A thermal drilling tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities

Abstract

This invention discloses a thermal fusion drilling tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities, belonging to the field of ice layer thermal fusion detection technology. It includes a thermal fusion drill bit, a front-end crawling mechanism, a scientific detection chamber, a deflection mechanism, a rear-end crawling mechanism, and an end-effector. The front-end crawling mechanism drives the thermal fusion drill bit to rotate, preventing impurity particles from accumulating at the bottom of the hole and improving drilling efficiency. One end of the scientific detection chamber is connected to the front-end crawling mechanism, and the other end is connected to the deflection mechanism. It houses corresponding scientific detection devices for sampling and data acquisition. The deflection mechanism is used for the swaying between the various mechanisms of the thermal fusion drill bit. The rear-end crawling mechanism allows the drill bit to crawl on large rocks and ice surfaces, increasing the spatial freedom of the drill bit. This invention enables both thermal fusion drilling and rotary drilling. The deflection mechanism and the rear-end crawling mechanism work together to allow the thermal fusion drill bit to drill under various geological conditions, improving the drill bit's flexibility and reliability, and achieving the goal of deep-depth exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ice layer thermal melting detection technology, specifically, it relates to a thermal melting drill tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing interest in water resources in the universe, detecting water ice resources in extraterrestrial bodies has become an important area of ​​planetary science research. Currently, water ice resources have been detected in several extraterrestrial bodies, such as Mars, Europa, and Titan. The presence of water ice on these bodies is of great significance for human exploration of the universe and the search for extraterrestrial life. In geological exploration of icy environments, heating the drill bit at the front end of the probe is an effective way to quickly drill into the ice layer. However, the geological conditions of icy environments on extraterrestrial bodies are more complex than those on Earth. The ice layer may contain a large number of impurity particles or rocks, which can seriously affect drilling efficiency and mission success rate. Moreover, most current thermal melting detection devices are linear drilling devices, meaning the drill bit can only perform thermal melting drilling along a straight line, which cannot meet the requirements for detecting impurity-containing ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal melting detection device suitable for impurity-containing environments beneath the ice of extraterrestrial bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal drilling tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities, so as to solve the technical problems of low thermal drilling efficiency and inability to penetrate rocks in the existing technology when the ice layer contains impurities.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, comprising a thermal fusion drill bit, a front-end crawling mechanism, a scientific exploration cavity, a deflection mechanism, a rear-end crawling mechanism, and an end mechanism.

[0005] The front-end crawling mechanism is installed on the non-working end of the fusion drill bit and the two are arranged coaxially. The front-end crawling mechanism is used to drive the fusion drill bit to complete crawling and rotation.

[0006] Specifically, the front-end crawling mechanism includes a first crawling component, an internal gear set, a drive shaft, a transmission gear set, a first motor, a first motor housing, a first motor base, a first connecting component, and a first fixing ring. The first crawling component is cylindrical in shape and has several spiral strips on its outer surface. For ease of description, the spiral strips on the first crawling component are referred to as crawling component spiral strips. The first crawling component is fixedly installed on the non-working end of the fusion drill bit, and the two are coaxially arranged. The first crawling component drives the fusion drill bit to move synchronously with it. When the first crawling component rotates, the fusion drill bit also rotates. When the first crawling component rotates on the ice or rock surface, it will be subjected to forward or backward frictional forces, which can make the first crawling component and the fusion drill bit move forward or backward simultaneously. The internal gear set includes a driving pinion and a driven large gear, with the driven large gear fixedly mounted on a boss inside the first crawler. The driving pinion is fixedly mounted on a drive shaft, and its external teeth mesh with the internal teeth of the driven large gear to drive the rotation of the first crawler. The transmission gear set includes a transmission large gear and a transmission small gear. The transmission large gear is connected to the motor shaft of the first motor, and the transmission large gear and transmission small gear mesh with each other through external tooth engagement, transmitting power to the internal gear set via the transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is fixedly mounted on the first motor base via a bearing and a bearing housing, and the other end... The first end is fixedly mounted on the support ring via a bearing and a bearing seat; the support ring is connected to the first motor base via a support rod; the first motor is disposed within the receiving space enclosed by the first motor housing and the first motor base and is fixed on the first motor base, the first motor housing being used to protect the first motor; the first connecting member is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the first crawling member and rotates with it, the annular groove on the first connecting member is engaged in the annular protrusion on the first fixed ring, which can ensure that the first connecting member achieves its axial constraint during rotation; the end of the first fixed ring away from the first connecting member is fixedly mounted on the first motor base.

[0007] The scientific detection chamber is connected to the end of the front crawling mechanism away from the thermal fusion drill bit, and different scientific detection devices for sampling and data acquisition are installed inside the scientific detection chamber.

[0008] The deflection mechanism is installed at the end of the scientific exploration cavity away from the front crawling mechanism. The deflection mechanism is used to adjust the angle of the whole formed by the connection of the thermal drill bit, the front crawling mechanism and the scientific exploration cavity.

[0009] Specifically, the deflection mechanism includes a first deflection frame, a first deflection frame cover plate, a servo motor, a second deflection frame, a second deflection frame cover plate, and a bellows. The bottom of the first deflection frame is fixedly connected to the scientific exploration cavity, and the first deflection frame cooperates with the first deflection frame cover plate. The main servo disk of the servo motor is fixedly installed on the first deflection frame cover plate, and the servo motor body of the servo motor is fixedly installed on a boss inside the second deflection frame cover plate. The servo motor shaft of the servo motor extends from the second deflection frame and cooperates with the main servo disk. When the servo motor shaft rotates, the main servo disk, the first deflection frame cover plate, and the first deflection frame rotate accordingly. The second deflection frame cover plate is fixedly installed on the second deflection frame. The bellows is installed on the outer wall of the first and second deflection frames and can extend and retract with the deflection of the first deflection frame, which can be used to realize functions such as waterproofing and dustproofing inside the thermal fusion drill bit.

[0010] The rear-end crawling mechanism is installed at the end of the deflection mechanism to enable segmented crawling between the components of the thermal fusion drill bit. The structural principle of the rear-end crawling mechanism differs slightly from that of the front-end crawling mechanism. Specifically, to reduce the overall size of the thermal fusion drill bit, the second motor in the rear-end crawling mechanism is housed within a space enclosed by the second deflection frame and the second motor mount. The internal space of the second deflection frame protects the second motor, and the second motor mount is mounted on the second deflection frame to fix the second motor. Second connecting members are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the second crawling component in the rear-end crawling mechanism. The annular grooves on the second connecting members at both ends engage with the annular protrusions on their respective second fixed rings, ensuring axial constraint when the entire structure formed by the second crawling component and the second connecting member rotates relative to the second fixed ring. The exterior of the second crawling component also has several spiral strips, referred to as crawling component spiral strips for ease of description. When the second crawling component rotates on ice or rock surfaces, it experiences forward or backward frictional forces, allowing the rear-end crawling mechanism to move forward or backward.

[0011] The number of the deflection mechanism and the rear crawling mechanism in the hot melt drilling tool is determined according to factors such as drilling environment and power consumption. A single deflection mechanism can achieve a 180° swing of the first deflection frame, and two deflection mechanisms can achieve a 360° swing. When multiple deflection mechanisms and the rear crawling mechanism are intertwined, the overall spatial freedom of the hot melt drilling tool can be improved.

[0012] The end mechanism is installed at the end of the rear crawling mechanism. The interior of the end mechanism is set according to the detection requirements. For example, in order to realize the operation of retracting and extending the integrated cable, the winch can be placed in the end mechanism. If the overall size of the drill bit needs to be reduced, the winch can also be mounted in the lander.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the thermal melting drill bit provided by this invention for use in ice layers containing impurities are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention proposes a thermal melting drill bit suitable for use in ice layers containing impurities. The thermal melting drill bit can operate independently or simultaneously with the front-end crawling mechanism. When the thermal melting drill bit operates independently, it performs ice-melting drilling. When the front-end crawling mechanism and the thermal melting drill bit operate together, they rotate together, disturbing the liquid and impurity particles at the bottom of the hole and conveying the impurity particles inside the melted ice layer upwards, preventing the accumulation of impurity particles at the bottom of the hole and improving drilling efficiency. The deflection mechanism enables the thermal melting drill bit to have a certain deflection capability. The cooperation between multiple deflection mechanisms improves the spatial freedom of the drill bit. When encountering small rocks, multiple deflections are used to avoid obstacles. When encountering large rocks, the cooperation between the deflection mechanism and the rear-end crawling mechanism allows the thermal melting drill bit to crawl on the rocks until it bypasses them and continues drilling, which can greatly improve the success rate of drilling tasks. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a thermal drilling tool structure suitable for ice layers containing impurities is provided in this application embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a fusion drill bit and front-end crawling mechanism for a fusion drill tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connection between the first connector and the first fixing ring in the front-end crawling mechanism of a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the power transmission structure of the rear crawling mechanism of a thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the deflection mechanism and rear crawling mechanism of a thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 7A cross-sectional view of a deflection mechanism and a rear crawling mechanism for a thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided for embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of a deflection mechanism for a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 9 This application provides a schematic diagram of the rear crawling mechanism structure for a thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities.

[0024] Figure 10 This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for drilling through impurity layers in an ice layer.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for drilling through rock containing ice layers with impurities, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Reference numerals in the figures: 1-Thermomeling drill bit; 11-Thermomeling drill bit body; 111-Thermomeling drill bit spiral; 12-Heating rod; 2-Front-end crawling mechanism; 21-First crawling component; 211-Crawling component spiral; 22-Internal gear set; 221-Driving pinion; 222-Driven large gear; 23-Drive shaft; 24-Drive gear set; 241-Drive large gear; 242-Drive pinion; 25-First motor; 26-First motor housing; 27-First motor base; 28-First connector; 281-First connector annular groove; 29-First fixing ring; 291-First fixing ring annular protrusion; 201-Support rod; 202-Support ring; 203-Bearing; 204-Bearing seat ; 3-Scientific exploration cavity; 31-Scientific exploration device; 4-Deflection mechanism; 41-First deflection frame; 42-First deflection frame cover plate; 43-Servo motor; 431-Main servo disk; 432-Servo motor body; 433-Servo motor shaft; 44-Second deflection frame; 45-Second deflection frame cover plate; 46-Bellwall; 5-Rear end crawling mechanism; 51-Second motor; 52-Second motor base; 53-Second crawling component; 54-Second connector; 541-Second connector annular groove; 55-Second fixing ring; 551-Second fixing ring annular protrusion; 6-End mechanism; 7-Lander; 8-Integrated cable; 9-Impurities; 901-Impurity particles; 902-Small rock; 903-Large rock. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, this invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solutions of this invention and actual circumstances. To avoid obscuring the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, flows, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0028] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The overall structure of a thermal melting drill suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in this application embodiment, will now be described. A thermal melting drill suitable for ice layers containing impurities includes a thermal melting drill bit 1, a front crawling mechanism 2, a scientific detection chamber 3, a deflection mechanism 4, a rear crawling mechanism 5, and an end mechanism 6. The thermal melting drill bit 1 is located at the head of the thermal melting drill and is used for ice-melting drilling. The rear end of the thermal melting drill bit 1 is connected to the front crawling mechanism 2, which drives the thermal melting drill bit 1 to crawl and rotate. The rear end of the front crawling mechanism 2 is connected to the scientific detection chamber 3, whose internal space carries different scientific detection devices 31 for sampling and data acquisition (this is prior art and will not be described in detail here). The rear end of the scientific detection chamber 3 is connected to the deflection mechanism 4, which enables the thermal melting drill bit 1, the front crawling mechanism 2, and the scientific detection chamber 3 to form a unified whole. The deflection is within a certain angle range; the rear crawling mechanism 5 is connected to the rear end of the deflection mechanism 4, which enables segmented crawling between various components of the thermal fusion drilling tool. The number and position of the deflection mechanism 4 and the rear crawling mechanism 5 in the thermal fusion drilling tool are determined according to factors such as drilling environment and power consumption; the end mechanism 6 is set at the end of the thermal fusion drilling tool, and its internal devices are set according to the detection requirements. It is mainly used for the winding and unwinding of the integrated cable 8. The winch for winding and unwinding the integrated cable 8 can be placed in the end mechanism 6. If the overall size of the drilling tool is to be reduced, the winch can also be mounted in the lander 7.

[0029] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 10This application describes a hot melt drill bit 1 and a front-end crawling mechanism 2 for hot melt drilling tools suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided by an embodiment of this application. The hot melt drill bit 1 includes a hot melt drill bit body 11 and a heating rod 12 installed in the hot melt drill bit body 11. Wings extending spirally along the axial direction are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hot melt drill bit body 11. For ease of description, the wing provided on the hot melt drill bit body 11 is referred to as the hot melt drill bit spiral 111. During the rotation of the hot melt drill bit 1, these wing sections are used to convey impurity particles 901 upwards through the hot melt drill bit spiral 111, preventing the impurity particles 901 from accumulating at the bottom and affecting drilling efficiency. The hot melt drill bit body 11 is used for ice-melting drilling in ice layers, and the heating rod 12 is used to heat the hot melt drill bit body 11 to perform ice-melting drilling. The front-end crawling mechanism 2 is installed at the rear of the thermomelting drill bit body 11. The front-end crawling mechanism 2 includes a first crawling component 21, an internal gear set 22, a drive shaft 23, a transmission gear set 24, a first motor 25, a first motor housing 26, a first motor base 27, a first connecting component 28, and a first fixing ring 29. The first crawling component 21 is connected to the thermomelting drill bit body 11. The outer wall of the first crawling component 21 is provided with several crawling component spiral strips 211 for crawling of the front-end mechanism composed of the thermomelting drill bit 1 and the front-end crawling mechanism 2. The driven large gear 222 in the internal gear set 22 is fixedly installed on the boss on the inner wall of the first crawler 21. The driven small gear 221 cooperates with the internal large gear 222 to drive the rotation of the first crawler 21. The driven small gear 221 is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 23. To ensure the stability of the movement of the transmission shaft 23, the upper end of the transmission shaft 23 is fixedly installed on the first motor base 27 through the bearing 203 and the bearing seat 204. The lower end of the transmission shaft 23 is fixedly installed on the support ring 202 through the bearing 203 and the bearing seat 204. The support ring 202 is connected to the first motor base 27 through the support rod 201. The first motor 25 is housed within the accommodating space formed by the first motor base 27 and the first motor housing 26. The large transmission gear 241 in the transmission gear set 24 is connected to the motor shaft of the first motor 25. The small transmission gear 242 in the transmission gear set 24 is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft 23. The small transmission gear 242 cooperates with the large transmission gear 241, transmitting power to the internal gear set 22 through the transmission shaft 23. The first connecting member 28 is fixedly mounted inside the first crawling member 21. The annular groove on the first connecting member 28 cooperates with the annular protrusion on the first fixed ring 29, that is, the annular groove 281 of the first connecting member cooperates with the annular protrusion 291 of the first fixed ring, ensuring axial constraint when the first crawling member 21, the thermal drill bit body 11, and the first connecting member 28 rotate, while the first fixed ring 29 and other external wall structures remain stationary.

[0030] According to an embodiment of this application, a thermomelting drill bit 1 in a thermomelting drill tool suitable for ice layers containing impurities can operate independently or simultaneously with a front-end crawling mechanism 2. When the thermomelting drill bit 1 operates independently, the heating rod 12 heats the thermomelting drill bit body 11 to perform ice-melting drilling; when the front-end crawling mechanism 2 and the thermomelting drill bit 1 operate together, the thermomelting drill bit body 11 and the first crawling component 21 rotate together, disturbing the liquid at the bottom of the hole and conveying the impurity particles 901 inside the melted ice layer upward along the thermomelting drill bit spiral 111, thereby improving drilling efficiency.

[0031] Please refer to the following: Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The present application provides a description of a deflection mechanism for a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities. The deflection mechanism 4 includes a first deflection frame 41, a first deflection frame cover plate 42, a servo motor 43, a second deflection frame 44, a second deflection frame cover plate 45, and a bellows 46. The bottom of the first deflection frame 41 is fixedly connected to the scientific exploration cavity 3. The first deflection frame 41 cooperates with the first deflection frame cover plate 42. The main rudder disk 431 in the servo motor 43 is fixedly installed on the first deflection frame cover plate 42 by screws. The servo motor body 432 in the servo motor 43 is fixedly installed on the boss inside the second deflection frame cover plate 45. The servo motor shaft 433 in the servo motor 43 extends out from the second deflection frame 44 and cooperates with the main rudder disk 431. When the servo motor shaft 433 rotates, the main rudder disk 431, the first deflection frame cover plate 42 and the first deflection frame 41 also rotate. The second deflection frame cover plate 45 is fixedly installed on the top of the second deflection frame 44. The bellows 46 is installed on the outer wall of the second deflection frame 44 and the first deflection frame 41. The bellows 46 can extend and retract with the deflection of the first deflection frame 41, which can prevent water or impurity particles from entering the interior of the thermal drilling tool.

[0032] Please refer to the following: Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9The following describes a rear-end crawling mechanism for a thermal fusion drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided by an embodiment of this application. The rear-end crawling mechanism 5 and its structural principle are largely the same as those of the front-end crawling mechanism 2. The difference is that, in order to reduce the overall size of the thermal fusion drill bit, the second motor 51 in the rear-end crawling mechanism 5 is set in the accommodating space enclosed by the second deflection frame 44 and the second motor base 52. One end of the first crawling member 21 in the front crawling mechanism 2 is connected to the hot melt drill bit body 11, and the other end is connected to the first connecting member 28. Both ends of the second crawling member 53 in the rear crawling mechanism 5 are fixedly connected to the second connecting member 54. The annular grooves on the two second connecting members 54 are matched with the annular protrusions on their corresponding second fixed rings 55. One of the two second fixed rings 55 is fixedly installed on the second motor base 52, and the other is fixedly installed on the first deflection frame 41 or the end mechanism 6. The power transmission method inside the rear crawling mechanism 5 is the same as that of the front crawling mechanism 2. The annular groove on the second connecting member 54 is named the second connecting member annular groove 541, and the annular protrusion on the second fixed ring 55 is named the second fixed ring annular protrusion 551.

[0033] Please refer to the following: Figure 10 and Figure 11 The working process of a thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, provided in this application embodiment, will now be described. The lander 7 lowers the thermal melting drill bit via a composite cable 8. Since the ice layer may contain impurities 9, in the context of the entire extraterrestrial ice sheet, impurities 9 in this invention include impurity particles 901 and blocky rocks. The blocky rocks are divided into small rock fragments 902 and large rock fragments 903. Some impurity particles 901 in the ice layer will accumulate at the bottom of the hole after the ice melts, severely affecting drilling efficiency. Figure 10 (a) The thermal fusion drill bit, via the deflection mechanism 4, deflects the thermal fusion drill bit 1 and the front-end crawling mechanism 2 at a certain angle, drilling a side hole in the front of the drilling direction, allowing impurity particles 901 to flow into the side hole, such as... Figure 10 (b); Subsequently, the drill string uses the deflection mechanism 4 to return the hot melt drill bit 1 and the front crawling mechanism 2 to their correct positions, such as Figure 10 (c) The thermal fusion drill bit continues to make rapid thermal fusion drilling downwards, such as... Figure 10 As shown in (d), it can prevent impurity particles 901 from accumulating at the bottom of the hole and improve drilling efficiency.

[0034] When encountering rock during drilling, conventional thermal drilling tools cannot penetrate it, leading to mission failure. The scientific detection device 31 in the scientific detection chamber 3 analyzes the environment of the lower ice layer during drilling, such as... Figure 11 (a) When a small rock 902 is detected below the drill bit, the thermal fusion drill bit, through the cooperation of multiple deflection mechanisms 4, can bypass the small rock 902, such as... Figure 11(b) When a large rock 903 is detected during drilling, the drill bit, limited by its own length, cannot bypass the large rock 903 via the deflection mechanism 4. At this point, the front crawling mechanism 2 and the rear crawling mechanism 5 come into play. Through the cooperation between the deflection mechanism 4, the front crawling mechanism 2, and the crawling mechanism 5, the drill bit crawls on the large rock 903 via the crawling components until it bypasses the large rock 903, after which it continues to perform thermal drilling downwards. Figure 11 (c) This method greatly improves the flexibility of the drilling tools, ensures the safe and stable conduct of exploration missions, and increases the success rate of missions.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal drilling tool suitable for use in ice layers containing impurities, characterized in that, include: The hot melt drill bit (1), front crawling mechanism (2), scientific exploration cavity (3), deflection mechanism (4), rear crawling mechanism (5) and end mechanism (6) are provided. The number of deflection mechanisms (4) and the number of rear crawling mechanisms (5) are the same, and there is at least one. When there are at least two deflection mechanisms (4) and rear crawling mechanisms (5) in the hot melt drill bit suitable for ice layers containing impurities, the two are alternately arranged. The front-end crawling mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the non-working end of the hot melt drill bit (1) and the two are arranged coaxially. The front-end crawling mechanism (2) is used to drive the hot melt drill bit (1) to crawl and rotate. The outer peripheral surface of the front-end crawling mechanism (2) is the crawling surface. The crawling surface is used to contact the walking surface to generate friction, thereby making the front-end crawling mechanism (2) move along the walking surface. The walking surface is an ice surface or a rock surface. The scientific detection cavity (3) is fixedly connected to the end of the front crawling mechanism (2) away from the thermal fusion drill bit (1), and the scientific detection cavity (3) and the front crawling mechanism (2) are arranged coaxially. According to the detection requirements, the scientific detection cavity (3) is equipped with different scientific detection devices (31) for sampling and data acquisition. The deflection mechanism (4) is installed at the end of the scientific probe cavity (3) away from the front crawling mechanism (2). The deflection mechanism (4) is used to drive the thermoelectric drill bit (1), the front crawling mechanism (2) and the scientific probe cavity (3) to adjust the angle of the whole. The deflection mechanism (4) includes a first deflection frame (41), a first deflection frame cover plate (42), a servo motor (43), a second deflection frame (44) and a second deflection frame cover plate (45). The bottom of the first deflection frame (41) is fixedly connected to the scientific probe cavity (3). The first deflection frame (41) and the first deflection frame cover plate (42) are connected to each other. The main servo disk (431) of the servo motor (43) is fixedly installed on the first deflection frame cover plate (42), and the servo motor body (432) of the servo motor (43) is fixedly installed on the boss inside the second deflection frame cover plate (45). The servo motor shaft (433) of the servo motor (43) extends out from the second deflection frame (44) and cooperates with the main servo disk (431). When the servo motor shaft (433) rotates, the main servo disk (431), the first deflection frame cover plate (42) and the first deflection frame (41) rotate accordingly. The second deflection frame cover plate (45) is fixedly installed on the second deflection frame (44). When at least two of the aforementioned deflection mechanisms (4) and rear crawling mechanisms (5) are alternately connected to each other, they are used to complete the rotation and crawling operations in the three-dimensional space of the entire hot melt drill bit; The end mechanism (6) is fixedly connected to the rear crawling mechanism (5).

2. The thermal fusion drill bit for use with ice layers containing impurities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer peripheral surface of the thermomelting drill bit (1) is formed with fins that extend spirally along its axial direction.

3. The thermal fusion drill bit for ice layers containing impurities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-end crawling structure (2) includes a first crawling component (21), an internal gear set (22), a transmission shaft (23), a transmission gear set (24), a first motor (25), a first motor housing (26), a first motor base (27), a first connecting component (28), and a first fixing ring (29). The first crawling component (21) is cylindrical in shape and has several spiral strips on its outer surface. The internal gear set (22) includes a driving pinion (221) and a driven gear (222). (222) is fixedly installed on the boss inside the first crawler (21); the driving pinion (221) is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft (23), and the external teeth of the driving pinion (221) mesh with the internal teeth of the driven large gear (222); the transmission gear set (24) includes a transmission large gear (241) and a transmission pinion (242), the transmission large gear (241) is connected to the motor shaft of the first motor (25), and the transmission large gear (241) and the transmission pinion (242) mesh with each other through external teeth. The transmission pinion (242) is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft (23); one end of the transmission shaft (23) is fixedly mounted on the first motor base (27) via a bearing (203) and a bearing seat (204), and the other end is fixedly mounted on the support ring (202) via a bearing (203) and a bearing seat (204); the support ring (202) is connected to the first motor base (27) via a support rod (201); the first motor (25) is mounted on the first motor housing (26) and the first motor base (27). The motor base (27) is enclosed in the receiving space and fixed on the first motor base (27); the first connecting member (28) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first crawling member (21), and the annular groove on the first connecting member (28) cooperates with the annular protrusion on the first fixing ring (29) to axially constrain the first connecting member (28) so that it only rotates relative to the first fixing ring (29); the end of the first fixing ring (29) away from the first connecting member (28) is fixedly installed on the first motor base (27).

4. The thermal fusion drill bit for use with ice layers containing impurities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of the first deflection frame (41) and the second deflection frame (44) are fitted with bellows (46), which extend and retract as the first deflection frame (41) deflects.

5. The thermal fusion drill bit for ice layers containing impurities according to claim 3, characterized in that: The difference between the rear crawling mechanism (5) and the front crawling structure (2) is that the second motor (51) in the rear crawling mechanism (5) is set in the accommodating space formed by the second deflection frame (44) and the second motor seat (52). The two ends of the second crawling member (53) in the rear crawling mechanism (5) are fixedly connected to the second connecting member (54). The annular grooves on the two second connecting members (54) are matched with the annular protrusions on their corresponding second fixing rings (55). One of the two second fixing rings (55) is fixedly installed on the second motor seat (52), and the other is fixedly installed on the first deflection frame (41) or the end mechanism (6).

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