A fertilization device for key protected vegetation and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of forestry fertilization, and provides a key protected vegetation fertilization device and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system. The key protected vegetation fertilization device comprises: a fertilization box, a fertilizer discharge pipe and an irrigation bottle; the inlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the outlet of the fertilization box, and the outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the irrigation bottle; the fertilizer discharge pipe and the irrigation bottle are both used to be buried in the soil to irrigate the vegetation; the irrigation bottle has a plurality of drainage holes arranged at intervals; the fertilizer discharge pipe and the irrigation bottle both have multiple fertilizer discharge pipes, and the multiple fertilizer discharge pipes are connected to the multiple irrigation bottles in a one-to-one correspondence; wherein the aperture o of the drainage hole is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the water and fertilizer demand (N, W) of the vegetation and the single precipitation r; the buried distance l of the irrigation bottle from the trunk is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the crown width u of the vegetation, the average root depth h, the soil water retention capacity C, the soil water permeability K and the irrigation time T. The fertilization flow of the entire fertilization device can be well adapted to the key protected vegetation, and the fertilization accuracy is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forestry fertilization, and in particular to a fertilization device for key protected vegetation and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system. Background Art

[0002] Precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas is relatively low and unevenly distributed, water resources are scarce, and soil moisture content is low, which affects the water absorption of plant roots. The soil is usually sandy or saline-alkali soil, with poor water retention capacity and serious nutrient loss. The slope terrain makes it easy for water to be lost during rainfall, and concentrated runoff exacerbates soil erosion. It also reduces the effective utilization rate of water and affects vegetation growth. Existing drip irrigation technology integrates soil moisture sensors, meteorological data monitoring and automatic control equipment, and can adjust water volume and fertilization frequency according to real-time data. Alternatively, add moisturizers such as polymers to the soil to enhance the soil's water holding capacity and reduce water evaporation, and then bury solid fertilizers in the soil, which can keep the soil moist to a certain extent and promote vegetation growth.

[0003] However, although the above-mentioned soil moisturizing or fertilization methods can solve soil drought to a certain extent, they all have the problem of poor fertilization accuracy. The amount of fertilizer applied cannot be combined with the actual characteristics of the key protected vegetation, and the adaptability is poor, thereby reducing the accuracy of fertilization and making it difficult to ensure the growth of the key protected vegetation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a key protected vegetation fertilization device and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system, which are used to solve the problem that when the existing fertilization device fertilizes the key protected vegetation, the fertilization flow of the fertilization device cannot be well adapted to the key protected vegetation and the fertilization accuracy is poor.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for fertilizing key protected vegetation, comprising: a fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharge pipe and an irrigation bottle; the fertilizer box is used to pass fertilizer and collected rainwater to form fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer box; the inlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the outlet of the fertilizer box, and the outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the irrigation bottle; the fertilizer discharge pipe and the irrigation bottle are both used to be buried in the soil to irrigate vegetation; the irrigation bottle has a plurality of drainage holes arranged at intervals; there are multiple fertilizer discharge pipes and multiple irrigation bottles, and the multiple fertilizer discharge pipes are connected to the multiple irrigation bottles in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0006] The aperture o of the drainage hole is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation and the single precipitation r;

[0007] The buried distance l of the irrigation bottle from the tree trunk is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the vegetation crown width u, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil permeability K and the irrigation time T.

[0008] According to a device for fertilizing key protected vegetation provided by the present invention, the water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation are obtained by quantitative calculation based on the vegetation breast diameter c, the average root depth h and the vegetation crown width u.

[0009] According to the key protected vegetation fertilization device provided by the present invention, the burial depth d of each of the irrigation bottles is the same;

[0010] The burial depth d of the irrigation bottle is based on the average depth h of the fine roots of the vegetation. 细根 , the water requirement W of vegetation, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C and the soil water permeability K are quantitatively calculated.

[0011] According to a device for fertilizing key protected vegetation provided by the present invention, the concentration f of the fertilizer solution is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the fertilizer requirement N of the vegetation, the vegetation density veg ρ and the organic matter content n of the soil.

[0012] According to a device for fertilizing key protected vegetation provided by the present invention, the water outlet inclination of the drainage hole is perpendicular to the planting slope direction of the vegetation.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a precise water and fertilizer conservation system for vegetation, comprising: a water collection device, a material storage device and a key protected vegetation fertilization device as described in any of the above items, wherein the fertilization box has a water inlet and a material inlet, the water inlet is connected to the water outlet of the water collection device, and the material inlet is connected to the material outlet of the material storage device.

[0014] According to a precise vegetation water and fertilizer conservation system provided by the present invention, the water collection device comprises a water collection box, a filter material layer and a movable cover plate; the water collection box is open;

[0015] The movable cover plate is movably arranged on the groove wall of the water collecting box, and the water collecting box is divided into a water collecting area and a filtering area by the movable cover plate. The water collecting area is located at the open end of the water collecting box, and the filtering area is located at the bottom end of the water collecting box. The filter material layer is arranged in the filtering area, and the water collecting box is provided with a water outlet corresponding to the filtering area and connected with the water inlet of the fertilizer box.

[0016] According to a precise vegetation water and fertilizer conservation system provided by the present invention, the water collection device further comprises a drainage plate, the drainage plate is arranged in an inclined manner, one end of the drainage plate is fixedly connected to the open end of the water collection box, and the other end is slidably connected to the movable cover plate;

[0017] And / or, a runoff collection port is provided on the groove wall of the water collecting box corresponding to the water collecting area.

[0018] According to the present invention, a precise water and fertilizer conservation system for vegetation also includes a controller, and the discharge port of the material storage device is equipped with an electromagnetic valve; a float sensor is installed in the fertilizer box, and the float sensor and the electromagnetic valve are both communicatively connected to the controller.

[0019] According to a precise water and fertilizer conservation system for vegetation provided by the present invention, there are multiple water collection devices and multiple fertilizer boxes, the water inlets of the multiple fertilizer boxes are connected one-to-one with the water outlets of the multiple water collection devices, and the outlets of the material storage device are respectively connected with the inlets of the multiple fertilizer boxes.

[0020] The present invention provides a fertilizing device for key protected vegetation and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system. A fertilizing box is used to introduce fertilizer and collected rainwater to form fertilizer liquid in the fertilizing box. The fertilizer liquid is transported to corresponding irrigation bottles from a plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes and discharged from a plurality of drainage holes of the irrigation bottles to irrigate the soil, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizing the key protected vegetation. The aperture o of the drainage hole is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation and the single precipitation r. The distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the crown width u of the vegetation, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil water permeability K and the irrigation time T. The installation position of the irrigation bottle and the aperture of the drainage hole are combined with the characteristic profile of the vegetation and the geographical environment factors. When fertilizing, the fertilization flow of the entire fertilizing device can be well matched with the key protected vegetation, thereby improving the adaptability of fertilization and achieving high fertilization accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the key protected vegetation fertilization device provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the irrigation bottle provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the vegetation precision water and fertilizer conservation system provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is the second overall structural schematic diagram of the vegetation precision water and fertilizer conservation system provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5It is a structural schematic diagram of the water collecting tank provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the material storage device provided by the present invention with multiple water collection devices and multiple fertilizer boxes.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Fertilizer box; 11. Water inlet; 12. Feed inlet; 2. Fertilizer discharge pipe; 3. Irrigation bottle; 31. Drainage hole;

[0030] 4. water collection device; 41. water collection tank; 411. water outlet; 4111. geotextile; 42. filter material layer; 421. coarse charcoal layer; 422. quartz sand layer; 423. crushed gravel layer; 43. movable cover; 44. water collection area; 45. filtration area; 46. drainage plate; 47. runoff collection port; 40. partition;

[0031] 5. Material storage device; 51. Material discharge pipe; 6. Controller; 8. Float sensor; 100. Soil surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The features of the terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the present invention may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally means that the objects connected before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 6 , through specific embodiments and application scenarios, a key protected vegetation fertilization device and a precise water and fertilizer conservation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention are described in detail.

[0037] First, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a fertilizing device for key protected vegetation, comprising: a fertilizing box 1, a fertilizer discharge pipe 2 and an irrigation bottle 3. The fertilizing box 1 is used to introduce solid fertilizers and collected rainwater to form fertilizer liquid in the fertilizing box 1. The inlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe 2 is connected to the outlet of the fertilizing box 1. The outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe 2 is connected to the irrigation bottle 3. Both the fertilizer discharge pipe 2 and the irrigation bottle 3 are used to be buried in the soil to irrigate the vegetation. The irrigation bottle 3 has a plurality of drainage holes 31 arranged at intervals. Both the fertilizer discharge pipe 2 and the irrigation bottle 3 have multiple. The multiple fertilizer discharge pipes 2 are connected to the multiple irrigation bottles 3 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0038] The aperture o of the drainage hole 31 is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation and the single precipitation r.

[0039] The distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk is quantitatively calculated based on the vegetation crown width u, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil permeability K and the irrigation time T.

[0040] It is understandable that the fertilizer box 1 can be buried in the soil or fixed to the soil surface 100. A plurality of drainage ports are provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box 1. The inlets of the plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes 2 are connected to the plurality of drainage ports in a one-to-one correspondence. The outlets of the plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes 2 are connected to the plurality of irrigation bottles 3 in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of the fertilizer discharge pipes 2 is consistent with the number of the irrigation bottles 3, for example, both are four, six, seven or nine, etc., and the present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of drainage holes 31 are arranged at intervals in the irrigation bottle 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent drainage holes 31 can be the same, for example, the plurality of drainage holes 31 can be arranged in a square shape of three rows and three columns. The distance between two adjacent drainage holes 31 can also be different, for example, Figure 2As shown, the plurality of drainage holes 31 are arranged in multiple rows and columns, and the row spacing of two adjacent rows of drainage holes 31 is different from the column spacing of two adjacent columns of drainage holes 31, which is not specifically limited in the present invention. The fertilizer liquid flows from the plurality of drainage ports of the fertilizer box 1 to the plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes 2, and then is discharged from the plurality of drainage holes 31 of the plurality of irrigation bottles 3 to fertilize and irrigate the key protected vegetation.

[0042] The fertilizer pipe 2 and the irrigation bottle 3 are buried in the soil. The diameter of the drainage hole 31 on each irrigation bottle 3 is the same. In the process of adaptive fertilization of key protected vegetation, the characteristic profile and geographical environment of key protected vegetation should be taken into consideration, and quantitative calculation should be performed in combination with geographical environmental factors and the characteristics of the vegetation itself to obtain accurate fertilizer flow. Among them, the independent variables GEO of the characteristic profile of vegetation and geographical environment include:

[0043]

[0044] According to the above vegetation characteristics and multiple independent variables GEO of the geographical environment, the adaptability parameters of the key protected vegetation fertilization device are calculated. Among them, the adaptability parameters MA of the key protected vegetation fertilization device include:

[0045]

[0046] The drainage hole diameter o is calculated based on the water and fertilizer requirements of the vegetation (N, W) and the single precipitation r:

[0047]

[0048] The burial depth d of the irrigation bottle is determined by the average depth h of the fine roots of the vegetation. 细根 , the water requirement of vegetation W, the average root depth h, the soil water retention capacity C and the soil permeability K:

[0049] d~(h 细根 , W, h, C, K)

[0050] The buried distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk is determined by the vegetation canopy u, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil permeability K and the irrigation time T:

[0051] l~(u, h, C, K, T)

[0052] The concentration of fertilizer solution f is affected by the water and fertilizer requirements of vegetation (N, W), single precipitation r, vegetation density veg ρ, and soil organic matter content n:

[0053] f~[(N,W), r, veg ρ, n]

[0054] The theoretical density ρ of the water collection device is affected by the water and fertilizer requirements of the vegetation (N, W), the single rainfall r, the vegetation density veg ρ, the soil organic matter content n, the soil moisture w, and the planting slope s:

[0055] ρ~[(N,W),r,veg ρ,n,w,s]

[0056] The water outlet inclination g of the drainage hole is affected by the planting slope s:

[0057] g~s

[0058] Among them, the water and fertilizer requirements of vegetation (N, W) are quantitatively calculated based on the vegetation breast diameter c, the average root depth h and the vegetation crown width u.

[0059] Specifically, the fertilizer flow rate of the entire fertilization device is set to Q, and the fertilizer flow rate Q is related to the local precipitation and the interception and filtration coefficient of the irrigation bottle. There is a correlation, and the fertilizer flow rate Q must not be less than the water and fertilizer required by the vegetation (N, W). Taking the local precipitation as the single precipitation r, the minimum fertilizer flow rate Q min for:

[0060]

[0061] Then the diameter o of the drainage hole is obtained as:

[0062]

[0063] In the above formula, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage hole 31; ε is the interception and filtration coefficient of the irrigation bottle 3; C0 is the flow coefficient; g1 is the acceleration of gravity; (N, W) is the water and fertilizer demand of the vegetation; r is the single rainfall; h1 is the height difference between the free surface of the fertilizer liquid and the center of the drainage hole.

[0064] In the above formula, the interception and filtration coefficient ε, flow coefficient C0 and gravity acceleration g1 of the irrigation bottle 3 are all known parameters. Therefore, the drainage hole diameter o suitable for key protected vegetation can be calculated based on the local single precipitation r and the height difference h1 between the free surface of the fertilizer liquid and the center of the drainage hole.

[0065] Among them, the distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk needs to be calculated based on the vegetation crown width u and the average root depth h. The design principle is: the distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk is proportional to the vegetation crown width u and the degree of development of the vegetation root system. The taller the vegetation is, the better the growth is, and the farther the distance between the irrigation bottle and the protected vegetation is, and vice versa. The combined influence of the vegetation crown width u and the average root depth h is considered through the sum of squares, representing the "water demand space" of the vegetation. The soil moisture retention capacity C is a coefficient that reflects the influence of the soil water holding capacity and affects the scaling of the distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk. The logarithmic term is introduced to reflect the influence of the irrigation time T and the soil permeability K, reflecting the effective propagation of water in the soil. The exponential term represents the ratio of the average root depth h to the vegetation breast diameter c, reflecting the attenuation effect of water from the irrigation bottle to the vegetation root system. From l~(u, h, C, K, T) it can be seen that:

[0066]

[0067] In the above formula, K is the soil permeability; C is the soil moisture retention capacity; T is the irrigation time; u is the vegetation crown width; and h is the average root depth.

[0068] In the actual fertilization process, the user can select corresponding parameters according to the actual conditions of the soil and vegetation, and determine the distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk in combination with the above formula to ensure the fertilization accuracy and effectiveness of the key vegetation protection fertilization device.

[0069] The present invention provides a fertilizing device for key protected vegetation. A fertilizing box 1 is used to introduce fertilizer and collected rainwater to form fertilizer liquid in the fertilizing box 1. The fertilizer liquid is transported to corresponding irrigation bottles 3 from a plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes 2, and is discharged from a plurality of drainage holes 31 of the irrigation bottles 3 to irrigate the soil, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizing the key protected vegetation. The aperture o of the drainage hole 31 is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation and the single precipitation r. The distance l between the irrigation bottle and the tree trunk is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the crown width u of the vegetation, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil water permeability K and the irrigation time T. The installation position of the irrigation bottle 3 and the aperture of the drainage hole 31 are combined with the characteristic profile of the vegetation and the geographical environment factors. When fertilizing, the fertilization flow of the entire fertilizing device can be well matched with the key protected vegetation, thereby improving the adaptability of fertilization and achieving high fertilization accuracy.

[0070] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the burial depth d of each irrigation bottle is the same.

[0071] The burial depth d of the irrigation bottle is based on the average depth h of the fine roots of the vegetation. 细根 , vegetation water requirement W, average root depth h, soil moisture retention capacity C and soil water permeability K are quantitatively calculated.

[0072] Theoretically, the burial depth d of the irrigation bottle cannot be lower than the average root depth h of the vegetation. Considering that the fine roots of vegetation are absorbing roots, the average depth h of the fine roots of vegetation can be calculated from the average root depth h. 细根 Therefore, the burial depth d of the irrigation bottle should be close to the depth of the fine roots of the vegetation. In the implementation process, the burial depth d of the irrigation bottle is slightly greater than the average depth of the fine roots of the vegetation. , to ensure that the fertilizer liquid can reach the root system of the vegetation, namely:

[0073]

[0074] In the above formula, the coefficient is the correlation coefficient related to plant species and soil type; h is the average root depth; h 细根 is the average depth of vegetation fine roots; W is the water demand of vegetation; K is the soil water permeability; C is the soil water retention capacity.

[0075] The user can adjust the parameters in the above formula according to the situation, so as to accurately adjust the burial depth d of the irrigation bottle, ensure that the entire fertilization device can better adapt to the key protected vegetation when fertilizing, improve the accuracy of fertilization, and ensure that the key protected vegetation grows well.

[0076] The concentration f of the fertilizer solution is quantitatively calculated based on the fertilizer requirement N of the vegetation, the vegetation density veg ρ and the organic matter content n of the soil.

[0077] The amount of fertilizer applied is positively correlated with the water and fertilizer requirements of vegetation (N, W), positively correlated with vegetation density veg ρ, and negatively correlated with soil organic matter content n.

[0078] is the amount of water used to dissolve the fertilizer. By introducing the correction factor or the positive and negative proportional coefficient, two sets of formulas can be obtained, one set affected by the correction factor and the other set affected by the positive and negative proportional coefficient. Both sets of formulas can theoretically calculate the fertilizer concentration f based on the relevant influencing factors. By setting the correction factor β, we can get from f~[(N,W), r, vegρ, n]:

[0079]

[0080] or

[0081]

[0082] Right now:

[0083] In the above formula, β is the correction coefficient; N is the fertilizer requirement of vegetation; W is the water requirement of vegetation; vegρ is the vegetation density; n is the soil organic matter content; r is the single precipitation; K1 and K2 are proportional coefficients.

[0084] Users can adjust the parameters in the above formula according to the situation, so as to accurately adjust the fertilizer solution concentration f, ensure that the entire fertilization device can better adapt to the key protected vegetation when fertilizing, improve the accuracy of fertilization, and ensure that the key protected vegetation grows well.

[0085] In some embodiments, the water outlet inclination g of the drainage hole is perpendicular to the planting slope s of the vegetation.

[0086] The water outlet inclination g of the drainage hole is affected by the planting slope s. According to the gravity of the water flow and the location of the vegetation roots, the drainage pipe should be placed perpendicular to the slope and point to the vegetation roots, that is, the water outlet inclination g of the drainage hole is 90-s.

[0087] Second, as Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a vegetation precision water and fertilizer conservation system, comprising: a water collection device 4, a material storage device 5 and the key protected vegetation fertilization device as described above. The fertilization box 1 has a water inlet 11 and a material inlet 12. The water inlet 11 is connected to the water outlet 411 of the water collection device 4, and the material inlet 12 is connected to the material outlet of the material storage device 5.

[0088] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the water inlet 11 is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box 1, and the material inlet 12 is arranged at the top of the fertilizer box 1. The water collecting device 4 is used to collect rainfall and surface runoff to supply sufficient water to the fertilizer box 1. The material storage device 5 is fixed to the soil surface 100 and is used to store solid fertilizers. When in use, the water collecting device 4 passes a proper amount of water into the fertilizer box 1, and the material storage device 5 passes a proper amount of solid fertilizer into the fertilizer box 1. The solid fertilizer and water are mixed to form a fertilizer liquid. The fertilizer liquid is transported to the corresponding irrigation bottle 3 through a plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes 2, and each irrigation bottle 3 irrigates the protected vegetation with the fertilizer liquid.

[0089] In some embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the water collecting device 4 comprises a water collecting box 41, a filter material layer 42 and a movable cover plate 43. The water collecting box 41 is open.

[0090] The movable cover plate 43 is movably arranged on the groove wall of the water collecting box 41. The water collecting box 41 is divided into a water collecting area 44 and a filtering area 45 by the movable cover plate 43. The water collecting area 44 is located at the open end of the water collecting box 41. The filtering area 45 is located at the bottom end of the water collecting box 41. The filter material layer 42 is arranged in the filtering area 45. The water collecting box 41 is provided with a water outlet 411 corresponding to the filtering area 45, which is connected to the water inlet 11 of the fertilizer box 1.

[0091] In this embodiment, the filter area 45 is located below the soil surface 100, and the water collection area 44 is located above the soil surface 100. The movable cover 43 is movably provided on the water collection box 41 to separate the filter area 45 from the water collection area 44. When it rains, the movable cover 43 is opened to connect the water collection area 44 and the filter area 45, and the rainwater collected in the water collection area 44 flows into the filter area 45, and the collected rainwater is filtered by the filter material layer 42. Figure 5 As shown, the filter material layer 42 includes a 2 cm to 3 cm coarse charcoal layer 421, a 1 cm to 2 cm quartz sand layer 422, and a 0.5 cm to 1 cm crushed gravel layer 423.

[0092] A geotextile 4111 is provided at the outlet 411 of the water collecting tank 41 to prevent impurities and the filter material layer 42 in the water collecting tank 41 from entering the fertilizer box 1. When it is not necessary to collect rainwater, the movable cover 43 is closed to block the filter area 45 to prevent dust and other impurities from entering the filter area 45. In some embodiments, a partition 40 can be used to separate a box into a water collecting tank 41 and a fertilizer box 1. The partition 40 can be moved in the vertical direction. When it is necessary to pass the water in the filter area 45 into the fertilizer box 1, the partition 40 is moved up to allow the clean water to pass into the fertilizer box 1. After a proper amount of clean water is passed, the partition 40 is moved down to separate the water collecting tank 41 and the fertilizer box 1.

[0093] In some embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the water collection device 4 also includes a drain plate 46. The drain plate 46 is arranged at an angle so as to guide rainwater to slide down the wall of the drain plate 46 to the filter area 45 to ensure the water collection efficiency. One end of the drain plate 46 is fixedly connected to the open end of the water collection box 41, and the other end is slidably connected to the movable cover plate 43. Optionally, the movable cover plate 43 is fixed with a circular guide rail. One end of the drain plate 46 away from the open end of the water collection box 41 is slidably arranged on the circular guide rail so that the movable cover plate 43 can slide relative to the drain plate 46 to facilitate the opening and closing of the movable cover plate 43.

[0094] and / or, if Figure 4 As shown, the groove wall of the water collecting box 41 is provided with a runoff collection port 47 corresponding to the water collecting area 44. The runoff collection port 47 is used to collect the runoff from the soil surface 100, so as to gather the surface runoff into the water collecting box 41, especially when the protected vegetation is planted on a slope with a certain slope, the water collection efficiency can be greatly improved.

[0095] The vegetation precision water and fertilizer conservation system also includes a controller 6. A solenoid valve is installed at the discharge port of the storage device 5. A float sensor 8 is installed in the fertilizer box 1. The float sensor 8 and the solenoid valve are both connected to the controller 6 for communication.

[0096] Specifically, the float sensor 8 is used to sense the buoyancy change information of the liquid in the fertilizer tank 1. The controller 6 obtains the liquid level in the fertilizer tank 1 based on the buoyancy change information detected by the float sensor 8. When the liquid level in the fertilizer tank 1 reaches the preset liquid level, the controller 6 controls the solenoid valve to open for a preset time and then close, so that the storage device 5 quantitatively introduces fixed fertilizer into the fertilizer tank 1, thereby achieving quantitative control of the fertilizer liquid concentration and improving the accuracy of fertilization.

[0097] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, there are multiple water collecting devices 4 and fertilizer boxes 1, and the water inlets 11 of the multiple fertilizer boxes 1 are connected one by one with the water outlets 411 of the multiple water collecting devices 4, and the outlets of the material storage device 5 are respectively connected with the inlets of the multiple fertilizer boxes 1.

[0098] In some application scenarios, for vegetation with a large crown width and a wide root system, multiple water collection devices 4 and fertilizer boxes 1 can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the vegetation to increase the water collection amount and improve the uniformity of fertilizer irrigation to ensure good growth of vegetation. The storage device 5 is provided with multiple discharge ports. The multiple discharge ports are connected to the feed ports 12 of the multiple fertilizer boxes 1 in a one-to-one correspondence through multiple discharge pipes 51, and the discharge pipes 51 pass the solid fertilizer into the corresponding fertilizer box 1.

[0099] In some implementations, the principle of quantifying the theoretical density ρ of water collection devices is that theoretically, it is more appropriate to place three water collection devices around a key protected vegetation, with an initial value of ρ0=3 / tree. The theoretical density ρ of additional water collection devices beyond three is positively correlated with the water and fertilizer requirements of the vegetation (N, W), positively correlated with the vegetation density veg ρ, and negatively correlated with the single precipitation r, soil moisture w, and soil organic matter content n. The correction coefficient γ is established from ρ~[(N, W), r, veg ρ, n, w, s], and the exponential function is introduced to maintain the complexity and rationality of the formula, that is:

[0100]

[0101] or

[0102]

[0103] Thus we can obtain:

[0104]

[0105] In the above formula, ρ is the theoretical density of the water collection device; is the application density of the water collection device; γ is the correction coefficient; N is the fertilizer requirement of vegetation; W is the water requirement of vegetation; vegρ is the vegetation density; n is the soil organic matter content; r is the single precipitation; w is the soil moisture, and k is the proportional coefficient reflecting the influence of water and nutrition on the theoretical density ρ of the water collection device.

[0106] Therefore, users can adjust the parameters in the above formula according to the situation, so as to accurately adjust the application density of the water collection device. , ensuring that the entire vegetation precision water and fertilizer conservation system can better adapt to the key protected vegetation when fertilizing, improve the accuracy of fertilization, and ensure the good growth of key protected vegetation.

[0107] Since the precise water and fertilizer conservation system for vegetation includes a key protected vegetation fertilization device, and the specific structure of the key protected vegetation fertilization device refers to the above embodiment, the precise water and fertilizer conservation system for vegetation of this embodiment includes all the technical solutions of the above embodiment, and therefore has at least all the beneficial effects achieved by all the technical solutions of the above embodiment, which will not be described one by one here.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilizing device for key protected vegetation, characterized in that: include: A fertilization box, a fertilizer discharge pipe and an irrigation bottle; the fertilization box is used to introduce solid fertilizer and collected rainwater to form a fertilizer liquid in the fertilization box; The inlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the outlet of the fertilizer box, and the outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the irrigation bottle; the fertilizer discharge pipe and the irrigation bottle are both used to be buried in the soil to irrigate the vegetation; the irrigation bottle has a plurality of drainage holes arranged at intervals; there are multiple fertilizer discharge pipes and multiple irrigation bottles, and the multiple fertilizer discharge pipes are connected to the multiple irrigation bottles in a one-to-one correspondence; The diameter o of the drainage hole is based on the water and fertilizer requirements of the vegetation (N, W) and the single rainfall. Obtained through quantitative calculation; The buried distance l of the irrigation bottle from the tree trunk is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the vegetation crown width u, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C, the soil permeability K and the irrigation time T.

2. The device for fertilizing key protected vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer requirements (N, W) of the vegetation are based on the vegetation breast diameter c, the average root depth h and the vegetation crown width Quantitative calculations are performed.

3. The device for fertilizing key protected vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burial depth d of each of the irrigation bottles is the same; The burial depth d of the irrigation bottle is based on the average depth h of the fine roots of the vegetation. 细根 , the water requirement W of vegetation, the average root depth h, the soil moisture retention capacity C and the soil water permeability K are quantitatively calculated.

4. The device for fertilizing key protected vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration f of the fertilizer solution is obtained by quantitative calculation based on the fertilizer requirement N of the vegetation, the vegetation density veg ρ and the soil organic matter content n.

5. The device for fertilizing key protected vegetation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The water outlet inclination of the drainage hole is perpendicular to the planting slope direction of the vegetation.

6. A precise vegetation water and fertilizer conservation system, characterized in that: include: A water collection device, a material storage device and a key protected vegetation fertilization device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fertilization box has a water inlet and a material inlet, the water inlet is connected to the water outlet of the water collection device, and the material inlet is connected to the material outlet of the material storage device.

7. The vegetation precise water and fertilizer conservation system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The water collection device comprises a water collection box, a filter material layer and a movable cover plate; the water collection box is open; The movable cover plate is movably arranged on the groove wall of the water collecting box, and the water collecting box is divided into a water collecting area and a filtering area by the movable cover plate. The water collecting area is located at the open end of the water collecting box, and the filtering area is located at the bottom end of the water collecting box. The filter material layer is arranged in the filtering area, and the water collecting box is provided with a water outlet corresponding to the filtering area and connected with the water inlet of the fertilizer box.

8. The vegetation precise water and fertilizer conservation system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The water collecting device further comprises a drainage plate, which is arranged in an inclined manner, and one end of the drainage plate is fixedly connected to the open end of the water collecting box, and the other end is slidably connected to the movable cover plate; And / or, a runoff collection port is provided on the groove wall of the water collecting box corresponding to the water collecting area.

9. The vegetation precise water and fertilizer conservation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, and the discharge port of the material storage device is equipped with an electromagnetic valve; a float sensor is installed in the fertilizer box, and the float sensor and the electromagnetic valve are both communicatively connected with the controller.

10. The vegetation precise water and fertilizer conservation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are multiple water collecting devices and multiple fertilizer boxes, the water inlets of the multiple fertilizer boxes are connected to the water outlets of the multiple water collecting devices in a one-to-one correspondence, and the outlets of the material storage device are respectively connected to the inlets of the multiple fertilizer boxes.

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