blower is used to transport the fluid working medium, which has undergone heat exchange in the energy application module, to the second fixed bed when the fourth valve is in the open state.

[0020] Optionally, a first pump is provided on the pipe between the second end of the fourth valve and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device; a second pump is provided on the pipe between the third end of the fourth valve and the first fixed bed group; a third pump is provided on the pipe between the energy application module and the top of the second fixed bed on the other side connected to the second fixed bed; and a pipe is provided between the third end of the third valve and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device.

[0021] The first pump is used to transfer the fluid working medium that has been stored in the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed cooling device when the first and second ends of the third valve are in the open state.

[0022] The second pump is used to transfer the cooled fluid in the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed when the first end and the third end of the fourth valve are in the open state;

[0023] The third pump is used to transport the fluid working medium cooled by the energy application module to the second fixed bed when the second and third ends of the fourth valve are in the open state.

[0024] Optionally, the energy storage system includes a separator, which includes a first inlet, a first outlet at the bottom of the separator, and a second outlet at the top of the separator. The first inlet is connected to the top of the fluidized bed energy charging module, the first outlet is connected to the first energy storage particle filling area in the fluidized bed energy charging module, and the second outlet is connected to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module. The separator is used to filter the fluid working medium output from the fluidized bed energy charging module, return the filtered first energy storage particles to the fluidized bed energy charging module through the first outlet, and transport the filtered fluid working medium to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module through the second outlet.

[0025] Optionally, the fluidized bed energy charging device includes a fluidized bed, an air distribution plate in the inner cavity of the fluidized bed, and a heat insulation layer. A cavity is provided below the air distribution plate, and the cavity is filled with solid particles. The working temperature of the fixed particles is between -250°C and 3000°C.

[0026] An energy storage method, applied to the above-mentioned energy storage system, the method comprising:

[0027] The first energy storage particles, after being charged in the fluidized bed charging device, exchange energy with the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipeline.

[0028] The second energy storage particles in the first fixed bed group are used to exchange energy with the energy-carrying fluid working medium to store energy in the second energy storage particles; the heat-exchanged fluid working medium in the first fixed bed group is transported to the second fixed bed for energy exchange.

[0029] During the energy release process, the energy application module receives the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed and extracts energy from the fluid working medium for application.

[0030] The method further includes:

[0031] The target temperature collected by the first and second thermometers is obtained, and the fixed bed energy storage module is controlled to stop charging or start releasing energy based on the target temperature.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, a fluidized bed energy charging module is combined with a fixed bed energy storage module, and the fixed bed energy storage module is composed of multiple fixed beds connected in series or first in parallel and then in series, which can effectively improve energy storage efficiency. Furthermore, the use of multiple fixed beds for energy storage and release can meet the needs of long-term energy storage. At the same time, by monitoring the energy storage and release process of the second fixed bed through a first temperature meter and a second temperature meter, energy storage and release can be effectively controlled. Based on the above advantages, this energy storage system can meet the needs of continuous industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of parallel connection of fixed beds in a first fixed bed group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of fixed beds connected in series in a first fixed bed group according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of a thermal storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 1e This is a schematic diagram of a cold storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of another thermal storage system provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of another cold storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another energy storage method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In energy storage technology, the thermocline formed by the internal temperature gradient of a fixed bed enables stable and controllable energy storage / release processes. However, the energy storage efficiency continuously decreases with the number of energy storage / release cycles. Furthermore, the energy storage capacity of this technology is limited by the size of the equipment and site, making it difficult to apply to large-scale, cross-seasonal / regional energy storage / release scenarios.

[0045] Although fluidized beds can significantly enhance heat and mass transfer in the energy storage process, make the internal temperature of the bed more uniform, effectively improve energy storage efficiency, and reduce equipment size, the low operating gas velocity (gas volume) conditions of bubbling fluidized beds cannot meet the continuous and large-scale power generation and heating requirements of subsequent steam turbines, thus limiting their application in high-energy-consuming industries.

[0046] The energy storage system in this embodiment of the invention adopts a combination of fluidized bed and fixed bed, and stores and releases energy through the first and second energy storage particles filled in it. At the same time, the fixed bed energy storage module is set as a first fixed bed group composed of multiple fixed beds connected in series or parallel, and a second fixed bed connected in series with the first fixed bed group. This can improve the thermal storage efficiency of the energy storage system and realize long-term energy storage. In addition, based on the thermocline of the second fixed bed, a first temperature instrument located at the top of the second fixed bed and a second temperature instrument located at the bottom of the second fixed bed are used to effectively control the energy storage and release processes of the energy storage system, thereby adapting to the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0047] Reference Figure 1a The diagram shows a structural schematic of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The energy storage system includes a fluidized bed charging module 101, a fixed bed energy storage module 102, a circulation pipeline 103 connecting the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module, and an energy application module 104 connected to the fixed bed energy storage module 102.

[0048] The fluidized bed energy charging module 101 is a fluidized bed heating device or a fluidized bed cooling device. The fixed bed energy storage module includes a first fixed bed group 11 consisting of multiple fixed beds connected in series or in parallel, a second fixed bed 12 connected in series with the first fixed bed group 11, a first temperature instrument 13 located at the top of the second fixed bed, and a second temperature instrument 14 located at the bottom of the second fixed bed.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, one side of the first fixed bed group 11 is connected to the fluidized bed charging module 101, and the other side is connected to the second fixed bed 12. The fluidized bed charging module 101 transfers the fluid working medium to the first fixed bed group 11. After energy storage is completed in one or more fixed beds of the first fixed bed group 11, the fluid is output to the second fixed bed 12 for storage of excess energy.

[0050] The first fixed bed group includes multiple first fixed beds, which can be connected in series or in parallel. For example... Figure 1b The diagram shows a parallel connection of fixed beds in a first fixed bed group according to an embodiment of the present invention. The four fixed beds, from left to right, are fixed bed 1, fixed bed 2, fixed bed 3, and fixed bed 4. Fixed bed 1 and fixed bed 2 are connected in parallel and share the same inlet and outlet valves. Fixed bed 3 and fixed bed 4 are also connected in parallel and share the same inlet and outlet valves. The combination of fixed bed 1 and fixed bed 2, as well as the combination of fixed bed 3 and the other fixed beds, are connected in parallel. Furthermore, temperature gauges can be installed at the top and bottom of any of the parallel fixed beds to monitor temperature changes within each fixed bed, thereby achieving stable control of energy storage and release.

[0051] like Figure 1c The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a series connection of three fixed beds in a first fixed bed group according to an embodiment of the present invention. Temperature gauges can be placed at the same horizontal level as the fluid inlet of the first series-connected fixed bed and the outlet of the last series-connected fixed bed in the first fixed bed group. These temperature gauges are used to monitor temperature changes within the fixed beds, thereby enabling stable energy storage and release within the fixed beds.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first fixed bed and the second fixed bed are detachable structures. By making the fixed beds detachable, the fixed beds can be removed and stored after charging is complete, so that they can be used when needed. Moreover, they can be used across regions and seasons. Compared with the large fluidized beds that are not detachably connected in the prior art, the energy storage device in this embodiment of the present invention is more convenient.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the fluidized bed energy charging module 101 and the fixed bed energy storage module 102 can be connected by a circulation pipe, and a fluid working medium is passed through the circulation pipe. The fluidized bed cavity of the fluidized bed energy charging module is filled with first energy storage particles, and the fixed bed cavity of the fixed bed energy storage module is filled with second energy storage particles.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the first and second energy storage particles can be configured according to the type of fluidized bed charging module and the operating conditions of the energy storage system. The first and second energy storage particles can be selected as particles with a wide particle size distribution, and these particles can maintain a stable state at temperatures ranging from -250℃ to 3000℃, meaning they are resistant to both high and low temperatures. The energy storage type of the first and second energy storage particles is sensible heat energy storage, which achieves energy storage and transfer through energy exchange between the energy storage particles and the fluid working medium. Compared to latent heat energy storage, sensible heat storage has advantages such as low cost, no need for complex chemical reactions, and ease of control. Furthermore, the energy storage density of sensible heat materials mainly depends on their storage temperature difference; therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, using high / ultra-high temperature energy storage is expected to achieve a higher energy storage density than latent heat energy storage.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the material selected for the working fluid can be determined according to the characteristics of each module in the thermal storage system. Specifically, it is necessary to ensure that the working fluid remains stable at the operating temperature of the thermal storage system and does not react chemically with the first thermal storage particles and the second thermal storage particles. Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, air or other inert gases can be selected as the working fluid.

[0056] The functions of each structure in this embodiment of the invention are as follows:

[0057] The fluidized bed charging module in this embodiment of the invention can be used to exchange energy between the first energy storage particle after charging and the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipeline.

[0058] When the fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heating device, the working fluid can be introduced into the fluidized bed charging module in the following way: The energy storage system also includes a heat supply module, which generates heat to heat the first energy storage particles in the fluidized bed heating device. The heat from the heat supply module can include, but is not limited to, heat generated by electric heating devices such as resistance and electromagnetic induction, wind energy, solar energy, and energy sources such as green electricity, geothermal energy, and industrial waste heat generated by the system itself and other sources to heat the internal particles; wherein, the electric heating method can include, but is not limited to, any one of graphite electrode heating, silicon molybdenum heating, and infrared heating. When the heat supply module generates heat as an electric heating device, part of the heat supply module can be placed inside the fluidized bed cavity to ensure full contact with the first energy storage particles. When the fluidized bed cooling module is a fluidized bed cooling device, external cooling and internal cooling methods can be used to achieve cooling.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluidized bed energy storage device includes a fluidized bed, an air distribution plate inside the fluidized bed cavity, and a heat insulation layer. A cavity is provided below the air distribution plate, and the cavity is filled with solid particles, with the working temperature of the particles fixed between -250°C and 3000°C. The heat insulation layer is used to keep the fluidized bed warm, reducing heat exchange between the fluidized bed and the outside, thereby improving energy storage efficiency.

[0060] The fixed-bed energy storage module in this embodiment of the invention can be used to exchange energy with a second energy storage particle and an energy-carrying fluid working medium to store energy in the second energy storage particle;

[0061] Specifically, the energy-carrying fluid working medium can first enter multiple fixed beds of the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module. In the first fixed bed, through energy exchange between the second energy storage particles and the fluid working medium, some or all of the energy is stored in each fixed bed of the first fixed bed group. Then, the fluid working medium can be transported to the second fixed bed, where excess energy can be stored.

[0062] By combining the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in this embodiment of the invention, energy absorption efficiency can be improved through multiple energy transfers.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the materials of the second energy storage particles in each second fixed bed can be the same or different.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy application module is used to receive the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed during energy release and to extract energy from the fluid working medium for application.

[0065] Specifically, energy can be applied according to its type. For example, when the energy is thermal energy, it can be used to heat incoming cold water to obtain hot water or steam, which can then be used for heating or power generation. When the energy is cold energy, it can be converted into cold air by combining cold energy with the incoming fluid.

[0066] The energy storage system is also used to control the charging or discharging of the fixed-bed energy storage module based on the temperatures collected by the first and second thermometers.

[0067] Because a thermocline exists during heat or cold energy transfer in the fixed bed, installing a first temperature gauge and a second temperature gauge in the second fixed bed allows for the determination of the highest and lowest temperatures within the second fixed bed. This enables the determination of whether the fixed bed has completed charging or discharging. Consequently, the entire energy storage system can be precisely controlled, ensuring its stability during operation.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage system can be equipped with multiple valves on the circulation pipeline to effectively control the energy storage and heat release processes. Specifically, a first valve is provided on the circulation pipeline between the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module; a second valve is provided between the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed; a third valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the fluidized bed charging module; and a fourth valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the energy application module. The first, second, third, and fourth valves can be used to control the charging or discharging of the fixed bed energy storage module. In practical applications, the charging or discharging of the fixed bed energy storage module can be controlled by setting the on / off state of each valve.

[0069] When the fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heating device, refer to Figure 1d As shown, the first valve 15 is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group 11, the first end of the second valve 16 is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group 11, the second end of the second valve 16 is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed 12, the first end of the third valve 17 is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed 12, the second end is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module 101, the first end of the fourth valve 18 is connected to the top of the second fixed bed 12, and the second end is connected to the energy application module 104.

[0070] Furthermore, the energy storage system in this embodiment of the invention can also be used to control the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve to be closed to stop heat storage when the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the first set value during the heat storage stage; and to control the fourth valve to be closed to stop heat release when the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the second set value during the heat release stage.

[0071] Because a thermocline structure is formed inside the fixed bed during energy storage, the temperature gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. The first and second thermometers on the second fixed bed are set on the same horizontal line at the inlet and outlet. When the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the first set value, it can be determined that the multiple fixed beds in the first fixed bed group have been fully charged, and the charging process needs to be terminated. Therefore, the first, second, third, and fourth valves can be closed to stop the heat storage. During the heat release phase, as the fixed bed continuously releases heat, the temperature reading of the first thermometer gradually decreases. When the temperature reading is lower than the second set value, the fixed bed has finished releasing heat, and the fourth valve can be closed to stop the heat release, thus allowing the next round of charging and heat release process to begin.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, to improve the transport efficiency of the working fluid in the fluidized bed heating device, multiple blowers can be installed on the circulation pipeline, as shown in the following figure. Figure 1dA first blower 21 is installed on the pipe between the bottom of the fluidized bed heating device and the second fixed bed, and a fifth valve is installed on the pipe; a second blower 22 is installed on the pipe between the third end of the first valve and the third end of the third valve; a third blower 23 is installed on the pipe connecting the energy application module to the top of the second fixed bed and to the bottom of the second fixed bed; a pipe is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module on the other side of the energy application module connecting to the top of the second fixed bed, and a sixth valve is installed on the pipe.

[0073] The function of each blower in the energy storage system is as follows:

[0074] The first blower is used to transport the heat-stored fluid working medium output from the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed heating equipment when the first and second ends of the third valve and the fifth valve are open.

[0075] The second blower is used to transport the heat-stored working fluid output from the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed group when the second and third ends of the first valve are open and the first and third ends of the third valve are open.

[0076] The third blower is used to transport the fluid working medium, which has undergone heat exchange in the energy application module, to the second fixed bed when the fourth valve is in the open state.

[0077] In another embodiment of the present invention, the fluidized bed charging module can also serve as a fluidized bed cooling device, used to realize the cooling and decooling of the energy storage device. (See reference...) Figure 1e When the fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed cooling device, the first valve 15 is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group 11, the first end of the second valve 16 is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group 11, the second end of the second valve 16 is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed 12, the first end of the third valve 17 is connected to the top of the second fixed bed 12, the second end is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module 101, the first end of the fourth valve 18 is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed 12, and the second end is connected to the energy application module 104.

[0078] During the cold storage phase, if the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the third set value, the first, second, third, and fourth valves are closed to stop the cold storage. During the cooling phase, if the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the fourth set value, the fourth valve is closed to stop the cooling.

[0079] Because a thermocline structure can be formed inside the fixed bed during energy storage, the temperature gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet. The first and second thermometers on the second fixed bed are set at the same horizontal line at the outlet and inlet. When the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the third set value, it can be determined that the cold energy of multiple fixed beds in the first fixed bed group has been fully charged. At this time, the charging and cooling needs to be stopped. Therefore, the first, second, third, and fourth valves can be controlled to be closed to stop the cold storage. During the cooling phase, as the fixed bed continues to cool, the temperature reading of the second thermometer gradually increases. When the temperature reading is higher than the fourth set value, the fixed bed has finished cooling. Therefore, the fourth valve can be controlled to be closed to stop the cooling, and then the next round of charging and cooling process can be carried out.

[0080] It should be noted that the first set value, the second set value, the third set value, and the fourth set value in the embodiments of the present invention can be set according to the actual application scenario of the energy storage system, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose too many restrictions on this.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present invention, to improve the transport efficiency of the working fluid in the fluidized bed heating device, multiple pumps can be installed on the circulation pipeline. (Refer to...) Figure 1e A first pump 31 is installed on the pipe between the second end of the fourth valve 18 and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device 101; a second pump 32 is installed on the pipe between the third end of the fourth valve 18 and the first fixed bed group 11; a third pump 33 is installed on the pipe between the other side of the energy application module 104 connected to the second fixed bed 12 and the top of the second fixed bed 12; and a pipe is installed between the third end of the third valve and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device.

[0082] The function of each pump is as follows:

[0083] The first pump is used to transfer the cooled working fluid in the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed cooling equipment when the first and second ends of the third valve are open.

[0084] The second pump is used to transfer the cooled fluid in the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed when the first and third ends of the fourth valve are open.

[0085] The third pump is used to transport the fluid working medium, which has been cooled by the energy application module, to the second fixed bed when the second and third ends of the fourth valve are open.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy storage system includes a separator, which includes a first inlet, a first outlet at the bottom of the separator, and a second outlet at the top of the separator. The first inlet is connected to the top of the fluidized bed energy charging module, the first outlet is connected to the first energy storage particle filling area in the fluidized bed energy charging module, and the second outlet is connected to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module. The separator is used to filter the fluid working medium output from the fluidized bed energy charging module, return the filtered first energy storage particles to the fluidized bed energy charging module through the first outlet, and transport the filtered fluid working medium to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module through the second outlet.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, a fluidized bed energy charging module is combined with a fixed bed energy storage module, and the fixed bed energy storage module is composed of multiple fixed beds connected in series or first in parallel and then in series, which can effectively improve energy storage efficiency. When multiple fixed beds are used for energy storage and release, long-cycle energy storage requirements can be met. At the same time, the energy storage and release process of the second fixed bed is monitored by a first temperature instrument and a second temperature instrument, which can effectively control energy storage and release. Based on the above advantages, the energy storage system can meet the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0088] like Figure 2a The diagram illustrates a thermal storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a fluidized bed heating device, a small separator, energy storage device A (i.e., a first fixed bed group), energy storage device B (i.e., a second fixed bed), thermometer 2 (i.e., a first thermometer), thermometer 1 (i.e., a second thermometer), blower 1 (i.e., a first blower), blower 2 (i.e., a second blower), blower 3, and an energy application device. The energy application device includes a chilled water pump, a heat exchanger, a steam pressure reducing station, and a steam turbine generator set. The fluidized bed heating device may include a fluidized bed, a heater, an air distribution plate, and a thermal insulation layer.

[0089] The heat storage and release process based on the above energy storage structure is as follows:

[0090] Energy input: Close the energy release pipe, such as the fourth valve. The high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of the fluidized bed heating equipment transfers energy to energy storage devices A and B through the energy storage pipe. The low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device B is transported to the fluidized bed heating equipment by the fluid conveying device blower 1.

[0091] Energy storage: When the temperature reading of thermometer 1 is higher than the set temperature, the second valve between energy storage devices A and B is closed, the blower 1 stops running, and the energy input and output pipelines of energy storage devices A and B are cut off. For example, the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve are closed to keep energy storage devices A and B in a constant temperature state.

[0092] Energy Output: By closing the passage between the first and second ends of the first valve, the energy storage pipeline is closed. The second valve between energy storage devices A and B is opened, and blowers 2 and 3 are started. Blower 2 transports the low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device B to energy storage device A for energy exchange. The high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device A exchanges energy with energy storage device B, maintaining the stability of the thermocline layer in the bed of energy storage device B. The high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium in energy storage device B exchanges heat with the heat exchanger. The low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium in the heat exchanger is transported to energy storage device B by blower 3. When the temperature reading of thermometer 2 is lower than the set temperature, heat release stops, blowers 2 and 3 are turned off, and the energy release pipeline is closed by closing the fourth valve.

[0093] During the heat release process, the cold water pump provides cooling water to the heat exchanger. The cooling water is heated by the heat exchanger and generates steam. The steam is then fed into the steam pressure reduction station, and the high-temperature steam enters the steam turbine generator set to convert thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0094] like Figure 2b The diagram illustrates a cold storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The cold storage system includes: a fluidized bed cooling device, a small separator, energy storage device A, energy storage device B, thermometer 1, thermometer 2, pump 1 (i.e., the first pump), pump 2 (i.e., the second pump), and pump 3 (i.e., the third pump); the fluidized bed cooling device includes a fluidized bed, cooling pipes, and air distribution plates.

[0095] Energy input: Close the energy release pipe, i.e. close the fourth valve. The low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of the fluidized bed cooling equipment transfers energy to energy storage devices A and B through the energy storage pipe. The high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device B is transported to the fluidized bed cooling equipment through the fluid transport device pump 1.

[0096] Energy storage: When the temperature reading of thermometer 2 is lower than the set temperature, the valve between energy storage devices A and B is closed, pump 1 stops running, and the energy input and output pipelines of energy storage devices A and B are cut off, so that energy storage devices A and B are kept in a constant cooling state.

[0097] Energy output: Close the first valve of the energy storage pipeline, open the second valve between energy storage devices A and B, and start pumps 2 and 3. Pump 2 transports the high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device B to energy storage device A for energy exchange. The low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium of energy storage device A exchanges energy with energy storage device B to maintain the stability of the thermocline layer inside energy storage device B. When the temperature reading of thermometer 1 is higher than the set temperature, stop cooling, close pumps 2 and 3, and close the energy release pipeline by closing the fourth valve.

[0098] The low-temperature intermediate energy storage medium in energy storage device B exchanges heat with the heat exchanger, and the high-temperature intermediate energy storage medium in the heat exchanger is transported to energy storage device B by pump 3 for energy exchange.

[0099] Reference Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of an energy storage method according to an embodiment of the present invention, applied to an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes a fluidized bed charging module, a fixed bed energy storage module, an energy application module, and a circulation pipeline connecting the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module. The fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heating device or a fluidized bed cooling device. The fixed bed energy storage module includes a first fixed bed group consisting of multiple fixed beds connected in series or parallel, a second fixed bed connected in series with the first fixed bed group, a first temperature gauge located at the top of the second fixed bed, and a second temperature gauge located at the bottom of the second fixed bed. The second fixed bed is connected to the energy application module. A fluid working medium flows through the circulation pipeline. The fluidized bed cavity of the fluidized bed charging module is filled with first energy storage particles, and the fixed bed cavity of the fixed bed energy storage module is filled with second energy storage particles.

[0100] The fluidized bed charging module is used to exchange energy between the first energy storage particles after charging and the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipeline.

[0101] A fixed-bed energy storage module is used to exchange energy between a second energy storage particle and an energy-carrying fluid working medium in order to store energy in the second energy storage particle.

[0102] The energy application module is used to receive the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed during the energy release and to extract energy from the fluid working medium for application.

[0103] The energy storage system is also used to control the charging or discharging of the fixed-bed energy storage module based on the temperatures collected by the first and second thermometers.

[0104] The energy storage method based on the above energy storage system may specifically include the following steps:

[0105] Step 301: The first energy storage particles after being charged in the fluidized bed energy transfer device exchange energy with the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipeline.

[0106] Step 302: The second energy storage particles in the first fixed bed group are used to exchange energy with the energy-carrying fluid working medium to store energy in the second energy storage particles; the heat-exchanged fluid working medium in the first fixed bed group is transported to the second fixed bed for energy exchange.

[0107] Step 303: The energy application module is used to receive the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed during the energy release and to extract energy from the fluid working medium for application.

[0108] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy storage method further includes:

[0109] The target temperature is obtained from the first and second thermometers, and the fixed bed energy storage module is controlled to stop charging or start releasing energy based on the target temperature.

[0110] In this embodiment of the invention, a fluidized bed energy charging module is combined with a fixed bed energy storage module, and the fixed bed energy storage module is composed of multiple fixed beds connected in series or first in parallel and then in series, which can effectively improve energy storage efficiency. Moreover, the use of multiple fixed beds for energy storage and release can meet long-cycle requirements. At the same time, by monitoring the energy storage and release process of the second fixed bed through a first temperature meter and a second temperature meter, energy storage and release can be effectively controlled. Based on the above advantages, this energy storage system can meet the needs of continuous industrial production.

[0111] An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, which may include a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described energy storage method.

[0112] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-described energy storage method.

[0113] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0115] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0116] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0117] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0118] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0120] The above provides a detailed description of the energy storage system and energy storage method. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a fluidized bed charging module, a fixed bed energy storage module, an energy application module, and a circulation pipeline connecting the fluidized bed charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module. The fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed heating device or a fluidized bed cooling device. The fixed bed energy storage module includes a first fixed bed group consisting of multiple fixed beds connected in series or parallel, a second fixed bed connected in series with the first fixed bed group, a first temperature gauge located at the top of the second fixed bed, and a second temperature gauge located at the bottom of the second fixed bed. The second fixed bed is connected to the energy application module. A fluid working medium flows through the circulation pipeline. The fluidized bed cavity of the fluidized bed charging module is filled with first energy storage particles, and the fixed bed cavity of the fixed bed energy storage module is filled with second energy storage particles. The fluidized bed charging module is used to exchange energy between the first energy storage particles after charging and the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipe. The fixed-bed energy storage module is used to exchange energy between the second energy storage particle and the energy-carrying fluid working medium in order to store energy in the second energy storage particle. The energy application module is used to receive the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed during the energy release period and to extract energy from the fluid working medium for application. The energy storage system is also used to control the fixed bed energy storage module to charge or release energy based on the temperatures collected by the first thermometer and the second thermometer.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fixed bed and the second fixed bed are detachable structures.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first valve is provided on the circulation pipeline between the fluidized bed energy charging module and the fixed bed energy storage module; a second valve is provided between the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed; a third valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the fluidized bed energy charging module; and a fourth valve is provided between the second fixed bed and the energy application module. The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are used to control the charging or discharging of the fixed bed energy storage module.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the fluidized bed energy charging module is a fluidized bed heating device, the first valve is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group, the first end of the second valve is connected to the top of the first fixed bed group, the second end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the first end of the third valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the second end of the third valve is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed energy charging module, the first end of the fourth valve is connected to the top of the second fixed bed, and the second end of the fourth valve is connected to the energy application module. During the heat storage phase, if the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the first set value, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are controlled to be closed to stop heat storage; during the heat release phase, if the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the second set value, the fourth valve is controlled to be closed to stop heat release.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the fluidized bed charging module is a fluidized bed cooling device, the first valve is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group, the first end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the first fixed bed group, the second end of the second valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, the first end of the third valve is connected to the top of the second fixed bed, the second end of the third valve is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module, the first end of the fourth valve is connected to the bottom of the second fixed bed, and the second end of the fourth valve is connected to the energy application module. During the cold storage phase, if the temperature reading of the first thermometer is lower than the third set value, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are controlled to be closed to stop cold storage; during the cooling phase, if the temperature reading of the second thermometer is higher than the fourth set value, the fourth valve is controlled to be closed to stop cooling.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first blower is installed on the pipe between the bottom of the fluidized bed heating device and the second fixed bed, and a fifth valve is installed on the pipe; a second blower is installed on the pipe between the third end of the first valve and the third end of the third valve; a third blower is installed on the pipe connecting the energy application module to the top of the second fixed bed and the bottom of the second fixed bed; a sixth valve is installed on the pipe connecting the energy application module to the bottom of the fluidized bed charging module on the other side of the connection between the energy application module and the top of the second fixed bed. The first blower is used to transport the heat-stored fluid working medium output from the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed heating device when the first and second ends of the third valve and the fifth valve are in the open state. The second blower is used to transport the heat-stored fluid working medium output from the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed group when the second and third ends of the first valve are open and the first and third ends of the third valve are open. The third blower is used to transport the fluid working medium, which has undergone heat exchange in the energy application module, to the second fixed bed when the fourth valve is in the open state.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first pump is provided on the pipe between the second end of the third valve and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device; a second pump is provided on the pipe between the third end of the third valve and the first fixed bed group; a third pump is provided on the pipe between the energy application module and the top of the second fixed bed on the other side connected to the second fixed bed; and a pipe is provided between the third end of the fourth valve and the bottom of the fluidized bed cooling device. The first pump is used to transfer the fluid working medium that has been stored in the second fixed bed to the fluidized bed cooling device when the first and second ends of the third valve are in the open state. The second pump is used to transfer the cooled fluid in the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed when the first end and the third end of the third valve are in the open state; The third pump is used to transport the fluid working medium cooled by the energy application module to the second fixed bed when the first and third ends of the third valve are in the open state.

8. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a separator, which includes a first inlet, a first outlet at the bottom of the separator, and a second outlet at the top of the separator. The first inlet is connected to the top of the fluidized bed energy charging module, the first outlet is connected to the first energy storage particle filling area in the fluidized bed energy charging module, and the second outlet is connected to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module. The separator is used to filter the fluid working medium output from the fluidized bed energy charging module, return the filtered first energy storage particles to the fluidized bed energy charging module through the first outlet, and transport the filtered fluid working medium to the first fixed bed of the fixed bed energy storage module through the second outlet.

9. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The fluidized bed charging module includes a fluidized bed, an air distribution plate in the inner cavity of the fluidized bed, and a heat insulation layer. A cavity is provided below the air distribution plate, and the cavity is filled with solid particles. The working temperature of the solid particles is between -250℃ and 3000℃.

10. An energy storage method, characterized in that, The method, applied to the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprises: The first energy storage particle in the fluidized bed energy charging module exchanges energy with the introduced fluid working medium, so that the fluid working medium carries energy and enters the first fixed bed group and the second fixed bed in sequence through the circulation pipe; The second energy storage particles in the first fixed bed group are used to exchange energy with the energy-carrying fluid working medium to store energy in the second energy storage particles; the heat-exchanged fluid working medium in the first fixed bed group is transported to the second fixed bed for energy exchange. During the energy release process, the energy application module receives the fluid working medium delivered by the second fixed bed and extracts energy from the fluid working medium for application. The method further includes: The target temperature collected by the first and second thermometers is obtained, and the fixed bed energy storage module is controlled to stop charging or start releasing energy based on the target temperature.

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