Fermented beet pulp, pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and particularly discloses a preparation method and application of fermented beet pulp and pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed. Mixing a bacterium solution of lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterium solution of saccharomycopsis fibuligera and a bacterium solution of bacillus subtilis according to a volume ratio of (1-3): (1-3): (1-3) to obtain a mixed bacterium solution; adding the mixed bacterial liquid into beet pulp powder to obtain a bacterial powder mixture; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10%-30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; adding water into the bacterial powder mixture, fermenting, and drying to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to the water is 1: (1-2). The nutrition utilization rate of beet pulp is increased, the feed cost is reduced, and high-quality feed is provided for pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and in particular to a method for preparing fermented beet pulp and yellow catfish feed and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of aquaculture, the demand for feed is increasing, while traditional feed raw materials such as fish meal and soybean meal are expensive, and their production and use put a certain amount of pressure on the environment. For example, overfishing of marine resources used to produce fish meal may lead to the destruction of marine ecosystems, while the production of soybean meal requires a large amount of arable land and water resources, increasing the risk of land degradation and water shortage. In this context, it is particularly important to find sustainable and economical alternative feed raw materials.

[0003] As a rich plant by-product, beet pulp is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and sugars, and has good nutritional value. Cellulose and hemicellulose are important carbohydrates that can provide energy, while sugars can serve as a quick energy source. In addition, beet pulp also contains certain proteins, minerals and vitamins, which are important nutrients for maintaining the health and growth of animals.

[0004] However, despite the good nutritional value of beet pulp, the degradation efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose in beet pulp prepared by existing methods is low in the animal digestive system, which not only affects the digestibility and absorption rate of feed, but also may cause indigestion and intestinal health problems, and low nutritional utilization. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new preparation method to improve the nutritional utilization of beet pulp. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing fermented beet pulp and yellow catfish feed and application thereof, so as to improve the nutritional utilization rate of beet pulp.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing fermented beet pulp comprises the following steps:

[0008] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis are mixed in a volume ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution.

[0009] The mixed bacterial liquid is added into the beet pulp powder to obtain a bacterial powder mixture; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% to 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder.

[0010] Water is added to the bacterial powder mixture, fermented, and dried to obtain fermented beet pulp; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1-2.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3:3.

[0012] Preferably, the concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis are all 10 8 CFU / mL and above.

[0013] Preferably, the particle size of the beet pulp powder is 50 mesh to 70 mesh.

[0014] Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 20°C to 40°C, and the fermentation time is 2 to 4 days.

[0015] Preferably, the drying temperature is 40°C to 55°C.

[0016] The fermented beet pulp preparation method obtains the fermented beet pulp powder.

[0017] The application of the fermented beet pulp in preparing yellow catfish feed.

[0018] A yellow catfish feed comprises the fermented beet pulp.

[0019] Preferably, the yellow catfish feed is formulated, by weight, to include 3 to 12 parts of fermented beet pulp, 29 to 31 parts of fish meal, 9.8 to 31 parts of soybean meal, 6.5 to 15.7 parts of isolated soy protein, 4 to 6 parts of corn gluten meal, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of sodium vitamin C phosphate, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of lutein, 4 to 6 parts of mixed oil, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix, 2 to 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 to 19 parts of flour.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The invention provides a preparation method of fermented beet pulp, which comprises the following steps: mixing a bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterial liquid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a bacterial liquid of Bacillus subtilis in a volume ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3 to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid; adding the mixed bacterial liquid to beet pulp powder to obtain a bacterial powder mixture; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10%-30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; adding water to the bacterial powder mixture, fermenting, and drying to obtain fermented beet pulp; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1-2. The invention ferments beet pulp by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis, and observes the fiber structure of unfermented beet pulp and fermented beet pulp by electron microscope scanning, respectively, and finds that the surface of the fiber cell of the unfermented beet pulp is intact and compact, the cell wall remains intact, and the cellulose and hemicellulose structures are not degraded. However, the surface of the fiber cell of the fermented beet pulp has obvious ruptures and damages, indicating that the fiber cell structure becomes loose and broken during the fermentation process, thereby effectively degrading cellulose and hemicellulose. The degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber NDF in fermented beet pulp was determined to be 6.42% to 9.8%, indicating that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the beet pulp were effectively degraded, effectively improving the nutritional utilization rate of the beet pulp. The crude protein CP content in the fermented beet pulp was determined, and the crude protein CP growth rate was 11.89% to 17.43%, making it a more suitable and efficient feed for yellow catfish, thereby promoting its growth. In addition, the present invention reduces dependence on expensive traditional feed raw materials by utilizing the beet pulp byproduct in the production process, thereby reducing overall feed costs. By using fermented beet pulp feed, waste and organic matter generated in the breeding process are reduced, water quality is improved, and breeding risks are reduced. Converting the byproduct beet pulp in the industry into high-value feed improves resource utilization efficiency and conforms to the concept of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a picture of the unfermented beet pulp of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a picture of beet pulp fermented with mixed bacteria in a ratio of 1:3:3 according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a fiber structure diagram of unfermented beet pulp obtained by electron microscope scanning;

[0026] Figure 4This is a scanning electron microscope picture after the mixed bacteria of the present invention were fermented in a ratio of 1:3:3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below, and preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] The inventive concept of the present invention is as follows:

[0030] As a rich plant by-product, beet pulp is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and sugars, and has good nutritional value. Cellulose and hemicellulose are important carbohydrates that can provide energy, while sugars can serve as a quick energy source. In addition, beet pulp also contains certain proteins, minerals and vitamins, which are important for maintaining the health and growth of animals. However, despite the good nutritional value of beet pulp, the degradation efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose in beet pulp is low in the animal digestive system, which not only affects the digestibility and absorption rate of feed, but also may cause indigestion and intestinal health problems, and low nutritional utilization. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new preparation method to improve the nutritional utilization of beet pulp.

[0031] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for preparing fermented beet pulp, which comprises the following steps: mixing the bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial liquid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial liquid of Bacillus subtilis in a volume ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3 to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid; adding the mixed bacterial liquid to beet pulp powder to obtain a bacterial powder mixture; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% to 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; adding water to the bacterial powder mixture, fermenting, and drying to obtain fermented beet pulp; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1-2. The present invention ferments beet pulp by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis, and observes the fiber structure of unfermented beet pulp and fermented beet pulp by electron microscope scanning, respectively, and finds that the fiber cell surface of unfermented beet pulp is intact and compact, the cell wall remains intact, and the cellulose and hemicellulose structures are not degraded. The fermented beet pulp fiber cells showed obvious ruptures and damage on their surfaces, indicating that the fermentation process loosened and fragmented the fiber cell structure, thereby effectively degrading cellulose and hemicellulose. The degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber NDF in fermented beet pulp was determined to be 6.42% to 9.8%, indicating that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the beet pulp were effectively degraded, effectively improving the nutritional utilization of the beet pulp. The crude protein CP content in the fermented beet pulp was also determined, and the crude protein CP growth rate was between 11.89% and 17.43%, making it a more efficient feed for yellow catfish, thereby promoting its growth.

[0032] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a yellow catfish feed, including the fermented beet pulp. The feed has high nutritional utilization rate, can promote the growth of yellow catfish, and utilizes the byproduct beet pulp in the production process to reduce dependence on expensive traditional feed raw materials, thereby reducing overall feed costs. By using fermented beet pulp feed, waste and organic matter generated in the breeding process are reduced, water quality is improved, and breeding risks are reduced. Converting the byproduct beet pulp in the industry into high-value feed improves resource utilization efficiency, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0035] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 50 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 20°C for 2 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 2.5×108 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.

[0036] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all collected and stored in the Fisheries Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; unfermented beet pulp such as Figure 1 As shown, beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., in which the mass proportions of various nutrients are as follows: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0037] Example 2: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0038] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:2:2 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 50 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 30°C for 2 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 2.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.

[0039] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0040] Example 3: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0041] The bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial liquid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial liquid of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3:3 to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid, and the mixed bacterial liquid was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 60 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 40°C for 2 days, stirring and dissolving oxygen every 8 hours, and drying at 40°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. Figure 2 The concentrations of the bacterial solutions of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all 2.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.

[0042] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0043] Example 4: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0044] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:3 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 60 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 20°C for 3 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 50°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 2.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 20% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.5.

[0045] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0046] Example 5: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0047] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 60 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 30°C for 3 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 50°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 3.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 20% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.5.

[0048] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0049] Example 6: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0050] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:3:2 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 70 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 40°C for 3 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 50°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 3.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 20% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1.5.

[0051] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0052] Example 7: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0053] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:1:2 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 70 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 20°C for 4 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 55°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 3.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:2.

[0054] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0055] Example 8: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0056] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:2:3 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 70 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 30°C for 4 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 55°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 3.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:2.

[0057] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0058] Example 9: A method for preparing fermented beet pulp

[0059] The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:3:1 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution, and the mixed bacterial solution was added to beet pulp powder with a particle size of 70 meshes to obtain a bacterial powder mixture, and water was added to the bacterial powder mixture, and fermented at 40°C for 4 days, stirred and dissolved oxygenated once every 8 hours, and dried at 55°C to constant weight to obtain fermented beet pulp. The concentrations of the bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis were all 3.5×10 8 CFU / mL; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:2.

[0060] Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all preserved and screened from the Aquatic Laboratory of Wuhan University of Technology; beet pulp powder was purchased from Ruijun Baoding Feed Co., Ltd., and the mass proportion of each nutrient was: crude protein 7.88%, crude fiber: 19.24%, neutral detergent fiber: 46.47%, and acid detergent fiber: 24.15%.

[0061] Lactobacillus plantarum was disclosed in “Duqin Z, Bin T, Yuhong Z, et al. Improved nutritional and antioxidant properties of hulless barley following solid-state fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum [J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2021, 46 (2):”

[0062] The capsule-coated yeast was disclosed in "Xiaoye L, Liu W, Huang W, et al. Co-culturing of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei to improve the bioactive components and flavor characteristics of Dendrobium officinale [J]. Food Bioscience, 2024, 59103736-."

[0063] Bacillus subtilis was disclosed in "Ruiping X, Tie T, Bing H, et al. Effect of solid-state fermentation with Bacillus pumilus on the nutritional value, anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of ababean (Vicia faba L.) meal[J]. LWT, 2023, 185"

[0064] Experimental Example 1

[0065] The fiber structures of the unfermented beet pulp and the fermented beet pulp prepared in Example 3 were observed by electron microscopy scanning. Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0066] Figure 3 The electron microscope scanning fiber structure of unfermented beet pulp is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the fiber cell surface is intact and the structure is compact, indicating that the unfermented beet pulp retains its original cell wall structure. This shows that without fermentation, the fiber cell wall in the beet pulp remains intact and the cellulose and hemicellulose structures are not degraded. Figure 4 The fiber structure of fermented beet pulp is shown by electron microscope scanning. It can be clearly observed from the figure that there are obvious ruptures and damages on the surface of the fiber cells. The rupture of the fiber cell wall indicates that the fiber cell structure becomes loose and broken during the fermentation process, thereby effectively degrading cellulose and hemicellulose. This result shows that the fermentation preparation process of the present invention may effectively rupture the fiber cells, thereby achieving the purpose of degrading cellulose. Through fermentation treatment, the cellulose and hemicellulose in the beet pulp are partially degraded, which not only improves the nutritional value of the beet pulp, but also enhances its digestibility and utilization in animal feed.

[0067] Experimental Example 2

[0068] Crude protein CP is an important indicator in feed and food analysis, used to evaluate the protein content in samples. Crude protein can promote the growth and development of animals and improve production performance. Too low crude protein content may lead to animal malnutrition, affecting their health and production performance. Neutral detergent fiber NDF is an indicator used to determine the fiber content in plant feeds. It is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Feeds with high neutral detergent fiber content usually have low digestibility because cellulose and hemicellulose are more difficult for animals to digest. NDF content can be used as an important indicator to evaluate feed digestibility.

[0069] Therefore, the present invention analyzes the crude protein growth rate, neutral detergent fiber degradation rate and comprehensive fermentation effect of the fermented beet pulp prepared in Examples 1 to 9, i.e., Comprehensive D, and the results are shown in Table 1. Crude protein growth rate (%) = (fermented sample crude protein content - original sample crude protein content) / original sample crude protein content. Neutral detergent fiber degradation rate (%) = (unfermented sample neutral detergent fiber - fermented sample neutral detergent fiber) / unfermented sample neutral detergent fiber. Comprehensive D = 0.5 × neutral detergent fiber degradation rate + 0.5 × crude protein growth rate.

[0070] Table 1 Analysis of the range of comprehensive fermentation effects

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Note: “ / ” means there is no such item.

[0074] As can be seen from Table 1, the crude protein CP content in the fermented beet pulp prepared in Examples 1 to 9 has increased, and the crude protein CP growth rate is 11.89% to 17.43%; the neutral detergent fiber NDF degradation rate is 6.42% to 9.8%. The comprehensive fermentation effect is 9.16% to 15.67%. Among them, the comprehensive fermentation effect of Example 3, that is, when the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3:3, is the best, which is 15.67%. It shows that the fermented beet pulp prepared by the preparation method of the present invention improves the nutritional utilization of beet pulp and is conducive to animal digestion and absorption.

[0075] Example 10: A yellow catfish feed

[0076] The yellow catfish feed formula consists of the following raw materials by weight: 3g fermented beet pulp, 29g fish meal, 9.8g soybean meal, 6.5g soy protein isolate, 4g corn gluten meal, 0.3g choline chloride, 0.1g sodium vitamin C phosphate, 0.3g lutein, 4g mixed oil, 0.5g premix, 2g calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 17g flour.

[0077] Example 11: A yellow catfish feed

[0078] The yellow catfish feed formula consists of the following raw materials by weight: 9g fermented beet pulp, 30g fish meal, 15g soybean meal, 10g soy protein isolate, 5g corn protein meal, 0.4g choline chloride, 0.2g sodium vitamin C phosphate, 0.4g lutein, 5g mixed oil, 1g premix, 2.5g monocalcium phosphate and 18g flour.

[0079] Example 12: A yellow catfish feed

[0080] The yellow catfish feed formula is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 12g fermented beet pulp, 31g fish meal, 31g soybean meal, 15.7g soy protein isolate, 4-6g corn protein powder, 0.5g choline chloride, 0.3g sodium vitamin C phosphate, 0.5g lutein, 6g mixed oil, 1.5g premix, 3g monocalcium phosphate and 19g flour.

[0081] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0082] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fermented beet pulp, characterized in that: The steps include: The bacterial solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, the bacterial solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis are mixed in a volume ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; Adding the mixed bacterial liquid to the beet pulp powder to obtain a bacterial powder mixture; the volume of the mixed bacterial liquid accounts for 10% to 30% of the volume of the beet pulp powder; Water is added to the bacterial powder mixture, fermented, and dried to obtain fermented beet pulp; the mass volume ratio of the bacterial powder mixture to water is 1:1-2.

2. The method for preparing fermented beet pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis is 1:3:

3.

3. The method for preparing fermented beet pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were all 10 8 CFU / mL and above.

4. The method for preparing fermented beet pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the beet pulp powder is 50-70 meshes.

5. The method for preparing fermented beet pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature is 20° C. to 40° C., and the fermentation time is 2 to 4 days.

6. The method for preparing fermented beet pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature is 40°C to 55°C.

7. Fermented beet pulp powder prepared by the method for preparing fermented beet pulp as claimed in claim 1.

8. Use of the fermented beet pulp as claimed in claims 1 to 7 in preparing yellow catfish feed.

9. A yellow catfish feed, characterized in that: The yellow catfish feed comprises the fermented beet pulp according to claim 5.

10. The yellow catfish feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: The yellow catfish feed is formulated, by weight, to include 3 to 12 parts of fermented beet pulp, 29 to 31 parts of fish meal, 9.8 to 31 parts of soybean meal, 6.5 to 15.7 parts of isolated soy protein, 4 to 6 parts of corn protein powder, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of sodium vitamin C phosphate, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of lutein, 4 to 6 parts of mixed oil, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix, 2 to 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 17 to 19 parts of flour.

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