Design method of automatic back-gouging-free welding process for butt joint of T-shaped ribs

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic back-gouging-welding-free process design method for T-shaped rib butt joint, T-shaped ribs comprise panels and webs connected with the panels, X-shaped grooves are formed between the panels of every two adjacent T-shaped ribs and between the webs, the depth P of the grooves in the inner sides of the panels is equal to 0.5 * t1 * tg (gamma / 2) / tg (beta / 2), t1 is the thickness size of the webs, gamma is the angle of the grooves of the webs, and beta is the thickness size of the webs. Beta is the angle of the inner side groove of the panel. According to the technical scheme, back-gouging-free groove design parameters are provided, rib end butt-joint groove machining is conducted according to the parameters, the method is suitable for the automatic welding process, basic conditions are provided for the high-quality automatic welding process of T-shaped rib butt-joint welding seams, the back-gouging-free effect can be achieved, and good groove conditions are created for automatic gas shielded welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automatic welding, and in particular to a process design method for automatic cleaning-free root welding of T-shaped rib butt joints. Background Art

[0002] Regarding the automatic welding of T-shaped ring rib structure butt welds, the closest existing technologies are manual arc welding and manual semi-automatic gas shielded welding technology for the longitudinal seams of annular structure splicing. Both of the above methods use manually operated welding guns to complete the welding work. The welding process is greatly affected by the welder's operating stability and has high technical requirements for the welder.

[0003] The process parameters and process requirements of manual arc welding and manual semi-automatic gas shielded welding can no longer meet the requirements of automatic welding. In terms of the automatic welding process of T-rib butt welds, the automatic welding of high-quality steel T-rib end butt welds requires root cleaning operations, which needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a process design method for automatic root cleaning-free welding of T-rib butt joints, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that automatic welding of T-rib end butt welds requires root cleaning operations.

[0005] The present application provides a T-shaped rib butt automatic root welding process design method, wherein the T-shaped rib comprises a panel and a web connected to the panel, an X-shaped groove is formed between the panels and the webs of two adjacent T-shaped ribs, and the depth of the inner groove of the panel is P=0.5×t 1 ×tg(γ / 2)÷tg(β / 2), t 1 is the plate thickness of the web, γ is the groove angle of the web, and β is the inner groove angle of the panel.

[0006] In some embodiments, the angle of the outer groove of the panel is not less than 55°, and the root blunt edge radius r of the panel and the web is not greater than 1 mm.

[0007] In some embodiments, when welding two adjacent T-shaped ribs, the assembly gap between the two adjacent T-shaped ribs is controlled to be 3 mm-7 mm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the thickness of the panel is controlled to be between 34 mm and 50 mm, and the thickness of the web is controlled to be between 34 mm and 50 mm. 1 Controlled within 14mm-30mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, a test plate simulating a T-shaped rib is used for welding verification to obtain welding shrinkage dimensions of T-shaped ribs of different specifications. The welding shrinkage dimensions are used to clarify the requirements for the T-shaped rib's no-residue manufacturing layout dimensions.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the thickness of the panel is 34 mm ≤ t ≤ 40 mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel is controlled to be 1 / 2 t 1 ±2mm;

[0011] When the thickness dimension t of the panel is 40mm<t≤50mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel is 18mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the opening size of the groove of the web is equal to the opening size of the inner groove of the panel.

[0013] In some embodiments, the groove angle of the web is greater than the inner groove angle of the panel. At the corner from the web to the panel, the groove angle at the corner gradually changes and smoothly transitions from the groove angle of the web to the inner groove angle of the panel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned groove is processed on the T-shaped rib, and TIG base welding and MIG filling welding are performed on the X-shaped groove to form a spindle-shaped weld at the corner from the web to the panel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the welding sequence of two adjacent T-shaped ribs includes:

[0016] One side of the web and the inner side of the face plate are welded integrally;

[0017] Perform standing welding on the outside of the panel;

[0018] The T-shaped rib is turned over, and then the other side of the web and the inner side of the panel are welded as an integral whole.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: a method for designing an automatic root-cleaning-free welding process for T-rib butt joint is provided, which is mainly used for the automatic welding of a T-shaped ring rib structure. The T-shaped ring rib structure includes a plurality of T-shaped ribs sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction. Two adjacent T-shaped ribs need to be welded by automatic welding. The T-shaped rib includes a panel and a web connected to the panel. The panels and webs of two adjacent T-shaped ribs need to be butt jointed respectively. The design method is to design the butt joint grooves of the panels and webs of two adjacent T-shaped ribs, and an X-shaped groove scheme is adopted. An X-shaped groove is formed between the panels of two adjacent T-shaped ribs, and an X-shaped groove is formed between the webs of two adjacent T-shaped ribs, and the depth P of the inner groove of the panel is limited to 0.5×t 1 ×tg(γ / 2)÷tg(β / 2), where t 1is the plate thickness of the web, γ is the angle of the web groove, and β is the angle of the inner groove of the panel; the present application provides design parameters for the groove that does not require root cleaning. The rib end butt groove is processed according to the parameters of the present application, which is suitable for automatic welding technology and provides basic conditions for high-quality automatic welding technology of T-rib butt welds. It can achieve the effect of no root cleaning and create good groove conditions for automatic gas shielded welding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of two adjacent T-ribs forming an X-shaped groove in a T-rib butt automatic root welding process design method provided in the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the blunt edge of the root of a T-shaped rib;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a detailed schematic diagram of the X-shaped groove of the web;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the weld of the panel;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the weld of the web;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the welding sequence provided for this application.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are marked with: 10-panel, 11-inner side, 12-outer side, 20-web, 30-X-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Regarding the manual arc welding method and the manual semi-automatic gas shielded welding method for the longitudinal seam of the annular structure, both methods use a manually operated welding gun to complete the welding work, and the welding process is greatly affected by the welder's operating stability. When welding large quantities and long welds, a large number of high-level welders are required.

[0029] High-quality annular structure is welded through the longitudinal seam. After welding, ultrasonic flaw detection level I and radiographic flaw detection level II must be qualified. The welding quality requirements are high. The use of automatic welding is conducive to ensuring welding quality, improving welding efficiency and reducing welder intensity.

[0030] Automatic welding has the advantages of controllable welding speed, continuous and stable welding process, and is not affected by the welder's physical strength. However, its adaptive adjustment is worse than manual welding, and the stability of the welding process is easily affected by external factors such as grooves.

[0031] The process parameters and process requirements of manual arc welding and manual semi-automatic gas shielded welding can no longer meet the requirements of automatic welding. In order to maximize the welding efficiency and ensure the welding quality, the welding speed, welding voltage and current, process requirements, etc. need to be optimized in a targeted manner.

[0032] This application mainly solves the problem of root cleaning-free groove design required for automatic welding of T-shaped rib butt welds, provides root cleaning-free "spindle-shaped" groove design parameters, and processes the rib end butt groove according to the parameters of this patent, which can meet the high-quality automatic welding process requirements of T-shaped rib butt welds.

[0033] This application is used for automatic welding of T-shaped ring rib structure, which includes a plurality of T-shaped ribs distributed in sequence along the circumferential direction, and it is necessary to weld two adjacent T-shaped ribs by automatic welding. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The T-shaped rib includes a panel 10 and a web 20 connected to the panel 10. The panels 10 and webs 20 of two adjacent T-shaped ribs need to be butted against each other. In the T-shaped rib butt automatic root welding process design method provided in this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 An X-shaped groove 30 is formed between the face plates 10 of two adjacent T-shaped ribs and between the webs 20. An X-shaped groove 30 is formed between the face plates 10 of two adjacent T-shaped ribs and between the webs 20 of two adjacent T-shaped ribs. The side of the face plate 10 facing the web 20 is defined as the inner side 11 of the face plate 10, and the side of the face plate 10 facing away from the web 20 is defined as the outer side 12 of the face plate 10. Figure 1 The depth P of the inner groove of the panel 10 is shown in FIG. 1 . In the present application, the depth P of the inner groove of the panel 10 is 0.5×t 1 ×tg(γ / 2)÷tg(β / 2), tg is the tangent function in mathematics, the × in the formula represents the multiplication sign, and the ÷ in the formula represents the division sign. Figure 3 Show 1 , t 1 is the plate thickness of the web 20, Figure 3 γ is shown, where γ is the angle of the groove of the web 20, Figure 1 β is shown, which is the angle of the inner groove of the panel 10.

[0034] The present application provides design parameters for the groove that does not require root cleaning. The groove processing of the rib end butt joint is carried out according to the parameters of the present application. It is suitable for automatic welding technology and provides basic conditions for high-quality automatic welding technology of T-rib butt welds. It can achieve the effect of not requiring root cleaning and create good groove conditions for automatic gas shielded welding.

[0035] This application is directed to the web 20 thickness t1 In the automatic gas shielded welding of 14mm-30mm T-rib butt welds, the dimensional details such as various areas without root cleaning, multi-station groove angles, sizes, opening widths, etc. will be described, which can ensure the continuity of the weld and the feasibility of groove processing during automatic welding without root cleaning. It is a groove processing method for annular rib structures without excess, creating good groove conditions, installation accuracy, and deformation control measures for automatic gas shielded welding.

[0036] The T-shaped rib end groove is designed with reference to the general groove size of gas shielded welding or relevant special standards. The thickness and groove form of the web 20 and the panel 10 are quite different. At the same time, there are differences in the opening size of the corner weld where the web 20 and the panel 10 transition. The groove of the web 20 with a thickness of 14mm-30mm and the panel 10 with a thickness of 34mm-50mm is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the depth P of the inner groove of the panel 10 is 0.5×t 1 ×tg(γ / 2)÷tg(β / 2), Figure 1 The angle α of the outer groove of the panel 10 is shown in FIG. 1 , and it is required that α is not less than 55°. Figure 2 The blunt edge of the root of the T-rib is shown. The blunt edge of the welding groove design is the end face without groove. Figure 2 The root blunt edge radius r of the face plate 10 and the web 20 is shown, and it is required that r shall not be greater than 1 mm.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , two adjacent T-shaped ribs present symmetry between the web 20 and the face plate 10. After welding, the weld formed at the corner between the web 20 and the face plate 10 presents a spindle shape. After the groove surface of the T-shaped rib is processed, it needs to be assembled. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The assembly clearance c is shown, and the assembly clearance c is required to be controlled within 3mm-7mm.

[0038] The robot is used to automatically weld the bevel of the butt weld of the T-rib for verification. It is necessary to perform welding verification based on a test plate that can simulate the T-rib. The test plate is the same in structure shape and size as the T-rib it simulates. By measuring and clarifying the welding shrinkage size of T-ribs of different specifications, the subsequent full-circle annular T-rib manufacturing without margin lofting size requirements are clarified. In some embodiments, before the full circle is manufactured, the shrinkage rate of the 1 / 4 rib manufacturing needs to be considered.

[0039] The web 20 and the panel 10 are integrated through multi-station transformation, and the consistency of the groove width is an important parameter that can be achieved through welding automation. The web 20 maintains a symmetrical groove. In order to maintain the consistency of the groove width between the inner side 11 of the panel and the web 20, the difference in the groove angles of the panel 10 and the web 20 is to ensure the quality of the butt weld of the thicker panel 10, as well as the butt weld area of ​​the fillet weld between the web 20 and the panel 10. A "spindle shape" is formed in this area to achieve a smooth transition. When using automatic welding, if the groove width is too small, the welding gun nozzle will interfere with the parent material, which will cause the wire to be too long during the root weld, affecting the stability of the welding arc; if the groove width is too large, it will lead to an increase in the filling amount and the cover layer size will be too large. To solve this problem, when designing the groove, the groove width of the first weld surface is based on the panel 10, while reducing the unevenness of the weld filling inside and outside the panel 10. The groove width of the first weld surface refers to Figure 4 The size b2 and Figure 5 The dimension b1 in the figure is also the opening dimension. b1 refers to the opening dimension of the groove of the web 20, and b2 refers to the opening dimension of the inner groove of the panel 10. It is necessary to make b2=b1, that is, the opening dimension of the groove of the web 20 is equal to the opening dimension of the inner groove of the panel 10. In the actual design process, the opening dimension b1 is kept above 20mm.

[0040] Groove depth is an important parameter for welding and one of the key factors to ensure the consistency of weld formation coefficient. In order to ensure the welding quality and weld appearance consistency of the root and filling area, when designing the root-free groove, the panel 10 is made into an X-shaped groove 30. When the plate thickness t of the panel 10 is 34mm≤t≤40mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel 10 is 1 / 2 of the web 20 plate thickness t 1 , the allowable deviation is 0-2mm; when the thickness dimension t of the panel 10 is 40mm<t≤50mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel 10 is 18mm, and the grooves and filling amount on both sides of the panel 10 are appropriately asymmetric, Figure 4 The graphic clearly shows the meaning of the asymmetry.

[0041] The groove design details at the weld corner between the web 20 and the panel 10 of the T-shaped rib are one of the key factors to ensure the qualified automatic welding of the horizontal / vertical position conversion. When designing the "spindle-shaped" groove at the corner, the groove angle is gradually transformed and smoothly transitioned from 80° to 60°. 80° is the angle of the groove of the web 20, and 60° is the angle of the inner groove of the panel 10. It should be noted that the angle of the groove of the web 20 is not limited to 80°, and the angle of the inner groove of the panel 10 is not limited to 60°, but the angle of the groove of the web 20 is greater than the angle of the inner groove of the panel 10. At the corner from the web 20 to the panel 10, the groove angle at the corner is gradually transformed from the angle of the groove of the web 20 to the angle of the inner groove of the panel 10 and Smooth transition; it is also necessary to ensure that the opening size of the groove of the web 20 is equal to the opening size of the inner groove of the panel 10, the groove depth of the web 20 is 1 / 2 of the thickness of the web 20, the groove depth of the inner side 11 of the panel is close to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the panel 10, the groove depth of the inner side 11 of the panel is less than 1 / 2 of the thickness of the panel 10, and the groove depth from the web 20 to the panel 10 is a change value of about 1 / 2 of the thickness of the web 20 - 1 / 2 of the thickness of the web 20 + weld fillet thickness - 1 / 2 of the side thickness of the panel 10. Finally, from the groove angle, the depth gradually changes to achieve a change in the final welding filling amount.

[0042] The automatic welding of the unequal thickness butt welds of T-shaped ribs made of high-strength and high-quality steel without root cleaning ensures the consistency of the groove and uniform assembly accuracy, meeting the requirements of the multi-station integrated automatic welding process. This patent solves the problem of the root cleaning-free groove design required for the automatic welding of the butt welds of high-quality steel T-shaped rib ends such as web 20 thickness 16-28mm and panel 1032-46mm alloy, and provides the design parameters of the "spindle-shaped" groove without root cleaning. The groove processing of the T-shaped rib ends according to the parameters of this patent can meet the high-quality automatic welding process requirements of various T-shaped rib butt welds.

[0043] The above-mentioned T-rib butt automatic root cleaning-free welding process design method, the features of which have been applied in the robot automatic gas shielded welding of the butt weld of the web 20-panel 10 end of the T-shaped annular rib with a diameter of 4m-10m. On the basis of the above-mentioned design method, the present application also studies the welding method, processes the above-mentioned groove on the T-shaped rib, performs TIG base welding and MIG filling welding on the X-shaped groove 30, Figure 4 and Figure 5Both the base weld and the filler weld are shown, and a spindle-shaped weld can be formed at the corner from the web 20 to the panel 10. The full spelling of TIG is Tungsten Inert Gas Welding, also known as non-melting inert gas shielded arc welding; the full spelling of MIG is Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding, MIG welding () is inert gas shielded arc welding; these two welding technologies have been widely used in professional fields and will not be described here.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A welding sequence is shown, in which the face plate 10 is arranged in a vertical position and the web 20 is arranged in a horizontal position. Figure 6 ①②③ respectively express the welding direction and the order of welding. ① expresses the integrated welding of one side of the web 20 and the inner side 11 of the panel, ② expresses the standing welding of the outer side 12 of the panel, and ③ expresses the integrated welding of the other side of the web 20 and the inner side 11 of the panel.

[0045] The following will be specifically described in conjunction with the robot automatic gas shielded welding of the butt weld between the web 20 and the face plate 10 of a T-shaped annular rib with a diameter of 4m-10m. The main process is as follows: 1) Select a T-shaped rib with a web 20 thickness of 22mm and a face plate 10 thickness of 44mm, and the groove form is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 3 Processing; 2) According to Figure 6 The weld code ① in the figure is to weld one side of the web 20 and the face plate 10 in an integrated manner. Figure 6 ②Stand-up welding is performed on the outer side 12 of the panel 10; 3) Then the T-shaped rib is turned over, according to the weld code Figure 6 The weld code ③ in the figure is to weld the other side of the web 20 and the inner side 11 of the panel as a whole. Here, one side of the web 20 and the other side of the web 20 refer to the two sides in the thickness direction of the web 20. 4) After welding, non-destructive testing and mechanical property tests are carried out in accordance with relevant standards, and the test results consistently meet the requirements of relevant standards.

[0046] It should be noted that the welding tracks of TIG base welding and MIG filling welding are the same as Figure 6 The welding sequence is shown as ①②③.

[0047] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A T-rib butt joint automatic root cleaning-free welding process design method, characterized in that: The T-shaped rib includes a panel and a web connected to the panel. An X-shaped groove is formed between the panels of two adjacent T-shaped ribs and between the webs. The depth P of the inner groove of the panel is 0.5×t1×tg(γ / 2)÷tg(β / 2), where t1 is the plate thickness of the web, γ is the angle of the groove of the web, and β is the angle of the inner groove of the panel.

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle of the outer groove of the panel is not less than 55°, and the root blunt edge radius r of the panel and the web is not greater than 1 mm.

3. The design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When welding two adjacent T-shaped ribs, the assembly gap between the two adjacent T-shaped ribs is controlled to be 3 mm-7 mm.

4. The design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plate thickness dimension t of the panel is controlled within a range of 34 mm to 50 mm, and the plate thickness dimension t1 of the web is controlled within a range of 14 mm to 30 mm.

5. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A test plate simulating the T-shaped rib is used for welding verification to obtain welding shrinkage dimensions of the T-shaped ribs of different specifications, and the welding shrinkage dimensions are used to clarify the requirements for the T-shaped rib's no-residue manufacturing layout dimensions.

6. The design method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Under the condition that the thickness dimension t of the panel is 34mm≤t≤40mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel is controlled to be 1 / 2t1±2mm; When the thickness dimension t of the panel is 40 mm < t ≤ 50 mm, the depth of the inner groove of the panel is 18 mm.

7. The design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening size of the groove of the web is equal to the opening size of the inner groove of the panel.

8. The design method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The angle of the groove of the web is greater than the angle of the inner groove of the panel. At the corner from the web to the panel, the groove angle at the corner gradually transforms and smoothly transitions from the angle of the groove of the web to the angle of the inner groove of the panel.

9. The design method according to claim 8, characterized in that: TIG base welding and MIG filling welding are performed on the X-shaped groove to form a spindle-shaped weld at the corner from the web to the panel.

10. The design method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The welding sequence for two adjacent T-shaped ribs includes: Integrally welding one side of the web and the inner side of the panel; Performing standing welding on the outer side of the panel; The T-shaped rib is turned over, and after turning over, the other side of the web and the inner side of the panel are integrally welded.

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