Tube flow control for endoscope systems

Abstract

Medical devices and methods of using medical devices are disclosed. The invention discloses an example fluid reservoir and a tube set. The example fluid reservoir and the tube set are arranged and configured to be coupled to an endoscope for endoscopic surgery. An example fluid reservoir and tube stack includes a fluid reservoir, a fluid supply tube, and a first backflow prevention mechanism; an endoscope system includes a fluid reservoir configured to contain a fluid, a fluid supply tube configured to be coupled to the endoscope and having a lumen extending therethrough, where the lumen is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, and a first backflow prevention mechanism coupled to the fluid supply tube, the first anti-backflow mechanism is configured to allow fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir through the fluid supply tube to the endoscope and to prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube to flow back to the fluid reservoir.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 355,546, filed on June 24, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to medical fluid containers, tubing assemblies, and related methods for fluid delivery, and particularly to tubing and tubing assemblies that include an anti-backflow mechanism designed to prevent backflow of fluid from an endoscope into a fluid reservoir. Background of the Invention

[0003] Conventional endoscopic devices have been widely used to perform diagnostic and / or therapeutic treatments. Such endoscopic devices can be configured to supply fluid to the end of the endoscope for gas injection into the patient's body at the target site or cleaning the endoscope's lens. For example, lens cleaning and irrigating fluids provide a liquid (such as sterile water) at a relatively high pressure to spray the camera lens or target tissue and remove debris from it. The water source for lens cleaning and irrigating generally includes one or more fluid reservoirs with pipes and cover assemblies, which are connected to endoscope channels and valves to form a pipeline loop to achieve the desired gas and water functions. Such pipes and cover assemblies are available in various configurations, which generally include water bottles, covers suitable for specific bottles, and arrays of pipes that can extend through openings in the cover. The pipes are generally arranged to adapt to the specific configuration of endoscope accessories and valves. It is with these factors in mind that the improvements disclosed herein can be useful. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present disclosure provides designs, materials, manufacturing methods, and alternative uses of medical devices. An example fluid reservoir and tube set is arranged and configured to be connected to an endoscope for endoscopic surgery; the fluid reservoir and tube set include a fluid reservoir, a fluid supply tube, and a first anti-backflow mechanism, the fluid reservoir is configured to contain a fluid; the fluid supply tube is configured to be connected to the endoscope and has a lumen extending therethrough, wherein the lumen is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir; the first anti-backflow mechanism is connected to the fluid supply tube, the first anti-backflow mechanism is configured to allow fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir through the fluid supply line to the endoscope and prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube back to the fluid reservoir.

[0005] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, wherein the fluid supply tube is configured to allow fluid to flow from the reservoir to a lens of the endoscope.

[0006] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism comprises a portion of the fluid supply tube, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube is configured to transition between a radially closed configuration and a radially open configuration.

[0007] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein when in the closed configuration, the portion of the supply tube is configured to prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube to the reservoir.

[0008] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, a gas supply tube is also included, which includes a first end and a second end, the first end is configured to be connected to a gas pump and the second end is located within the reservoir, and wherein the gas supply tube is configured to allow gas to flow into the reservoir and pressurize the fluid in the reservoir.

[0009] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube is configured to transition from the closed configuration to the open configuration in response to pressurized fluid flowing through the fluid supply tube.

[0010] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube comprises a generally elongated cross-sectional shape in the closed configuration.

[0011] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube comprises a generally circular cross-sectional shape in the closed configuration.

[0012] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism comprises a section of elastic material.

[0013] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism includes a clamp positioned adjacent to the fluid supply tube.

[0014] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, wherein the clamp is configured to squeeze the fluid supply tube to prevent flow from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube back into the fluid reservoir.

[0015] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, wherein the clamp is configured to open in response to pressurized fluid flowing through the fluid supply tube.

[0016] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, wherein the clamp is attached to the fluid reservoir.

[0017] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, further comprising an irrigation supply tube comprising a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending therethrough, the lumen of the irrigation supply tube being in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir.

[0018] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, a second backflow prevention mechanism is also included that is connected to the irrigation supply tube, and the second backflow prevention mechanism is configured to allow fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir through the irrigation supply tube to the endoscope, and prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the irrigation supply tube back to the fluid reservoir.

[0019] Another example fluid reservoir and tube set is arranged and configured to be connected to an endoscope for endoscopic surgery, the fluid reservoir and tube set include a fluid reservoir, a fluid supply tube, the fluid reservoir is configured to contain a fluid, the fluid supply tube is configured to be connected to the endoscope and has a lumen extending through it, wherein the lumen is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and the gas supply tube. In addition, the gas supply tube includes a first end and a second end, the first end is configured to be connected to a gas pump, the second end of the gas supply tube is located in the reservoir, wherein the gas supply tube is configured to allow gas to flow into the reservoir and pressurize the fluid in the reservoir. In addition, the fluid reservoir and tube set include a gas flow regulator connected to the gas supply tube.

[0020] Alternatively or in addition to any of the above embodiments, wherein the gas flow regulator is configured to prevent backflow of gas to the gas pump to maintain a minimum gas pressure in the fluid reservoir.

[0021] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the gas flow regulator comprises a check valve.

[0022] Another fluid reservoir and tube set arranged and configured to be coupled to an endoscope for endoscopic surgery includes a fluid reservoir, a fluid supply tube, the fluid reservoir being configured to contain a fluid, the fluid supply tube being configured to be coupled to the endoscope and having a lumen extending therethrough, wherein the lumen is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, wherein the lumen of the fluid supply tube is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, wherein the fluid supply tube includes an undulating region.

[0023] Alternatively or in addition to any of the embodiments above, wherein the fluid supply tube is folded back upon itself to form the undulating region.

[0024] The above summary of some embodiments is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The following figures and detailed description will more particularly illustrate these embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present disclosure may be more fully understood upon consideration of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 The components of an endoscope are shown;

[0027] Figure 2 The components of an endoscope system are shown;

[0028] Figure 3A An endoscope system is shown wherein the system is enabled to deliver air to an atmospheric environment;

[0029] Figure 3B Shows Figure 3A an endoscope system, wherein the system is enabled to deliver air to a patient through a patient end of the endoscope;

[0030] Figure 3C Shows Figure 3A an endoscope system, wherein the system is enabled to deliver a lens cleaning fluid through a patient end of the endoscope;

[0031] Figure 3D Shows Figure 3A an endoscope system of claim 1, wherein the system is enabled to deliver an irrigation fluid through a patient end of the endoscope;

[0032] Figure 4 A portion of an endoscope system is shown, the endoscope system including a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto;

[0033] Figure 5A Shown is a view taken along line 5-5. Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a tube;

[0034] Figure 5B Shown is a view taken along line 5-5. Figure 4 Another cross-sectional view of the tube;

[0035] Figure 6 Shows Figure 4 a container and a plurality of tubes, whereby gases and fluids pass through the one or more tubes;

[0036] Figure 7 Shown is a view taken along line 7-7. Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a tube;

[0037] Figure 8 A portion of another endoscope system is shown that includes a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto.

[0038] Fig. 9 Shows Figure 8 a container and a plurality of tubes, whereby gases and fluids pass through the one or more tubes;

[0039] Fig.10 A portion of another endoscope system is shown, the other endoscope system comprising a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto, whereby one of the tubes comprises a Tesla valve.

[0040] Fig.11A shows the flow through Fig.10The tube of the Tesla valve is filled with fluid.

[0041] Fig. 11B Shows the prevention of Fig.10 The tube of the Tesla valve flows back the fluid.

[0042] Fig.12 A portion of another endoscope system is shown, the other endoscope system including a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto;

[0043] Fig.13 Shows Fig.12 a container and a plurality of tubes, whereby gases and fluids pass through the one or more tubes;

[0044] Fig.14 showing a portion of another endoscope system including a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto, wherein the endoscope system includes a siphon breaker coupled to one of the plurality of tubes;

[0045] Fig.15 shows a portion of another endoscope system including a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto, wherein the endoscope system includes a gas flow regulator coupled to one of the plurality of tubes;

[0046] Fig.16 Shows Fig.15 A container and a plurality of tubes, wherein the gas is prevented from returning through Fig.15 Air flow regulator;

[0047] Fig.17 A portion of another endoscope system is shown, the other endoscope system including a container and a plurality of tubes coupled thereto, wherein one of the tubes includes an S-bend;

[0048] Fig.18 An endoscope and a tube coupled thereto are shown, wherein the tube includes an S-bend;

[0049] Fig.19 A flowchart illustrating an example method;

[0050] Fig. 20 A flowchart illustrating an example method;

[0051] Fig.21 is a flow chart illustrating an example method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present disclosure is now described with reference to an exemplary medical system that can be used for endoscopic medical procedures. However, it should be noted that reference to this particular procedure is provided for convenience purposes only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the basic concepts of the disclosed apparatus and related methods of use can be used for any suitable procedure, medical or otherwise. The present disclosure may be understood with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which similar elements are referred to by the same reference numerals.

[0053] Where possible, the same or similar reference numerals will be used in the accompanying drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. When the device is introduced into the patient, the term "distal" refers to the part farthest from the user. In contrast, when the device is placed in the patient, the term "proximal" refers to the part closest to the user. As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that processes, methods, articles or devices including a list of elements not only necessarily include these elements, but may also include other elements that are not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, articles or devices. The term "exemplary" is used in the sense of "example" rather than "ideal". In addition, as used herein, the terms "about", "approximately" and "substantially" indicate a numerical range of + / -10% of the numerical value described or implied. In addition, the terms indicating the geometric shape of the component / surface refer to the precise and approximate shape.

[0054] Although embodiments of the present disclosure are described with specific reference to a bottle (e.g., container, reservoir, etc.) and tube assembly or group, it should be understood that such embodiments can be used to supply fluid and / or gas to an endoscope for a variety of different purposes, including, for example, to facilitate patient insufflation, lens cleaning, and / or lavage of the working channel to assist in flushing / aspiration of debris during endoscopic surgery.

[0055] Although the present disclosure includes descriptions of bottles and tube sets suitable for use with endoscopic systems to supply fluids and / or gases to an endoscope, the devices, systems, and methods herein may be implemented in other medical systems requiring fluid and / or gas delivery and for a variety of other purposes.

[0056] It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc. indicate that the described embodiments may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but each embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with one embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that such feature, structure, or characteristic works in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described), unless explicitly stated to the contrary. That is, the various individual elements described below, even if not explicitly shown in a particular combination, are contemplated to be combinable with each other or to be arranged to form other additional embodiments or to supplement and / or enrich the described embodiments, as those skilled in the art will understand.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 to Figure 2 , shows an exemplary endoscope 100 and endoscope system 200, which may include an elongated shaft 100a inserted into a patient's body. A light source 205 supplies illumination light to a distal portion 100b of the endoscope 100, which may house an imager (e.g., a CCD or CMOS imager) (not shown). The light source 205 (e.g., a lamp) is housed in a video processing unit 210, which processes the signal input from the imager and outputs the processed video signal to a video monitor (not shown) for viewing. By housing a pressurizing pump 215 (such as an air or gas supply pump) in the video processing unit 210, the unit also serves as a component of an air / water supply circuit.

[0058] The endoscope shaft 100a may include a distal tip 100c disposed at a distal portion 100b of the shaft 100a, and a flexible curved portion 105 proximal to the distal tip 100c. The flexible curved portion 105 may include an articulated joint (not shown) to assist in steering the distal tip 100c. A gas / lens cleaning nozzle 220 is located on the end face 100d of the distal tip of the endoscope 100 for supplying gas to insufflate the patient at the treatment area, and for supplying water to clean the lens covering the imager. An irrigation opening 225 in the end face 100d supplies irrigation fluid to the patient's treatment area. An illumination window (not shown) for transmitting illumination light to the treatment area, and an opening 230 leading to a working channel 235 extending along the shaft 100a for delivering tools to the treatment area may also be included on the end face 100d of the distal tip 100c. The working channel 235 extends along the shaft 100a to the proximal channel opening 110, which is located distally of the operating handle 115 of the endoscope 100. The biopsy valve 120 may be used to seal the channel opening 110 to prevent accidental fluid outflow.

[0059] The operating handle 115 may be provided with a knob 125 for providing remote 4-way steering of the distal end via a wire (e.g., one knob controls up and down steering, and another knob controls left and right steering), which is connected to an articulated joint in the bendable flexible portion 105. A plurality of video switches 130 for remotely operating the video processing unit 210 may be arranged on the proximal side of the handle 115. In addition, the handle 115 is provided with a dual valve well 135. One of the valve wells 135 may receive a gas / water valve 140 for operating injection gas and lens water supply operations. The gas supply line 240a and the lens cleaning supply line 245a travel distally from the gas / water valve 140 along the axis 100a and merge at the distal end 100c proximal to the gas / cleaning nozzle 220 ( Figure 2 ). Another valve well 135 receives the suction valve 145 for operating the suction operation. The suction supply line 250a runs distally from the suction valve 145 along the shaft 100a to a junction point that is in fluid communication with the working channel 235 of the endoscope 100.

[0060] The operating handle 115 is electrically and fluidly connected to the video processing unit 210 (via a flexible umbilical cord 260 and a connector portion 265 extending therebetween). The flexible umbilical cord 260 has a gas (e.g., air or CO2) supply line 240b, a lens cleaning supply line 245b, a suction supply line 250b, an irrigation supply line 255b, a light guide (not shown), and an electrical signal cable (not shown). When inserted into the video processing unit 210, the connector portion 265 connects the light source 205 in the video processing unit to the light guide. The light guide travels along the length of the endoscope shaft 100a and the umbilical cord 260 to transmit light to the distal end 100c of the endoscope 100. When inserted into the video processing unit 210, the connector portion 265 also connects the air pump 215 to the gas supply line 240b in the umbilical cord 260.

[0061] A fluid container or reservoir 270 (e.g., a water bottle) is fluidly connected to the endoscope 100 via the connector portion 265 and the umbilical cord 260. A length of gas supply tubing 240c runs from one end located in an air gap 275 between a cap 280 (e.g., a bottle cap) of the reservoir 270 and remaining water 285 in the reservoir 270 to a removable gas / lens wash connection 290 on the outside of the connector portion 265. The gas supply line 240b of the umbilical cord 260 branches in the connector portion 265 to fluidly communicate with the gas supply tubing 240c and the air pump 215 at the removable gas / lens wash connection 290. A length of lens wash tubing 245c, one end of which is located at the bottom of the reservoir 270, passes through the cap 280 of the reservoir 270 to the same removable connection 290 as the gas supply tubing 240c on the connector portion 265. In other embodiments, the connections may be separate and / or separable from each other. The connector portion 265 also has a detachable irrigation connection 293 for an irrigation supply conduit (not shown) that travels from an irrigation water source (not shown) to an irrigation supply line 255b in the umbilicus 260. In some embodiments, irrigation water is supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 270 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump). In other embodiments, the irrigation supply conduit and the lens cleaning conduit 245c may obtain water from the same reservoir. The connector portion 265 may also include a detachable suction connection 295 of the suction supply line 250b and the suction supply line 250a, which fluidly connects a vacuum source (e.g., a hospital suction facility) (not shown) to the umbilical cord 260 and the endoscope 100.

[0062] The gas supply line 240b and the lens wash supply line 245b are fluidly connected to the valve well 135 of the gas / water valve 140 and are configured such that operation of the gas / water valve in the well controls the supply of gas or lens wash to the distal tip 100c of the endoscope 100. The suction supply line 250b is fluidly connected to the valve well 135 of the suction valve 145 and is configured such that operation of the suction valve in the well controls the suction force applied to the working channel 235 of the endoscope 100.

[0063] refer to Figure 2, explains an exemplary operation of an endoscope system 200 that includes an endoscope, such as endoscope 100 above. Air from an air pump 215 in a video processing unit 210 flows through a connection portion 265 and branches through a gas supply line 240b in an umbilical cord 260 to a gas / water valve 140 on an operating handle 115, and branches through a gas supply conduit 240c to a water reservoir 270 via a connection 290 on the connector portion 265. When the gas / water valve 140 is in an intermediate position, air is allowed to flow out of the valve to the atmosphere without a user's finger being on the valve. In a first position, a user's finger is used to block the vent to the atmosphere. Gas is allowed to flow downward from the valve 140 through a gas supply line 240a and out of the distal tip 100c of the endoscope 100 to, for example, insufflate a treatment area of ​​a patient. When the gas / water valve 140 is pressed downward to the second position, gas is blocked from exiting the valve, thereby allowing the pressure of air delivered from the air pump 215 to rise in the water reservoir 270. The pressurization of the water source forces water to exit the lens wash conduit 245c, through the connector portion 265, the umbilical cord 260, through the gas / water valve 140, and along the lens wash supply line 245a to join the gas supply line 240a before exiting the distal tip 100c of the endoscope 100 via the gas / lens wash nozzle 220. The air pump pressure may be calibrated to provide lens wash water at a lower flow rate than the supplied irrigation water.

[0064] The flow rate flow of the lens wash is controlled by the air pressure in the water reservoir 270. When the air pressure in the water reservoir 270 begins to drop as the water is pushed out of the reservoir 270 through the lens wash conduit 245c, the air pump 215 replenishes the lost air supply in the reservoir 270 to maintain a generally constant pressure, which in turn provides a generally constant lens wash flow rate. In some embodiments, a filter (not shown) may be placed in the path of the gas supply conduit 240c to filter out undesirable contaminants or particles that enter the water reservoir 270. As discussed in more detail below, an outflow check valve, one-way valve, or backflow prevention mechanism may be placed in the path of the lens wash supply conduit (or other conduits of the system 200, 300) to help prevent water from flowing back into the reservoir 270 after passing through the valve.

[0065] Compared to lens cleaning, irrigation water generally requires a higher flow rate because the primary purpose is to clear debris from the treatment area in the patient's body that obstructs the user's view. Irrigation is generally achieved using a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump), as described. In an embodiment with an independent water source for irrigation, a pipe placed at the bottom of the water source passes through the cover of the water source and through the head on the upstream side of the pump. The pipe on the downstream side of the pump is connected to the irrigation supply line 255b in the umbilical cord 260 and the irrigation supply line 255a of the endoscope 100 via the irrigation connection 293 on the connector portion 265. When irrigation water is needed, the fluid is pumped from the water source by operating the irrigation pump (such as by pressing a foot switch (not shown)) and flows through the irrigation connection 293, through the irrigation supply line 255b in the umbilical cord, and along the irrigation supply line in the shaft 100a of the endoscope to the distal end 100c. To equalize the pressure in the water source as the water is pumped out of the irrigation supply line, a vent (not shown) may be included in the cap 280 of the water reservoir 270. The vent allows atmospheric air to enter the water source, preventing negative pressure from forming in the water source, which could create a vacuum that would draw unwanted material from the patient back through the endoscope into the water source. In some embodiments, an outflow check valve, one-way valve, or backflow prevention mechanism (similar to the lens wash line 245c) may be placed in the path of the irrigation supply line to help prevent backflow into the reservoir after the water has passed through the valve.

[0066] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of one embodiment of a hybrid system 300 in which supply lines for irrigation and lens cleaning are connected to a single water reservoir and draw water therefrom. The hybrid system 300 includes a single water reservoir 305, a cover 310 for the reservoir, a gas supply line 240c, a lens cleaning supply line 245c, an irrigation pump 315 (with a foot switch 318), an upstream irrigation line 320, and a downstream irrigation supply line 255c. The cover 310 may be configured to be attached to the water reservoir 305 in a tightly sealed manner by a typical threaded arrangement. The cover 310 may include a gasket to seal the cover 310 to the reservoir 305. The gasket may be an O-ring, a flange, a collar, etc., and may be formed of any suitable material. A plurality of through holes (325a, 325b, 325c) in the cover 310 are provided to receive the gas supply line 240c, the lens cleaning supply line 245c, and the upstream irrigation supply line 320, respectively. In FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D In the description, the system includes separate lines for gas supply, lens cleaning and priming.

[0067] exist FIG. 3A to FIG. 3DDuring operation of the system, the flow of water for irrigation can be achieved by operating the irrigation pump 315. The flow of water for lens washing can be achieved by pressing the gas / water valve 140 on the operating handle 115 of the endoscope 100. These functions can be performed independently of each other or simultaneously. When operating lens washing and irrigation simultaneously, as fluid is removed from the water reservoir 270, 305, the pressure in the system can be controlled to maintain the lens washing supply line 245c approximately at the pressure required to achieve a lower flow rate lens washing, while compensating for the reduced pressure in the water reservoir 270, 305 due to the supply of high flow rate irrigation. When the pressure in the water reservoir is reduced by using the lens washing function, the irrigation function, or both functions simultaneously, the reduced pressure can be compensated by the air pump 215 via the gas supply line 240c.

[0068] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D The schematic arrangement of has been highlighted to illustrate the different flow paths that a hybrid system 300 may have, with supply lines for priming 320 and lens washing 240c connected to and drawing water from a single water reservoir 305. Figure 3A As shown, the endoscope 100 is in a neutral state with the gas / water valve 140 in an open position. The neutral state delivers no gas or lens wash to the distal tip of the endoscope. Instead, gas (pressure) is delivered from the pressurized air pump 215 along path A and through the gas supply line 240b in the umbilical 260 via the connector portion 265 and exhausted to the atmosphere through the gas / water valve. Because the system is open at the vent of the gas / water valve 140, there is no accumulation to pressurize the water reservoir 305 and therefore no water is pushed through the lens wash supply line 245c.

[0069] like Figure 3B As shown, the endoscope 100 is in a gas delivery state with the gas / water valve 140 in the first position. When gas is needed at the distal tip 100c, for example to clean the end face 100d of the distal tip or to insufflate the patient's body in the treatment area, the user closes the vent (first position) in the gas / water valve 140 with a thumb, finger, etc. In this state, gas (pressure) is delivered from the air pump 215 along path B and flows through the gas supply line 240b in the umbilical cord 260 via the connector portion 265. Gas continues to flow through the gas / water valve 140 to the gas supply line 240a in the endoscope shaft 100a and out of the gas / lens wash nozzle 220 at the distal tip 100c. Because the system is open at the gas / lens wash nozzle 220, there is no accumulation of pressurized water reservoir, and therefore no water is pushed through the lens wash supply line 245c.

[0070] like Figure 3C100 is shown in the endoscope 100 in a lens wash delivery state with the gas / water valve 140 in the second position. When lens wash is required at the distal tip 100c, for example to clean the end face 100d of the distal tip 100c, the user (keeping the vent in the air / water valve closed) presses the valve 140 to its furthest point in the valve well 135. The second position shuts off the gas supply to both the atmosphere and the gas supply line 240a in the endoscope, and opens the gas / water valve 140 to allow lens wash water to pass to the lens wash supply line 245a in the endoscope shaft 100a and out of the gas / lens wash nozzle 220 at the distal tip 100c. In this state, gas (pressure) is delivered from the air pump 215 along path C and through the branch line in the connector portion 265 and out of the gas supply line 240c to the water reservoir 305. The gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of the remaining water 285 in the reservoir 305 and pushes the water up the lens wash supply tube 245c to the connector portion 265. The pressurized lens wash water is also pushed through the lens wash supply line 245b in the umbilicus 260 and through the gas / water valve 140. Because the system 300 is closed, the gas pressure is allowed to build and maintain the calibrated pressure level in the water reservoir 305 instead of exhausting to the atmosphere or delivering to the patient. This pressure, along with the endoscope feed and supply lines and external tubing, translates into a range of flow rates for lens wash.

[0071] like Figure 3D As shown, the endoscope 100 is in an irrigation delivery state. This can be performed at the same or different time as the delivery of gas and / or lens cleaning fluid. When irrigation is needed at the distal tip 100c, for example, where visibility of the treatment area is poor or obstructed by debris or the like, the user activates the irrigation pump 315 (e.g., by pressing the foot switch 318) to deliver water along the path D. As the pump 315 is activated, water is drawn from the water reservoir 305 through the upstream irrigation supply conduit 320 and pumped along the downstream irrigation supply conduit 255c to the connector portion 265. The irrigation pump head pressure pushes the irrigation water further through the irrigation supply line 255b in the umbilical cord 260, through the irrigation supply line 255a in the endoscope shaft 100a, and out of the irrigation opening 225 at the distal tip 100c. The irrigation pump pressure can be calibrated along with the endoscope supply line and supply line and external tubing to deliver irrigation fluid at a specific flow rate range.

[0072] In some embodiments, a variety of backflow prevention mechanisms may be incorporated into the embodiments disclosed herein, including the conduits of systems 200, 300. For example, different backflow prevention mechanisms (e.g., clamp mechanisms, valves, compressible conduits, traps, etc.) may be incorporated into the lens cleaning supply conduit 245c, the upstream irrigation supply conduit 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply conduit 255c to help prevent water from backflowing from either or both of the lens cleaning conduits and irrigation conduits under negative pressure conditions.

[0073] Figure 4 An example fluid reservoir 405 (eg, a water container) is shown. The fluid reservoir 405 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the endoscope systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Figure 4 As shown, the water reservoir 405 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 485. In addition, Figure 4 As shown, the cover 480 can be securely fastened to the water reservoir 405. The securing of the cover 480 to the water reservoir 405 can form an air gap 475 between the cover 480 of the reservoir 405 and the water 485 in the reservoir 405.

[0074] Figure 4 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 440 from one end located in the air gap 475 and opening through the cover 480 of the reservoir 405. Figure 4 It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 440 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Figure 4 As shown, a length of lens cleaning conduit 445 has one end located within water 485 of reservoir 405 and passes through an opening in lid 480 of reservoir 405. Figure 4 It should be appreciated that lens cleaning duct 445 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein. Figure 4 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 455 having one end located within the water 485 of the reservoir 405 and passing through an opening in the lid 480 of the reservoir 405. Figure 4 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 455 may be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Figure 4 As shown, irrigation supply line 455 and lens wash line 445 may obtain water from the same reservoir 405, but in some embodiments, irrigation water may be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of water reservoir 405 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0075] Utilizing insufflation, irrigation, and lens cleaning to provide a clear view of the working channel 235 and target tissue may generate a vacuum in one or more of the working channel 235, the gas supply line 440, the lens cleaning supply line 445, and / or the irrigation supply line 455. The creation of a vacuum in one or more of the working channel 235, the gas supply line 440, the lens cleaning supply line 445, and / or the irrigation supply line 455 may potentially create a negative pressure that pulls fluid from the patient's body cavity back through the endoscope and into one or more of the working channel 235, the gas supply line 440, the lens cleaning supply line 445, and / or the fluid reservoir 405, thereby contaminating the clean water located in the lumen of the endoscope 100 and the fluid reservoir 405.

[0076] Thus, in some embodiments, the working channel 235, the gas supply line 440, the lens cleaning supply line 445, and the irrigation supply line 455 may include features designed to prevent fluid from flowing back from outside the distal tip 100c of the endoscope 100 through the working channel 235, the gas supply line 440, the lens cleaning supply line 445, or the irrigation supply line 455 and into the fluid reservoir 405. For example, Figure 4 445, and / or the irrigation supply line 455, and enter the fluid reservoir 405. Including a mechanism designed to prevent fluid backflow can be beneficial because it can reduce the possibility of cross-contamination of fluids between patients.

[0077] Figure 4 460, which is laterally or radially closed (e.g., radially collapsed) in its natural state. In this configuration, the inner surface of the lens cleaning channel 445 along the region of the channel 460 may close radially inward so that it contacts itself, thereby forming a fluid-tight seal designed to prevent fluid located upstream of the radially closed region 460 from flowing back into the fluid reservoir 405. Figure 4 The detailed view of shows that the radially closed region of the duct 460 may extend along the length of the lens cleaning duct 445.

[0078] In some examples, the collapsed region of the conduit 460 can be designed to include cross-sections having different shapes. For example, Figure 5A and Figure 5B Shown along Figure 4 Two embodiments of the cross-sectional shape of the region 460 intercepted by line 5-5. Figure 5A As shown, in some examples, the cross-sectional shape of the closed region of the conduit 460 (in its collapsed state) can be generally elongated or oval. Figure 5B In other examples, along Figure 4 The cross-sectional shape of the collapsed region 460 taken along line 5-5 may be substantially circular. It should be understood that Figure 5A and Figure 5B Both show that the inner surface of the lens cleaning conduit 445 can close on itself (e.g., collapse radially) to provide a fluid-tight seal designed to prevent fluid from flowing back from a location upstream of the conduit region 460 to a location downstream of the conduit region 460 (e.g., into the water reservoir 405).

[0079] Additionally, in some examples, the collapsed region 460 of the lens cleaning conduit 445 may include a cross-sectional shape other than substantially oval or circular. For example, the collapsed region 460 of the lens cleaning conduit 445 may include a cross-sectional shape that is substantially elliptical, triangular, square, half-moon, polygonal, rectangular, star-shaped, etc.

[0080] In some examples, the channel region 460 can be designed to expand radially to allow fluid 485 to flow upstream from the water reservoir 405 to the operating handle 115 and ultimately through the elongated sheath 100a of the endoscope 100. As discussed herein, in its natural state (or in the first position), the channel region 460 of the lens cleaning channel 445 can be designed to be radially closed, such that the water column present in the lens cleaning line upstream of the channel region 460 is not strong enough to cause the channel region 460 to expand radially (thereby preventing fluid from flowing back through the closed region 460 and into the water reservoir 460).

[0081] However, in some examples, the radially collapsed conduit region 460 may be designed to radially expand in the presence of water 485, which is forced upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 445. For example, Figure 6 As shown, water 485 is pressurized by introducing gas into water reservoir 405 through gas supply line 440. Return to Reference Figure 3C In the depicted system configuration, when the endoscope system 300 is in the lens wash delivery configuration, gas (pressure) may be delivered from the air pump 215 and exit the gas supply line 440 to the water reservoir 405. Figure 6 4, the gas entering the reservoir is shown by arrow 464. The gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of the water 485 in the reservoir 405 and pushes the water up from the lens cleaning supply tube 445. The pressurized lens cleaning water is pushed through the lens cleaning supply tube 445 to the endoscope 100. Figure 6As shown, if the gas pressure delivered by the air pump reaches a given threshold, the fluid flowing through the lens cleaning supply tube 445 will generate sufficient pressure (water 485 flowing upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 445 is represented by arrow 462) to force the conduit area 460 to expand radially outward (as shown in FIG. Figure 6 ), thereby allowing water 485 to flow upstream through the conduit area 460 and to the endoscope 100.

[0082] Figure 7 Shown along Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the lens cleaning duct 445 taken along line 7-7. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The cross-sectional view of the lens cleaning duct shown is similar to Figure 7 A comparison of the cross-sectional views of the lens cleaning conduit 445 (in the radially expanded state) shown in FIG. 4 shows that, in the radially expanded state, the lens cleaning conduit 445 is disposed along the inner wall of the conduit region 460. Figure 7 The lens cleaning conduit 445 has expanded away from itself (eg, the tube 445 has been forced open by sufficient fluid flow), thereby allowing water 485 to flow upstream through the open lumen 466 of the lens cleaning conduit 445.

[0083] However, as described herein, the flow of lens cleaning water can be stopped by the user releasing the gas / water valve 140 from a depressed position on the operating handle 115 of the endoscope 100. After the gas / water valve 140 is released and gas stops flowing into the water reservoir 405, the fluid pressure that expanded the collapsed tube region 460 of the lens cleaning tube 445 can be reduced and thereby allow the tube region 460 to collapse to a position where the inner surface of the lens tube 445 seals itself and prevents fluid upstream of the tube region 460 from flowing back into the water reservoir 460.

[0084] The material used to construct the portion of the lens cleaning conduit 445 that defines the radially collapsible conduit region 460 may be selected based on its radial elasticity and the corresponding force required to radially expand the conduit from a collapsed state to an expanded state. The material used to construct the portion of the lens cleaning conduit 445 may be elastic. For example, the material selected to construct the radially collapsible conduit region 460 may be selected based on its ability to effectively prevent the backflow of fluid when the fluid located upstream of the conduit region 460 is in a static state, while the material of the conduit region 460 must also be able to expand radially when the gas (pressure) delivered from the air pump 215 generates a given upstream fluid flow rate and corresponding outward radial force through the lens cleaning conduit 445.

[0085] Figures 8 to 9Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the lens wash supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent backflow of water from either or both of the lens wash and irrigation lines under negative pressure conditions.

[0086] Figure 8 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 505 is shown. The water reservoir 505 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Figure 8 As shown, the water reservoir 505 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 585. In addition, Figure 8 As shown, a cap 580 (eg, a bottle cap) can be securely fastened to the water reservoir 505. The securing of the cap 580 to the water reservoir 505 can form an air gap 575 between the cap 580 of the reservoir 505 and the water 585 in the reservoir 505.

[0087] Figure 8 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 540 from one end located in the air gap 575 and opening through the cover 580 of the reservoir 505. Figure 8 It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 540 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Figure 8 As shown, a length of lens cleaning conduit 545 has one end located within water 585 of reservoir 505 and passes through an opening in cover 580 of reservoir 505. Figure 8 It should be appreciated that lens cleaning duct 545 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein. Figure 8 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 555 having one end located within the water 585 of the reservoir 505 and passing through an opening in the lid 580 of the reservoir 505. Figure 8 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 555 may be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Figure 8 As shown, the irrigation supply line 555 and the lens cleaning line 545 can obtain water from the same reservoir 505, but in some embodiments, the irrigation water can be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 505 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0088] Figure 8It is also shown that the endoscope system 200, 300 may include a clamp mechanism 570 fixed to the cover 580. The clamp mechanism 570 may include a bracket 572 extending in a vertical direction from the cover 580; and may also include a beam portion 578 extending laterally from the vertical portion and surrounding the outer surface of the lens cleaning conduit 545. In addition, the clamp mechanism 570 may also include a pad 576 attached to the distal end of the spring 574. Figure 8 Also shown, the proximal end of spring 574 can be attached to the vertically extending portion of bracket 572.

[0089] Figure 8 Also shown is a lens cleaning duct 545, which is located between the pad 576 and the cross beam portion 578 of the bracket 572. In addition, Figure 8 A state is shown where lens cleaning is not enabled and therefore pressure is not transmitted from the gas supply conduit 540 into the water reservoir 505 to force water 585 upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 545. Figure 8 As shown, the spring 547 has sufficient force to expand and clamp the lens cleaning conduit 545 (e.g., squeeze, press, etc.) between the gasket 576 and the beam portion 578 of the bracket 572, so that the inner cavity surface of the lens cleaning conduit 545 contacts itself, thereby closing the inner cavity of the lens cleaning conduit 545 and preventing the static fluid present in the lens cleaning conduit 545 from flowing back into the reservoir 505.

[0090] Fig. 9 As shown, the lens cleaning conduit 545 can be designed to expand radially in the presence of water 585, which is pushed upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 545. For example, Fig. 9 As shown, water 585 is pressurized by introducing gas into water reservoir 505 through gas supply line 540. Return to Reference Figure 3C In the depicted system configuration, when the endoscope system 300 is in the lens wash delivery configuration, gas (pressure) may be delivered from the air pump 215 and exit the gas supply conduit 540 to the water reservoir 505. Fig. 9 , gas entering the reservoir 505 is represented by arrow 564. The gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of the water 585 in the reservoir 505 and pushes the water toward the lens cleaning supply tube 545. The pressurized lens cleaning water 585 is pushed through the lens cleaning supply tube 545 to the endoscope 100. Fig. 9 As shown, if the gas pressure delivered by the air pump reaches a given threshold, the fluid flowing through the lens cleaning supply tube 545 will generate sufficient pressure (water 585 flowing upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 545 is represented by arrow 562) to force the conduit area 560 to overcome the force of the spring 574 and expand radially outward (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 ), thereby allowing water 585 to flow upstream through the clamp mechanism 570 and to the endoscope 100.

[0091] Figures 10 to 11B Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the lens wash supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent backflow of water from either or both of the lens wash and irrigation lines under negative pressure conditions.

[0092] Fig.10 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 605 is shown. The water reservoir 605 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Fig.10 As shown, the water reservoir 605 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 685. In addition, Fig.10 As shown, a cap 680 (eg, a bottle cap) can be securely fastened to the water reservoir 605. The securing of the cap 680 to the water reservoir 605 can form an air gap 675 between the cap of the reservoir 605 and the water 685 in the reservoir 605.

[0093] Fig.10 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 640 from one end located in the air gap 675 and opening through the cover 680 of the reservoir 605. Fig.10 It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 640 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Fig.10 As shown, a length of lens cleaning conduit 645 has one end located within water 685 of reservoir 605 and passes through an opening in cover 680 of reservoir 605. Fig.10 It should be understood that lens cleaning duct 645 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein. Fig.10 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 655 having one end located within the water 685 of the reservoir 605 and passing through an opening in the cap 680 of the reservoir 605. Fig.10 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 655 can be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Fig.10 As shown, the irrigation supply line 655 and the lens cleaning line 645 can obtain water from the same reservoir 605, but in some embodiments, the irrigation water can be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 605 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0094] Fig.10The detailed view of also shows that a portion of the lens cleaning conduit 645 of the endoscope system 200, 300 may include a Tesla valve 670. In general, a Tesla valve can be described as a fixed geometry passive check valve, whose geometry allows fluid to flow preferentially in only one direction. In other words, Fig.10 The Tesla valve 670 shown in the detailed view of can include an expansion, recess, protrusion, baffle or barrel formed within the lumen of the lens cleaning conduit 445 that allows water 685 to flow relatively unimpeded upstream from the reservoir 605 toward the endoscope while also preventing fluid from flowing back in the opposite direction (e.g., preventing fluid from flowing back from the endoscope toward the reservoir 605).

[0095] Fig.11A shows that water 685 passes relative to Fig.10 Unobstructed passage of the Tesla valve 670 as described. Fig.11A As shown by arrow 672 in FIG. 6 , water 685 in reservoir 605 is allowed to flow through Tesla valve 670 in an upstream direction with little resistance. However, Fig. 11B It is shown that fluid attempting to flow in a downstream direction (fluid attempting to flow in the downstream direction is represented by arrow 675) is repeatedly blocked by fluid flowing through multiple interfering flow paths 676.

[0096] Figure 12 to Figure 13 Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the lens wash supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent backflow of water from either or both of the lens wash and irrigation lines under negative pressure conditions.

[0097] Fig.12 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 705 is shown. The water reservoir 705 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Fig.12 As shown, the water reservoir 705 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 785. In addition, Fig.12 As shown, a cap 780 (eg, a bottle cap) may be securely fastened to the water reservoir 705. The securing of the cap 780 to the water reservoir 705 may form an air gap 775 between the cap 780 of the reservoir 705 and the water 785 in the reservoir 705.

[0098] Fig.12 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 740 from one end located in the air gap 775 and opening through the cover 780 of the reservoir 705. Fig.12 It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 740 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Fig.12As shown, a length of lens cleaning conduit 745 has one end located within water 785 of reservoir 705 and passes through an opening in cover 780 of reservoir 705. Fig.12 It should be understood that lens cleaning duct 745 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein. Fig.12 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 755 having one end located within the water 785 of the reservoir 705 and passing through an opening in the cap 780 of the reservoir 705. Fig.12 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 755 may be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Fig.12 As shown, the irrigation supply line 755 and the lens cleaning line 745 can obtain water from the same reservoir 705, but in some embodiments, the irrigation water can be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 705 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0099] Fig.12 The detailed view of FIG. 74 also shows that the endoscope system 200, 300 may include a ball check valve 770, which is located within the lumen of the lens cleaning conduit 745. Fig.12 As shown, the ball check valve 770 may include a ball 776 that is designed to be located within (eg, nested within) a shoulder 773 formed within the lumen of the lens cleaning conduit 745 . Fig.12 776, and a distal lumen 774 (a distal lumen of the lens cleaning conduit 745, which is distal to or upstream of the ball 776). The diameter D1 of the proximal lumen 772 may be smaller than the diameter D2 of the distal lumen 774. As the lumen of the lens cleaning conduit 745 transitions from the proximal lumen 772 to the distal lumen 774, a shoulder 773 is formed.

[0100] Fig.12 The ball check valve is shown in a position where a ball 776 is nested along the shoulder 773 of the lens cleaning conduit 745. In this position, the ball 776 prevents fluid from flowing back from the endoscope 100 into the reservoir 705. In some examples, the ball 776 can be made of a semi-flexible material that improves the ability of the ball 776 to fit snugly along the shoulder 773, thereby sealing the ball 776 along the shoulder 773 and preventing fluid from flowing from the distal lumen 774 into the proximal lumen 772. In other examples, the ball 776 can be formed of a rigid material, such as a metal (e.g., steel).

[0101] Fig.13As shown, water 785 is pressurized by introducing gas into water reservoir 705 through gas supply line 740. Return to Reference Figure 3C In the depicted system configuration, when the endoscope system 300 is in the lens wash delivery configuration, gas (pressure) may be delivered from the air pump 215 and exit the gas supply conduit 740 to the water reservoir 705. Fig.12 , gas entering reservoir 705 is represented by arrow 764. The gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of water 785 in reservoir 705 and pushes the water upward from lens cleaning supply tube 745. Fig.12 , water 585 flowing upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 745 is represented by arrow 762. The pressurized lens cleaning water 785 is pushed upstream toward the endoscope 100 through the lens cleaning supply tube 745. However, Fig.12 It is also shown that water 785 flowing upstream through the lens cleaning conduit 745 can move the ball 776 away from the shoulder 773 of the lens cleaning conduit 745, thereby allowing the water 785 to flow around the ball 776 (e.g., from the proximal inner cavity 772 and into the distal inner cavity 774) and flow upstream toward the endoscope 100.

[0102] A check valve may refer to any type of configuration for a fluid to flow in only one direction in a passive manner. For example, a check valve may include or refer to one or more of the following: a ball check valve, a diaphragm check valve, a swing check valve, a tilting disc check valve, a flapper valve, a stop check valve, a lift check valve, an inline check valve, a duckbill valve, a pneumatic check valve, a reed valve, or a flow check valve, among others.

[0103] Fig.14 Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the lens wash supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent backflow of water from either or both of the lens wash and irrigation lines under negative pressure conditions.

[0104] Fig.14 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 805 is shown. The water reservoir 805 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Fig.14 As shown, the water reservoir 805 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 885. In addition, Fig.14 As shown, a cap 880 (e.g., a bottle cap) can be securely fastened to the water reservoir 805. The securing of the cap 880 to the water reservoir 805 can form an air gap 875 between the cap 880 of the reservoir 805 and the water 885 in the reservoir 805.

[0105] Fig.14 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 840 from one end located in the air gap 875 and opening through the cover 880 of the reservoir 805. Figure 8 It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 840 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Fig.14 As shown, a length of downstream lens cleaning conduit 845a has one end located within water 885 of reservoir 805 and passes through an opening in lid 880 of reservoir 805. Fig.14 It should be appreciated that downstream lens cleaning conduit 845a may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning conduit 245c described herein. Fig.14 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 855 having one end located within the water 885 of the reservoir 805 and passing through an opening in the cap 880 of the reservoir 805. Fig.14 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 855 may be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Fig.14 As shown, the irrigation supply line 855 and the lens cleaning line 845 can obtain water from the same reservoir 805, but in some embodiments, the irrigation water can be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 805 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0106] Fig.14 Also shown, the endoscope system 200, 300 may include a siphon break 870. The siphon break 870 may include a first inlet coupled to the downstream lens cleaning conduit 845a, and an outlet coupled to a first end of the upstream lens cleaning conduit 845b. Additionally, a second end (opposite the first end) of the upstream lens cleaning conduit 845b may be coupled to an inlet of the endoscope 100. In other words, the siphon break 870 may be positioned in fluid communication with both the downstream lens cleaning conduit 845a and the upstream lens cleaning conduit 845b, whereby fluid drawn from the water reservoir 805 may pass through the downstream lens cleaning conduit 845a, through a portion of the siphon break 870, and then into the upstream lens cleaning conduit 845b toward the endoscope 100.

[0107] Fig.14 As also shown, the siphon breaker 870 may also include an inlet coupled to an air pump 815. The air pump 815 may be designed to provide an air flow (by Fig.14 The air flow travels from the pump 815 to the siphon breaker 870, whereby the air flow can effectively pull water 885 upward from the downstream lens cleaning pipe 845a by creating a Venturi effect. The direction in which the water 885 is pulled upward from the water reservoir 805 is through Fig.14However, it should be understood that the siphon cutout may also be closed in response to the flow of fluid from the fluid reservoir 805.

[0108] Figure 15 to Figure 16 Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the gas supply line 240c, the lens cleaning supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320 and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent the backflow of water from either or both of the lens cleaning line and the irrigation line under negative pressure conditions.

[0109] Fig.15 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 905 is shown. The water reservoir 905 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Fig.15 As shown, the water reservoir 905 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 985. In addition, Fig.15 As shown, a cap 980 (eg, a bottle cap) may be securely fastened to the water reservoir 905. The securing of the cap 980 to the water reservoir 905 may form an air gap 975 between the cap 980 of the reservoir 905 and the water 985 in the reservoir 905.

[0110] Fig.15 A length of lens cleaning conduit 945 is shown having one end located within water 985 of reservoir 905 and passing through an opening in cover 980 of reservoir 905. Fig.15 It should be understood that lens cleaning duct 945 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein. Fig.15 Also shown is a length of irrigation tubing 955 having one end located within the water 985 of the reservoir 905 and passing through an opening in the cap 980 of the reservoir 905. Fig.15 It should be understood that the irrigation conduit 955 may be similar in form and function to the irrigation conduit 320 described herein. Fig.15 As shown, the irrigation supply line 955 and the lens cleaning line 945 can obtain water from the same reservoir 905, but in some embodiments, the irrigation water can be supplied from a water source (not shown) independent of the water reservoir 905 via a pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump).

[0111] Fig.15 Also shown is a length of gas supply conduit 940 extending from one end located in air gap 975 and through an opening in lid 980 of reservoir 905. Fig.15 It should be appreciated that the gas supply conduit 940 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein.

[0112] Fig.15As also shown, the endoscope system 200, 300 may also include a gas flow and pressure regulator 950 (e.g., an inflow check valve, an inflow control valve, etc.) may be disposed in the path of the gas supply conduit 940 to maintain a small positive pressure in the water reservoir 905. In other words, the pressure generated within the water reservoir 905 may generate a pressure differential between the water 985 and the gas supply conduit 905 that helps maintain a positive pressure within the water reservoir 905, even when a user is utilizing the priming function to potentially remove a large amount of water from the water reservoir 905. This arrangement compensates for any time lag in getting air from the air pump 215 to the water reservoir 905 that might otherwise result in a negative pressure vacuum in the water reservoir 905.

[0113] Fig.15 The flow regulator 950 is shown to include a valve pad 954 attached to a first end of a spring 952 . Fig.15 It is also shown that the second end of the spring 952 can be fixedly attached to the inner wall surface of the flow regulator 950. Therefore, the spring 952 can be allowed to expand and contract within the inner chamber of the flow regulator 950. In addition, Fig.15 As shown, the flow regulator 950 may also include a shoulder 956 that may provide a surface that the valve pad 954 may contact when the spring 952 contracts. In other words, when the spring 952 contracts within the inner chamber of the pressure regulator 950, the shoulder 956 may act as a positive stop for the valve pad 954.

[0114] Returns the reference relative to Figure 3C In the depicted system configuration, when the endoscope system 300 is in the lens cleaning delivery configuration, gas (pressure) can be delivered from the air pump 215 and through the gas supply line 940 to the water reservoir 905. Additionally, as the gas flows downstream through the gas supply line 940 and into the flow regulator 950 (e.g., via Fig.15 964 in the figure, the gas may force the spring 952 to expand, thereby allowing the gas to flow around the valve pad 954 and flow downstream through the regulator 950 and into the water reservoir 905. As the gas is introduced into the water reservoir 905 through the gas supply line 940d, the gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of the water 985 in the reservoir 905 and pushes the water upward from the lens cleaning supply tube 945. The pressurized lens cleaning water 985 is pushed through the lens cleaning supply tube 945 to the endoscope 100.

[0115] However, Fig.16950 (and thereby forcing the spring 952 to expand), the spring 952 of the flow regulator 950 may contract (e.g., relax), thereby allowing the valve pad 954 to seal against the shoulder 956 of the pressure regulator 950. As discussed herein, allowing the valve pad 954 to seal against the shoulder 956 of the flow regulator 950 may maintain the pressure generated within the water reservoir 905 and may form a pressure differential between the water 985 and the gas supply line 905, which may help maintain a positive pressure within the water reservoir 905, even when a user is utilizing the priming function to remove a large amount of water from the water reservoir 905. This arrangement compensates for any time lag in delivering air from the air pump 215 to the water reservoir 905, which may otherwise result in a negative pressure vacuum in the water reservoir 905.

[0116] It should be understood that a variety of check valves, including one or more of the check valves disclosed herein, can function as flow regulators in a manner similar to the flow regulator 950. For example, a ball check valve, a diaphragm check valve, a swing check valve, a tilting disc check valve, a flapper valve, a stop check valve, a lift check valve, an inline check valve, a duckbill valve, a pneumatic check valve, a reed valve, or a flow check valve, etc. can be used as a flow regulator to create a pressure differential between the water 985 and the gas supply line 905, thereby helping to maintain a positive pressure within the water reservoir 905.

[0117] Fig.17 Another backflow prevention mechanism is shown that may be incorporated into the lens wash supply line 245c, the upstream irrigation supply line 320, and / or the downstream irrigation supply line 255c to help prevent backflow of water from either or both of the lens wash and irrigation lines under negative pressure conditions.

[0118] Fig.17 An example water reservoir (eg, container) 1005 is shown. The water reservoir 1005 can be similar in form and function to the water reservoirs 270, 305 of the systems 200, 300 described herein. For example, Fig.17 As shown, the water reservoir 1005 may include an internal chamber designed to hold different volumes of water 1085. In addition, Fig.17 As shown, a cover 1080 (eg, a bottle cap) can be securely fastened to the water reservoir 1005. The securing of the cover 1080 to the water reservoir 1005 can form an air gap 1075 between the cover 1080 of the reservoir 1005 and the water 1085 in the reservoir 1005.

[0119] Fig.17 Also shown is the length of the gas supply conduit 1040 from one end located in the air gap 1075 and through an opening in the lid 1080 of the reservoir 1005. Fig.17It should be understood that the gas supply conduit 1040 may be similar in form and function to the gas supply conduit 240c described herein. Fig.17 As shown, the length of lens cleaning conduit 1045 has one end located within the water 1085 of reservoir 1005 and passes through an opening in the cover 1080 of reservoir 505. Figure 8 It should be understood that lens cleaning duct 1045 may be similar in form and function to lens cleaning duct 245c described herein.

[0120] Fig.17 It is also shown that the lens cleaning duct 1045 may form an undulating structure 1092, wherein the lens cleaning duct 1045 is folded (e.g., bent, wrapped, folded back) after passing through the cover 1080 and extends downward along the outer surface of the water reservoir 1005. After extending a given length along the outer surface of the water reservoir 1005, the lens cleaning duct 1045 may fold back on itself and extend upward to form the undulating portion 1092. In addition, Fig.17 Also shown, a water column 1087 can be placed within the lens cleaning conduit 1045 and extend along both the downward portion and the upward portion of the lens cleaning conduit 1045. Fig.17 The water column 1087 within the lens cleaning conduit 1045 generally forms a "U" shape having a vertical column height "X".

[0121] The water 1087 present in the lens cleaning conduit 1045 prevents the static fluid present in the lens cleaning conduit 1045 from flowing back from the endoscope 100 and entering the reservoir 1005. In other words, the static fluid flowing back through the lens cleaning conduit 1045 must overcome the pressure formed by the static water body 1087 present in the undulating portion 1092 before returning to the water reservoir 1005.

[0122] In some examples, the undulating structure 1092 may be included in various conduits and structures of the endoscope system 200, 300. For example, Fig.17 The undulating structure 1092 shown can be incorporated into the design of the water reservoir 1005. In other words, a portion of the wall defining the water reservoir 1005 can define Fig.17 The undulating configuration 1092 is shown so that the lens cleaning conduit 1045 can be directly connected to this portion of the water reservoir 1005.

[0123] also, Fig.18 is a highly simplified schematic diagram showing that, in some examples, Fig.17 The undulating structure 1092 in the lens cleaning channel 1045 can be positioned adjacent to the operating handle 115 of the endoscope 100. For example, Fig.18As shown, the undulating structure 1092 may include a vertical water column 1089, similar to the above with respect to Fig.17 The undulating structure 1092 shown depicts a water column.

[0124] Fig.19 1 is a flow chart showing an example method. The method may describe possible flows within the hybrid system 300. For example, when gas is needed at the distal tip 100c, for example to clean the end face 100d of the distal tip or to insufflate the patient's body in the treatment area, the user may close the vent (first position) in the gas / water valve 140 with a thumb, finger, etc., as represented by box 1100. Gas (pressure) may be delivered from the air pump 215 and flow through the gas supply line 240b in the umbilical cord 260 via the connector portion 265, as represented by box 1110. The gas may continue through the gas / water valve 140 to the gas supply line 240a in the endoscope shaft 100a and out of the gas / lens wash nozzle 220 at the distal tip 100c, as represented by box 1120.

[0125] Fig. 20 12 is a flow chart showing an example method. The method may describe possible flows within the hybrid system 300. For example, when lens cleaning is required at the distal tip 100c, for example to clean the end face 100d of the distal tip 100c, the user (keeping the vent in the air / water valve closed) presses the valve 140 to its furthest point in the valve well 135, as represented by box 1200. This second position cuts off the gas supply to both the atmosphere and the gas supply line 240a in the endoscope, and opens the gas / water valve 140 to allow lens cleaning water to pass to the lens cleaning supply line 245a in the endoscope shaft 100a and out of the gas / lens cleaning nozzle 220 at the distal tip 100c, as represented by box 1210. In this state, gas (pressure) is delivered from the air pump 215 along path C and through the branch line in the connector portion 265 and out of the gas supply line 240c to the water reservoir 305, as represented by box 1220. The gas (pressure) pressurizes the surface of the remaining water 285 in the reservoir 305 and pushes the water up from the lens wash supply tube 245c, through the lens wash supply line 245b in the umbilical 260 and through the gas / water valve 140, as represented by box 1230.

[0126] Fig.2113 is a flow chart illustrating an example method. The method may describe possible flows within the mixing system 300. For example, when irrigation is needed at the distal tip 100c, for example, where visibility of the treatment area is poor or obstructed by debris or the like, the user activates the irrigation pump 315 (e.g., by pressing the foot switch 318) to deliver water along the path D, as represented by box 1300. As the pump 315 is activated, water is drawn out of the water reservoir 305 through the upstream irrigation supply conduit 320 and pumped along the downstream irrigation supply conduit 255c to the connector portion 265, as represented by box 1310. The irrigation pump head pressure further pushes the irrigation water through the irrigation supply line 255b in the umbilical cord 260, through the irrigation supply line 255a in the endoscope shaft 100a, and out of the irrigation opening 225 at the distal tip 100c, as represented by box 1320.

[0127] It should also be understood that the backflow prevention mechanisms described herein may be applied to any of the tubes of the systems 200, 300. For example, the backflow prevention mechanism may be incorporated into one or more of the gas supply line, the lens cleaning supply line, the upstream irrigation supply line, the downstream irrigation supply line, or any other tubes or components of the systems 200, 300 to help prevent the backflow of water from either or both of the lens cleaning line and the irrigation line under negative pressure conditions.

[0128] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the disclosed device without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is contemplated that the specification and examples should be regarded as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

[0129] All devices and methods discussed herein are examples of devices and / or methods implemented according to one or more principles of the present disclosure. These examples are not the only way to implement these principles, but are only examples. Therefore, references to elements or structures or features in the accompanying drawings must be understood as references to examples of embodiments of the present disclosure, and should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure to the specific elements, structures or features shown. When reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art will recall other ways examples of implementing the disclosed principles.

[0130] In the foregoing description and the following claims, the following will be understood. As used herein, phrases "at least one", "one or more" and "and / or" are open expressions, which are linked and turned in operation. As used herein, the term "one" or "a kind of" entity refers to one or more of the entity. Therefore, the terms "one" (or "a kind"), "one (kind) or more (kind)" and "at least one (kind)" can be used interchangeably herein. All directional references (e.g., proximal, distal, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, lateral, longitudinal, front, rear, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, radial, axial, clockwise, counterclockwise, etc.) are only used for identification purposes, to assist readers in understanding the present disclosure, and / or for distinguishing the regions of related elements from each other, and particularly not limiting related elements to the position, orientation or use of the present disclosure. Connection references (e.g., attachment, connection, connection and coupling) should be interpreted broadly, and may include intermediate members between element sets and relative movement between elements, unless otherwise specified. Thus, connective references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. Identification references (eg, primary, secondary, first, second, third, fourth, etc.) are not intended to imply importance or priority, but rather are used to distinguish one feature from another.

[0131] The foregoing discussion has been presented for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure to one or more forms disclosed herein. It should be understood that various additions, modifications and replacements can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In particular, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the principles of the present disclosure can be implemented in other forms, structures, arrangements, ratios, with other elements, materials and components without departing from its concept, spirit, scope or characteristics. For example, for the purpose of simplifying the disclosure, the various features of the present disclosure are grouped in one or more aspects, embodiments or configurations. However, it should be understood that the various features of certain aspects, embodiments or configurations of the present disclosure can be combined with alternative aspects, embodiments or configurations. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be used together with many modifications of the structure, arrangement, ratio, material, components, etc. for practicing the present disclosure, which are particularly suitable for specific environments and operating requirements without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts, or an element shown as multiple parts may be integrally formed, the operation of an element may be reversed or otherwise changed, the size or dimensions of an element may be changed, and the features and components of the various embodiments may be selectively combined. Therefore, the presently disclosed embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, the scope of the claimed invention being indicated by the appended claims, and not limited to the foregoing description.

[0132] The following claims are hereby incorporated by reference into the specific embodiments, wherein each claim itself serves as an independent embodiment of the present disclosure. In the claims, the term "comprises / comprising" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps. In addition, although listed separately, multiple appliances, elements or method steps can be implemented by, for example, a single unit or processor. In addition, although independent features may be included in different claims, these features may be advantageously combined, and the inclusion in different claims does not mean that the combination of features is non-feasible and / or advantageous. In addition, singular references do not exclude pluralities. The terms "one", "a kind", "first", "second", etc. do not exclude pluralities. The reference marks in the claims are provided only as clarifying examples and should not be understood to limit the scope of the claims in any way.

Claims

1. A fluid reservoir and tubing set arranged and configured to be coupled to an endoscope for use in endoscopic surgery, the fluid reservoir and tubing set comprising: a fluid reservoir configured to contain a fluid; a fluid supply tube configured to be coupled to the endoscope and having a lumen extending therethrough, wherein the lumen is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir; and A first backflow prevention mechanism is coupled to the fluid supply tube, the first backflow prevention mechanism being configured to allow fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir through the fluid supply tube to the endoscope and to prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube back to the fluid reservoir.

2. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply tube is configured to allow fluid to flow from the reservoir to a lens of the endoscope.

3. The fluid reservoir and tube set according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism includes a portion of the fluid supply tube, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube is configured to transition between a radially closed configuration and a radially open configuration.

4. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of claim 3, wherein when in the closed configuration, the portion of the supply tube is configured to prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube to the reservoir.

5. The fluid reservoir and tube set according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a gas supply tube, the gas supply tube comprising a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to be coupled to a gas pump and the second end being located within the reservoir, and wherein the gas supply tube is configured to allow gas to flow into the reservoir and pressurize the fluid in the reservoir.

6. The fluid reservoir and tube set of any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube is configured to transition from the closed configuration to the open configuration in response to the pressurized fluid flowing through the fluid supply tube.

7. The fluid reservoir and tube set of claim 3, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube comprises a generally elongated cross-sectional shape in the closed configuration.

8. The fluid reservoir and tube set of claim 3, wherein the portion of the fluid supply tube comprises a generally circular cross-sectional shape in the closed configuration.

9. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism comprises a section of elastomeric material.

10. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first backflow prevention mechanism comprises a clamp positioned adjacent the fluid supply tube.

11. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of claim 10, wherein the clamp is configured to squeeze the fluid supply tube to prevent flow from the endoscope through the fluid supply tube back to the fluid reservoir.

12. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the clamp is configured to open in response to pressurized fluid flowing through the fluid supply tube.

13. A fluid reservoir and tubing set according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the clamp is attached to the fluid reservoir.

14. The fluid reservoir and tubing set of claim 1, further comprising an irrigation supply tube comprising a first end, a second end, and a lumen extending therethrough, the lumen of the irrigation supply tube being in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir.

15. The fluid reservoir and tube set of claim 14, further comprising a second backflow prevention mechanism coupled to the irrigation supply tube, the second backflow prevention mechanism configured to allow fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir through the irrigation supply tube to the endoscope, and to prevent fluid from flowing from the endoscope through the irrigation supply tube back to the fluid reservoir.

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