Dual frequency beam scanning lens antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, comprising a feed source and a first transmission array, wherein the first transmission array has a plurality of high-frequency transmission units and a plurality of low-frequency transmission units which are alternately arranged; the low-frequency transmission unit comprises a low-frequency receiving patch, a low-frequency transmitting patch, a metal ground, a feeding network structure, a second metal through hole, a third metal through hole, a fourth metal through hole and a single-chip microcomputer; the low-frequency transmitting patch comprises a feeding part and a transmitting part on its periphery, wherein both ends of the feeding part are respectively connected to the transmitting part via PIN diodes facing the same direction; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the feeding network structure, and is used for controlling a high level or a low level to be input to each feeding part, so that only one PIN diode in the low-frequency transmission unit is in a conducting state; when different PIN diodes are in a conducting state, the low-frequency transmission unit can form two phase deflections with a phase difference of 180° for the radiated electromagnetic waves, so that the antenna has a beam scanning function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna. Background Art

[0002] As 5G commercialization gradually matures, the Internet of Everything is gradually becoming a reality. Compared with the 5G Sub-6 GHz band, the millimeter wave band has more abundant spectrum resources, four times the communication rate, larger communication capacity and smaller size, which makes it have infinite potential in products or fields such as high-resolution radar, guidance systems and satellite communications. Therefore, it is very important to design a high-gain, miniaturized, multi-mode antenna.

[0003] In current research, in order to achieve high-gain, multi-mode antennas, most solutions use parabolic antennas and directional antenna arrays. This solution has many problems: 1. Parabolic antennas achieve high gain by reflecting and focusing the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source through the parabola, but the processing of this type of antenna is often more complicated and the cost is relatively high, and the functions achieved are relatively single. 2. Directional antenna arrays achieve high gain by arranging multiple antenna units. The antenna processing is relatively simple and can achieve beam control by changing the current amplitude and phase of the units at different positions in the array. However, if more functions are to be achieved, the required feeding network will be more complicated and the energy loss will be greater, which cannot meet the requirements of miniaturization, low weight, and low cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, which can realize dual-frequency communication in a smaller size, improve spectrum efficiency, expand communication capacity, and also has a beam scanning function.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, including a feed source and a first transmission array, wherein the first transmission array has M×N high-frequency transmission units and m×n low-frequency transmission units arranged alternately; the high-frequency transmission unit includes: a high-frequency receiving patch, which is arranged on a side of a dielectric plate close to the feed source; a high-frequency transmitting patch, which is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate away from the feed source; a first metal through hole, which is arranged in the dielectric plate, and has two ends connecting the high-frequency receiving patch and the high-frequency transmitting patch; the low-frequency transmission unit includes: a low-frequency receiving patch, which is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate close to the feed source; a low-frequency transmitting patch, which is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate away from the feed source side, including a feeding part and an emitting part on its periphery, wherein the two ends of the feeding part are respectively connected to the emitting part via PIN diodes facing the same direction; a metal ground is arranged in the middle layer of the dielectric plate; a feeding network structure is arranged in the middle layer of the dielectric plate; a second metal through hole is arranged in the dielectric plate, and the two ends are respectively connected to the feeding network structure and the low-frequency receiving patch; a third metal through hole is arranged in the dielectric plate, and the two ends are respectively connected to the low-frequency receiving patch and the feeding part; a fourth metal through hole is arranged in the dielectric plate, and the two ends are respectively connected to the emitting part and the metal ground; a single-chip microcomputer is connected to the feeding network structure, and is used to control the input of a high level or a low level to each of the feeding parts.

[0006] As an implementation mode, when a high level is input to the feeding part, one of the PIN diodes is turned on, which is state one; when a low level is input to the feeding part, the other PIN diode is turned on, which is state two; in these two states, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency transmitting patch form a phase difference of 180°.

[0007] As an embodiment, the high-frequency transmitting patch is a rectangular patch having a U-shaped first groove in the middle. When the first groove faces the opposite first direction or second direction, the high-frequency transmitting patch forms a phase difference of 180° for the radiated electromagnetic waves.

[0008] As an implementation manner, the high-frequency receiving patch is a rectangular patch; the low-frequency receiving patch is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency receiving patch; and the low-frequency transmitting patch is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency transmitting patch.

[0009] As an embodiment, a U-shaped second groove is formed in the middle of the high-frequency receiving patch, and the direction of the second groove is the same as the first polarization direction, which is used to receive the first polarization signal of the high frequency and reflect the second polarization signal of the high frequency; a U-shaped third groove is formed in the middle of the low-frequency receiving patch, and the direction of the third groove is the same as the second polarization direction, which is used to receive the second polarization signal of the low frequency and reflect the first polarization signal of the low frequency; the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0010] As an embodiment, the antenna also includes: a second transmission array, arranged on the periphery of the feed source, on which a plurality of linear polarization conversion units are provided, for converting the received first polarization signal into a second polarization signal and reflecting it to the first transmission array, and converting the received second polarization signal into a first polarization signal and reflecting it to the first transmission array; wherein the feed source transmits a low-frequency first polarization signal to the first transmission array; and the feed source transmits a high-frequency second polarization signal to the first transmission array.

[0011] As an embodiment, the linear polarization conversion unit includes a "W"-shaped metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal reflector on the lower surface. The two ends of the metal patch are symmetrical arc structures, and the length direction of the metal patch has an angle of 45° with the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction.

[0012] As an implementation method, the phase shift values ​​required by each of the low-frequency transmission unit and the high-frequency transmission unit are The direction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave beam The following relationship exists: ; In the formula, x and y are index positions of the low-frequency transmission units and the high-frequency transmission units on the dielectric plate, is the wave number in free space, F is the focal length of the antenna, is the distance from each of the low-frequency transmission unit and the high-frequency transmission unit to the phase center of the feed source; when When the low-frequency transmission unit is in state 1, the first groove faces a first direction;

[0013] when or When the low-frequency transmission unit is in state two, the first groove faces the second direction.

[0014] As an implementation mode, the feeding network structure is arranged at a position of the metal ground away from the low-frequency transmitting patch.

[0015] As an embodiment, one end of the fourth metal via is connected to a point where the current of the emission part is minimum.

[0016] According to the above description and practice, the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna of the present invention alternately arranges the high-frequency transmission unit and the low-frequency transmission unit of the antenna on the dielectric plate, which can reduce the lateral size of the antenna and realize dual-frequency communication with a smaller size. In addition, the low-frequency transmitting patch is configured to be composed of a feeding part and a transmitting part on its periphery, and the two ends of the feeding part are respectively connected to the transmitting part via PIN diodes facing the same direction. By inputting a high level or a low level to the feeding part, only one of the two PIN diodes is turned on, so that the low-frequency transmitting patch can form a 180° phase difference for the radiated electromagnetic waves in these two states. When in use, the conduction of the two PIN diodes in each low-frequency transmitting patch is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, so that the antenna can realize a beam scanning function in the low-frequency part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna at two different viewing angles involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in the middle.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part C in the middle.

[0021] Figure 6 and Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of a single low-frequency transmission unit involved in one embodiment of the present invention at two different viewing angles.

[0022] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the decomposed structure of the local structure of the first transmission column involved in one embodiment of the present invention at two different viewing angles, which includes a complete low-frequency transmission unit and four complete high-frequency transmission units.

[0023] Fig.10 The figure is a schematic diagram of the transmission coefficient of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention when the feed source radiates X-polarized waves.

[0024] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission coefficient of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention when the feed source radiates Y-polarized waves.

[0025] Fig.12The diagram shows the phase responses of the high-frequency transmission unit and the low-frequency transmission unit in the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna in different states in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.13 This is a reflection performance diagram of the second transmission array in the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.14 4 is a gain diagram of a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.15a and Fig.15b 1 is a radiation pattern of a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna at 26 GHz and 40 GHz involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.16 This is a beam scanning diagram of a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna at low frequency involved in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0031] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted. It should be noted that in the present disclosure, the terms "including", "configured with", and "set in" are used to express the meaning of open-ended inclusion, and mean that in addition to the listed elements / components / etc., there may be other elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used as marks, and are not restrictions on the number or order of their objects; the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] In this embodiment, a dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna is disclosed. Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna includes a feed source 3 and a first transmission array 1. The first transmission array 1 has M×N high-frequency transmission units and m×n low-frequency transmission units that are alternately arranged. The feed source 3 transmits high-frequency signals and low-frequency signals to the first transmission array 1. Each transmission unit in the first transmission array 1 processes the high-frequency and low-frequency signals and radiates them externally.

[0034] Each high-frequency transmission unit and low-frequency transmission unit is fixed on the dielectric plate 4. The alternating arrangement of the two can arrange more transmission units on a smaller dielectric plate 4, which can reduce the lateral size of the antenna to a certain extent.

[0035] The high-frequency transmission unit includes a high-frequency receiving patch 11, a high-frequency transmitting patch 12 and a first metal through hole 21. The high-frequency receiving patch 11 is arranged on the side of the dielectric plate 4 close to the feed source 3, the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 is arranged on the side of the dielectric plate 4 away from the feed source 3, and the first metal through hole 21 is arranged in the dielectric plate 4, and its two ends are connected to the high-frequency receiving patch 11 and the high-frequency transmitting patch 12. Figure 6 As shown, there are four high-frequency transmission units on the periphery of a single low-frequency transmission unit. Figure 6 Only one quarter of the structure of each high-frequency transmission unit is shown. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and 6 It can be seen that the high-frequency receiving patch 11 is arranged on the lower side of the dielectric plate 4, and is used to receive the high-frequency signal emitted by the feed source 3, and transmit it to the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 on the upper side of the dielectric plate 4 through the first metal through hole 21 in the dielectric plate 4. The high-frequency transmitting patch 12 produces a preset phase shift for the signal, and finally radiates a high-frequency electromagnetic wave beam of the desired shape.

[0036] The low-frequency transmission unit includes a low-frequency receiving patch 13, a low-frequency transmitting patch 14, a metal ground 15, a feeding network structure 16, a second metal through hole 22, a third metal through hole 23, a fourth metal through hole 24 and a single chip microcomputer. Among them, the low-frequency receiving patch 13 is arranged on the side of the dielectric plate 4 close to the feed source 3; the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is arranged on the side of the dielectric plate 4 away from the feed source 3, including a feeding part 131 and a transmitting part 132 on its periphery, and the two ends of the feeding part 131 are respectively connected to the transmitting part 132 via PIN diodes 133 facing the same direction; the feeding network structure 16 is arranged in the middle layer of the dielectric plate 4; the second metal through hole 22 is arranged in the dielectric plate 4, and the two ends are respectively connected to the feeding network structure 16 and the low-frequency receiving patch 13; the third metal through hole 23 is arranged in the dielectric plate 4, and the two ends are respectively connected to the low-frequency receiving patch 13 and the feeding part 131; the fourth metal through hole 24 is arranged in the dielectric plate 4, and the two ends are respectively connected to the transmitting part 132 and the metal ground 15; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the feeding network structure 16, and is used to control the input of a high level or a low level to each feeding part 131.

[0037] Please combine Figure 6 and Figure 7 The low-frequency receiving patch 13 is arranged on the lower side of the dielectric plate 4, and is used to receive the low-frequency signal emitted by the feed source 3, and transmit it to the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 on the upper side of the dielectric plate 4 through the third metal through hole 23 in the dielectric plate 4, and the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 generates a preset phase shift on the signal, and finally radiates a low-frequency electromagnetic wave beam of the desired shape. The low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is a rectangular patch as a whole, and the middle part is hollowed out to be provided with a feeding part 131, and the peripheral part is a transmitting part 132. The feeding part 131 and the transmitting part 132 are connected through two PIN diodes 133 arranged in the same direction, and only one of the two PIN diodes 133 is in a conducting state at the same time.

[0038] For example, when the single chip microcomputer controls the feeding network structure 16 to input a high level to the feeding part 131, Figure 6 The PIN diode 133 on the left is turned on, and the PIN diode 133 on the right is turned off, which is state 1; when the single chip microcomputer controls the feeding network structure 16 to input a low level to the feeding part 131, Figure 6 The PIN diode 133 on the right side is turned on, and the PIN diode 133 on the left side is turned off, which is state 2. In the two states, the current directions on the transmitting part 132 are opposite, which will form a 180° phase difference for the radiated electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the single chip microcomputer can be used to control each low-frequency transmission unit to form two different phase shifts for the radiated electromagnetic waves. When m×n low-frequency transmission units form an array, the beam scanning function can be realized.

[0039] When the feeding network structure 16 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer to feed high and low levels to the feeding part 131, the direct current first reaches the low frequency receiving patch 13 from the feeding network structure 16 via the second metal through hole 22, and then reaches the feeding part 131 of the low frequency transmitting patch 14 via the third metal through hole 23, and then reaches the transmitting part 132 of the low frequency transmitting patch 14 via the PIN diode 133 on the left or right according to the level, and then reaches the metal ground 15 in the dielectric plate 4 via the fourth metal through hole 24.

[0040] The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna alternately arranges the high-frequency transmission unit and the low-frequency transmission unit of the antenna on the dielectric plate 4, which can reduce the lateral size of the antenna and realize dual-frequency communication with a smaller size. In addition, the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is configured to be composed of a feeding part 131 and a transmitting part 132 on its periphery, and the two ends of the feeding part 131 are respectively connected to the transmitting part 132 via PIN diodes 133 facing the same direction. By inputting a high level or a low level to the feeding part 131, only one of the two PIN diodes 133 is turned on, so that the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 can form a 180° phase difference for the radiated electromagnetic waves in these two states. When in use, the conduction of the two PIN diodes 133 in each low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, so that the antenna can realize a beam scanning function in the low-frequency part.

[0041] As an embodiment, the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 is a rectangular patch with a U-shaped first groove 31 in the middle. When the first groove 31 faces the opposite first direction or the second direction, the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 forms a 180° phase difference for the radiated electromagnetic waves. Figure 3 As shown, the first grooves 31 of some high-frequency patches face the first direction, and the first grooves 31 of some high-frequency patches face the second direction. By controlling the setting direction of each first groove 31 in the M×N high-frequency transmission units, the radiated high-frequency signal can form an electromagnetic wave beam of a specific angle, such as a focused electromagnetic wave beam or an electromagnetic wave beam deflected by a preset angle.

[0042] As an implementation mode, in this embodiment, the high-frequency receiving patch 11 is a rectangular patch, and the low-frequency receiving patch 13 is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency receiving patch 11, which can improve the isolation of the two receiving patches and reduce the coupling effect between the two. The low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency transmitting patch 12, which can also improve the isolation of the two transmitting patches and reduce the coupling effect between the two.

[0043] As an implementation method, Figure 5As shown, a U-shaped second groove 32 is formed in the middle of the high-frequency receiving patch 11, and the direction of the second groove 32 is the same as the first polarization direction, which is used to receive the high-frequency first polarization signal and reflect the high-frequency second polarization signal; a U-shaped third groove 33 is formed in the middle of the low-frequency receiving patch 13, and the direction of the third groove 33 is the same as the second polarization direction, which is used to receive the low-frequency second polarization signal and reflect the low-frequency first polarization signal; the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. This structural method enables each high-frequency transmission unit and low-frequency transmission unit in the first transmission array 1 to transmit electromagnetic waves of different polarization directions, respectively, and can reduce the coupling effect between high frequency and low frequency while realizing dual-polarization communication.

[0044] For example, the direction of the second groove 32 in the middle of the high-frequency receiving patch 11 is the same as the Y polarization direction, and the direction of the third groove 33 in the middle of the low-frequency receiving patch 13 is the same as the X polarization direction. Therefore, if the feed source 3 transmits a high-frequency Y polarized wave to the first transmission array 1, it will be transmitted to the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 by the high-frequency receiving patch 11, and after a set phase deflection is generated, a beam of a preset shape is formed; if the feed source 3 transmits a low-frequency X polarized wave to the first transmission array 1, it will be transmitted to the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 by the low-frequency receiving patch 13, and after a set phase deflection is generated, a beam of a preset shape is formed. During the entire working process, the high-frequency part and the low-frequency part of the antenna are respectively used to transmit electromagnetic waves of different polarization directions, which can reduce the coupling effect between high frequency and low frequency.

[0045] In other embodiments, the shapes of each transmitting patch and receiving patch can also be adjusted according to actual needs, which can also achieve the corresponding effect of transmitting specific polarization signals. For example, they can be changed into an annular patch or an arc patch, and a corresponding groove can be set in the middle.

[0046] In order to further reduce the external dimensions of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, in this embodiment, a second transmission array 2 is also provided. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the second transmission array 2 is arranged on the periphery of the feed source 3, and is provided with a plurality of linear polarization conversion units, which are used to convert the received first polarization signal into the second polarization signal and reflect it to the first transmission array 1, and convert the received second polarization signal into the first polarization signal and reflect it to the first transmission array 1. In other words, the second transmission array 2 operates in a broadband environment, and is capable of converting the high-frequency and low-frequency first polarization signals into the second polarization signals and then reflecting them, and converting the high-frequency and low-frequency second polarization signals into the first polarization signals and then reflecting them. In this structural form, the feed source 3 is configured to transmit a low-frequency first polarization signal to the first transmission array 1, and to transmit a high-frequency second polarization signal to the first transmission array 1.

[0047] Specifically, the low-frequency first polarization signal transmitted by the feed source 3 to the first transmission array 1 will be reflected to the second transmission array 2 after reaching the low-frequency receiving patch 13, and then converted into a low-frequency second polarization signal by the linear polarization conversion unit, and reflected back to the first transmission array 1, and transmitted to the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 by the low-frequency receiving patch 13, and after generating a set phase deflection, a low-frequency beam of a preset shape is formed. The high-frequency second polarization signal transmitted by the feed source 3 to the first transmission array 1 will be reflected to the second transmission array 2 after reaching the high-frequency receiving patch 11, and then converted into a high-frequency first polarization signal by the linear polarization conversion unit, and reflected back to the first transmission array 1, and transmitted to the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 by the high-frequency receiving patch 11, and after generating a set phase deflection, a high-frequency beam of a preset shape is formed.

[0048] By setting the polarization direction of the high-frequency signal and the low-frequency signal emitted by the second transmission array 2 and the feed source 3, the antenna can be formed into a folded reflection-transmission antenna. The signal emitted by the feed source 3 is reflected twice and then transmitted and deflected by the first transmission array 1. After extending the transmission path of the signal, the focal length of the antenna can be reduced. The focal length ratio is reduced by 2 / 3 compared with the traditional array antenna, which shortens the distance between the feed source 3 and the first transmission array 1, further reducing the external dimensions of the antenna to meet the design requirements of miniaturization.

[0049] In this embodiment, each linear polarization conversion unit includes a deformed "W"-shaped metal patch 17 on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 4 and a metal reflector on the lower surface. The two ends of the metal patch 17 are symmetrical arc structures, and the angle between the length direction of the metal patch 17 and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction is 45°. The linear polarization conversion unit can convert the first polarization wave and the second polarization wave in the high frequency and low frequency ranges, and has a high reflection efficiency.

[0050] In the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, the phase shift values ​​required for each low-frequency transmission unit and high-frequency transmission unit The direction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave beam There is a relationship as shown in formula (1):

[0051] (1)

[0052] In the formula, x and y are index positions of the low-frequency transmission units and the high-frequency transmission units on the dielectric plate 4, is the wave number in free space, F is the focal length of the antenna, is the distance from each low-frequency transmission unit and high-frequency transmission unit to the phase center of the feed source. According to this formula, and the required electromagnetic wave beam direction of each frequency band , it is possible to calculate the phase shift value that each low-frequency transmission unit and high-frequency transmission unit in the first transmission array 1 needs to form for the transmitted electromagnetic wave .

[0053] In addition, since the low-frequency transmission unit can achieve two phase shift values ​​with a phase difference of 180° for the electromagnetic wave by controlling the on and off of two PIN diodes therein; and since the high-frequency transmission unit can achieve two phase shift values ​​with a phase difference of 180° for the electromagnetic wave by setting the orientation of the first groove 31 therein.

[0054] when When the low-frequency transmission unit is in state 1, the first groove 31 faces the first direction;

[0055] when or When the low-frequency transmission unit is in state 2, the first groove 31 faces the second direction.

[0056] According to the above relationship, the real-time beam scanning of the low-frequency part can be realized by controlling each low-frequency transmission unit to be in state 1 or state 2 by the single chip microcomputer. By setting the orientation of the first groove 31 in each high-frequency transmission unit, the high-frequency part of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna can realize the desired shape of beam.

[0057] As an embodiment, the feed network structure 16 is disposed at a position of the metal ground 15 away from the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 to reduce the influence of the feed network structure 16 on each high-frequency transmitting patch 12 and the low-frequency transmitting patch 14. The feed network structure 16 is composed of a plurality of lines with a width of 0.1 mm, which can further reduce the influence on other transmitting patches.

[0058] Furthermore, one end of the fourth metal via 24 is connected to the point where the current of the emission part 132 is the smallest. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the upper ends of the two fourth metal through holes 24 are respectively connected to the two ends of the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 , which can reduce the impact on the radiation performance of the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 itself.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the first transmission array 1 is provided with two upper and lower dielectric plates 4 and a layer of bonding film 5. The dielectric plate 4 is an F-4B plate with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.003. The bonding film is a Rogers 5880 plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, from top to bottom, they are the upper dielectric plate 4, the bonding film 5 and the lower dielectric plate 4. The high-frequency transmitting patch 12 and the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 are arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 4, the metal ground 15 is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate 4, and the fourth metal through hole 24 is penetrated in the upper dielectric plate 4, and the two ends are respectively connected to the metal ground 15 and the low-frequency transmitting patch 14. The feeding network structure 16 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 4, and the high-frequency receiving patch 11 and the low-frequency receiving patch 13 are arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 4. The first metal through hole 21 is penetrated in the upper dielectric plate 4, the bonding film and the lower dielectric plate 4, and is insulated from the metal ground 15, and the two ends are respectively connected to the high-frequency receiving patch 11 and the high-frequency transmitting patch 12. The second metal through hole 22 is arranged in the lower dielectric plate 4, and the two ends are respectively connected to the feeding network structure 16 and the low-frequency receiving patch 13. The third metal through hole 23 is arranged in the upper dielectric plate 4, the bonding film and the lower dielectric plate 4, and is insulated from the metal ground 15, and the two ends are respectively connected to the low-frequency receiving patch 13 and the low-frequency transmitting patch 14. The single-chip microcomputer selects the FPGA control board whose main control chip is EP4CE10. The metal ground 15 is provided with concentric circle vias with an aperture larger than the above-mentioned metal through holes, which can achieve insulation from each metal through hole.

[0060] In this embodiment, M×N is 17×17, m×n is 16×16, the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 is a rectangular patch with a U-shaped first groove 31 in the middle, the high-frequency receiving patch 11 is a rectangular patch with a U-shaped second groove 32 in the middle, and the low-frequency receiving patch 13 is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency receiving patch 11 and with a U-shaped third groove 33 in the middle. The low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is a rectangular patch as a whole, and a feeding part 131 is provided after the middle part is hollowed out, and the peripheral part is a transmitting part 132. The feeding part 131 and the transmitting part 132 are connected through two PIN diodes 133 arranged in the same direction, and only one of the two PIN diodes 133 is in a conducting state at the same time. Through the feeding network structure 16, a DC current can be input into the feeding part 131, and combined with the single-chip microcomputer, it can control the input of a high level or a low level into each feeding part 131, thereby controlling the conduction of the two PIN diodes 133. The model of the PIN diode 133 is MACOM MADP-000907-14020W. Through the two PIN diodes 133 arranged in the same direction and the above control method, it is possible to ensure that one diode is connected and the other diode is open. This configuration of the PIN diode 133 can obtain a phenomenon in which the scattering parameter amplitude is almost symmetrical, especially for a 3-dB transmission bandwidth, there is a broadband constant phase shift between the two phase states. The above first polarization direction is the Y polarization direction, and the second polarization direction is the X polarization direction.

[0061] The second transmission array 2 is composed of 30×30 linear polarization conversion units, with a 1mm thick F-4B dielectric plate 4 in the middle, a dielectric constant of 2.65, and a loss tangent of 0.003. The lower surface of the dielectric plate 4 is a metal reflector, and the upper surface is a deformed "W" shaped metal patch 17 with an inclination angle of 45°. Fig.13 is the reflection coefficient and polarization conversion effect of the second transmission array 2 for electromagnetic waves under vertical incidence, where R xx This is the case where the polarization of the reflected wave corresponding to the X / Y polarized incident wave irradiating the second transmission array 2 remains unchanged. Similarly, R xy This is the case where the polarization mode of the reflected wave corresponding to the X / Y polarized incident wave irradiating the unit is rotated by 90°. It can be seen from the figure that the reflection coefficient is good in the 24-43 GHz frequency band, and the polarization conversion effect is good in the 23.69-26.8 GHz and 32.18-41.1 GHz frequency bands. It can also be seen from the figure that there is basically no reflected wave with unchanged polarization mode. That is, in the above frequency band, after the X-polarized wave is radiated to the second transmission array 2, it will be reflected back as a Y-polarized wave, and in the above frequency band, after the Y-polarized wave is radiated to the second transmission array 2, it will be reflected back as an X-polarized wave, and the reflection coefficient is good.

[0062] In this embodiment, the feed source 3 is a small and common standard rectangular waveguide WR-34 (21-33GHz) and WR-22 (32.9-50.1GHz). The gain of the feed source 3 can reach 7 dBi at 26 GHz and 6.5 dBi at 40 GHz, which has a high gain effect.

[0063] In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the PIN diode 133 on the transmission unit in the actual measurement, the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is modeled as a series of lumped RLC elements in the HFSS software and simulated and tested: for the PIN diode in the on state, R=7.82 and L=30 pH values ​​(bias voltage and current are 1.34 V and 10 mA, respectively); for the PIN diode in the off state, C=25 fF and L=30 pH values.

[0064] Fig.10 It shows that the transmission coefficient of the antenna for the electromagnetic in the X-polarization direction is almost the same in the above-mentioned state 1 and state 2, the transmittance is greater than -2 dB in the 24.5-27.5 GHz frequency band, and the transmittance is less than -12 dB at 37-43 GHz; Fig.11 It is shown that in the above state 1 and state 2, the electromagnetic transmission coefficient of the antenna in the Y polarization direction at 37-43 GHz is good. Therefore, the antenna can transmit Y polarization waves well in the high frequency part and X polarization waves well in the low frequency part.

[0065] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the phase response of the antenna when each transmission unit is in different states, and a schematic diagram of the phase shift values ​​generated by the high-frequency transmission unit and the low-frequency transmission unit for electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Among them, state 1_L and state 2_L refer to the situation when the PIN diode 133 in the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 is in the above-mentioned state 1 and state 2 respectively. It can be seen from the figure that in the 24.5-27.5 GHz frequency band, the low-frequency transmitting patch 14 in these two states can produce a phase shift value of 180° difference to the radiated electromagnetic waves. State 1_U and state 2_U refer to the situation when the first groove 31 in the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 points to the first direction and the second direction respectively. It can be seen from the figure that in the 37-43 GHz frequency band, the high-frequency transmitting patch 12 in these two states can produce a phase shift value of 180° difference to the radiated electromagnetic waves. It can be seen that the two high-frequency and low-frequency transmission patches can provide two radiation states with stable phase differences, ensuring that the antenna can achieve stable and wide frequency coverage.

[0066] Fig.14 Figure 2 is the gain diagram of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna. Its 3-dB gain bandwidth is 24-27.5 GHz (11.8%), 37-43 GHz (15%), and the peak gain is 17.8 dBi and 18.5 dBi.

[0067] Fig.15a and Fig.15b Figure 2 is the radiation pattern of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna at 26 GHz and 40 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the sidelobe suppression of the antenna at low frequency is greater than 12 dB, and the cross-polarization is less than -15 dB; the sidelobe suppression at high frequency is greater than 12.5 dB, and the cross-polarization is less than -12 dB.

[0068] Fig.16 The figure is a beam scanning diagram of the dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna at low frequency. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna can achieve ±60° beam scanning in the low frequency band (24-27.5 GHz). Compared with the traditional mechanical rotation antenna scanning, the beam scanning using PIN diode 133 has the advantages of instantaneousness and wide scanning angle.

[0069] The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna has the advantages of low profile, dual broadband and wide beam scanning angle, and is highly competitive in application scenarios such as miniaturization, large capacity, wide coverage and high resolution.

[0070] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna, characterized in that: It includes a feed source and a first transmission array, wherein the first transmission array has M×N high-frequency transmission units and m×n low-frequency transmission units that are alternately arranged; The high-frequency transmission unit comprises: A high-frequency receiving patch is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate close to the feed source; A high-frequency transmitting patch is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate away from the feed source; A first metal through hole is provided in the dielectric plate, and two ends of the first metal through hole are connected to the high-frequency receiving patch and the high-frequency transmitting patch; The low-frequency transmission unit comprises: A low-frequency receiving patch is provided on one side of the dielectric plate close to the feed source, and is a rectangular patch with a U-shaped third groove formed in the middle, wherein the direction of the third groove is the same as the second polarization direction, and is used to receive a low-frequency second polarization signal and reflect a low-frequency first polarization signal; A low-frequency transmitting patch is arranged on a side of the dielectric plate away from the feed source, and is a rectangular patch as a whole, including a feeding part in the middle and a transmitting part on the periphery thereof, and both ends of the feeding part are connected to the transmitting part via PIN diodes facing the same direction; Metal ground, located in the middle layer of the dielectric board; A feeding network structure is arranged in the middle layer of the dielectric plate and is located at a position of the metal ground away from the low-frequency transmitting patch; A second metal through hole is provided in the dielectric plate, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the feed network structure and the low-frequency receiving patch; A third metal through hole is provided in the dielectric plate, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the low-frequency receiving patch and the feeding part; A fourth metal through hole is provided in the dielectric plate, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the minimum current point of the emitting part and the metal ground; A single chip microcomputer is connected to the feeding network structure and is used for controlling the input of a high level or a low level to each of the feeding parts.

2. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a high level is input to the feeding part, one of the PIN diodes is turned on, which is state 1; When a low level is input to the feeding part, the other PIN diode is turned on, which is state 2; In these two states, the low-frequency transmitting patch forms a phase difference of 180° for the radiated electromagnetic waves.

3. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-frequency transmitting patch is a rectangular patch with a U-shaped first groove in the middle. When the first groove faces the opposite first direction or the second direction, the high-frequency transmitting patch forms a phase difference of 180° for the electromagnetic waves radiated.

4. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-frequency receiving patch is a rectangular patch; The low-frequency receiving patch is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency receiving patch; The low-frequency transmitting patch is a rectangular patch orthogonal to the high-frequency transmitting patch.

5. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: A U-shaped second groove is formed in the middle of the high-frequency receiving patch, and the direction of the second groove is the same as the first polarization direction, and is used to receive the high-frequency first polarization signal and reflect the high-frequency second polarization signal; The first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

6. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: The second transmission array is arranged at the periphery of the feed source, and is provided with a plurality of linear polarization conversion units, which are used to convert the received first polarization signal into the second polarization signal and reflect it to the first transmission array, and convert the received second polarization signal into the first polarization signal and reflect it to the first transmission array; wherein, The feed source transmits a low-frequency first polarization signal to the first transmission array; The feed source transmits a high-frequency second polarization signal to the first transmission array.

7. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The linear polarization conversion unit includes a "W"-shaped metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric plate and a metal reflector on the lower surface. The two ends of the metal patch are symmetrical arc structures, and the angle between the length direction of the metal patch and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction is 45°.

8. The dual-frequency beam scanning lens antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phase shift values ​​required by each of the low-frequency transmission unit and the high-frequency transmission unit The direction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave beam The following relationship exists: In the formula, x and y are index positions of the low-frequency transmission units and the high-frequency transmission units on the dielectric plate, is the wave number in free space, F is the focal length of the antenna, is the distance from each of the low-frequency transmission unit and the high-frequency transmission unit to the phase center of the feed source; when When , the low-frequency transmission unit is in state 1, and the first groove faces the first direction; when When the low-frequency transmission unit is in state two, the first groove faces the second direction.

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