Photovoltaic panel fault rapid positioning method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic panel fault rapid positioning method, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a thermosensitive color-changing film on a photovoltaic panel, and enabling the color of the thermosensitive color-changing film to change along with the temperature change of the photovoltaic panel; identifying the photovoltaic panel with abnormal temperature according to the color change of the thermosensitive color-changing film; analyzing and positioning by combining geographic information of the photovoltaic panel array to obtain a fault photovoltaic panel; and the photovoltaic panel with the fault is positioned through the steps. According to the method, the temperature sensitivity of the thermosensitive color-changing film is used for detecting the temperature abnormity of the photovoltaic panel, and the faulted photovoltaic panel is quickly identified and positioned through color change, so that the faulted photovoltaic panel can be found and positioned in an early stage, timely maintenance is carried out, fault expansion is avoided, and the maintenance cost and shutdown loss of a photovoltaic power station are reduced. And the specific position of the fault photovoltaic panel can be accurately positioned in combination with geographic information, so that the time for maintenance personnel to find a fault point on site is shortened, and the maintenance efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a method for quickly locating a photovoltaic panel fault. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation systems use solar panels to convert sunlight directly into electrical energy. Photovoltaic panels are the core components of the system and are usually composed of multiple photovoltaic cells that are connected in series or parallel to increase the output voltage or current. Photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used in residential, commercial and industrial fields, and have the advantages of being clean, renewable and noise-free. When photovoltaic panels are working, they may have uneven temperatures for various reasons, affecting their performance and lifespan. When one or more cells in a photovoltaic panel are blocked or damaged, they may not work properly, resulting in the inability of current to flow. This will cause local high temperatures on these cells, forming hot spots. The hot spot effect will not only reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic panels, accelerate the aging of cells, but may even cause fires, posing serious safety hazards.

[0003] At present, the fault location technology for uneven temperature of photovoltaic panels mainly includes: infrared thermal imaging technology, using infrared thermal imagers to scan photovoltaic panels, and quickly locate abnormal temperature areas through temperature distribution maps. This technology has the advantages of non-contact, fast, and intuitive, but it is costly and greatly affected by environmental factors. Electrical performance monitoring technology: by monitoring the voltage, current, power and other electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic panels, analyzing their change trends, and judging whether there is a fault, this technology can monitor in real time, but requires complex algorithms and equipment support. Chinese patent CN107483014B discloses a method for automatic detection of photovoltaic panel faults, which discloses the following method: collecting infrared image information and synchronized temperature data of photovoltaic panels; automatically extracting the accurate position information of photovoltaic panels from the infrared image information; using the infrared image to detect common faults of photovoltaic panels; using temperature data to detect abnormal areas in photovoltaic panels and corresponding temperature distribution; fusing and outputting the shape features detected by infrared images and the obtained temperature data detection results. This method uses an infrared camera to obtain infrared images and temperature data, which depends on the quality of infrared images, and may affect the accuracy of fault detection, resulting in inaccurate extraction of accurate position information of photovoltaic panels, thereby affecting the results of fault detection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly locating a photovoltaic panel fault, so as to solve the problem that the photovoltaic panel is prone to uneven temperature and the position of the faulty photovoltaic panel needs to be quickly located.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for quickly locating a photovoltaic panel fault, the method comprising: S1, a thermochromic film is provided on the photovoltaic panel, and the thermochromic film changes color as the temperature of the photovoltaic panel changes; S2, identifying photovoltaic panels with abnormal temperatures based on the color change of the thermochromic film; S3, combining the geographic information of the photovoltaic panel array, analyzing and locating the faulty photovoltaic panel; The above steps are used to locate the faulty photovoltaic panel.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, step S2 comprises: S21, during the operation of the photovoltaic panel, obtaining a color change image of the thermochromic film; S22, using image processing software to process the color change image and extract color feature data of the color change image; S23, establishing a corresponding relationship between the color characteristic data of the thermochromic film and the temperature data of the photovoltaic panel; S24, setting the working temperature range of the photovoltaic panel, and when the temperature data corresponding to the color characteristic data exceeds the working temperature range, it is determined to be a photovoltaic panel with abnormal temperature.

[0007] In the preferred solution, in step S22, the color change image is preprocessed, color feature data is obtained from the color change image data, and the color feature data and temperature data are uniformly standardized; In step S23, a corresponding relationship model is established through machine learning to input color feature data and output corresponding temperature data.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, in step S24, within the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel, the thermochromic film is a fixed color; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds or falls below the operating temperature range, the thermochromic film on the photovoltaic panel changes color to indicate that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is abnormal.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, in step S21, a camera is provided on one side of the photovoltaic panel, and the camera is used to photograph the thermochromic film on the photovoltaic panel in real time or periodically, and the camera is used to obtain the color change image of the thermochromic film.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, in step S21, a drone is used to photograph the thermochromic film on the photovoltaic panel, and a flight path of the drone is planned according to the array information of the photovoltaic panel to obtain a color change image of the thermochromic film; The drone includes an infrared obstacle avoidance module and a visual obstacle avoidance module, and the drone can perform automatic flight and path planning through ground station software or a built-in navigation system of the drone.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, step S3 comprises: S31, setting a unique identification code for each photovoltaic panel, collecting their respective geographic information, and establishing a relationship database between the unique identification code and the geographic information; S32, obtaining a unique identification code of the photovoltaic panel with abnormal temperature, and obtaining coordinate position information of the photovoltaic panel with the thermochromic film having color change.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, step S3 further includes obtaining a three-dimensional photovoltaic panel fault area image based on the geographic information and unique identification code of the faulty photovoltaic panel for evaluating the fault severity level.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, at least one thermochromic film is provided on the outer surface of each photovoltaic panel. The thermochromic film is made of a temperature-changing material and is arranged correspondingly to the photovoltaic panel.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the thermochromic film is arranged on the front or back of the photovoltaic panel, and an elastic structure is arranged between the thermochromic film and the photovoltaic panel.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for quickly locating photovoltaic panel faults, the method comprising: providing a thermochromic film on the photovoltaic panel, the thermochromic film changing color as the temperature of the photovoltaic panel changes; identifying the photovoltaic panel with abnormal temperature according to the color change of the thermochromic film; analyzing and locating the faulty photovoltaic panel in combination with the geographic information of the photovoltaic panel array; locating the faulty photovoltaic panel through the above steps. The method utilizes the temperature sensitivity of the thermochromic film to detect the temperature anomaly of the photovoltaic panel, and quickly identifies and locates the faulty photovoltaic panel through the color change, which helps to find and locate the faulty photovoltaic panel at an early stage, carry out maintenance in time, avoid the expansion of the fault, and reduce the maintenance cost and downtime loss of the photovoltaic power station. The specific location of the faulty photovoltaic panel can be accurately located in combination with the geographic information, reducing the time for maintenance personnel to find the fault point on site and improving maintenance efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of step S2 of the method of the present invention; Figure 3 is a flow chart of step S3 of the method of the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of the photovoltaic panel and the thermochromic film of the present invention; Figure 5 is a top view of the photovoltaic panel and the thermochromic film of the present invention; In the figure: photovoltaic panel 1; thermochromic film 2; camera 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Embodiment 1: like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a method for quickly locating a photovoltaic panel fault comprises: S1, a thermochromic film 2 is provided on a photovoltaic panel 1, and the thermochromic film 2 changes color as the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 changes; S2, identifying the photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature according to the color change of the thermochromic film 2; S3, combined with the geographic information of the photovoltaic panel 1 array, analyze and locate the faulty photovoltaic panel 1; the above steps are used to monitor the working state of each photovoltaic panel 1. When the photovoltaic panel 1 fails, its temperature will rise or fall abnormally, so that the thermochromic film 2 changes color, which intuitively reflects the working state of the photovoltaic panel 1; by regularly or in real time monitoring the color change of the thermochromic film 2, the photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature is displayed and identified; the abnormal temperature information of the photovoltaic panel 1 obtained by monitoring is combined with the geographic information for analysis to locate the faulty photovoltaic panel 1. The method uses the temperature sensitivity of the thermochromic film 2 to detect the temperature anomaly of the photovoltaic panel 1, and identifies and locates the faulty photovoltaic panel 1 through color change. It is helpful to find and locate the faulty photovoltaic panel 1 in the early stage, carry out maintenance in time, avoid the expansion of the fault, and reduce the maintenance cost and downtime loss of the photovoltaic power station. Combined with the geographic information system, the specific location of the faulty photovoltaic panel 1 can be accurately located, reducing the time for maintenance personnel to find the fault point on site and improving maintenance efficiency. Preferably, the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 25°C to 75°C, and a thermochromic film 2 with high sensitivity and a wide temperature response range is used, and the wide temperature response range is 25°C to 80°C, so that obvious color changes can occur within the temperature range of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0018] In the preferred embodiment, step S2 includes: S21, during the operation of the photovoltaic panel 1, periodically or in real time acquiring a color change image of the thermochromic film 2, ensuring that the captured image is clear and can display the area of ​​the thermochromic film 2 on the photovoltaic panel 1; S22, using image processing software to process the color change image and extract color feature data of the color change image; S23, establishing a corresponding relationship between the color characteristic data of the thermochromic film 2 and the temperature data of the photovoltaic panel 1; S24, setting the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel 1, and when the temperature data corresponding to the color characteristic data exceeds the operating temperature range, determining that the photovoltaic panel 1 has abnormal temperature.

[0019] In a preferred solution, in step S22, the color change image is preprocessed, color feature data is obtained from the color change image data, and the color feature data and temperature data are standardized.

[0020] According to this scheme, the preprocessing includes image denoising, removing noise from the image; image correction, correcting image distortion and uneven illumination; and image segmentation, retaining only the image of the thermochromic film 2 region. Through color space conversion, the color information of the color change image of the thermochromic film 2 is converted into numerical color feature data. Preferably, the color change image of the thermochromic film 2 is converted into Lab color space, and the average value of the three Lab channels is calculated as the color feature data. Z-score standardization or Min-Max standardization is used to ensure that the color feature data and temperature data are on the same scale, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and model establishment.

[0021] In step S23, a corresponding relationship model is established through machine learning, which is used to input color feature data and output corresponding temperature data. According to this scheme, the trained color feature data and corresponding temperature data are collected, a multi-layer perceptron network is selected as a regression model, model training is performed, and the trained model is evaluated to obtain a corresponding relationship model between the color feature data of the thermochromic film 2 and the temperature data of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0022] In the preferred solution, in step S24, within the working temperature range of the photovoltaic panel 1, the thermochromic film 2 is a fixed color; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 exceeds or is lower than the working temperature range, the thermochromic film 2 on the photovoltaic panel 1 changes color to indicate that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 is abnormal. According to this solution, preferably, the working temperature range of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 25°C to 75°C. When the thermochromic film 2 is monitored to be yellow, that is, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 is within the working temperature range, it is determined to be a photovoltaic panel 1 with normal temperature; when the thermochromic film 2 is monitored to be green, that is, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 is lower than the working temperature range, it is determined to be a photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature; when the thermochromic film 2 is monitored to be red, that is, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 1 is higher than the working temperature range, it is determined to be a photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature.

[0023] In the preferred solution, in step S21, a camera 3 is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the camera 3 is used to photograph the thermochromic film 2 on the photovoltaic panel 1 in real time or periodically, and the camera 3 is used to obtain the color change image of the thermochromic film 2. With this solution, it is ensured that the camera 3 completely photographs the thermochromic film 2 on the photovoltaic panel 1. Preferably, a high-resolution camera 3 is used to capture a clearer image, which is conducive to color feature extraction; the camera 3 includes a wide-angle lens for covering a larger area, suitable for a large-area photovoltaic panel 1 array, or / and a telephoto lens for magnifying the image, suitable for long-distance shooting.

[0024] Embodiment 2: Further illustrate with reference to Example 1, Figures 1 to 5As shown, in the preferred embodiment, in step S21, the thermochromic film 2 on the photovoltaic panel 1 is photographed by using a drone, and the color change image of the thermochromic film 2 is obtained by planning the flight path of the drone according to the array information of the photovoltaic panel 1; The drone includes an infrared obstacle avoidance module and a visual obstacle avoidance module, and the drone can perform automatic flight and path planning through ground station software or a built-in navigation system of the drone.

[0025] According to this scheme, based on the array information of photovoltaic panels 1, including the coordinate position information of each photovoltaic panel 1, the length and width of each photovoltaic panel 1, the orientation angle of each photovoltaic panel 1 and the distance between photovoltaic panels 1. Use the ground station software or the built-in navigation system of the drone to plan the flight path of the drone, and use grid scanning to cover the entire array of photovoltaic panels 1. Turn on the infrared obstacle avoidance module and visual obstacle avoidance module of the drone, and identify obstacles by detecting the infrared radiation of obstacles and cameras to ensure the safe flight of the drone. Preferably, the drone is equipped with a high-resolution, high-frame-rate color camera or infrared camera.

[0026] Embodiment 3: Further illustrate with reference to Examples 1 and 2, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in the preferred embodiment, step S3 includes: S31, each photovoltaic panel 1 is set with a unique identification code, and respective geographic information is collected, and the unique identification code is associated with the geographic information to establish a relational database for subsequent query and fault location; S32, obtaining a unique identification code of the photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature, and obtaining coordinate position information of the photovoltaic panel 1 with the thermochromic film 2 that has undergone color change.

[0027] According to this scheme, for the photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature that has been identified in step S2, the unique identification code of the photovoltaic panel 1 can be obtained, and the unique identification code of the photovoltaic panel 1 with abnormal temperature can be queried using the established relational database to obtain the coordinate position information of the faulty photovoltaic panel 1, so as to provide it to maintenance personnel for rapid positioning and processing.

[0028] In the preferred solution, step S3 also includes: obtaining a three-dimensional photovoltaic panel 1 fault area image based on the geographic information and unique identification code of the faulty photovoltaic panel 1, which is used to evaluate the fault severity level. According to this solution, the coordinate position information of the faulty photovoltaic panel 1 is obtained from step S32, and the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic panel 1 is constructed using three-dimensional modeling software or programming library in combination with the array information of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the coordinate position information of the photovoltaic panel 1 is mapped into three-dimensional space, and the three-dimensional model of the faulty photovoltaic panel 1 is marked with different colors or shapes to distinguish between normal photovoltaic panels 1 and faulty photovoltaic panels 1. The fault severity level scoring basis includes the number of faulty photovoltaic panels 1, the area of ​​the fault area, the duration of the fault, the type of fault and the historical fault situation. The weighted summation of different scoring bases is performed to obtain the current fault severity level score, which helps to understand the fault distribution more intuitively, give priority to serious faults, and improve operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0029] Embodiment 4: Further illustrate with reference to Examples 1 to 3, Figure 4 and 5 As shown, in the preferred embodiment, at least one thermochromic film 2 is provided on the outer surface of each photovoltaic panel 1. The thermochromic film 2 is made of temperature-changing material and corresponds to the arrangement of the photovoltaic panel 1. With this structure, it is ensured that the color change of the thermochromic film 2 is obvious and easy to identify. Preferably, the thermochromic film 2 is covered on the photovoltaic panel 1 in the form of stripes, which is easy to manufacture and install, low in cost, and avoids affecting the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 1; or the thermochromic film 2 is covered on the photovoltaic panel 1 in the form of a grid, which has a larger coverage area and can more comprehensively reflect the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic panel 1. The coverage area of ​​the thermochromic film 2 corresponds to the arrangement of the cells of the photovoltaic panel 1 so as to more accurately reflect the temperature distribution of the cells.

[0030] In the preferred embodiment, the thermochromic film 2 is arranged on the front or back of the photovoltaic panel 1, and an elastic structure is provided between the thermochromic film 2 and the photovoltaic panel 1. With this structure, the elastic structure is indeed used to avoid affecting the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 1, and it is also convenient to install and replace the thermochromic film 2. Preferably, the elastic structure is a spring or an elastic buckle, and the edge of the thermochromic film 2 is fixed to the frame of the photovoltaic panel 1. Preferably, the thermochromic film 2 is arranged on the front side of the photovoltaic panel 1, that is, the light-exposed side, and the color change of the thermochromic film 2 can be directly photographed through the camera 3 or drone above; the thermochromic film 2 is arranged on the back side of the photovoltaic panel 1, that is, the back side of the light-exposed side, and the thermochromic film 2 will not block the light, will not affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 1, and is not easily affected by dust or rain environmental factors.

[0031] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly locating photovoltaic panel faults, characterized by: The method includes: S1. A thermochromic film (2) is provided on the photovoltaic panel (1), and the thermochromic film (2) changes color as the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (1) changes; S2, identifying the photovoltaic panel (1) with abnormal temperature according to the color change of the thermochromic film (2); S3, combining geographic information of the photovoltaic panel (1) array, analyzing and locating the faulty photovoltaic panel (1); The faulty photovoltaic panel (1) is located through the above steps.

2. According to the method of claim 1, the photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method is characterized by: step S2 includes: S21, during the operation of the photovoltaic panel (1), obtaining a color change image of the thermochromic film (2); S22, using image processing software to process the color change image and extract color feature data of the color change image; S23, establishing a corresponding relationship between the color characteristic data of the thermochromic film (2) and the temperature data of the photovoltaic panel (1); S24, setting the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel (1), and when the temperature data corresponding to the color characteristic data exceeds the operating temperature range, determining that the photovoltaic panel (1) has an abnormal temperature.

3. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S22, the color change image is preprocessed, color feature data is obtained from the color change image data, and the color feature data and temperature data are standardized; In step S23, a corresponding relationship model is established through machine learning to input color feature data and output corresponding temperature data.

4. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S24, within the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel (1), the thermochromic film (2) is a fixed color; when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (1) exceeds or falls below the operating temperature range, the thermochromic film (2) on the photovoltaic panel (1) changes color to indicate that the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (1) is abnormal.

5. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S21, a camera (3) is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel (1), and the camera (3) is used to photograph the thermochromic film (2) on the photovoltaic panel (1) in real time or periodically. The camera (3) is used to obtain a color change image of the thermochromic film (2).

6. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that: In step S21, a drone is used to photograph the thermochromic film (2) on the photovoltaic panel (1), and a flight path of the drone is planned according to array information of the photovoltaic panel (1) to obtain a color change image of the thermochromic film (2); The drone includes an infrared obstacle avoidance module and a visual obstacle avoidance module, and the drone can perform automatic flight and path planning through ground station software or a built-in navigation system of the drone.

7. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: S31, setting a unique identification code for each photovoltaic panel (1), collecting respective geographic information, and establishing a database of the relationship between the unique identification code and the geographic information; S32, obtaining a unique identification code of the photovoltaic panel (1) with abnormal temperature, and obtaining coordinate position information of the photovoltaic panel (1) with the thermochromic film (2) that has undergone color change.

8. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S3 also includes obtaining a three-dimensional photovoltaic panel (1) fault area image based on the geographic information and unique identification code of the faulty photovoltaic panel (1) for evaluating the fault severity level.

9. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: At least one thermochromic film (2) is provided on the outer surface of each photovoltaic panel (1); the thermochromic film (2) is made of a temperature-changing material and is arranged correspondingly to the photovoltaic panel (1).

10. A photovoltaic panel fault rapid location method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thermochromic film (2) is arranged on the front side or the back side of the photovoltaic panel (1), and an elastic structure is arranged between the thermochromic film (2) and the photovoltaic panel (1).

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