Near transient response ammonia fuel supply system and method

Abstract

According to the near transient response ammonia fuel supply system and method, a liquid ammonia tank provides fuel for an area where a liquid ammonia tank is located through liquid ammonia, and the fuel is distributed to a gasifier and a liquid ammonia supply branch after being controlled through a main electromagnetic valve; liquid ammonia passes through a gasifier and then is divided into three branches, the three branches enter a plasma processing unit through opening valves, enter an ammonia gas distributor through electromagnetic valves, then enter an ammonia gas cracker and enter a mixer through electromagnetic valves, and each plasma processor in the plasma processing unit is provided with an electromagnetic valve for independent control of ammonia gas processing. And the gas treated by the plasma passes through the catalyst bed, then enters the ammonia gas distributor to be mixed with the ammonia gas passing through the electromagnetic valve, then enters the ammonia gas cracker, then enters the mixer to be further mixed with the ammonia gas passing through the electromagnetic valve, and finally enters the fuel consumption end through the electromagnetic valve. The method has the advantages of zero carbon emission, high efficiency, easiness in expansion and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy application, and in particular relates to an ammonia fuel supply system and method with near-transient response. Background Art

[0002] The large amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced in the post-industrial era has had a great impact on the living environment of human beings. At the same time, the continuous consumption of fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas has caused unprecedented severe energy shortages and environmental pollution problems. The low-carbonization and renewable energy of photovoltaic, wind energy, tidal energy and other energy sources have become an inevitable trend in energy development and application and energy conservation and emission reduction. However, photovoltaic, wind energy and tidal energy have regional and seasonal characteristics, and the inability to directly access the Internet has severely restricted their rapid development. Renewable electricity is converted into energy storage media such as hydrogen, ammonia and methanol on site. Among them, ammonia is expected to be easier to store and transport for a long time and has zero carbon emissions, which has received more attention. The preparation, transportation and consumption of renewable hydrogen energy are increasingly recognized and supported by the industry. As a carrier of hydrogen and a carrier of energy storage, ammonia energy has also received increasing attention and research, and its production model, industrial chain and consumption issues at the application end have also gradually received attention and attention. As an effective means of long-term energy storage, the advantages of ammonia can be fully utilized. Although ammonia is very easy to liquefy, store and transport, as a fuel, ammonia is chemically inert, has poor combustion characteristics, low laminar combustion flame speed and low calorific value. It is generally used in the form of blending, such as coal, gasoline, diesel, natural gas and other combustion-supporting fuels with fast combustion speed and high calorific value. This leads to the need for additional fuel storage and supply branches in some application areas, resulting in inability to completely decarbonize. In addition, to some extent, the storage and replenishment of a second fuel or multiple auxiliary fuels are required, which forms an obstacle to completely zero-carbon combustion. Partially or completely decomposing ammonia into hydrogen to improve its combustion performance is a relatively effective way to form zero-carbon fuel without the need for additional fuel storage. However, the traditional electric heating method has the defects of slow response speed and high power consumption, and its use and development are limited in many application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to minimize the power consumption used in the process of hydrogen production by ammonia decomposition while maintaining the timely response performance of the ammonia fuel supply system, the present invention provides an ammonia fuel supply system and method with near-transient response, aiming to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing fuel supply system. The invention provides an ammonia fuel supply method and system with near-transient response, which utilizes ammonia fuel to replace fuel gas, is easy to store and transport, and utilizes plasma to effectively solve the problems of difficult ignition and continuous combustion of ammonia. It has a short start-up time, high combustion stability and burnout rate, and greatly reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] A near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system, comprising a main solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first opening valve, a first solenoid valve-an nth solenoid valve, a first plasma processing unit-an nth plasma processing unit, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a liquid ammonia solenoid valve, a liquid ammonia opening valve, a hydrogen concentration detector, and a pressure sensor;

[0006] The liquid ammonia tank provides fuel for the near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system, and the fuel is distributed to the gasifier and the liquid ammonia supply branch through the main solenoid valve. After the liquid ammonia passes through the gasifier to form ammonia gas, it is divided into three branches and passes through the first opening valve, the third solenoid valve, and the fourth solenoid valve respectively. The ammonia gas enters the first plasma processing unit-the nth plasma processing unit through the first opening valve; after passing through the first plasma processing unit-the nth plasma processing unit, the ammonia gas enters the catalyst bed through the 11th pipeline-the n1th pipeline respectively, and further enters the ammonia distributor through the 1mth pipeline-the nmth pipeline, and is connected with the ammonia gas through the third solenoid valve. ammonia, and then further enters the ammonia cracker through the 1h pipeline-nh pipeline, and then enters the mixer to mix with the ammonia passing through the 4th solenoid valve, and then enters the fuel consumption end through the 5th solenoid valve; the high-temperature flue gas inlet refers to the high-temperature gas discharged, and the ammonia cracking reaction is completed through the ammonia cracker, and then discharged from the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and then the heat is further transferred to the air participating in the combustion through the air regenerator, and then discharged into the atmosphere through the tail gas; the liquid ammonia through the liquid ammonia supply branch directly enters the fuel consumption end through the liquid ammonia solenoid valve and then through the liquid ammonia opening valve, and n represents the number of the plasma processing units.

[0007] Furthermore, the plasma of the first plasma processing unit to the nth plasma processing unit is arc plasma, microwave plasma, dielectric barrier discharge plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

[0008] Furthermore, the catalyst used in the catalyst bed and the ammonia cracker is a Ni-based, Fe-based, Co-based transition metal catalyst, or a Ru-based, Pt-based, Pd-based, Rh-based, Ag-based precious metal catalyst, or a mixture or alloy of two or more catalysts, and the catalyst carrier is diatomaceous earth, kaolin, or activated carbon, silica gel, or glass sheet, glass fiber, or silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, or a high molecular polymer.

[0009] Furthermore, the ammonia cracker is a tube-sheet type, a shell-and-tube type, a partition type, a hybrid type or a heat storage type structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the stable working gas pressure of the ammonia fuel supply system is normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres; the ratio of liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia supply branch to the total ammonia supply is 0 or any ratio between 0-100%; the ratio of ammonia passing through the fourth solenoid valve to ammonia formed by the gasifier is 0 or any ratio between 0-100%.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas inlet is exhaust gas from a gas turbine, or exhaust gas from a reciprocating engine, or exhaust gas from an external combustion engine, or exhaust gas from a gas boiler, or exhaust gas from a burner, or exhaust gas from an aircraft engine.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel consumption end is an engine, a gas turbine, a generator, a coal-fired boiler, a cement decomposition furnace, a cement kiln converter, a gas boiler, a ship power system, a metal smelting system or a chemical plant.

[0013] The present invention also provides an ammonia fuel supply method for an ammonia fuel supply system with a near transient response, comprising: liquid ammonia is divided into two paths after passing through a main solenoid valve, namely a gasifier branch and a liquid ammonia direct supply branch; liquid ammonia is further divided into three branches after passing through the gasifier, namely a gas passing through a plasma processing unit, an ammonia branch entering an ammonia distributor, and an ammonia branch directly mixed with cracked gas; the gases after passing through the three branches are mixed in a mixing tank and supplied to a fuel consumption end through a solenoid valve; the liquid ammonia direct supply branch directly supplies liquid ammonia to the fuel consumption end; the gasification and cracking branch and the liquid ammonia direct supply branch independently supply fuel to the fuel consumption end; when the fuel consumption end is cold started, the gasification and cracking branch first supplies gas fuel, and after the system cold start is stable, the liquid ammonia direct supply branch gradually replenishes liquid ammonia fuel.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas entering the fuel consumption end is 0 or any ratio between 0-75%.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present invention uses ammonia fuel to replace fossil energy such as natural gas, and achieves carbon dioxide emission reduction or zero carbon emission in application scenarios such as ammonia fuel power, electricity, chemical industry, cement construction, smelting, transportation, and shipping;

[0017] 2. The present invention couples exhaust gas waste heat with plasma technology to realize multifunctional and rapid ammonia-hydrogen fuel supply. High-temperature flue gas enters the ammonia cracker through the high-temperature flue gas inlet to exchange heat with ammonia and realize thermal cracking reaction of ammonia to form an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas. After heat exchange, the flue gas enters the air regenerator through the high-temperature flue gas outlet to preheat the combustion air. The flue gas after heat exchange is further heat exchanged through the gasifier to realize gasification of large-flow liquid ammonia, and then discharged through the exhaust gas outlet.

[0018] 3. The present invention has the advantages of zero carbon emission, high efficiency and easy expansion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an ammonia fuel supply system with near transient response according to the present invention.

[0020] Among them, the figure markings are: main solenoid valve mg1, second solenoid valve mg2, first opening valve vl1, first solenoid valve lg1-nth solenoid valve lgn, first plasma processing unit p1-nth plasma processing unit pn, third solenoid valve mg3, fourth solenoid valve mg4, liquid ammonia solenoid valve mg2, liquid ammonia opening valve vl2, hydrogen concentration detector Hm1, pressure sensor Pm, first opening valve vl1, 1lth pipeline lmg1-nlth pipeline lmgn, 1mth pipeline mmg1-nmth pipeline mmgn, 1hth pipeline hmg1-nhth pipeline hmgn, 5th solenoid valve hg1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0022] The ammonia passing through the first ammonia inlet is gasified in the gasifier and then enters the n-way plasma for direct treatment. The ammonia passing through the second ammonia inlet is a branch that enters the ammonia distributor for mixing after being gasified in the gasifier and then enters the ammonia cracker for cracking together. The third ammonia inlet refers to a branch that directly enters the mixing tank after being gasified in the gasifier to be mixed with the gas cracked by the ammonia cracker. The fourth ammonia inlet refers to a liquid ammonia branch that is directly output from the liquid ammonia tank to the fuel consumption end.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system of the present invention includes a liquid ammonia tank, a main solenoid valve mg1, a second solenoid valve mg2, a gasifier, a first opening valve vl1, a first solenoid valve lg1-anth solenoid valve lgn, a first plasma processing unit p1-anth plasma processing unit pn, a catalyst bed, an ammonia distributor, an ammonia cracker, a third solenoid valve mg3, a fourth solenoid valve mg4, a liquid ammonia solenoid valve mg2, a liquid ammonia opening valve vl2, an air regenerator, a hydrogen concentration detector Hm1 and a pressure sensor Pm.

[0024] The liquid ammonia tank provides fuel for the system, and the fuel is distributed to the gasifier and the liquid ammonia supply branch through the main solenoid valve mg1. After the liquid ammonia passes through the gasifier to form ammonia, it is divided into three branches and passes through the first opening valve vl1, the third solenoid valve mg3, and the fourth solenoid valve mg4 respectively. The ammonia enters the first plasma processing unit p1-nth plasma processing unit pn through the first opening valve vl1; after passing through the first plasma processing unit p1-nth plasma processing unit pn, the ammonia enters the catalyst bed through the 11th pipeline lmg1-n1th pipeline lmgn respectively, and further enters the ammonia distributor through the 1mth pipeline mmg1-nmth pipeline mmgn, mixes with the ammonia passing through the 3rd solenoid valve mg3, and further enters the ammonia cracker through the 1hth pipeline hmg1-nhth pipeline hmgn, and then enters the mixer to mix with the ammonia passing through the 4th solenoid valve mg4, and then enters the fuel consumption end through the 5th solenoid valve hg1.

[0025] The liquid ammonia passing through the liquid ammonia supply branch passes through the liquid ammonia solenoid valve mg2 and then directly enters the fuel consumption end through the liquid ammonia opening valve vl2.

[0026] Preferably, the plasma of the first plasma processing unit p1 to the nth plasma processing unit pn is arc plasma, microwave plasma, DBD plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

[0027] Preferably, the catalyst used in the catalyst bed and the ammonia cracker can be a transition metal catalyst such as Ni-based, Fe-based, Co-based, etc., or a precious metal catalyst such as Ru-based, Pt-based, Pd-based, Rh-based, Ag-based, etc., or a mixture or alloy of two or more catalysts. The carrier of the catalyst can be a natural mineral such as diatomaceous earth and kaolin, or a porous substance such as activated carbon and silica gel, or a glass sheet, glass fiber, etc., or a ceramic such as silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, or an organic carrier such as a high molecular polymer.

[0028] Preferably, the ammonia cracker can be a tube-sheet structure, a shell-and-tube type, a partition type, a hybrid type, a heat storage type, etc.

[0029] Preferably, the stable working pressure of the ammonia fuel supply system can be normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres; the ratio of liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia supply branch to the total ammonia supply can be 0, or any ratio between 0-100%; the ratio of ammonia passing through the fourth solenoid valve mg4 to ammonia formed by the gasifier can be 0, or any ratio between 0-100%.

[0030] Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas inlet can be the exhaust gas of a gas turbine, or the exhaust gas of a reciprocating engine, or the exhaust gas of an external combustion engine, or the exhaust gas of a gas boiler, or the exhaust gas of a burner, or the exhaust gas of an aircraft engine, etc.

[0031] Preferably, the fuel consumption end can be an engine, a gas turbine, a generator, a coal-fired boiler, a cement decomposition furnace, a cement kiln converter, a gas boiler, a ship power system, a metal smelting system, a chemical plant, etc.

[0032] The present invention also provides a near-transient response ammonia fuel supply method, comprising:

[0033] After passing through the main solenoid valve mg1, liquid ammonia is divided into two paths, namely, a gasifier branch and a liquid ammonia direct supply branch. After passing through the gasifier, liquid ammonia is further divided into three branches, namely, the gas passing through the plasma treatment unit, the ammonia branch entering the ammonia distributor, and the ammonia branch directly mixed with the cracked gas. The gases after passing through the three branches are mixed in the mixing tank and supplied to the fuel consumption end through the solenoid valve. The liquid ammonia direct supply branch directly supplies liquid ammonia to the fuel consumption end; the gasification and cracking branch and the liquid ammonia direct supply branch independently supply fuel to the fuel consumption end. When the fuel consumption end is cold-started, the gasification and cracking branch first supplies gas fuel. After the cold start of the ammonia fuel supply system with a near-transient response is stable, the liquid ammonia direct supply branch gradually replenishes liquid ammonia fuel; the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas entering the fuel consumption end can be 0, or any proportion between 0-75%.

[0034] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the invention, as well as some embodiments of its application. A person skilled in the art may make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the invention, and all of these belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system, characterized in that: It includes a main solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first opening valve, a first solenoid valve-an nth solenoid valve, a first plasma processing unit-an nth plasma processing unit, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a liquid ammonia solenoid valve, a liquid ammonia opening valve, a hydrogen concentration detector, and a pressure sensor; The liquid ammonia tank provides fuel for the near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system, and the fuel is distributed to the gasifier and the liquid ammonia supply branch through the main solenoid valve. After the liquid ammonia passes through the gasifier to form ammonia gas, it is divided into three branches and passes through the first opening valve, the third solenoid valve, and the fourth solenoid valve respectively. The ammonia gas enters the first plasma processing unit-the nth plasma processing unit through the first opening valve; after passing through the first plasma processing unit-the nth plasma processing unit, the ammonia gas enters the catalyst bed through the 11th pipeline-the n1th pipeline respectively, and further enters the ammonia distributor through the 1mth pipeline-the nmth pipeline, and is connected with the ammonia gas through the third solenoid valve. ammonia, and then further enters the ammonia cracker through the 1h pipeline-nh pipeline, and then enters the mixer to mix with the ammonia passing through the 4th solenoid valve, and then enters the fuel consumption end through the 5th solenoid valve; the high-temperature flue gas inlet refers to the high-temperature gas discharged, and the ammonia cracking reaction is completed through the ammonia cracker, and then discharged from the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and then the heat is further transferred to the air participating in the combustion through the air regenerator, and then discharged into the atmosphere through the tail gas; the liquid ammonia through the liquid ammonia supply branch directly enters the fuel consumption end through the liquid ammonia solenoid valve and then through the liquid ammonia opening valve, and n represents the number of the plasma processing units.

2. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma of the first plasma processing unit to the nth plasma processing unit is arc plasma, microwave plasma, dielectric barrier discharge plasma, radio frequency plasma, sliding arc plasma, corona discharge plasma or rotating arc plasma.

3. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst used in the catalyst bed and the ammonia cracker is a Ni-based, Fe-based, Co-based transition metal catalyst, or a Ru-based, Pt-based, Pd-based, Rh-based, Ag-based noble metal catalyst, or a mixture or alloy of two or more catalysts. The carrier of the catalyst is diatomaceous earth, kaolin, or activated carbon, silica gel, or glass sheet, glass fiber, or silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, or a high molecular polymer.

4. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia cracker is of tube-sheet type, shell-and-tube type, partition type, mixed type or heat storage type structure.

5. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stable working gas pressure of the ammonia fuel supply system is normal pressure, or any pressure between normal pressure and 1 thousand atmospheres; the ratio of liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia supply branch to the total ammonia supply is 0 or any ratio between 0-100%; the ratio of ammonia passing through the fourth solenoid valve to ammonia formed by the gasifier is 0 or any ratio between 0-100%.

6. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas inlet is exhaust gas from a gas turbine, or exhaust gas from a reciprocating engine, or exhaust gas from an external combustion engine, or exhaust gas from a gas boiler, or exhaust gas from a burner, or exhaust gas from an aircraft engine.

7. The near-transient response ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel consumption end is an engine, a gas turbine, a generator, a coal-fired boiler, a cement decomposition furnace, a cement kiln converter, a gas boiler, a ship power system, a metal smelting system or a chemical plant.

8. The ammonia fuel supply method of the ammonia fuel supply system with near transient response according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: After passing through the main solenoid valve, liquid ammonia is divided into two branches, namely the gasifier branch and the liquid ammonia direct supply branch. After passing through the gasifier, liquid ammonia is further divided into three branches, namely the gas passing through the plasma treatment unit, the ammonia branch entering the ammonia distributor, and the ammonia branch directly mixed with the cracked gas. The gases after passing through the three branches are mixed in the mixing tank and supplied to the fuel consumption end through the solenoid valve. The liquid ammonia direct supply branch directly supplies liquid ammonia to the fuel consumption end; the gasification and cracking branch and the liquid ammonia direct supply branch independently supply fuel to the fuel consumption end. When the fuel consumption end is cold started, the gasification and cracking branch first supplies gas fuel, and after the system cold start is stable, the liquid ammonia direct supply branch gradually replenishes liquid ammonia fuel.

9. The ammonia fuel supply method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas entering the fuel consumption end is 0 or any ratio between 0-75%.

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