Square super capacitor

Abstract

The invention provides a square supercapacitor. Comprising a shell, an upper cover, an anti-explosion pressure release valve and a gas storage cavity. The shell is used for protecting internal components; the upper cover is used for sealing the shell space; the anti-explosion pressure release valve is mounted on the upper cover side and is used for forming a one-way valve; the gas storage cavity is located in the shell and used for temporarily storing part of gas generated in the operation process. The gas storage cavity is additionally arranged in the square super capacitor to temporarily store gas generated by chemical reaction to prevent the gas from generating pressure in the capacitor, when the internal gas pressure exceeds a safety threshold, the explosion-proof pressure release valve is started to reduce the internal pressure, and when the gas pressure is further increased, the explosion-proof pressure release valve is started to reduce the internal pressure. And the explosion-proof pressure release valve can be broken to release gas in a short time so as to prevent explosion. The problem that in the prior art, in the application process of a square supercapacitor, due to the fact that gas is generated in the square supercapacitor due to unstable electrolyte, electrode material aging, high water content, improper working conditions and the like, the use stability is affected by too high internal pressure is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of supercapacitors, and in particular, to a square supercapacitor. Background Art

[0002] Supercapacitors are a new energy storage method. Compared with traditional chemical power sources (batteries), they have higher specific power and longer service life, and are environmentally friendly and maintenance-free energy storage components. The main features of supercapacitors are fast charging speed and high charging efficiency; and the charging acceptance capacity is much higher than that of batteries. The cycle life is long, the normal use time can reach 10 years, and it is a maintenance-free product. The high and low temperature characteristics are good, and the operating temperature range of supercapacitors is -40 to 60°C.

[0003] Square supercapacitors are compared with soft-pack supercapacitors and cylindrical supercapacitors. First, square supercapacitors usually have higher group efficiency, which means that energy loss is less when assembled into a battery pack; second, square batteries can provide larger single-cell capacity, which is suitable for applications that require high energy storage. Finally, the structural design of square batteries is relatively simple, which helps to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. The characteristics of square supercapacitors determine that they have important application value in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles such as buses, tour buses, and freight yard trucks, as well as applications in the field of solar energy systems.

[0004] Factors such as the instability of the supercapacitor electrolyte, the aging of the electrode material, the high water content, and improper working conditions will cause gas to be generated inside the supercapacitor. Excessive accumulation of gas inside the supercapacitor will cause the internal pressure to increase and bring a series of problems. First, the active material used in supercapacitors is an adsorption material with a high specific surface area. Excessive internal pressure will cause part of the gas to enter the active material of the electrode, blocking the pores, causing the electrode to expand and causing capacity loss. Secondly, bubbles will form on the contact surface between the electrolyte and the electrode. These bubbles will affect the diffusion and transmission of ions, causing the internal resistance of the supercapacitor to increase, and ultimately leading to an increase in the DC internal resistance. Moreover, as the internal pressure of the supercapacitor increases further, the internal heat generation will also increase, which will accelerate the occurrence of irreversible side reactions and cause the entire electrochemical system to produce more gas; the above factors will aggravate the failure of the supercapacitor cell body.

[0005] At present, an efficient solution has not yet been developed for the problem of rising gas pressure caused by gas production inside square supercapacitors. Existing technologies usually deal with pressure problems by setting explosion-proof valves on the cover or shell, but the effect is limited. Once the explosion-proof valve is activated, although the supercapacitor is prevented from bursting, the single capacitor will also fail, thus shortening its service life. Existing solutions cannot effectively store internal gas, nor can they meet the needs of repeated pressure relief and long-term use. Therefore, a solution that can balance safety and service life is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a square supercapacitor to at least solve the problem in the prior art that the square supercapacitor generates gas inside during use due to unstable electrolyte, aging of electrode materials, high water content and improper working conditions, resulting in excessive internal pressure that affects the stability of use.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a square supercapacitor is provided, and the square supercapacitor includes: a shell for protecting the square supercapacitor; an upper cover installed on the top of the shell, and the upper cover is used to close the internal space of the shell; an explosion-proof pressure relief valve installed on one side of the upper cover, and the explosion-proof pressure relief valve is used to form a one-way valve to prevent external air from entering the interior of the square supercapacitor to affect the battery performance and to discharge excess gas when gas is generated inside the square supercapacitor; a gas storage cavity is arranged inside the shell, and the gas storage cavity is used to store part of the gas generated during the operation of the square supercapacitor.

[0008] Optionally, the square supercapacitor further includes: a tab installed on the symmetrical side of the upper cover and the explosion-proof pressure relief valve, and the tab is used to connect the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor.

[0009] Optionally, the pole lug passes through the upper cover and is fixed to the upper cover by a nut.

[0010] Optionally, the square supercapacitor further includes: an integral electrode group, which is arranged inside the shell and the top of the integral electrode group is connected to the electrode ear, and the integral electrode group is used to supply power to the outside of the square supercapacitor through the electrode ear.

[0011] Optionally, the top of the shell is welded to the upper cover.

[0012] Optionally, the overall electrode group is obtained by fixing a plurality of single electrode groups in parallel, and the single electrode group is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet folded together, and the separator is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

[0013] Optionally, a protruding foil is provided on the top of the integral electrode group, and the protruding foil is formed by overlapping parts of the same shape extending upward from the tops of the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets of a plurality of the single electrode groups.

[0014] Optionally, the protruding foil is riveted to the pole lug by means of rivets.

[0015] Optionally, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve is composed of a shell, a top cover and a base, the shell is provided with an explosion-proof plate, the side of the top cover facing the base is concave to form a pressure relief cavity, the base is provided with a sealing ring, the base is connected to the internal space of the shell and the base is movable, and a spring is provided on the top of the base.

[0016] Optionally, an exhaust hole and a waterproof breathable membrane are provided above the top cover.

[0017] Applying the technical solution of the present application, the square supercapacitor includes: a shell for protecting the square supercapacitor; an upper cover installed on the top of the shell, the upper cover is used to close the internal space of the shell; an explosion-proof pressure relief valve installed on one side of the upper cover, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve is used to form a one-way valve to prevent external air from entering the square supercapacitor to affect the battery performance and to discharge excess gas when gas is generated inside the square supercapacitor; a gas storage cavity is arranged inside the shell, and the gas storage cavity is used to store part of the gas generated during the operation of the square supercapacitor. The present application adds a gas storage cavity inside the square supercapacitor to temporarily store the gas generated by the chemical reaction to prevent the gas from generating pressure inside the capacitor. When the internal gas pressure exceeds the safety threshold, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve will be activated to reduce the internal pressure, and when the gas pressure further increases, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve can be broken to release the gas in a short time to prevent explosion. This structure solves the problem that the square supercapacitor in the prior art generates gas inside due to unstable electrolyte, aging of electrode materials, high water content and improper working conditions during application, resulting in excessive internal pressure affecting the stability of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a square supercapacitor provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of an explosion-proof pressure relief valve provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a top cover provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0021] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0022] 1. Outer shell; 2. Upper cover; 3. Explosion-proof pressure relief valve; 4. Air storage cavity; 5. Pole ear; 6. Integral pole group; 61. Single pole group; 62. Protruding foil; 7. Rivet; 8. Shell; 9. Top cover; 10. Base; 11. Explosion-proof disk; 12. Sealing ring; 13. Spring; 14. Pressure relief cavity; 15. Exhaust hole; 16. Waterproof breathable membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0026] As introduced in the background technology, the prior art deals with the pressure problem by setting an explosion-proof valve on the cover plate or the housing, but its effect is limited. Once the explosion-proof valve is activated, although the supercapacitor is prevented from bursting, the single capacitor will also fail, thereby shortening the service life. The existing scheme cannot effectively store internal gas, nor can it meet the needs of repeated pressure relief and long-term use. In order to solve the problem in the prior art that square supercapacitors generate gas internally during use due to unstable electrolyte, aging of electrode materials, high water content and improper working conditions, resulting in excessive internal pressure affecting the stability of use, an embodiment of the present application provides a square supercapacitor.

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a square supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the square supercapacitor includes:

[0029] Housing 1, used to protect the square supercapacitor;

[0030] Specifically, the housing 1 is made of high-strength metal or composite material and has excellent compressive resistance, and is used to protect the components inside the square supercapacitor from mechanical damage, humidity and temperature changes in the external environment.

[0031] An upper cover 2 is installed on the top of the housing 1 and is used to close the internal space of the housing 1;

[0032] Specifically, the upper cover 2 is sealed with the outer shell 1 to ensure that the internal gas does not leak and to prevent the entry of external air, moisture or dust. The upper cover 2 is made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant metal or composite material, which helps to improve the stability and reliability of the product.

[0033] An explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 is installed on one side of the upper cover 2. The explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 is used to form a one-way valve to prevent external air from entering the square supercapacitor to affect the battery performance and to discharge excess gas when gas is generated inside the square supercapacitor;

[0034] Specifically, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 is a key component in this application. It is located on one side of the upper cover of the square supercapacitor and is tightly combined with the upper cover through precision machining and sealing connection to ensure that the valve body remains stable and reliable when subjected to changes in air pressure. The explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 integrates a spring and a valve assembly, and the spring is preset with a certain opening pressure value. When the internal air pressure of the square supercapacitor exceeds this pressure value, the spring is compressed, the valve opens, and the excess gas is released. After the pressure drops back to a safe range, the spring returns to its original position and the valve closes to prevent external air from flowing back in. The explosion-proof pressure relief valve is equipped with a layer of explosion-proof disk. When the air pressure rises sharply and exceeds the safety limit, the explosion-proof disk will rupture and quickly release gas to ensure the safety of the overall structure. A waterproof and breathable membrane is covered on the outside of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve to prevent external moisture, dust and particles from entering the capacitor, while allowing water vapor or a small amount of gas to pass through to maintain the stability of the internal environment.

[0035] It can be seen that the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 releases pressure through spring regulation, effectively avoiding safety hazards caused by excessive accumulation of gas inside the capacitor. After the pressure is released, the spring resets and the valve closes again, ensuring the long-term safe operation of the capacitor. The combined design of the one-way valve and the waterproof breathable membrane prevents the entry of external air and moisture, prevents the electrode material from aging or failure due to moisture, and thus maintains the long-term stability of the supercapacitor performance. The explosion-proof disc is designed as a safety redundancy measure. When the internal air pressure rises sharply, the explosion-proof disc can quickly rupture and release gas to prevent safety accidents caused by shell rupture due to excessive air pressure. The explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 can be opened and closed repeatedly within a safe range, which extends the service life of the supercapacitor and avoids the failure problem of traditional disposable explosion-proof valves, thereby reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

[0036] The gas storage cavity 4 is arranged inside the shell 1, and the gas storage cavity 4 is used to store part of the gas generated during the operation of the square supercapacitor.

[0037] Specifically, the gas storage cavity 4 is an independent space provided inside the housing, having a certain volume, and is used to temporarily store part of the gas generated during the operation of the capacitor to prevent the pressure from rising too quickly. The inner surface of the cavity has been specially treated to have anti-corrosion properties, and can store gas for a long time without affecting the operating life of the supercapacitor.

[0038] Through this embodiment, an integrated pressure regulation and safety protection structure is designed inside the square supercapacitor, including two core components: an additional gas storage cavity and an explosion-proof pressure relief valve, so as to achieve efficient management of internal gas. The gas storage cavity, as a gas buffer area inside the square supercapacitor, can temporarily store gas produced by chemical reactions caused by factors such as electrolyte decomposition, electrode aging or excessive water content. When the pressure in the gas storage cavity exceeds the preset safety threshold, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve automatically opens, releases excess gas through spring compression, reduces internal pressure, and automatically closes after the pressure falls back to a safe range, forming a reusable dynamic pressure regulation function. In extreme cases (such as thermal runaway or rapid accumulation of gas causing a sharp increase in pressure), the explosion-proof disc of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve will rupture, discharge a large amount of gas in a short time, and prevent the shell from exploding due to excessive pressure. The problem of the square supercapacitor in the prior art generating gas inside due to unstable electrolyte, aging of electrode materials, high water content and improper working conditions during application, resulting in excessive internal pressure affecting the stability of use is solved.

[0039] As a possible implementation, the square supercapacitor further includes: a tab 5 installed on the symmetrical side of the upper cover 2 and the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3, and the tab 5 is used to connect the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor.

[0040] Specifically, the pole ear 5 is installed on the symmetrical side of the upper cover and the explosion-proof pressure relief valve, and the position design is symmetrical, which not only optimizes the structural balance inside the supercapacitor, but also enhances the overall mechanical stability. The pole ear 5 is used to connect the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor, and its material selection usually adopts metal materials with excellent conductive properties (such as copper, aluminum or nickel-plated metal) to ensure efficient current transmission during the charging and discharging process. Through precision welding or mechanical clamping, the connection between the pole ear and the electrode is firm and reliable, which can effectively resist vibration or impact during operation, while reducing contact resistance and improving current conduction efficiency. The structural design of the pole ear 5 also has a heat dissipation function, using the high thermal conductivity of the metal to quickly conduct and dissipate the heat generated during the operation of the capacitor, thereby reducing internal heat accumulation, ensuring temperature stability, and extending service life.

[0041] In this embodiment, the arrangement of the tab 5 not only realizes the electrical connection between the positive and negative electrodes, but also enhances the internal stability and balance of the supercapacitor through its symmetrical installation layout. The excellent conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the tab 5 improve the efficiency of the capacitor during high current charging and discharging, while avoiding damage to the internal active materials due to overheating. In addition, the durability of the tab 5 material enables it to adapt to complex working environments such as high temperature and high humidity, ensuring the reliability and long-term performance of the supercapacitor.

[0042] As a possible implementation, the pole lug 5 passes through the upper cover 2 and is fixed to the upper cover 2 by a nut.

[0043] Specifically, the design of the pole ear 5 penetrating the upper cover 2 not only ensures its reliable connection with the positive and negative electrodes of the capacitor, but also facilitates the access to the external circuit, improving the convenience of installation and use of the capacitor as a whole. By fixing with nuts, the pole ear 5 and the upper cover 2 are tightly combined. This structure can provide stable mechanical support during long-term use while avoiding loosening caused by vibration or external mechanical shock. In addition, the fastening design of the nut enhances the airtightness of the pole ear, preventing external moisture or dust from entering the capacitor through the connection, thereby protecting the stability of the internal electrochemical system.

[0044] As a possible implementation, the square supercapacitor further includes: an integral electrode group 6 disposed inside the housing 1 and the top of the integral electrode group 6 is connected to the electrode tab 5 , and the integral electrode group 6 is used to supply power to the outside of the square supercapacitor through the electrode tab 5 .

[0045] Specifically, the integral electrode group 6 is arranged inside the housing 1, and its top is connected to the pole ear 5 by precision welding or mechanical connection, forming the main conduction channel of the current inside the supercapacitor. The integral electrode group 6 is usually composed of multiple layers of positive electrode, electrolyte membrane and negative electrode materials stacked or wound, with high energy density and good electrochemical stability, which can effectively support the efficient charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor. The structural design of the integral electrode group focuses on the uniform distribution of each layer of material, ensuring the consistency of the electric field and the uniformity of ion diffusion, thereby improving the capacity and cycle life of the capacitor.

[0046] The design of this embodiment uses the synergy of the overall pole group 6 and the pole ear 5, and the overall pole group 6 can quickly transfer the internally stored electrical energy to the external circuit of the square supercapacitor to meet the power demand of the external device. This connection method not only optimizes the current transmission path and reduces the internal resistance loss, but also improves the charging and discharging efficiency and energy conversion rate of the supercapacitor. In addition, the overall pole group 6 has a compact structure and can make full use of the internal space of the housing 1, thereby improving the energy density of the entire device, while enhancing its resistance to vibration and mechanical shock, and adapting to complex working environments.

[0047] As a possible implementation manner, the top of the housing 1 is welded to the upper cover 2 .

[0048] Specifically, the top of the housing 1 is fixedly connected to the upper cover 2 by welding. This welding design not only ensures a firm bond between the housing and the upper cover, but also forms a sealing structure, effectively preventing external air, moisture or dust from entering the interior of the square supercapacitor, thereby protecting the stability of the internal electrochemical environment. The welding process can adopt methods such as laser welding, ultrasonic welding or resistance welding to meet the requirements of different materials and application scenarios, while ensuring the strength and sealing performance of the welding point.

[0049] As a possible implementation, the overall electrode group 6 is obtained by fixing a plurality of single electrode groups 61 in parallel. The single electrode group 61 is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet folded together. The separator is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

[0050] Specifically, the overall electrode group 6 is obtained by fixing a plurality of monomer electrode groups 61 in parallel. The design structure of the monomer electrode group 61 is compact and the function is clear. It is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet in a folded manner, wherein the separator is arranged between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to ensure the physical isolation between the positive and negative electrodes and the smooth progress of the electrochemical reaction. The positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are respectively made of materials with high conductivity and high specific surface area, such as activated carbon or other advanced electrode materials, to achieve efficient charge storage and release capabilities. The diaphragm material is selected from materials with high electrolyte affinity and excellent ion permeability, and at the same time has strong mechanical strength and heat resistance, which avoids performance degradation or safety hazards caused by short circuit or high temperature.

[0051] Through this embodiment, the overall electrode group 6 realizes a modular design by parallel fixing of multiple monomer electrode groups 61. This structure helps to optimize the internal space utilization and improve the energy density and power density of the square supercapacitor. The arrangement between the monomer electrode groups 61 adopts a parallel arrangement to reduce resistance and improve the uniformity of ion transmission, while enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the overall electrode group and maintaining the temperature stability of the capacitor. The parallel fixing design also enhances the structural strength of the electrode, can effectively resist vibration and impact, and ensure the stable performance of the capacitor under harsh working conditions.

[0052] As a possible implementation, the top of the integral electrode group 6 has a protruding foil 62 , which is formed by overlapping parts of the same shape extending upward from the tops of the positive and negative electrode sheets of a plurality of single electrode groups 61 .

[0053] Specifically, a protruding foil 62 is provided at the top of the integral electrode group 6, and the protruding foil 62 is formed by overlapping the same shape parts extending upward from the tops of the positive and negative electrode sheets of the plurality of single electrode groups 61. The positive and negative electrode sheets are optimized to have their top structures uniformly extended, and are combined in a stacked manner at the top of the integral electrode group, thereby forming a protruding foil 62 with good conductivity. The protruding parts of the positive and negative electrodes are fixed by precision welding, ultrasonic welding or other conductive connection processes to ensure the reliability of the protruding foil 62 in terms of mechanical strength and electrical performance.

[0054] Through this implementation, this structural design can achieve efficient current collection of the single electrode group 61, and conduct the positive and negative currents of multiple single electrode groups to the external pole ears, effectively reducing the internal resistance of the entire electrode group and improving the conductivity of the supercapacitor. At the same time, the overlapping layout of the extended foil 62 further improves the stability and uniformity of current transmission by reasonably distributing the contact surface and uniformly dividing the voltage. In addition, the design also optimizes the heat conduction path, which helps to quickly transfer the heat generated during the operation of the capacitor to the outer shell for heat dissipation, thereby improving the overall thermal management effect.

[0055] As a possible implementation, the protruding foil 62 is riveted to the pole lug 5 via a rivet 7 .

[0056] Specifically, the extended foil 62 is riveted to the pole lug 5 by means of the rivets 7. The rivets are a commonly used mechanical connector with good fixation and conductivity, and can ensure a firm electrical connection between the extended foil 62 and the pole lug. By riveting the extended foil 62 to the pole lug 5 by means of the rivets 7, the current from the entire pole group 6 can be effectively conducted to the external circuit, while maintaining the stability of the connection, and avoiding poor contact or looseness due to vibration or long-term use.

[0057] Through this embodiment, the riveting method of the rivet 7 can not only provide a reliable mechanical fixing force, but also ensure good conductivity of the connection area and reduce resistance loss. During the connection process, the rivet 7 passes through the connection hole of the extended foil 62 and the pole ear 5, and forms a fixed structure through the riveting process, so that the current can flow to the external circuit through the extended foil 62 and the pole ear, ensuring the charging and discharging efficiency of the supercapacitor. The structural design of the rivet also has good shock resistance and durability, and is suitable for high-power, high-load capacitor applications, ensuring the stability of the capacitor during long-term operation.

[0058] As a possible implementation, Figure 2 FIG. 4 shows a structural block diagram of an explosion-proof pressure relief valve provided according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown: the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 is composed of a shell 8, a top cover 9 and a base 10. The shell 8 is provided with an explosion-proof disk 11. The side of the top cover 9 facing the base 10 is concave to form a pressure relief cavity 14. The base 10 is provided with a sealing ring 12. The base 10 is connected to the internal space of the shell 1 and the base 10 is movable. A spring 13 is provided on the top of the base 10.

[0059] Specifically, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 3 is composed of a shell 8, a top cover 9 and a base 10. The shell 8 is provided with an explosion-proof disc 11. The explosion-proof disc 11 has a certain pressure bearing capacity and will rupture when the pressure is too high, thereby releasing the internal gas to prevent the supercapacitor from exploding due to excessive pressure. The top cover 9 and the side facing the base 10 are concave to form a pressure relief cavity 14. The design of the pressure relief cavity 14 helps to effectively collect and discharge the gas. When the internal gas is generated, the pressure relief cavity 14 can provide a temporary storage space for the gas to prevent the pressure from rising too quickly and ensure the normal operation of the pressure relief valve. The base 10 is provided with a sealing ring 12, which ensures the sealing performance of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve, prevents external air or impurities from entering the interior of the square supercapacitor, and ensures the safety of the pressure relief process. The base 10 is connected to the internal space of the shell 1 and is movable. The movable design of the base 10 enables it to move slightly when the internal air pressure is too high, so as to quickly release excess gas through the exhaust port to reduce the internal pressure. A spring 13 is provided on the top of the base 10. The function of the spring 13 is to maintain the initial state of the pressure relief valve. When the internal air pressure rises to a certain threshold, the spring 13 will be compressed, driving the base 10 to move, thereby discharging the gas. When the internal pressure returns to normal, the spring 13 will automatically reset, and the base 10 will return to its initial position, cutting off the gas flow channel to prevent gas leakage again.

[0060] It can be seen that the explosion-proof disc 11 can rupture in time when the internal air pressure is too high to release gas, prevent the supercapacitor from exploding, and improve safety; the setting of the pressure relief cavity 14 and the spring 13 makes the pressure relief process more stable and controllable, avoiding the danger caused by a sudden increase in pressure; the mobility of the base 10 and the cooperation of the sealing ring 12 ensure the stability and reliability of the pressure relief valve, so that the supercapacitor always maintains a safe state during long-term operation, improving its service life and performance reliability.

[0061] As a possible implementation, Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a top cover provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, Figure 3 As shown: an exhaust hole 15 and a waterproof breathable membrane 16 are arranged above the top cover 9.

[0062] Specifically, the function of the vent 15 is to provide a gas discharge channel for the square supercapacitor, and when the internal gas pressure is too high, the excess gas can be quickly released to avoid pressure accumulation, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the supercapacitor. The design of the vent usually needs to take into account the flowability and discharge speed of the gas, so that the internal gas can be effectively released at the moment of generation, thereby maintaining the pressure balance inside the capacitor. The waterproof and breathable membrane 16 plays multiple roles of waterproof, dustproof and breathable. The waterproof and breathable membrane 16 can prevent external liquids and dust from entering the interior of the supercapacitor, so as to prevent moisture or impurities in the external environment from polluting or corroding the electrolyte and electrode materials inside the capacitor, and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the capacitor under different environments. At the same time, the waterproof and breathable membrane 16 has good gas permeability, and when the gas pressure inside the capacitor increases, the gas can be discharged smoothly without causing the external environment to affect the performance of the capacitor.

[0063] It can be seen that the design of the vent hole 15 and the waterproof breathable membrane 16 combines the functions of gas discharge and external protection, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of the supercapacitor. The vent hole 15 makes the pressure relief process smoother and prevents accidents caused by excessive pressure, while the waterproof breathable membrane 16 ensures that the external environment does not have a negative impact on the internal structure of the capacitor, thereby improving the working life and stability of the supercapacitor.

[0064] In the above technical solution, the present application provides a square supercapacitor with an explosion-proof pressure relief valve, which has the composite function of pressure relief and explosion protection. First, when the square supercapacitor generates gas due to electrochemical reaction during operation, the gas will be temporarily stored in the reserved gas storage cavity. This design can effectively alleviate the pressure effect of the rapid accumulation of internal gas on the capacitor and protect the stability of the internal structure. When the gas generation continues to increase and causes the internal pressure to exceed the preset safety range, the built-in spring will be compressed, triggering the explosion-proof pressure relief valve to discharge excess gas, thereby reducing the internal pressure. After the pressure is reduced, the spring can quickly return to its initial state, and the valve will close to form a one-way airflow control, ensuring that the gas can only be discharged from the inside, and the outside air cannot flow back into the inside, thereby avoiding external air from polluting the electrolyte and electrode materials, and ensuring the stability of battery performance.

[0065] This explosion-proof pressure relief valve is designed to be reusable and can be vented and depressurized multiple times without causing failure of the single capacitor. Unlike the limitation of traditional explosion-proof valves that fail once activated, this explosion-proof pressure relief valve can perform repeated venting and pressure relief operations, significantly improving the capacity retention rate and cycle life of square supercapacitors. At the same time, when a supercapacitor experiences thermal runaway due to a fault or external environmental factors, the internal air pressure may rise sharply in a short period of time. At this time, the explosion-proof disc will rupture directly and release gas quickly. In combination with the pressure relief function of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve, the risk of explosion can be prevented to the greatest extent possible, ensuring the overall safety of the capacitor.

[0066] In addition, the waterproof and breathable membrane set on the top of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve also plays an important role. The membrane has good waterproof, dustproof and breathable properties, which can effectively prevent external liquids and dust from entering the interior of the supercapacitor, further ensuring the stability of the internal environment of the capacitor and extending the service life of the product. Through these designs, the supercapacitor provided by this application has been significantly improved in terms of safety, reliability and durability.

[0067] In general, this design not only solves the safety hazard problem caused by internal gas accumulation in square supercapacitors in the existing technology, but also improves the cycle life and usage stability of the capacitor through multiple protection mechanisms, providing users with a safer and longer-lasting energy storage product.

[0068] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A square supercapacitor, characterized in that: The square supercapacitor comprises: A housing for protecting the square supercapacitor; An upper cover, mounted on the top of the shell, and used to close the internal space of the shell; An explosion-proof pressure relief valve is installed on one side of the upper cover, and is used to form a one-way valve to prevent external air from entering the square supercapacitor to affect battery performance and to discharge excess gas when gas is generated inside the square supercapacitor; A gas storage cavity is arranged inside the shell, and the gas storage cavity is used to store part of the gas generated during the operation of the square supercapacitor.

2. The square supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square supercapacitor also includes: The tabs are installed on the symmetrical sides of the upper cover and the explosion-proof pressure relief valve, and the tabs are used to connect the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor.

3. The square supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pole lug passes through the upper cover and is fixed to the upper cover by a nut.

4. The square supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The square supercapacitor also includes: An integral electrode group is arranged inside the shell and the top of the integral electrode group is connected to the electrode ear. The integral electrode group is used to supply power to the outside of the square supercapacitor through the electrode ear.

5. The square supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the shell is welded to the upper cover.

6. The square supercapacitor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The overall electrode group is obtained by fixing a plurality of single electrode groups in parallel. The single electrode group is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet folded together. The separator is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

7. The square supercapacitor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the integral electrode group is provided with a protruding foil, and the protruding foil is formed by overlapping parts of the same shape extending upward from the tops of the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets of a plurality of the single electrode groups.

8. The square supercapacitor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protruding foil is riveted to the pole lug by means of rivets.

9. The square supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof pressure relief valve is composed of a shell, a top cover and a base. The shell is provided with an explosion-proof plate. The top cover is concave on one side facing the base to form a pressure relief cavity. The base is provided with a sealing ring. The base is connected to the internal space of the shell and is movable. A spring is provided on the top of the base.

10. The square supercapacitor according to claim 9, characterized in that: An exhaust hole and a waterproof breathable membrane are arranged above the top cover.

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