Restoration materials and applications for paper murals, and methods for restoring paper murals.

Abstract

This invention discloses a restoration material and its application for paper murals, as well as a restoration method for paper murals, relating to the field of cultural relic restoration technology. It includes a consolidating agent and a penetrating softening agent, with the consolidating agent concentration being 3-6 wt.%. The consolidating agent comprises acrylic emulsion, and the penetrating softening agent comprises 1-4% ethanol. By using acrylic emulsion as the consolidating agent, combined with a low concentration of ethanol for penetrating softening, the paper mural can be softened and consolidated simultaneously, reducing restoration steps and difficulty, while avoiding secondary damage during the restoration process. Furthermore, by selecting acrylic emulsion as the restoration material for paper murals and controlling the concentration of the consolidating agent, the restoration material becomes colorless and transparent after drying, and the restored surface has no glare, exhibiting excellent restoration results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultural relic restoration technology, and more specifically, to a restoration material and its application for paper murals, and a method for restoring paper murals. Background Technology

[0002] Murals are a form of cultural relic, mostly painted on walls, stone walls, and other similar surfaces. Typically, a ground layer is first created on the wall or stone surface, and then, depending on the technique, the mural layer is painted on top. For example, temple and monastery murals often have a white lime base layer applied to a clay ground layer, upon which natural mineral pigments mixed with binding materials are used to paint the mural. Qing Dynasty paper murals, as a form of cultural relic, have unique materials and techniques, making them extremely rare worldwide. The layering of paper murals can be roughly divided into three layers: the ancient building surface, the ground layer, and the paper mural layer. The ancient building carrier is the blue brick wall at the bottom of the paper mural; the ground layer is mainly composed of the traditional single-layer ash ground layer of ancient buildings. Since the single-layer ash ground layer is made of a mixture of oil, brick ash and other materials, and does not contain hemp cloth, hemp fibers and other reinforcing materials, the layer relationship of the ground layer is relatively obvious. From the bottom layer to the top layer, it is composed of joint ash, through ash and fine ash; the paper mural layer consists of two layers of hemp paper, a white powder layer and a pigment layer from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0003] Due to the material characteristics of the ground layer of paper murals (single-layer gray ground layer), paper murals are prone to large-scale cracking, peeling, deformation, and flaking in cold and dry northern regions. When the ground layer develops these problems, the paper layer on its surface will also deform along with the ground layer. Moreover, due to the significant material difference between the paper layer and the ground layer, the deformation of the ground layer can even lead to secondary deformation of the paper layer on top of the deformation of the ground layer, causing a continuous impact on the preservation of the cultural relic in its original location.

[0004] Existing methods for repairing the putty layer of ancient buildings primarily target cracked or peeling putty layers. Specifically, hot steam is used to soften the peeling or deformed layer, followed by reinforcing materials to reattach and reinforce the softened areas. However, because paper murals lack the reinforcing and connecting materials like hemp fibers or cloth in their putty layer, and the surface is covered with paper, steam fumigation can easily cause secondary damage and detachment, making it unsuitable for this type of artifact. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a suitable repair material and process for paper murals with putty layers to address the problems of cracking, peeling, deformation, and detachment. Furthermore, existing methods for repairing cracked or peeling putty layers often use oil-based adhesives to bond the putty layer to the surface of the ancient building. However, oil-based adhesives are extremely difficult to clean once they seep into the paper or paint surface, causing irreversible damage to the paper mural.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a material for the restoration of paper murals and its application, as well as a method for the restoration of paper murals.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a restoration material for paper murals, comprising a reinforcing agent and a penetrating softener, wherein the concentration of the reinforcing agent is 3-6 wt.%.

[0009] The reinforcing agent includes acrylic emulsion, and the penetrating softener includes 1-4% ethanol.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the reinforcing agent is an acrylic emulsion with a concentration of 3 wt.%, and the penetrating softener is 2% ethanol.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for repairing paper murals, comprising covering the area to be repaired with a wet-applied carrier material loaded with the repair material as described in the aforementioned embodiments, penetrating, softening and reinforcing the area to be repaired, and then using a re-applying tool to re-apply and reinforce the area to be repaired.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the penetration and softening time is ≥90s.

[0013] Preferably, the penetration and softening time is 90–180 seconds.

[0014] In an alternative implementation, the repair material is impregnated on the wet-applied support material without dripping.

[0015] The wet dressing support material includes any one of degreased cotton, non-woven fabric, or washed fiber.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the process of permeation softening further includes covering the surface of the wet-applied carrier material with an isolation material, the isolation material including at least one of PVC film, PE film, PVDC film, PP film or silicone film.

[0017] In an optional implementation, the re-attachment reinforcement includes applying pressure to the area to be repaired using a re-attachment tool, and re-attaching at least once.

[0018] In an optional implementation, the re-application is performed three times. The first re-application involves covering the surface of the area to be repaired with a non-adhesive material and then applying pressure to the area to be repaired using a wood press. The second re-application involves applying back pressure to the area to be repaired using a re-application reinforcement pad. The third re-application involves applying back pressure to the area to be repaired using a support device.

[0019] Preferably, the non-adhesive material includes either glossy fiber paper or lens paper.

[0020] In an optional implementation, before the third reapply, the repair material that may have seeped out around the area to be repaired is cleaned up.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the repair material as described in the foregoing embodiments in mural restoration.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a restoration material and its application for paper murals, as well as a restoration method for paper murals. By using acrylic emulsion as a reinforcing agent and combining it with a low concentration of ethanol for penetration, softening, and reinforcement, the paper mural can be softened and reinforced simultaneously, reducing restoration steps and difficulty, while avoiding secondary damage during the restoration process. Furthermore, by selecting acrylic emulsion as the restoration material and controlling the concentration of the reinforcing agent, the restoration material becomes colorless and transparent after drying, and the restored surface has no glare, resulting in excellent restoration effects. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a step diagram of the paper mural restoration method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Before and after the restoration of the Qing Dynasty paper mural in the Yongyou Temple Relic Pagoda of Chengde Mountain Resort using the paper mural restoration method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Before and after the restoration of the Qing Dynasty paper mural in the Yongyou Temple Relic Pagoda of Chengde Mountain Resort using the paper mural restoration method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Before and after the restoration of the Qing Dynasty paper mural in the Yongyou Temple Relic Pagoda of Chengde Mountain Resort using the paper mural restoration method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The image shows ultrasonic testing cloud maps of the paper mural before and after restoration. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0031] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0032] Paper murals are an art form from the Qing Dynasty, now mostly found in Beijing, Hebei and other regions. As a royal art form, they are relatively rare and therefore have high artistic value. They are of profound significance for people to study and understand the history, culture, science and technology and art level of that time.

[0033] Based on their layering relationships, paper murals consist of three layers: the ancient building carrier, the ground layer, and the paper mural layer. The ancient building carrier is the blue brick wall at the bottom of the paper mural. The ground layer is mainly composed of a single layer of ash and putty. The paper mural layer includes the paper layer connected to the ground layer, as well as a white powder layer and a pigment layer on the surface of the paper layer. Because the single layer of ash and putty differs from common adobe or mud-based ground layers, its raw materials do not contain hemp cloth or hemp fibers as reinforcement. Therefore, once deformation occurs, such as cracking, warping, or even detachment, the lack of reinforcement makes it more likely to fall off, and the damage is more severe than with common earthen ash or ash-containing putty ground layers.

[0034] Meanwhile, deformation defects in paper murals almost coexist in the ground layer, paper layer, and pigment layer. Where the ground layer is cracked, it is almost always accompanied by localized peeling and flaking. Furthermore, the occurrence of ground layer defects is often closely related to paper layer defects; for example, cracking, peeling, and deformation of the ground layer directly lead to cracking, peeling, and flaking of the paper layer, which in turn leads to cracking and flaking of the pigment layer.

[0035] Existing methods for repairing cracked and peeling putty layers in ancient buildings mainly involve softening the putty layer with hot steam, then applying a full coat of putty to the bottom of the layer and reinforcing it. However, because the putty layer for paper murals is a single-layer material without any added hemp fibers or cloth, lacking structural support, the peeling joints are quite fragile. Steam fumigation can easily cause the paper mural to detach. Furthermore, the putty is an oil-based material, often colored, which can easily contaminate the paper mural during the bonding process, potentially leading to secondary damage during the repair. Therefore, the inventor proposes the following solution.

[0036] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a restoration material for paper murals, comprising a reinforcing agent and a penetrating softener, wherein the concentration of the reinforcing agent is 3-6 wt.%.

[0037] The reinforcing agent includes acrylic emulsion, and the penetrating softener includes 1-4% ethanol.

[0038] By using acrylic emulsion as a reinforcing agent, a milky-white, water-soluble material, combined with a low concentration of ethanol, the resulting repair material has a reinforcing agent concentration of 3–6 wt.%, making the entire repair material water-soluble, colorless, and transparent. The repaired surface has no glare and exhibits excellent repair results. Simultaneously, the ethanol and acrylic emulsion formulation can soften and reinforce the paper mural at the same time, reducing repair steps and difficulty, while avoiding secondary damage during the repair process.

[0039] In addition, the consolidating agent made from acrylic emulsion has good aging resistance, compatibility and adhesion. The repaired area can remain stable for a long time, which is conducive to the long-term protection of cultural relics.

[0040] The single coat of gray ground layer for paper murals is a relatively hard oil-based ground layer. By adding an ethanol solution of 1-4% ethanol to modify the acrylic emulsion, it is beneficial to open up the capillaries between the layers of the paper mural, enhance the softening and penetration effect of the repair material on the ground layer material, shorten the softening time, and improve the repair efficiency.

[0041] In some embodiments, the concentration of the reinforcing agent may be any value or a range between any two of the following: 3 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 5.5 wt.%, or 6 wt.%.

[0042] In some implementations, the concentration of ethanol may be any value of 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4%, or a range between any two values.

[0043] Preferably, the ethanol of the above concentration can be obtained by diluting anhydrous ethanol with deionized water.

[0044] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for repairing paper murals, comprising covering the area to be repaired with a wet-applied carrier material loaded with the repair material as described in the aforementioned embodiments, softening and penetrating the area to be repaired, and then using a re-applying tool to re-apply the material to the area to be repaired.

[0045] By using a wet-laying load-bearing material to support the repair material, the area to be repaired can be soaked for a long time. The repair material can fully penetrate into the interior of the material to be repaired, softening it. At the same time, the reinforcing agent also fully penetrates into the interior of the material to be repaired during the softening process. Therefore, after penetration and softening, the repair area can be directly reattached using a re-attachment tool. The reinforcing agent in the repair material ensures a stable bond between the material to be repaired and its underlying ground layer and / or the ancient building carrier.

[0046] Meanwhile, since the reinforcing agent penetrates from the surface of the area to be repaired inwards, when multiple layers of defects appear simultaneously in the area to be repaired, such as cracking, warping, and deformation starting from the ground layer, resulting in defects in the paper layer and pigment layer on the surface of the ground layer, the reinforcing agent can improve the tightness of the connection between each layer during the penetration and softening process, achieving rapid repair of multiple layers of defects, ensuring tight connection between layers, and improving the durability of the interlayer connection.

[0047] In an optional implementation, the penetration and softening time is ≥90s.

[0048] Preferably, the penetration and softening time is 90–180 seconds.

[0049] By controlling the penetration and softening time within the above range, it is possible to ensure that the softening degree of the area to be repaired is appropriate, avoiding incomplete softening that could lead to cracking during the back pressure process, and also avoiding excessive softening that could reduce the adhesion between the area to be repaired and the material underneath.

[0050] In an alternative implementation, to avoid the repair material affecting the surrounding undamaged areas of the paper mural, the repair material is soaked into the wet-applied support material without dripping.

[0051] The wet dressing support material can be any of the following: degreased cotton, non-woven fabric, or washed fiber. The choice of wet dressing support material is only necessary if it can support the restoration material without damaging the paper mural itself.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, in order to prevent the repair material from drying rapidly in the air and affecting the penetration and softening effect, the process of penetration and softening also includes covering the surface of the wet-applied carrier material with an isolation material, which includes at least one of PVC film, PE film, PVDC film, PP film or silicone film.

[0053] Preferably, to facilitate the acquisition of the separating material, the separating material can be a cling film made from the above-mentioned raw materials, such as a cling film made of PE material, PVC material, or silicone material. In other embodiments, the separating material can also be a film material for other purposes, but it includes raw materials of at least one of the above-mentioned films.

[0054] In an optional implementation, the re-attachment reinforcement includes applying pressure to the area to be repaired using a re-attachment tool, and re-attaching at least once.

[0055] Since the area where the paper mural is located is not completely flat, some areas may have unevenness. In order to ensure the re-pasting effect of the area to be repaired, in the optional implementation method, the re-pasting is performed three times.

[0056] The first re-application involves covering the surface of the area to be repaired with a non-adhesive material, and then applying pressure to the area to be repaired using a wood press knife.

[0057] The non-adhesive material includes either glossy fiber paper or lens paper. This non-adhesive material effectively isolates the wood press knife from the area to be repaired, preventing the repair material from adhering to the surface of the wood press knife after contact, thus avoiding damage to the paper mural.

[0058] At the same time, non-adhesive materials can also remove excess repair material from the surface of the area to be repaired. Therefore, when pressing with a wooden press knife, the non-adhesive material needs to be replaced in time to avoid the gradual accumulation of repair material on the surface of the non-adhesive material, which would cause the non-adhesive material to stick to the material in the area to be repaired and damage the paper mural.

[0059] By using non-adhesive materials and a wood presser for the first re-attachment, the softened and reinforced material in the area to be repaired can be adhered inwards to the material at the bottom. At the same time, the wood presser can apply targeted pressure to different areas to ensure that the material in the area to be repaired is initially evenly attached, and there will be no situation where the material in the area to be repaired cannot be attached due to unevenness in some areas.

[0060] The second re-application involves using a re-application reinforcement roll to press back the area to be repaired. After the first re-application, the material in the area to be repaired almost completely adheres to the material on its bottom. Then, by using the re-application reinforcement roll, the material in the area to be repaired can be pressed inward and firmly adhered, ensuring the initial fixed connection between the area to be repaired and its bottom.

[0061] The third re-application involves using a support device to apply pressure to the area to be repaired; the support device applies pressure to the area to be repaired after the second re-application until the material in the area to be repaired is completely dry and cured, in order to ensure the repair effect and prevent the material in the area to be repaired from deforming during the drying and curing process.

[0062] In an optional implementation, prior to the third reapply, the work includes cleaning up any seepage of repair material around the area to be repaired to remove excess repair material.

[0063] Preferably, cleaning can be done with cotton swabs or cotton sticks. The cleaning process should be gentle to avoid damaging the paper mural.

[0064] In an optional implementation, in order to ensure the overall repair effect, before the paper mural is softened, reattached and reinforced, the area to be repaired of the paper mural is cleaned of impurities to avoid impurities on or around its surface from affecting the repair process.

[0065] Preferably, impurities can be removed using materials such as a bulb syringe, a soft-bristled brush, or a cleaning rod to clean the area to be repaired. For example, a bulb syringe can be used to remove dust, but the blowing force of the bulb syringe should not be too great to avoid damaging the paper mural. Therefore, dust that cannot be removed by the bulb syringe can be gently swept away with a soft-bristled brush.

[0066] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the repair material as described in the foregoing embodiments in mural restoration.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] This embodiment provides a restoration material for paper murals, including a reinforcing agent and a penetrating softening agent.

[0069] The reinforcing agent is acrylic emulsion, and the penetrating softener is 2% ethanol. The acrylic emulsion is diluted with 2% ethanol to a concentration of 3 wt.%, thus obtaining a restoration material for paper murals.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for restoring paper murals, including the following steps:

[0072] S01, Impurity Cleaning

[0073] Use a bulb syringe and a soft-bristled brush to remove dust and debris from the bottom of the cracked and peeling paper mural. Use a cleaning rod to remove particles between the layers of the paper mural. This step should be done with extreme care. When pressing the bulb syringe, the pressure should not be too great; the airflow should be slow and even, blowing out from the inside. When using the brush, a soft-bristled brush should be selected. Do not press the entire brush onto the surface of the paper mural; use only the tip of the brush and clean slowly and evenly at a 45° angle. Do not rub excessively.

[0074] S02, Penetration Softening and Reinforcement

[0075] Cut the absorbent cotton into equal sizes and thicknesses, and gently apply it to the cracked or peeling areas of the paper mural. Use a special drip applicator for reinforcement materials to drip the repair material provided in Example 1 onto the absorbent cotton. The absorbent cotton should be completely soaked with the repair material, but there should be no dripping of the repair material.

[0076] After the repair material is fully saturated, cover the surface of the cotton wool with plastic wrap to tightly wrap the softened and reinforced area. The softening repair material will evaporate rapidly upon exposure to air, affecting the penetration, softening, and reinforcement effects. After 90 seconds, remove the plastic wrap and cotton wool.

[0077] S03, Reply

[0078] The re-application process involves three re-applications. The first re-application uses glossy fiber paper. The smooth side of the paper is gently applied to the surface of the softened and reinforced area. A wooden presser is used to gently press the paper surface, applying even pressure horizontally from the upper left to the lower right. The pressure should not be too great, as excessive force will leave indentations on the surface and affect the repair effect. The fiber paper should be changed frequently during re-application, and the same paper should not be used repeatedly for pressing.

[0079] After the first re-application, use the re-application reinforcement pad to re-application the softened and reinforced area a second time. The back pressure of the re-application reinforcement pad can make the adhesion between the layers of the paper mural tighter.

[0080] After the second re-application, to prevent residual repair material or glare from appearing on the surface of the softened and reinforced area, use a cotton swab to clean the area around the softened and reinforced paper mural. Do not apply excessive force during the cleaning process to avoid increasing physical friction between the cotton swab and the paper mural.

[0081] After cleaning, a third re-application is performed. This third re-application uses a special support plate and support frame to support, position, and correct the softened reinforcement area until the repair material is completely dry, cured, and set. Then, the special support plate and support frame are removed, completing the repair process.

[0082] The restoration method of this embodiment was applied to the restoration of the Qing Dynasty paper murals on the stupa of Yongyou Temple in Chengde Mountain Resort, and the results were as follows: Figures 2-4 The results shown are from Figures 2-4 It is known that the method provided in this embodiment is applicable to the restoration of paper murals. The pigment layer, paper layer and ground layer of the restored paper mural can be effectively bonded to the carrier of each layer. The original cracked, peeling and deformed parts are restored to flatness and are firmly bonded. No glare or discoloration appears on the surface of the restored paper mural.

[0083] right Figure 4 The paper mural shown was subjected to ultrasonic testing both before and after restoration. Sound wave transmission data was measured at 12 identical points, yielding the following results: Figure 5 The results shown are from Figure 5It can be seen that before restoration, the acoustic wave transmission velocity of the paper murals in the test area was 370m / s to 550m / s, with an average of 450m / s. The acoustic wave cloud map shows that most of the murals were in the low acoustic wave transmission velocity range, indicating that cracking and peeling of the paper murals had a serious impact on their stability. After restoration, the acoustic wave transmission velocity of the paper murals in the test area was 520m / s to 900m / s, with an average of 746m / s. The acoustic wave cloud map shows that the acoustic wave transmission velocity of most of the paper murals was significantly improved compared to before the test, indicating that the cracking and peeling of the paper murals, which affected the stability of the murals, were effectively treated, and the overall stability of the paper murals was further enhanced. This further confirms the practicality, adaptability, safety, compatibility, and reliability of the protection and restoration technology route of this scheme.

[0084] Meanwhile, the solution has been successfully applied to the protection and restoration project of the paper murals of the Yongyou Temple Relic Pagoda in Chengde Mountain Resort. After three years of natural testing, the restored area showed no changes in shape or color, indicating that the protection and restoration materials involved in the solution have good weather resistance and the technology is mature.

[0085] The paper mural restoration material and its application, as well as the paper mural restoration method provided in this invention, have at least the following advantages:

[0086] 1. Simple operation and reduced repair difficulty. Compared with existing steam fumigation methods, the repair method provided in this embodiment of the invention does not require strict control of the steam fumigation direction and steam flow rate, making the operation simpler, reducing uncertainties in the repair process, increasing the probability of maintaining the integrity of the paper mural repair, and reducing the probability of secondary damage during the paper mural repair process.

[0087] 2. It enables non-destructive repair of paper murals. The repair material provided in this embodiment of the invention is colorless and transparent after drying, and the reinforcing agent has good water solubility, so it will not cause secondary pollution to the paper mural. At the same time, the repair material has good wetting and penetration properties, as well as good reinforcing ability. Combined with the method provided in this embodiment of the invention, it can achieve multi-layer and multi-material penetration, softening and reinforcement of paper murals in one step, reducing the operation steps in the repair process and facilitating non-destructive repair of paper murals.

[0088] 3. Improve the efficiency of paper mural restoration. Traditional steam fumigation methods often require lengthy fumigation times and struggle to control the water absorption of the area to be restored during the process. To prevent over-fumigation and further water absorption, multiple checks are necessary, making the restoration process cumbersome and prone to causing secondary damage to the paper mural. Furthermore, reinforcing materials need to be applied after steam fumigation, resulting in low restoration efficiency. The method provided in this invention can simultaneously perform softening and reinforcing steps, improving restoration efficiency. Moreover, during the softening and reinforcing process, degreased cotton and plastic wrap are used for protection, preventing secondary damage to the paper mural even when checking its softening status.

[0089] In summary, the paper mural restoration material and its application, as well as the paper mural restoration method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, can improve the restoration efficiency, reduce the restoration difficulty, and improve the restoration quality of paper murals while ensuring the principle of minimal intervention to cultural relics, and have good utilization value.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring paper murals, characterized in that, The process includes covering the area to be repaired with a wet dressing material loaded with repair material, penetrating and softening the area to be repaired to reinforce it, and then applying pressure to the area to be repaired using a re-application tool to perform re-application reinforcement. The re-application is performed three times. The first re-application involves covering the surface of the area to be repaired with a non-adhesive material and then applying pressure to the area using a wood press knife. The second re-application involves applying back pressure to the area to be repaired using a re-application reinforcement pad. The third re-application involves applying back pressure to the area to be repaired using a support device. The repair material includes a reinforcing agent and a penetrating softening agent; the reinforcing agent is an acrylic emulsion, and the penetrating softening agent is 1-4% ethanol; the preparation method of the repair material is as follows: the acrylic emulsion is diluted with 1-4% ethanol to make the concentration of the acrylic emulsion 3-6 wt%; The wet dressing support material includes degreased cotton or non-woven fabric.

2. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the reinforcing agent is 3 wt%, and the penetrating softener is 2% ethanol.

3. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The penetration and softening time is ≥90s.

4. The repair method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The penetration and softening time is 90~180s.

5. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair material is impregnated on the wet dressing support material without dripping.

6. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of permeation and softening also includes covering the surface of the wet dressing support material with an isolation material, the isolation material including at least one of PVC film, PE film, PVDC film or PP film.

7. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-adhesive material includes either glossy fiber paper or lens paper.

8. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the third post, the repair material that has seeped out around the area to be repaired is also cleaned up.

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