Feed for improving body color of litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed application, and discloses a feed for improving the body color of litopenaeus vannamei. The addition of the hermetia illucens ointment provides rich essential amino acids and trace elements for the litopenaeus vannamei, which are key factors for the formation of the body color and the appearance quality of the litopenaeus vannamei. The method is crucial for improving the buying desire of consumers and the market competitiveness of products, the economic value of the litopenaeus vannamei is directly increased, and the overall economic benefit is improved. Due to the environment-friendly characteristic of the hermetia illucens ointment, the feed formula disclosed by the invention is also beneficial to improving the growth efficiency and health level of the prawns. Nutrient components in the hermetia illucens ointment are easy to digest and absorb, the prawns can better utilize the nutrients to support the growth and development of the prawns, and the resistance of the prawns to diseases is enhanced. By adding the insect protein hermetia illucens paste, the use amount of the fish meal is reduced, the feed cost is effectively reduced, and the feed shows significant benefits in improving the body color and appearance quality of the litopenaeus vannamei.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed application, and more specifically relates to a feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid growth of the global aquaculture industry, the market demand for Penaeus vannamei, as one of the main aquaculture species, has become increasingly strong. The "2023 China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook" shows that Penaeus vannamei is rich in nutrients, delicious, and has a large annual output. In 2021, the output of marine aquaculture reached 1.2731 million tons. This shows that Penaeus vannamei occupies an important position in China's aquaculture industry and has significant economic value. According to relevant statistics, the aquaculture output of Penaeus vannamei accounts for an important proportion of the global marine aquaculture output, and its body color and appearance quality directly affect consumer acceptance and market competitiveness. Penaeus vannamei has become an important part of the global aquaculture industry with its rapid growth rate, high survival rate and good adaptability. Its bright body color and excellent appearance quality of shrimp can not only meet consumers' pursuit of food, but also is an important guarantee for the economic benefits of shrimp farming. However, traditional farming models often focus on the growth efficiency of shrimp, but ignore the in-depth research and improvement of body color and appearance quality. With the development of the economy and the improvement of living standards, consumers have higher and higher requirements for the quality of aquatic products, which has prompted us to systematically study and improve the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei. Through in-depth research on the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei, we can not only enhance its market value and meet consumers' quality life needs, but also bring greater economic benefits to the shrimp farming industry. As an important factor affecting the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei, the optimization of its formula and nutritional components plays an important role in improving the quality of shrimp. Therefore, the research and development of compound feeds that can improve the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of the shrimp farming industry.

[0003] The rapid expansion of the global aquaculture industry has brought about an urgent need for efficient feeds, especially protein ingredients. Traditionally, fishmeal has played an irreplaceable role in aquatic feeds with its high protein content and balanced amino acid composition. However, due to insufficient supply, price fluctuations and potential impacts on the environment, it has become particularly urgent to find protein sources to replace fishmeal. Currently, potential alternatives include animal protein, plant protein and single-cell protein. Animal protein sources, such as meat meal and meat and bone meal, although high in protein content, have problems with rapid oxidation, high fat content and low digestibility. In addition, the risk of animal-borne diseases also limits their use. Plant protein sources, such as soybean meal and cottonseed meal, although widely available, have deficiencies in palatability, protein efficiency and balance of essential amino acids, and contain anti-nutritional factors that may affect the health of aquatic animals. Single-cell protein sources, despite their potential, are limited by their non-protein nitrogen content, and specific products, such as monosodium glutamate mycoprotein, face problems of low protein content, unbalanced amino acids and low digestibility.

[0004] In view of these challenges, the development of a safe and economical fish meal substitute is of great significance to promote the green development of aquaculture. Such a substitute needs to have a high protein content and have no negative impact on the growth performance and health of farmed animals. In addition, the production process of the substitute should be environmentally friendly to reduce the burden on the ecosystem. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the current status of the prior art, the present application first provides the application of black soldier fly paste in improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The invention first provides a method for preparing a black soldier fly insect cream, comprising the following steps: (1) collecting black soldier fly larvae, cleaning them, and sterilizing them at 90 DEG C; (2) putting the sterilized black soldier fly larvae into a 30-50 mesh grinder for grinding and pulping; (3) adding an alkaline substance, performing a deacylation reaction for 0.3-0.5h to obtain a hydrolyzed primary product; (4) sterilizing the primary product, adjusting the pH to 4-5; (5) adding an acidic substance, performing an acidic humidification reaction, filtering the reacted substance to obtain a coarse residue, and concentrating the filtered liquid to prepare the black soldier fly insect cream.

[0010] Different from black soldier fly protozoa and black soldier fly powder, the black soldier fly paste prepared by the present invention is obtained by hydrolysis technology, thereby improving the utilization rate of protozoa, hydrolyzing proteins into amino acids and small peptides; hydrolyzing fats into fatty acids; and hydrolyzing ribonucleic acid (DNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA) into small molecule nucleotides. The chitin contained in the insect skin is also mostly decomposed. This makes the insect paste more attractive and easier to digest, and the ammonium humate, fatty acid ammonium, phosphate sugar, humic acid phosphate, uronic acid phosphate, fatty acid phosphate produced by hydrolysis, these small molecular organic substances are accompanied by multiple functional groups and are natural biostimulants, which are beneficial to the improvement of body color and the growth of the body.

[0011] Preferably, in the method for preparing the above-mentioned black soldier fly insect ointment, the alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide; and the acidic substance is selected from hydrochloric acid.

[0012] The invention also provides application of the black soldier fly paste obtained by the method in improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

[0013] The invention also provides the use of the black soldier fly paste obtained by the method as a feed additive in improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

[0014] The present invention also provides a feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61.3-61.5 parts of protein source raw materials, 24-28 parts of carbohydrate raw materials, 3.39-3.71 parts of fat source raw materials, 0.10-0.18 parts of amino acid supplement, 1.0 parts of vitamin premix, 0.5-2.5 parts of bran, 1.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 parts of ethoxyquinoline and 0.6 parts of betaine;

[0015] The protein source raw materials include super red fish meal, rapeseed meal, shrimp shell meal, corn protein meal, peanut meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and brewer's yeast, and black soldier fly paste; the black soldier fly paste is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 parts.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) mixing a protein source raw material, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, ethoxyquinoline, monocalcium phosphate and betaine to obtain a mixture 1;

[0018] (2) crushing the protein source raw material and mixing it with the carbohydrate raw material to obtain a second mixture;

[0019] (3) Mixture 1 and mixture 2 are mixed to obtain mixture 3;

[0020] (4) Mixture 3 and insect protein black soldier fly paste are mixed step by step to obtain mixture 4;

[0021] (5) Mixing the mixed material 4 with the fat source raw material, and adding water to obtain feed embryos;

[0022] (6) The feed is made into strips, placed in an oven at 75° C., aged for 15 min, and then dried to obtain the feed.

[0023] Preferably, the mixing in step (1), step (2) and step (3) is performed using a V-shaped vertical mixer.

[0024] Preferably, the mixing time in step (2) is 5 minutes; the mixing time in step (3) is 7 minutes; and the mixing time in step (4) is 8 minutes.

[0025] Preferably, the mixture obtained after the mixing in step (5) has a mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of less than 5%.

[0026] Preferably, the drying in step (6) is performed by standing at 25° C. for 48 hours, and after the drying, the water content of the feed is not higher than 8%.

[0027] As a preferred specific embodiment, the feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei contains the following raw materials in respective mass fractions: 17% super red fish meal, 7% rapeseed meal, 3% shrimp shell meal, 6% corn gluten meal, 8% peanut meal, 10% soybean meal, 8% cottonseed meal, 5% brewer's yeast, 1.56% black soldier fly paste, 25% flour, 0.18% lysine, 1% vitamin premix, 1% mineral premix, 0.05% vitamin C, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% ethoxyquinoline, 0.6% betaine, 1% fish oil, 1% soybean oil, 1% soybean lecithin, and 1.56% bran.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention provides a feed for improving the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei. By adding insect protein black soldier fly paste, the amount of fish meal used is reduced, the feed cost is effectively reduced, and significant benefits are shown in improving the body color and appearance quality of Penaeus vannamei. This method responds to the market demand for high-quality aquatic products, and is also in line with the current focus on environmental protection and sustainability. The addition of black soldier fly paste provides Penaeus vannamei with abundant essential amino acids and trace elements, which are key factors in the formation of the body color and improvement of the appearance quality of the shrimp. Through the intake of these nutrients, the body color of the shrimp is enhanced, showing a brighter and more natural color, which is crucial to enhancing consumers' desire to buy and the market competitiveness of the product. The improved body color and appearance quality also directly increase the economic value of the Penaeus vannamei and improve the overall economic benefits.

[0030] Due to the environmental protection characteristics of the black soldier fly insect cream, the breeding process using this feed is more in line with the concept of sustainable development and reduces the burden on the environment. The feed formula of the present invention also helps to improve the growth efficiency and health level of shrimps. Since the nutrients in the black soldier fly insect cream are easy to digest and absorb, the shrimps can better utilize these nutrients to support their growth and development, thereby enhancing the resistance of the shrimps to diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 These are photos of Penaeus vannamei (raw and cooked) for identification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to better illustrate the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments. In the embodiments, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0033] Embodiment 1 Hydrolysis process of black soldier fly insect cream

[0034] The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting black soldier fly larvae with a water content of 65%, cleaning them, and killing them at 90°C; (2) putting the killed black soldier fly larvae into a 40-mesh grinder to grind and slurry them; (3) adding alkaline substances for deacylation, such as 20% by volume potassium hydroxide solution, to react for 0.45h to obtain a hydrolyzed primary product; (4) sterilizing the primary product at 120°C and 0.3Mpa for 2h, and then adjusting the pH value to 4-5; (5) adding 20% ​​by volume hydrochloric acid solution, and carrying out an acidic wet reaction for 2h, filtering and removing the residue from the reacted substance to obtain a hydrolyzed paste with a water content of 65%, and after being tested and qualified, filling, storing, and leaving the factory for use.

[0035] Example 2 Feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei

[0036] The invention comprises the following raw materials in respective mass percentages: 17.5% super red fish meal, 7% rapeseed meal, 3% shrimp shell meal, 6% corn gluten meal, 8% peanut meal, 10% soybean meal, 8% cottonseed meal, 5% brewer's yeast, 0.52% black soldier fly paste, 25% flour, 0.14% lysine, 1% vitamin premix, 1% mineral premix, 0.05% vitamin C, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% ethoxyquinoline, 0.6% betaine, 1% fish oil, 1% soybean oil, 1% soybean lecithin, and 2.14% bran.

[0037] The method for preparing the feed comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Grind super red fish meal, rapeseed meal, shrimp shell meal, corn protein meal, peanut meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, brewer's yeast and bran, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0039] S2. Weigh the raw materials of each component according to the ratio, and fully mix the super red fish meal, rapeseed meal, shrimp shell meal, corn protein meal, peanut meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, brewer's yeast and flour sieved in S1 in a V-shaped vertical mixer.

[0040] S3. Thoroughly mix lysine, vitamin premix, mineral premix, vitamin C, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ethoxyquinoline and betaine.

[0041] S4. The mixture of S2, the mixture of S3 and the black soldier fly paste are fully mixed by a V-shaped vertical mixer.

[0042] S5. Mix the mixture of S4, fish oil, soybean oil and soybean lecithin thoroughly and evenly.

[0043] S6. Add appropriate amount of water (20% volume fraction) and mix thoroughly with the mixture obtained in S5.

[0044] S7. Make feed strips from the materials evenly mixed in S6, put them into a 75° C. oven, mature them for 15 minutes, and then dry them.

[0045] S8. Dry the pellet feed and then pack it into bags.

[0046] Example 3 Feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei

[0047] The invention comprises the following raw materials in respective mass percentages: 17% super red fish meal, 7% rapeseed meal, 3% shrimp shell meal, 6% corn gluten meal, 8% peanut meal, 10% soybean meal, 8% cottonseed meal, 5% brewer's yeast, 1.56% black soldier fly paste, 25% flour, 0.18% lysine, 1% vitamin premix, 1% mineral premix, 0.05% vitamin C, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% ethoxyquin, 0.6% betaine, 1% fish oil, 1% soybean oil, 1% soybean lecithin, and 1.56% bran.

[0048] The preparation method of the feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0049] Example 4 Feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei

[0050] The invention comprises the following raw materials in respective mass percentages: 16.5% super red fish meal, 7% rapeseed meal, 3% shrimp shell meal, 6% corn gluten meal, 8% peanut meal, 10% soybean meal, 8% cottonseed meal, 5% brewer's yeast, 2.6% black soldier fly paste, 25% flour, 0.23% lysine, 1% vitamin premix, 1% mineral premix, 0.05% vitamin C, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% ethoxyquin, 0.6% betaine, 1% fish oil, 1% soybean oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin and 0.97% bran.

[0051] The preparation method of the feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 Feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei

[0053] The invention comprises the following raw materials in respective mass percentages: 18% super red fish meal, 7% rapeseed meal, 3% shrimp shell meal, 6% corn gluten meal, 8% peanut meal, 10% soybean meal, 8% cottonseed meal, 5% brewer's yeast, 25% flour, 0.1% lysine, 1% vitamin premix, 1% mineral premix, 0.05% vitamin C, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.05% ethoxyquinoline, 0.6% betaine, 1% fish oil, 1% soybean oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin and 2.2% bran.

[0054] The preparation method of the feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0055] The feeds prepared in Example 2 to Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 were analyzed to obtain Table 1, which lists the nutritional components of each feed.

[0056] Table 1

[0057] Nutritional level % Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Moisture 6.75 7.90 7.61 7.56 Crude Protein 41.3 41.5 41.4 41.7 Crude fat 7.39 7.68 7.71 7.89 Coarse ash 8.77 8.52 8.66 8.72

[0058] The feeds of the comparative example and the example were used to feed the shrimps. Except for the difference in the feeds, other conditions were the same (the feeding amount was 8% of the body weight, adjusted according to the feeding situation, and the feeds were fed at 7:00 and 12:00, 17:00 and 22:00 every day). After 70 days of cultivation, the final weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the shrimps were calculated (the results are shown in Table 2). The L*, a* and b* values ​​of the shrimps in two states (fresh shrimp and cooked shrimp) were detected by a colorimeter (see Table 3). The body color and appearance of the shrimps were qualitatively analyzed by digital photography technology, and the changes in their color and appearance quality were evaluated by intuitive vision (see Table 4). Figure 1 ).

[0059] Table 2 Growth performance of Penaeus vannamei

[0060] project Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Initial weight (g) 0.38±0.00 0.38±0.00 0.38±0.00 0.38±0.00 Final mass (g) <![CDATA[10.79±0.10 b ]]> <![CDATA[10.71±0.26 b ]]> <![CDATA[11.42±0.19 a ]]> <![CDATA[9.87±0.07 c ]]> Specific growth rate (%) <![CDATA[4.78±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[4.65±0.03 b ]]> <![CDATA[4.86±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.65±0.01 c ]]> Weight gain rate (% / d) <![CDATA[2712.52±23.04 b ]]> <![CDATA[2689.80±66.73 b ]]> <![CDATA[2872.88±52.44 a ]]> <![CDATA[2477.38±11.23 c ]]>

[0061] The results in Table 2 show that the shrimp fed with the feed of Example 3 grew well, but the growth performance of the shrimp fed with Example 4 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. There was no significant difference in the growth performance of the shrimp fed with the feed of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2.

[0062] Table 3 lists the body colors of the shrimp fed each group of feed. Figure 1 It can be seen that through visual perception and colorimeter analysis, the redness values ​​of cooked shrimps in Examples 2 and 3 are significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1, and there is a significant difference between the two. However, the redness value of the shrimp fed with the feed of Example 3 is significantly lower than that of Example 2, which indicates that when the addition amount of the black soldier fly paste is too high, the redness value of the shrimp not only no longer increases, but decreases, and also affects the growth performance of the shrimp (smaller individuals).

[0063] By comparing the above results, it can be seen that the feed of the present invention can reduce feed costs, does not affect the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei, and can improve the body color of the shrimp and improve the appearance quality.

[0064] Table 3 L*, a*, b* values ​​of Penaeus vannamei

[0065]

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a black soldier fly insect cream, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Collecting black soldier fly larvae, cleaning them, and sterilizing them at 90°C; (2) Grinding the sterilized black soldier fly larvae into a 30-50 mesh grinder to make pulp; (3) Adding alkaline substances, performing a deacylation reaction for 0.3-0.5h to obtain a hydrolyzed primary product; (4) After sterilizing the primary product, adjusting the pH to 4-5; (5) Adding acidic substances, performing an acidic wet reaction, filtering the reacted substances to obtain a coarse residue, and concentrating the filtered liquid to prepare a black soldier fly paste.

2. The method for preparing the black soldier fly insect cream according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide; the acidic substance is hydrochloric acid.

3. Use of the black soldier fly paste obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 or 2 in improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

4. Use of the black soldier fly paste obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 or 2 as a feed additive in improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei.

5. A feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61.3-61.5 parts of protein source raw materials, 24-28 parts of carbohydrate raw materials, 3.39-3.71 parts of fat source raw materials, 0.10-0.18 parts of amino acid supplement, 1.0 parts of vitamin premix, 0.5-2.5 parts of bran, 1.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 parts of ethoxyquinoline and 0.6 parts of betaine; The protein source raw materials include super red fish meal, rapeseed meal, shrimp shell meal, corn protein meal, peanut meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and brewer's yeast, and black soldier fly paste; the black soldier fly paste is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 parts.

6. The feed for improving the body color of Penaeus vannamei according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention contains the following raw materials in respective mass fractions: super red fish meal 17%, rapeseed meal 7%, shrimp shell meal 3%, corn gluten meal 6%, peanut meal 8%, soybean meal 10%, cottonseed meal 8%, brewer's yeast 5%, black soldier fly paste 1.56%, flour 25%, lysine 0.18%, vitamin premix 1%, mineral premix 1%, vitamin C 0.05%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, ethoxyquinoline 0.05%, betaine 0.6%, fish oil 1%, soybean oil 1%, soybean lecithin 1.5%, bran 1.56%.

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