Efficient underground precise delineation method for steep inclined thin and fine quartz vein type ore body

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient underground accurate delineation method for a steep dip thin and fine quartz vein type ore body, and belongs to the technical field of mine underground prospecting, and the scheme comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing capital construction engineering and development engineering, preliminarily exposing the ore body, constructing a database in three-dimensional mining software, delineating the ore body at a time, and establishing an ore body three-dimensional model; different laser reflection spectral characteristics of targets with different colors are utilized, three-dimensional laser is used for scanning an ore body form and a roadway form, and an ore body model is updated by combining digital geological recording, mechanical sampling and secondary ore body delineating. Three-dimensional laser scanning, digital geological logging and mechanical sampling are fused, on the premise that expenditure and time are limited, the safety of underground operation and digitization of prospecting engineering achievements are improved, the ore body form and the spatial position are mastered more accurately, mining design is guided and optimized, precise implementation of mining is guaranteed, the mining engineering amount is reduced, digital energy saving is achieved, and the working efficiency is improved. The method belongs to a key technical new method for green low-carbon transformation industry development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground prospecting in mines, and in particular to an efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein type ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Ore body delineation refers to the work of identifying the shape, occurrence, spatial distribution and size of the ore body through geological research and engineering revelation. When calculating mineral reserves, the work of determining the distribution range of mineral reserves of different qualities, uses and mining technical conditions based on the data of prospecting engineering and sampling analysis and the indicators and requirements of mineral utilization of relevant departments is also called ore body delineation.

[0003] Using drilling, pit exploration and other projects to expose underground ore bodies, carry out traditional geological cataloging with a tape measure and compass, circle the longitudinal (cross-sectional) shape of the ore bodies on two-dimensional drawings, and calculate reserves are essential geological work methods in the mineral production process.

[0004] Steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein-type ore bodies are complex and unstable in shape, often with branching, compounding, pinching and reappearance. The two-dimensional ore body shape formed by the traditional ore delineation method is quite different from the actual situation. The three-dimensional model formed by directly converting the two-dimensional data into three-dimensional data cannot reflect the true shape of the ore body due to the insufficient data volume, which seriously affects the precise implementation of mining operations. To accurately locate the ore body and grasp the ore body shape, it is necessary to increase exploration projects such as drilling and pit exploration, which is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein-type ore bodies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing methods for delineating steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein ore bodies, the present invention proposes an efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein ore bodies.

[0006] Since targets of different colors have different reflective spectral characteristics for lasers, when using a 3D laser scanner to scan targets of different colors, point cloud data of their corresponding spectral colors will be generated. The tunnels that expose the target ore bodies are fully scanned, and the scanning time, ambient temperature, and ambient humidity data are recorded to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, and high-density 3D point cloud data is constructed. The corresponding data representing the ore bodies is extracted from the point clouds, and combined with the results of digital geological cataloging, the accurate spatial position and morphology of the ore bodies are constructed.

[0007] The present invention provides an efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein-type ore bodies, belonging to the technical field of underground mine prospecting. The scheme comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Comprehensively collect geological data such as exploration reports, reserve verification reports, tunnel cataloging data, drilling data, etc. at each stage of the mine, and establish a three-dimensional model of the mine ore body according to the principle of first connecting geological phenomena and then connecting ore bodies according to the main controlling geological characteristics to guide the design of infrastructure projects and development projects.

[0009] Step 2: On the basis of digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling for infrastructure and development projects, several intensified drilling holes are arranged for the target ore body, and the hole spacing is double the exploration grid density. All tunnels and boreholes are cataloged in detail and samples of ore-bearing sections are collected. The sampling methods for tunnels are groove method and stripping method, and the sampling method for boreholes is splitting method. The samples are sent to qualified laboratories for analysis and testing to determine the main ore elements and associated elements in the mining area. All processes strictly follow the requirements of the specifications.

[0010] Step 3: Enter the data collected in step 2 into the 3D mining software in a standard format. Based on the ore body model established in the early stage, conduct a mine circle, update the ore body 3D model, and guide the design of the mining project.

[0011] Step 4: Carry out digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling for the mining project to obtain geological information, ore body space and morphological information and grade data.

[0012] Step 5: On the basis of the first mining circle, the results of digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling are entered into the 3D mining software. The 3D spatial distribution of geological information, ore body morphology, scale and grade are carefully outlined in the 3D mining software to clarify the ore body morphology of the mining area.

[0013] The present invention is supported by the above-mentioned technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) The method of the present invention integrates three-dimensional laser scanning technology, digital geological cataloging system and mechanized sampling. Under the premise of limited funds and time, it improves the safety of underground operations and the digitization of prospecting engineering results, can more accurately grasp the spatial position and form of the ore body in the mining area, and at the same time realizes the digital and information management of ore reserves. It realizes digital energy saving and is a new key technology method for the development of green and low-carbon transformation industries.

[0015] (2) For steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein ore bodies with common phenomena such as dense parallel arrangement, branching and compounding, and pinch-out reappearance, the traditional method of prospecting and encircling the ore bodies is not effective, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the ore body shape. This method adds a small amount of prospecting projects on the basis of the original mining projects, and uses three-dimensional mining software to uniformly manage geological information, ore body space and morphological information and grade data, and establish an ore body model, which greatly improves the degree of grasp of the ore body shape in the stope, ensures the accurate implementation of subsequent mining operations, reduces the amount of mining projects, and can better support mining project design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The embodiment provides a diagram for calculating various main economic and technical indicators of a stope using an accurate ore body model;

[0017] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 The three-dimensional model diagram of the whole mine established by using the previous data of the mine provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a model diagram of the primary ore body of the mine-155-30810 ore block provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 The three-dimensional laser scanning tunnel model and ore body morphology map provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 is a mechanized sampling diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a secondary mining ore body model diagram of the mine-155-30810 ore block provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of implementation. It should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for the purpose of allowing readers to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention.

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand how to implement the present invention in detail, this section is an explanatory embodiment that expands and describes the technical solution of the claims.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein-type ore bodies. The ore bodies are initially exposed by using infrastructure prospecting projects, and a database is built in a three-dimensional mining software to delineate the ore bodies once and establish a three-dimensional model of the ore bodies. By using the different characteristics of the laser reflection spectra of targets of different colors, three-dimensional laser scanning of the ore body morphology and the roadway morphology is used, combined with digital geological cataloging and mechanized sampling, the ore bodies are delineated for the second time, the ore body model is updated, the ore body morphology of the stope is mastered, and the mining design is optimized according to the main economic and technical indicators of the stope. ( Figure 1 ).

[0026] The present invention has been implemented in the Coral Tungsten-Tin Mine in Zhongshan, Guangxi. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0027] Step 1: Collect geological data such as exploration reports, reserve verification reports, tunnel cataloging data, drilling data, etc. of the Coral Tungsten-Tin Mine in Zhongshan, Guangxi, and establish a three-dimensional model of the mine ore body according to the principle of first connecting geological phenomena and then connecting ore bodies according to the main ore-controlling geological characteristics ( Figure 3 ) to guide the design of infrastructure projects and development projects.

[0028] Step 2: Digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling are carried out for the development project of the -155-30810 stope, and a small amount of drilling and infilling work is carried out to update the ore body model ( Figure 4 ) to guide the design of mining projects.

[0029] Step 3: Carry out digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling for the -155-30810 stope mining project to obtain geological information, ore body space and morphological information and grade data ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 ).

[0030] Step 4: Enter the results of digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling into 3D mining software. On the basis of the first mining, the 3D spatial distribution of geological information, ore body shape, scale and grade are carefully outlined in the 3D mining software to clarify the ore body shape ( Figure 7 ).

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention have achieved some positive effects during the development or use process, and indeed have great advantages over the prior art. The following content is described in conjunction with data, charts, etc. of the test process.

[0032] (1) Implemented the concept of green development and improved the efficiency of mine production. In recent years, how to resolve the contradiction between ecological protection and mine pollution and waste discharge has become a realistic problem that cannot be avoided in mine production. In the past, traditional ore body delineation methods were not effective for steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein ore bodies. The ore body morphology distribution could not be well predicted during mining operations, and the loss rate and depletion rate were difficult to reduce. On the basis of not adding more prospecting projects as much as possible, the present invention uses advanced means such as digital geological cataloging and three-dimensional laser scanning to accurately grasp the ore body morphology, ensure the precise implementation of mining projects, reduce mining loss rate and depletion rate, and improve mine efficiency. At the same time, it also reduces the emission of waste rock and other pollution, and realizes digital energy saving. It is a key technology and new method for the development of green and low-carbon transformation industries.

[0033] (2) The constructed ore body morphology is more intuitive and reliable. In traditional ore body delineation, since the geological cataloging results are drawn on two-dimensional longitudinal and cross-sectional maps, technicians need to make repeated comparisons and perform spatial imagination. At the same time, since the two-dimensional maps have limited information, directly converting the two-dimensional maps into three-dimensional ones cannot truly reflect the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the ore body. In the present invention, digital geological cataloging is combined with three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain three-dimensional spatial information data of the ore body, which successfully makes up for the shortcomings of traditional geological cataloging and has certain innovation and practicality.

[0034] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in the application of this technology, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient underground precise delineation method for steeply inclined thin and fine quartz vein ore bodies, characterized by: The scheme comprises the following steps: Step 1: Comprehensively collect mine geological data, establish a three-dimensional mine model, and guide the design of infrastructure and development projects; Step 2: Use a 3D laser scanner to scan infrastructure and development projects to obtain the spatial location and shape of the ore body, conduct digital geological cataloging of infrastructure and development projects to obtain geological information, carry out mechanized sampling, analyze samples according to specifications, obtain sample grade data, and combine with intensified prospecting projects to expose the ore body; Step 3: Combined with the previous geological data results, a database is built in the 3D mining software to delineate the ore body at one time, establish a 3D model of the ore body, and guide the design of the mining project; Step 4: Use a 3D laser scanner to scan the mining project to obtain the spatial position and shape of the ore body; digitally catalog the mining project to obtain geological information; carry out mechanized sampling, analyze samples according to specifications, and obtain sample grade data; Step 5: Combine 3D laser scanning point cloud data, digital geological cataloging results, and sample analysis data to conduct secondary mining, update the ore body model, and clarify the ore body morphology of the mining area.

2. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step 1 is: comprehensively collect geological data from exploration reports at various stages of the mine, reserve verification reports, tunnel cataloging data, and drilling data, and establish a three-dimensional model of the mine ore body according to the principle of first connecting geological phenomena and then connecting the ore body according to the main controlling geological characteristics to guide the design of infrastructure projects and development projects.

3. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step 2 is: on the basis of digital geological cataloging, three-dimensional laser scanning and mechanized sampling for infrastructure and development projects, a number of encrypted drilling holes are arranged for the target ore body, and the hole spacing is twice the density of the exploration grid. All tunnels and boreholes are cataloged in detail and samples of ore-bearing sections are collected. The tunnel sampling method is the grooving method and the stripping method, and the borehole sampling method is the splitting method. The samples are sent to qualified laboratories for analysis and testing to determine the main ore elements and associated elements in the mining area.

4. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step 3 is: enter the data collected in step 2 into the three-dimensional mining software according to the standard format, and on the basis of the ore body model established in the early stage, perform a circle mining and update the three-dimensional model of the ore body.

5. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step 4 is: carry out digital geological cataloging, three-dimensional laser scanning and mechanized sampling for the mining project to obtain geological information, ore body space and morphological information and grade data.

6. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized by: The specific process of step 5 is: based on the first mining, combined with the results of digital geological cataloging, 3D laser scanning and mechanized sampling, a second mining is carried out to finely outline the ore body shape, scale and grade distribution in the 3D mining software to clarify the ore body shape in the mining area.

7. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 2 and step 4: Since targets of different colors have different reflective spectral characteristics to lasers, when using a 3D laser scanner to scan targets of different colors, point cloud data of their corresponding spectral colors will be generated. Corresponding data representing the ore body will be extracted from the point cloud to construct the accurate spatial position and shape of the ore body.

8. The method for accurately delineating a steeply inclined, thin and fine quartz vein type ore body underground according to claim 1 is characterized by: The specific process of the three-dimensional laser scanning in step 2 and step 4 is: to scan the entire tunnel that exposes the target ore body, record the scanning time, ambient temperature and ambient humidity data, ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, construct high-density three-dimensional point cloud data, and construct the tunnel model, ore body shape and spatial position.

Images