A method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of leather artifact protection, and discloses a kind of efficient non-destructive identification method of vegetable-tanned leather artifact.The method is: test to obtain the small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of leather artifact synchrotron radiation source, observe whether there is obvious periodic diffraction peak in the pattern;If there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak, the leather artifact is vegetable-tanned leather artifact;Among them, the moisture content of the leather artifact is 5%-15%.Compared with the prior art, the present application uses non-destructive means to ensure the integrity of the artifact structure and meet the requirements of artifact protection;The identification process is efficient and fast, and accurate results can be obtained in only 0.1-1 seconds, significantly shortening the identification period and reducing labor and time costs;By observing the diffraction peaks in the diffraction pattern, the type of leather artifact can be judged directly, simplifying the identification process;The technology is highly adaptable and is not affected by the shape, form and preservation state of the artifact, does not require complex pretreatment, and is suitable for identification of various leather artifacts.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of leather artifact protection, and particularly relates to a method for identifying plant-tanned leather artifacts. BACKGROUND

[0002] Leather, as a key element of human civilization evolution, is closely related to social progress. It not only carries the material cultural heritage of different nations around the world, but also reflects their spiritual outlook. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the scientific management and protection of leather artifacts to ensure that their cultural value can be inherited and highlighted. Tanning agents play a crucial role in the leather processing process, significantly improving the stability and durability of leather. In particular, plant-tanned leather made from plant tannins has a long history and occupies a pivotal position in leather artifacts due to its wide range of raw materials. Accurate identification of plant-tanned leather is crucial for developing effective protection strategies. However, existing identification techniques are often complex and may even cause damage to artifacts, which obviously violates the principle of non-destructive testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more advanced, efficient, and non-destructive identification methods for plant-tanned leather artifacts. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present application aims to provide a non-destructive and fast identification method for plant-tanned leather artifacts.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] A method for identifying plant-tanned leather artifacts, the identification steps of which are as follows:

[0006] Obtaining the small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather artifact under test using a synchrotron radiation source, observing whether there are obvious periodic diffraction peaks in the pattern, and if there are no obvious periodic diffraction peaks, the leather artifact is a plant-tanned leather artifact;

[0007] Preferably, the moisture content of the leather artifact is 5%-15%.

[0008] Preferably, the leather artifact includes any one of goat leather, sheep leather, cow leather, pig leather, deer leather, horse leather, donkey leather, and modern leather.

[0009] Preferably, the sample form of the leather artifact includes any one of a leather piece, leather residue, and leather particles.

[0010] Preferably, the testing time of the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering is 0.1-1 s.

[0011] Preferably, the plant-tanned leather artifact includes any one of hydrolyzed tannin tanned leather artifact and condensed tannin tanned leather artifact.

[0012] More preferably, the hydrolyzable tannins include any one of oak tannins, gallnut tannins, chestnut tannins, sumac tannins, valonia tannins, and tara tannins.

[0013] More preferably, the condensed tannins include any one of alder tannins, quebracho tannins, larch tannins, bayberry tannins, citrange tannins, red root tannins, casuarina tannins, thick-barked tree tannins, and acacia tannins.

[0014] The present application uses synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray technology to identify plant-tanned leather cultural relics, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0015] (1) Non-destructive testing, protecting cultural relics: using a non-destructive method, avoiding damage to the structure of the cultural relics, meeting the strict requirements of cultural relic protection.

[0016] (2) Efficient identification, simplifying the process: only 0.1-1 seconds are needed to obtain accurate results, greatly shortening the identification period and reducing labor and time costs.

[0017] (3) Results are intuitive and data are clear: by observing the diffraction peaks in the diffraction pattern, the type of leather cultural relics can be quickly determined, reducing the complexity of identification.

[0018] (4) Widely applicable, regardless of differences: the technology is highly adaptable and is not affected by the shape, form, and preservation state of the cultural relics, without the need for complex pre-treatment, and is suitable for a variety of leather cultural relics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Figure 1 is the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient goat plant-tanned leather simulation sample of Example 1;

[0020] Figure 2 Figure 2 is the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the un-tanned sheep skin of Example 2;

[0021] Figure 3 Figure 3 is the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient cow aluminum tanned leather simulation sample of Example 3;

[0022] Figure 4 Figure 4 is the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient sheep smoked tanned leather simulation sample of Example 4;

[0023] Figure 5 Figure 5 is the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient cow plant-tanned leather simulation sample of Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings. It should be noted that the following actual cases are only used to further describe the present application and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. Related skilled persons can still make some non-essential improvements and adjustments according to the research content of the present application.

[0025] The present application provides a method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics, and the identification steps are as follows:

[0026] The synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather cultural relic is tested, and whether there is an obvious periodic diffraction peak in the pattern is observed; if there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak, the leather cultural relic is a plant-tanned leather cultural relic; wherein the moisture content of the leather cultural relic is 5%-15%.

[0027] In the process of implementing the present application, the applicant has found through a large amount of practice that, compared with other types of tanning, the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of plant-tanned leather does not have an obvious periodic diffraction peak, which may be because the tannin in the plant-tanned leather sample has a shielding effect around the collagen fibers, causing background scattering and making the signal disappear. A moisture content higher than 15% will weaken this effect, making the plant-tanned leather show periodic diffraction peaks; and the presence of bound water in the leather makes its moisture content cannot be lower than 5%. Therefore, only when the moisture content is 5%-15%, the test result meets the identification method of the present application.

[0028] It should be noted that the identification method of the present application is applicable to the identification of all leathers, i.e. both modern leathers and leather cultural relics. Since the leather cultural relics cannot be damaged in the identification process, the method of the present application is particularly suitable for leather cultural relics. The currently discovered leather cultural relics include goat leather cultural relics, sheep leather cultural relics, cow leather cultural relics, pig leather cultural relics, deer leather cultural relics, horse leather cultural relics and donkey leather cultural relics. Due to the limitations of ancient technology, the leather cultural relics include but are not limited to any one of the ancient common tanning methods such as aluminum tanning, iron tanning, plant tanning, smoke tanning, nitre tanning and oil tanning.

[0029] In the present application, how to test the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray data is adaptively adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to experience, without special limitation. For example, the basic fixed test parameters such as X-ray energy, test distance between the detector and the sample can be adjusted according to the effective test area. The two-dimensional data obtained by the test is converted into one-dimensional data by using Fit2D software, and the final pattern result is further obtained by Gaussian fitting peak.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present application, the shape sample of the leather cultural relic is not required, and can be any one of a leather piece, leather residue and leather particle, but a minimum sample of about 1*1 mm is required to cover the test aperture to avoid emptying.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the test time of the small-angle X-ray scattering of the synchrotron radiation source is 0.1-1 s. The test time is distinguished according to the moisture content of the leather cultural relic. If the moisture content is 5%-10%, the test time is selected to be 0.1-0.5 s to prevent the overexposure phenomenon from interfering with the measurement result. If the moisture content is 10%-15%, the test time is selected to be 0.5-1 s to obtain clearer spectral information.

[0032] The plant-tanned leather cultural relic includes any one of a hydrolytic tannin tanned leather cultural relic and a condensed tannin tanned leather cultural relic. In some optional embodiments, the hydrolytic tannin plant-tanned leather cultural relic includes, but is not limited to, any one of oak gall tannin, vauquelin tannin, chestnut tannin, lac tannin, chestnut tannin and tara tannin; and the condensed tannin includes any one of alder tannin, quebracho tannin, larch tannin, bayberry tannin, citrus tannin, red root tannin, casuarina tannin, thick bark tannin and acacia tannin.

[0033] In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clear, the identification method of the plant-tanned leather cultural relic is further described in detail through a plurality of specific embodiments.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present application, the synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray scattering experiment is completed at the synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray scattering experiment station of the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility, and the device model used is a PILATUS 1M detector.

[0035] Due to the scarcity of the leather cultural relic sample itself, the ancient leather simulation sample is used in the comparative examples and part of the embodiments. The preparation methods of different simulation samples are as follows:

[0036] Ancient goat plant-tanned leather simulation sample: It is found by the ancients that after the raw hide is soaked with plant leaves, tree bark and dry roots for several months, soft and corrosion-resistant leather can be obtained, thereby forming a long history of plant tanning process. The essence of plant tanning is that the plant tannin (polyphenol extracted from plants) forms a multi-point hydrogen bond chemical cross-linking through the phenolic hydroxyl group and the peptide bond and the side chain active group of the leather collagen. Therefore, a plant tannin extracted from the bark of a Chinese osier tree, i.e., a Chinese osier tree tannin, is used as a plant tanning agent to tan the goat skin, and sulfonated rape oil at 10% and sulfated castor oil at 5% based on the weight of the tanned leather are used for emulsion fatliquoring of the tanned leather. After hanging and drying, softening and other processes, the ancient goat plant-tanned leather simulation sample is prepared.

[0037] Ancient cow aluminum tanning leather simulation sample: In ancient China, "alum" commonly used in chemistry refers to metal sulfate. Alum is a common natural mineral with a long history and is widely used in leather making. The aluminum salt in alum can coordinate with the carboxyl group of collagen to achieve chemical crosslinking and complete the tanning process. Therefore, aluminum sulfate was used as an aluminum tanning agent to tan cowhide, and sulfonated rapeseed oil, sulfated castor oil and hot water were mixed and stirred into an emulsion at a mass ratio of 2:1:9, which was evenly applied to the flesh side of the tanned leather. After standing, drying on a stretching board and softening treatment, an ancient cow aluminum tanning leather simulation sample was prepared.

[0038] Ancient sheep smoked tanning leather simulation sample: In ancient times, in order to prolong the storage time of animal hides and prevent them from rotting, ancient people discovered that smoke curing could prevent animal hides from deteriorating. The volatile aldehydes and phenolic compounds in smoke can bind to collagen to produce tanning effects, which is the origin of smoke tanning (aldehyde tanning). Since wood mainly consists of lignocellulose, its pyrolysis products, furfural and guaiacol, can simulate the volatile small molecules in smoke. Therefore, furfural and guaiacol were used as smoke tanning agents to tan sheepskin, and sulfonated rapeseed oil, sulfated castor oil and hot water were mixed and stirred into an emulsion at a mass ratio of 2:1:9, which was evenly applied to the flesh side of the tanned leather. After standing, drying on a stretching board and softening treatment, an ancient sheep smoked tanning leather simulation sample was prepared.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The ancient goat vegetable tanned leather simulation sample was placed on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument, the sample form was a hide piece, the tannin type used was Chinese schima tannin, the moisture content was about 15%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering were obtained. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0041] The detection results are shown in Figure 1 As can be seen from Figure 1 , the diffraction image does not have obvious periodic diffraction peaks, indicating that it is vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The untanned sheep skin sample was placed on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument, the sample form was a hide piece, the moisture content was about 15%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering were obtained. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0044] The detection results are shown in Figure 2As shown, from Figure 2 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A simulated sample of ancient aluminum-tanned ox hide was placed on the sample plate of a synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering (SAX-ray scattering) instrument. The sample, in the form of a leather block, had a moisture content of approximately 15%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the sample-to-detector distance was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. Two-dimensional synchrotron radiation SAX-ray scattering data were obtained. The results were converted to one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe the presence of periodic diffraction peaks.

[0047] Test results such as Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] A simulated sample of ancient sheep smoke-tanned leather was placed on the sample plate of a synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering instrument. The sample, in the form of a leather block, had a moisture content of approximately 15%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the sample-to-detector distance was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The test generated two-dimensional synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering data. The results were converted to one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe the presence of periodic diffraction peaks.

[0050] Test results such as Figure 4 As shown, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] A simulated sample of ancient vegetable-tanned cow leather was placed on the sample plate of a synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering instrument. The sample, in the form of a leather block, had a moisture content of approximately 30%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The test produced two-dimensional synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering data. The results were converted to one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe the presence of periodic diffraction peaks.

[0053] Test results such as Figure 5 As shown, from Figure 5 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is inconsistent with the actual situation.

[0054] According to the test results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that within the specified moisture range, all non-vegetable tanning leather samples except the vegetable tanning leather sample show obvious periodic diffraction peaks in the small-angle X-ray scattering image of the synchrotron radiation source, which is intuitive and simple to distinguish. The reason for this phenomenon is that the tannin in the vegetable tanning leather sample has a wrapping and shielding effect around the collagen fibers, causing background scattering and making the signal disappear (Example 1). However, too high moisture content can weaken the above effect (Comparative Example 1), making the vegetable tanning leather also show periodic diffraction peaks, so the moisture content range of the measured sample must be within the required range.

[0055] Through the analysis of the above examples and comparative examples, it is not difficult to see that the method is direct and effective in identifying vegetable tanning leather cultural relics, and the completely non-destructive testing method is also unattainable by the prior art. The identification of vegetable tanning leather cultural relics by the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering method used in the present application has obvious progress compared with the prior art, and can meet the non-destructive testing requirements of cultural relic identification.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] An ancient goat vegetable tanning leather simulation sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering testing instrument, the sample form was skin residue, the type of tannin used was chestnut tannin, the moisture content was about 5%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.1 s. The two-dimensional data results of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering were obtained. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0058] The final result showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, which was identified as vegetable tanning leather, consistent with the actual situation.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] An ancient goat vegetable tanning leather simulation sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray scattering testing instrument, the sample form was skin residue, the type of tannin used was chestnut tannin, the moisture content was about 5%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.1 s. The two-dimensional data results of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering were obtained. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0061] The final result showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, which was identified as vegetable tanning leather, consistent with the actual situation.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] The ancient pig vegetable tanned leather simulation sample is covered on the sample plate of the small angle X-ray scattering testing instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form is a skin piece, the tannin type used is hardwood tannin, the moisture content is about 7%, the X-ray energy is 10 keV, the sample to detector distance is 5.2 m, and the exposure time is 0.4 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering is obtained. The result is converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there is a diffraction peak is observed.

[0064] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] The ancient goat vegetable tanned leather simulation sample is covered on the sample plate of the small angle X-ray scattering testing instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form is a skin residue, the tannin type used is larch tannin, the moisture content is about 8%, the X-ray energy is 10 keV, the sample to detector distance is 5.2 m, and the exposure time is 0.3 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering is obtained. The result is converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there is a diffraction peak is observed.

[0067] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the goat vegetable tanned leather sample, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0068] Example 9

[0069] The ancient sheep vegetable tanned leather simulation sample is covered on the sample plate of the small angle X-ray scattering testing instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form is a skin particle, the tannin type used is willow bark tannin, the moisture content is about 10%, the X-ray energy is 10 keV, the sample to detector distance is 5.2 m, and the exposure time is 0.5 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering is obtained. The result is converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there is a diffraction peak is observed.

[0070] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0071] Example 10

[0072] The ancient cow vegetable tanned leather simulation sample is covered on the sample plate of the small angle X-ray scattering testing instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form is a skin piece, the tannin type used is bayberry tannin, the moisture content is about 10%, the X-ray energy is 10 keV, the sample to detector distance is 5.2 m, and the exposure time is 0.6 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering is obtained. The result is converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there is a diffraction peak is observed.

[0073] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0074] Example 11

[0075] The ancient goat vegetable tanned leather simulation sample was covered on the sample plate of the small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form was skin residue, the type of tannin used was chestnut and tara mixed tannin, the moisture content was about 10%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.6 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering was obtained by testing. The results were converted into one-dimensional data by using Fit2D software, and whether there was a diffraction peak was observed.

[0076] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0077] Example 12

[0078] The modern sheep vegetable tanned leather sample was covered on the sample plate of the small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form was skin particles, the moisture content was about 11%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.7 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering was obtained by testing. The results were converted into one-dimensional data by using Fit2D software, and whether there was a diffraction peak was observed.

[0079] The final result shows that there is no clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0080] Example 13

[0081] The modern cow aluminum tanned leather sample was covered on the sample plate of the small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument of the synchrotron radiation source, the sample form was skin block, the moisture content was about 12%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.6 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering was obtained by testing. The results were converted into one-dimensional data by using Fit2D software, and whether there was a diffraction peak was observed.

[0082] The final result shows that there is a clear periodic diffraction peak in the atlas, which is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0083] Example 14

[0084] The leather artifact sample identified as being tanned with aluminum and from Inner Mongolia was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering testing instrument, the sample form was leather residue, the water content was about 15%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.8 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering was obtained. The result was converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there was a diffraction peak was observed.

[0085] The final result showed that there were clear periodic diffraction peaks in the atlas, which was identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0086] Example 15

[0087] The leather artifact sample identified as being tanned with vegetable tannin and from Xinjiang was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering testing instrument, the sample form was leather particles, the water content was about 7%, the X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The two-dimensional data result of the synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering was obtained. The result was converted into one-dimensional data by using the Fit2D software, and whether there was a diffraction peak was observed.

[0088] The final result showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the atlas, which was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0089] The above-described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics, characterized in that: The identification steps are: The test is to obtain a one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather artifact using a synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray to observe whether the pattern has obvious periodic diffraction peaks. If there are no obvious periodic diffraction peaks, the leather artifact is a vegetable-tanned leather artifact; The moisture content of the leather artifact is 5%-15%; The vegetable tanned leather artifacts include any one of hydrolyzed tannin tanned leather artifacts and condensed tannin tanned leather artifacts.

2. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic according to claim 1, wherein: The leather cultural relics include any one of goat leather cultural relics, sheep leather cultural relics, cow leather cultural relics, pig leather cultural relics, deer leather cultural relics, horse leather cultural relics, donkey leather cultural relics and modern leather.

3. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic according to claim 1, wherein: The leather artifact sample comprises any one of leather pieces, leather residues and leather particles.

4. The method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein: The test time of small-angle X-ray scattering at a synchrotron radiation source is 0.1-1 s.

5. The method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein: The hydrolyzable tannins include any one of oak tannins, gall tannins, chestnut tannins, sumac tannins, kohlrabi tannins and Tara tannins.

6. The method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein: The condensed tannins include any one of black wattle tannin, quebracho tannin, larch tannin, bayberry tannin, pomelo tannin, redroot tannin, casuarina tannin, pachysandra tannin and acacia mangium tannin.

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