An optical beam combining scanning system based on fiber laser phased array

Abstract

The application provides a kind of light beam synthesis scanning system based on optical fiber laser phased array, utilize the wide-angle high-precision light beam scanning array of adaptive optical fiber collimator (1-2) and micro-lens array scanner (1-1) cascade, under the action of confocal scanning control platform (1-3), realize fast and efficient, large deflection angle confocal scanning pointing control, utilize phase modulator array (2-1), under the action of common phase synthesis control platform (2-2), realize array light beam stable and efficient common phase synthesis, finally realize the large-angle high-precision electric scanning of synthesis light beam.The application has the advantages of simple structure, compact, modular, scalable;Equivalent large aperture can be constructed by increasing the number of arrays, reduce manufacturing difficulty and cost;It has the functions of large dynamic range, high precision and fast deflection, and can compensate atmospheric turbulence effect in transmitting or receiving system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photoelectric detection technology, and in particular relates to a beam synthesis scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array, which can be used in application scenarios such as laser efficient transmission, free-space optical communication, and lidar. Background Art

[0002] Fiber laser phased arrays, as one of the key technologies in optical phased arrays, are an effective way to achieve high-brightness, high-power, and high-beam-quality laser output. By controlling the piston and tilt phases of each sub-aperture in the fiber laser array, fiber laser phased arrays achieve co-phased and coaxial output of the array beams, thereby improving the quality of the composite beam. Currently, the main research direction of fiber laser phased arrays is coherent laser combining. However, with the continuous expansion of coherent combining in applications such as efficient laser transmission and spatial optical communications, the traditional mechanical scanning method used by fiber laser phased arrays can no longer meet the requirements for flexible and rapid pointing of the composite beam. Therefore, it is urgent to replace the traditional mechanical scanning method with the fully electronic scanning method used in optical phased array technology, so that fiber laser phased array systems can achieve high-power laser generation and high-speed beam deflection capabilities.

[0003] The concept of Adaptive Photonics Phase-Locked Element (APPLE) was first proposed in 2005, aiming to improve the output power of laser by fiber laser array, and to improve the speed and accuracy of beam control by full-electric beam scanning (M. Vorontsov, “Adaptive Photonics Phase-Locked Elements (APPLE): System Architecture and Wavefront Control Concept,” Proc. SPIE 5895, 589501 (2005)). Subsequently, the Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, realized the customized beam scanning and stable continuous tracking and pointing at the target position by controlling the fiber laser array based on the adaptive fiber collimator cascaded with the piezoelectric ring fiber phase modulator (X. Li, C. Geng, et al., “Coherent beam combining of collimated fiber array based on target-in-the-loop technique,” Proc. of SPIE 8178, 81780M (2011). X. Yang, G. Huang, et al., “Continuous tracking and pointing of coherent beam combining system via target-in-the-loop concept,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 33(20), 1119-1122 (2021)). But limited by the scale range of the sub-aperture spacing of the fiber laser array and the scanning ability of the adaptive fiber collimator itself, only small-angle beam deflection of the order of 100 μrad is achieved. In 2020, the Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed an invention patent named “a scanning system based on microlens array group and adaptive fiber collimator” (patent number: 202010722598.0), but it can only realize large-angle high-precision deflection of single-aperture laser, and the aperture expansion capability is limited.

[0004] The present application combines micro-optical technology, fiber optics technology, adaptive optics technology, optical phased array technology and coherent synthesis technology, and proposes a beam synthesis scanning system based on fiber laser phased array to realize large-angle, high-precision, high-speed and high-quality electrically controlled scanning of the synthesized beam of large-aperture fiber laser phased array. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem addressed by the present invention is that the traditional mechanical scanning method used by existing fiber laser phased arrays can no longer meet the requirements for flexible, fast, and high-precision pointing of a composite beam. This invention overcomes the limitations of conventional fiber laser phased arrays, which only allow for beam scanning with large moments of inertia, high power consumption, and low flexibility. It also overcomes the scanning capability limitations of adaptive fiber collimators 1-2. By utilizing a cascaded microlens array scanner 1-1, the present invention achieves large-angle, high-precision, high-speed, and high-quality composite beam scanning technology for fiber laser phased arrays.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a beam synthesis scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array, the system comprising: a confocal scanning module 1, a common phase synthesis module 2; wherein the confocal scanning module 1 is composed of a microlens array scanner 1-1, an adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and a confocal scanning control platform 1-3, the microlens array scanner 1-1 is cascaded at the front end of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and the confocal scanning control platform 1-3 is connected to the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2; wherein the common phase synthesis module 2 is composed of a phase modulator 2-1 and a common phase synthesis control platform 2-2, and the common phase synthesis control platform 2-2 is connected to the phase modulator The adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 is connected to the phase modulator 2-1; wherein: the microlens array scanner 1-1 is used to generate a discrete addressing scanning beam with a large angle; the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 can generate a continuous addressing scanning beam with a small angle, which is used to compensate for the discrete addressing scanning of the microlens array scanner 1-1; the confocal scanning control platform 1-3 is used to apply a driving signal to the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2; the phase modulator 2-1 is used to compensate for the piston phase difference between the array apertures to achieve common phase synthesis of the array beam; the common phase synthesis control platform 2-2 is used to apply a driving signal to the phase modulator 2-1.

[0007] The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam synthesis scanning system adopts a collaborative control method to achieve a single aperture envelope factor by collaboratively adjusting the relative positions between the microlens arrays of the microlens array scanner 1-1, the offset position of the optical fiber end face of the adaptive optical fiber collimator 1-2, and the piston phase between the units of the phase modulator 2-1. , single aperture grid factor and multi-aperture grid factor The synchronous movement of the fiber laser phased array can achieve large-angle continuous scanning of a stable synthetic beam within a certain range. The corresponding far-field light intensity distribution is:

[0008] ;

[0009] Wherein, d is the output aperture of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, is the focal length of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and are the offsets of the fiber end face along the x and y axes, respectively, k is the wave number, is the wavelength, l is the center distance between adjacent sub-lenses in the microlens array, w is the effective output aperture of the sub-lenses in the microlens array, is the focal length of the microlens sub-lens, and are the relative displacements of the microlens along the x and y axes, represents the convolution calculation, and represents the far-field spatial frequency after Fourier transform of the near-field beam, and z is the transmission distance; is the first-order Bessel function, comb is the comb function, and represents the coordinates of the nth subaperture, represents the piston phase loaded on the nth sub-aperture, π is pi, exp is the natural exponential function, ∑ is the summation symbol, n=1 means n starts from 1, and N means it ranges to N.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial technical effects:

[0011] 1. The present invention overcomes the problem that traditional fiber laser phased array relies on a turntable to achieve beam scanning with large rotational inertia, high power consumption and low flexibility, and breaks through the scanning capability limitation of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2. Through the cascaded microlens array scanner, the fiber laser phased array realizes the large-angle, high-precision, high-speed and high-quality synthetic beam scanning technology with excellent comprehensive performance.

[0012] 2. The present invention can realize a large-aperture laser receiving system and laser emitting system by array splicing, which reduces the volume, weight and cost, and has strong scalability and practicality.

[0013] 3. The confocal scanning module 1 of the present invention adopts the technology of adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 cascaded microlens array scanner 1-1, and can achieve large-angle, high-precision and high-speed light beam reception or transmission with a relative displacement of hundreds of microns.

[0014] 4. The common-phase synthesis module 2 of the present invention can quickly compensate for the piston phase between each sub-aperture to achieve stable and high-quality common-phase synthesis spot.

[0015] 5. The present invention can correct the tilt of the wavefront and the piston aberration, perform coherent beam combination on the light beam to enhance the energy of the transmitted or received light, and improve the beam quality. It can be applied to long-distance and ultra-long-distance laser transmission links.

[0016] 6. The coordinated control device of the microlens array scanner 1-1, the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 and the phase modulator 2-1 in the present invention has independent driving and control modules, does not require decoupling, and simplifies system control.

[0017] 7. The present invention adopts a modular design structure and can be used independently or in an array according to actual application scenarios, with strong flexibility and environmental adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organizational structure of a beam combining and scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array according to the present invention, wherein: 1-confocal scanning module, 1-1-microlens array scanner, 1-2-adaptive fiber collimator, 1-3-confocal scanning control platform, 2-combining module, 2-1-phase modulator, 2-2-combining control platform;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the phase control model used in a fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to the present invention; (a) is a sawtooth tilt phase control model, (b) is a stepped piston phase control model, and (c) is a continuous tilt phase control model, where the sawtooth tilt phase is compensated to a continuous tilt phase by a stepped piston phase.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a fiber laser phased array-based beam combining and scanning system according to the present invention, which uses a collaborative control method to achieve continuous and stable scanning and beam combining; wherein (a) is the single-aperture envelope factor in the initial static state, (b) is the single-aperture grid factor in the initial static state, (c) is the multi-aperture grid factor in the initial static state, (d) is the far-field light intensity distribution in the initial static state obtained by mutual modulation of (a), (b), and (c), (e) is the single-aperture envelope factor in the scanning and combining state, (f) is the single-aperture grid factor in the scanning and combining state, (g) is the multi-aperture network factor in the scanning and combining state, and (h) is the far-field light intensity distribution in the scanning and combining state obtained by mutual modulation of (e), (f), and (g);

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a beam combining scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array for achieving double-end bidirectional reception and transmission according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a radial plane array arrangement of a beam combining scanning system array based on a fiber laser phased array according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the radial free aperture surface arrangement of a beam synthesis scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions. The structure and connection method of the optical fiber laser phased array-based beam synthesis scanning system of the present invention in the specific implementation are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a confocal scanning module 1 and a common phase synthesis module 2; wherein, the confocal scanning module 1 is composed of a microlens array scanner 1-1, an adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and a confocal scanning control platform 1-3, the microlens array scanner 1-1 is cascaded at the front end of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and the confocal scanning control platform 1-3 is connected to the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2; wherein, the common phase synthesis module 2 is composed of a phase modulator 2-1 and a common phase synthesis control platform 2-2, and the common phase synthesis control platform 2-2 is connected to the phase modulator 2-1; wherein, the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 is connected to the phase modulator 2-1. Among them: the microlens array scanner 1-1 is used to generate a large-angle discrete addressing scanning beam; the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 can generate a small-angle continuous addressing scanning beam, which is used to compensate for the discrete addressing scanning of the microlens array scanner 1-1; the confocal scanning control platform 1-3 is used to apply driving signals to the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2; the phase modulator 2-1 is used to compensate for the piston phase difference between the array apertures to achieve common-phase synthesis of the array beam; the common-phase synthesis control platform 2-2 is used to apply driving signals to the phase modulator 2-1.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the phase control model used in the optical fiber laser phased array based beam combining scanning system of the present invention; when controlling the multi-aperture array composed of N adaptive optical fiber collimators 1-2 cascaded microlens array scanner 1-1 to achieve beam scanning, its phase control model is Figure 2 The sawtooth tilt phase control model shown in (a) realizes beam scanning by changing the optical path difference of the tilt phase array. This control model can only realize discrete addressing scanning. When the phase modulator array 2-1 is controlled to realize beam scanning, its phase control model is Figure 2The stepped piston control model shown in (b) realizes beam scanning by changing the piston phase difference between adjacent apertures. The scanning range of this control model is limited by the output sub-aperture spacing of the fiber laser phased array system, and can only realize small-angle beam scanning. When the collaborative control model of the present invention is used to realize beam scanning, its principle diagram is as follows Figure 2 The continuous tilt phase control model shown in (c) realizes large-angle confocal scanning of the array beam by controlling the array tilt phase formed by N adaptive fiber collimators 1-2 cascaded microlens array scanner 1-1. At the same time, the piston phase between each sub-aperture is compensated by the phase modulator array 2-1, and the scanning beam array is compensated to a continuous tilt phase to achieve a continuous, stable and high-quality common-phase synthetic beam.

[0026] As an example, the microlens array scanner 1-1 used in the system takes a Kepler structure as an example; the system uses a cooperative control method to achieve large-angle continuous scanning of the synthetic beam, and the far-field light intensity distribution of the system's output beam is:

[0027] ;

[0028] Where, d is the output aperture of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, is the focal length of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and are the offsets of the fiber end face along the x and y axes, respectively, k is the wave number, is the wavelength, l is the center distance between adjacent sub-lenses in the microlens array, w is the effective output aperture of the sub-lenses in the microlens array, is the focal length of the microlens sub-lens, and are the relative displacements of the microlens along the x and y axes, represents the convolution calculation, and represents the far-field spatial frequency after Fourier transform of the near-field beam, and z is the transmission distance; is the first-order Bessel function, comb is the comb function, and represents the coordinates of the nth subaperture, represents the piston phase loaded on the nth sub-aperture, π is pi, exp is the natural exponential function, ∑ is the summation symbol, n=1 means n starts from 1, and N means it ranges to N; is the single aperture envelope factor, is the single aperture grid factor, is the multi-aperture grid factor.

[0029] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3(a) is the single aperture envelope factor in the initial static state, (b) is the single aperture grid factor in the initial static state, and (c) is the multi-aperture grid factor in the initial static state. Figure 3 (d) is Figure 3 The far-field light intensity distribution in the initial static state is obtained by mutual modulation of (a), (b), and (c). Figure 3 (e) is the single aperture envelope factor under scanning and synthesis state, (f) is the single aperture grid factor under scanning and synthesis state, and (g) is the multi-aperture network factor under scanning and synthesis state. Figure 3 (h) is Figure 3 The far-field light intensity distribution in the scanning and synthesis states is obtained by mutual modulation of (e), (f), and (g). By collaboratively adjusting the relative positions of the microlens arrays of the microlens array scanner 1-1, the offset position of the fiber end face of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and the piston phase between the units of the phase modulator 2-1, the single-aperture envelope factor, single-aperture grid factor, and multi-aperture grid factor are moved synchronously, ultimately achieving large-angle continuous scanning of the synthesized beam.

[0030] According to the above analysis, the scanning angle of the system is determined by the relative position between the microlens arrays of the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the offset position of the fiber end face of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2. ; Within the scanning field of view of the system, the conditions for continuous scanning are: 、 ,in represents the discrete order change of the single aperture grid factor; the beam synthesis condition that satisfies the stability of the system array is that the piston phase loaded on the nth subunit , where s is the distance between adjacent subunits and k is the wave number.

[0031] The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam synthesis scanning system can be used as the receiving end and the transmitting end of the laser transmission link. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber laser phased array-based beam combining and scanning system for achieving two-end bidirectional reception and transmission, thereby achieving two-end bidirectional reception and transmission for a laser transmission system. The fiber laser phased array-based beam combining and scanning system can effectively overcome the effects of atmospheric turbulence on signal transmission by using an optimization algorithm to control the tilt phase of the microlens array scanner 1-1 and the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and the piston phase of the phase modulator 2-1. The optimization control algorithm used to compensate for the tilt and piston phase includes a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, a hill climbing method, a multi-dither method, a single-dither method, a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a neural network algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm, or other algorithms.

[0032] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a radial plane array arrangement of a beam combining scanning system array based on a fiber laser phased array according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a radial free-aperture curved surface arrangement for a fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system. It's easy to understand that the radial arrangement of the system array can be either a planar array arrangement or a free-aperture curved surface arrangement. The free-aperture curved surface arrangement requires that the system can compensate for optical path differences between arrays. The free-aperture curved surface arrangement offers high design freedom, ease of inspection and adjustment, and structural flexibility.

[0033] The fiber laser phased array in this embodiment is a 7-aperture array, arranged radially in a planar array and in a two-dimensional planar array in a regular hexagonal pattern, with an overall equivalent aperture of D = 60 mm, a subaperture diameter of d = 18 mm, a center distance s of adjacent subapertures of 20 mm, and an operating wavelength of 633 nm. The microlens array scanner 1-1 in this embodiment adopts a Kepler structure, with an effective aperture of 18 mm, an aperture of 310 μm for each unit microlens, a spacing of 320 μm between adjacent microlenses, and a focal length of 868 μm. 1 / 2 is taken as the maximum relative displacement between the two groups of microlens arrays. The maximum relative displacement is 155 μm. Then the scanning angle generated by the microlens array scanner 1-1 is 155 μm / 868 μm=10.23°. According to the symmetry of the Kepler structure microlens array scanner 1-1, the scanning range can be extended to the entire two-dimensional scanning field of view of [-20.46°, 20.46°]×[-20.46°, 20.46°]. The microlens array scanner 1-1 adopts a piezoelectric driver to drive the microlens array. The scanning angle is within ±450 The offset within the voltage range of V is -209.1μm~+201.1μm, and only an offset of 305.9μm is required to achieve 20° optical scanning; the effective aperture of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 in this embodiment is 18mm, the focal length is 100mm, and the offset of the fiber end face driven by the piezoelectric driver within the voltage range of ±450 V is -227.7μm~+214.4μm, the optical scanning angle is -2.277~+2.144 mrad, and the optical scanning sensitivity is 4.91 μrad / V. The adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 can achieve high-precision beam pointing of μrad.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first-order resonant frequency of the microlens array scanner 1-1 is 281 Hz, and the first-order resonant frequency of the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2 is 336 Hz. The system can achieve high-speed scanning of hundreds of Hz; the phase modulator 2-1 in this embodiment is a piezoelectric ring fiber phase modulator with a first-order resonant frequency of 10 kHz.

[0035] According to the collaborative control method, driving signals are simultaneously applied to the microlens array scanner 1-1, the adaptive fiber collimator 1-2, and the piezoelectric ring fiber phase modulator in this embodiment to modulate the relative positions of the single aperture envelope factor, the single aperture grid factor, and the multi-aperture grid factor to achieve large-angle continuous scanning of the synthetic light beam.

[0036] Thus, the present invention has completed a detailed description of a beam combining scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array. The contents not described in detail in the present invention specification are well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A beam combining scanning system based on a fiber laser phased array, characterized in that: include: A confocal scanning module (1) and a common phase synthesis module (2); wherein the confocal scanning module (1) is composed of a microlens array scanner (1-1), an adaptive fiber collimator (1-2), and a confocal scanning control platform (1-3); the microlens array scanner (1-1) is cascaded at the front end of the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2); the confocal scanning control platform (1-3) is connected to the microlens array scanner (1-1) and the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2); wherein the common phase synthesis module (2) is composed of a phase modulator (2-1) and a common phase synthesis control platform (2-2); the common phase synthesis control platform (2-2) is connected to the phase modulator (2-1); wherein the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) is connected to the phase modulator (2-1); Wherein, the microlens array scanner (1-1) is used to generate a discrete addressing scanning beam with a large angle; An adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) can generate a continuous addressing scanning beam with a small angle to compensate for the discrete addressing scanning of the microlens array scanner; A confocal scanning control platform (1-3) is used to apply a driving signal to the microlens array scanner (1-1) and the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2); A phase modulator (2-1) is used to compensate for the piston phase difference between the array apertures to achieve common phase synthesis of the array beams; A common phase synthesis control platform (2-2) for applying a driving signal to the phase modulator (2-1); The microlens array scanner (1-1), the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) and the phase modulator (2-1) adopt a cooperative control method to achieve a single aperture envelope factor by cooperatively adjusting the relative positions between the microlens arrays of the microlens array scanner (1-1), the offset position of the fiber end face of the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) and the piston phase between each unit of the phase modulator (2-1). , single aperture grid factor and multi-aperture grid factor The synchronous movement of the fiber laser phased array enables the stable synthesis of the beam within a certain range to achieve large-angle continuous scanning. The corresponding far-field light intensity distribution is: ； Where, d is the output aperture of the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2), is the focal length of the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2), and are the offsets of the fiber end face along the x and y axes, respectively, k is the wave number, is the wavelength, l is the center distance between adjacent sub-lenses in the microlens array, w is the effective output aperture of the sub-lenses in the microlens array, is the focal length of the microlens sub-lens, and are the relative displacements of the microlens along the x and y axes, represents the convolution calculation, and represents the far-field spatial frequency after Fourier transform of the near-field beam, z is the transmission distance, is the first-order Bessel function, comb is the comb function, and represents the coordinates of the nth subaperture, represents the piston phase loaded on the nth sub-aperture, π is pi, exp is the natural exponential function, ∑ is the summation symbol, n=1 means n starts from 1, and N means it ranges to N.

2. The optical fiber laser phased array beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) cascaded microlens array scanner (1-1) is a subunit, and N independent modular subunits constitute an array. The N subunits adopt a collaborative control method through a confocal scanning control platform (1-3) to achieve large-angle scanning of the array.

3. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase modulator (2-1) includes N independent modular sub-units, and the number of the sub-units is equal to the number of sub-units of the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2); the phase modulator (2-1) adopts a collaborative control method through a co-phase synthesis control platform (2-2) to achieve stable co-phase synthesis of multiple unit light beams; the phase modulator (2-1) can be a piezoelectric fiber phase modulator, a lithium niobate fiber phase modulator, a fiber-coupled on-chip phase modulator or other phase modulators.

4. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilt phase of the microlens array scanner (1-1) and the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2), and the piston phase of the phase modulator are controlled by an optimization algorithm to achieve turbulence correction; the optimization algorithm used to compensate for the tilt and piston phase includes a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, a hill climbing method, a multi-jitter method, a single-jitter method, a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm algorithm, a neural network algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm or other algorithms.

5. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microlens array scanner (1-1) is a two-mirror Galilean structure or Kepler structure, a three-mirror optimized Kepler structure or other structures.

6. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drivers of the microlens array scanner (1-1) and the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) adopt piezoelectric drive, motor drive, electromagnetic drive or other drive modes.

7. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microlens array scanner (1-1), the adaptive fiber collimator (1-2) and the phase modulator (2-1) are integrated into a whole and work in coordination through cascading, or work independently as three devices.

8. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial arrangement of the aperture array is a planar array arrangement or a free aperture curved surface arrangement; the two-dimensional planar arrangement of the aperture array is a rectangle, a circle, an annulus, a regular hexagon, a triangle or a combination of the above types.

9. The optical fiber laser phased array-based beam combining scanning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When used as a laser emitting system, the light beam is output from the laser seed source, enters the 1×N beam splitting module and is divided into N paths, and the N light beams are then connected to the N units of the phase modulator; when used as a laser receiving system, the N light beams received by the phase modulator are input into the N×1 beam combining module, and the combined light beams are received by the photodetector.

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