Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device and a control method, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device comprises an ammonia decomposition assembly and a solar energy utilization assembly, the ammonia decomposition assembly comprises an ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and an ammonia decomposition catalysis module and an electric heating module are arranged in the ammonia decomposition reaction tube; the solar energy utilization assembly is provided with a plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms, a driving mechanism and an electricity storage mechanism, the driving mechanism is used for driving the multiple composite solar energy mechanisms to rotate around the rotating axes of the multiple composite solar energy mechanisms, and the composite solar energy mechanisms are provided with reflecting mirror surfaces and photovoltaic panels which are annularly arranged around the rotating axes at intervals; the electric heating module and the photovoltaic panel are both connected with the electric storage mechanism. The driving mechanism controls one part of the composite solar mechanisms to rotate, so that the reflecting mirror surface reflects light rays and gathers sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and controls the other part of the composite solar mechanisms to rotate, so that the photovoltaic panel rotates to receive the sunlight to generate electricity and store the electricity in the electricity storage mechanism; meanwhile, the stored electric power is used for assisting heating, so that the ammonia reaction is kept at a proper temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy conservation and new energy, and in particular to an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device and a control method. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy and sustainable development increases, hydrogen energy, as an efficient and clean form of energy, has received extensive attention and research. Although traditional hydrogen production methods, such as water electrolysis, are mature in technology, they have high energy consumption and rely on a large amount of electricity supply. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a technology that can efficiently utilize renewable energy, such as solar energy, to produce hydrogen.

[0003] In solar hydrogen production technology, using solar energy concentration to generate high temperatures to provide heat energy for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction is considered to be a potential method. Ammonia can be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen under the action of thermal energy, and solar energy, as an abundant and renewable energy source, can be used to provide the required thermal energy. However, traditional solar ammonia decomposition hydrogen production systems can only concentrate light, so it will either cause insufficient temperature problems when solar radiation conditions are poor, or cause excessively high reaction temperatures when solar radiation conditions are good. In addition, traditional solar ammonia decomposition hydrogen production systems have not yet proposed a solar energy conversion and utilization plan, and cannot work at night or when solar radiation conditions are poor due to the low reaction temperature. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device and a control method to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are: The present invention provides an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device, comprising an ammonia decomposition component and a solar energy utilization component, the ammonia decomposition component comprising an ammonia decomposition reaction tube, wherein an ammonia decomposition catalytic module and an electric heating module are arranged inside the ammonia decomposition reaction tube; the solar energy utilization component is provided with a plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms, a driving mechanism, and an electric storage mechanism, wherein the composite solar energy mechanism is provided with a reflecting mirror and a photovoltaic panel arranged at annular intervals around a rotation axis, the electric heating module and the photovoltaic panel are both connected to the electric storage mechanism, the ammonia decomposition reaction tube is arranged outside the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms, and the driving mechanism is used to respectively drive the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms to rotate around the rotation axis, so that the reflecting mirror reflects sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, or the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: According to weather factors such as solar radiation intensity and temperature, the driving mechanism controls a part of the composite solar energy mechanism to rotate so that the reflective mirror reflects light and converges the sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and controls another part of the composite solar energy mechanism to rotate so that the photovoltaic panel rotates to a position to receive sunlight. The photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the electrical storage mechanism. At night or when solar radiation conditions are poor, the stored electricity is used for auxiliary heating to keep the ammonia reaction at a suitable temperature, so that the present invention can use solar energy for ammonia decomposition around the clock.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the reflective mirror surface and the photovoltaic panel are arranged in back-to-back relation.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition reaction tube includes at least two heating tube segments connected in sequence, the solar energy utilization component includes at least two reflector fields, the at least two reflector fields correspond one-to-one to the at least two heating tube segments, and each of the reflector fields includes a plurality of the composite solar energy mechanisms.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the at least two heating pipe sections include a preheating pipe section for preheating ammonia and a reaction pipe section for ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a preheating outer transparent cover is provided on the outer periphery of the preheating pipe section, and a first vacuum insulation layer is formed between the preheating outer transparent cover and the preheating pipe section.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an outer transparent ammonia decomposition cover is provided on the outer periphery of the reaction tube segment, and a second vacuum insulation layer is formed between the outer transparent ammonia decomposition cover and the reaction tube segment.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane is provided inside the reaction tube segment, so that a reaction channel and a hydrogen output channel respectively located on both sides of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane are provided inside the reaction tube segment, the reaction channel runs through both ends of the reaction tube segment, the hydrogen output channel is communicated with the outlet end of the reaction tube segment, and the electric heating module and the ammonia decomposition catalytic module are arranged in the reaction channel.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia decomposition component also includes a compound curved surface condenser located on the outer peripheral side of the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the ammonia decomposition reaction tube is located at the focus of the compound curved surface condenser.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the length direction of the ammonia decomposition reaction tube and the composite solar energy mechanism is arranged in the north-south direction, and the relative position between the ammonia decomposition reaction tube and the composite solar energy mechanism along the north-south direction is adjustable.

[0015] The present invention also provides a control method, which is applied to any one of the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition hydrogen production devices, and the control method comprises the following steps: Passing ammonia to be decomposed into an ammonia decomposition reaction tube; The reflective mirror of the composite solar energy mechanism is rotated to a position where sunlight is reflected to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the heat of the solar energy is transferred to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube through the reflective mirror to heat and decompose the ammonia; Rotating the photovoltaic panel of the composite solar energy mechanism to a position where it receives sunlight, converting the solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic panel and storing it in the electrical storage mechanism; The electric heating module is powered by the electric storage mechanism to heat and decompose the ammonia gas; Under different working conditions, a part of the reflective mirrors is controlled to heat the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and another part of the photovoltaic panels is controlled to generate electricity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the composite solar energy mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the preheating pipe section provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction tube structure provided by the present invention. Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the gas flow path and the sunlight path of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device provided by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device provided by the present invention under the condition of sufficient solar radiation; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device provided by the present invention under the condition of insufficient solar radiation; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device provided by the present invention under completely cloudy weather conditions; Fig. 9 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for controlling an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device.

[0017] Reference numerals: Ammonia decomposition assembly 100, preheating pipe section 110, preheating grid 111, preheating outer transparent cover 112, first vacuum insulation layer 113; Reaction tube section 120, ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121, reaction heating grid 122, ammonia decomposition outer transparent cover 123, hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124, second vacuum insulation layer 125, hydrogen output channel 126, reaction channel 127, composite curved surface concentrator 130, expansion joint 140, solar energy utilization component 200, preheating mirror field 210, decomposition reflector field 220, composite solar energy mechanism 230, reflector surface 231, photovoltaic panel 232, motor 240, rotating shaft 241, supporting structure 300. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, if there are words such as "several", it means one or more, "more" means more than two, greater than, less than, exceed, etc. are understood as not including the number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the number.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device and a control method as follows: Reference Figure 1 The solar energy controllable concentrating all-weather ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system includes an ammonia decomposition component 100 and a solar energy utilization component 200.

[0023] The ammonia decomposition assembly 100 includes an ammonia decomposition reaction tube, which includes two heating tube sections connected in sequence, the two heating tube sections are respectively a preheating tube section 110 for heating ammonia gas and a reaction tube section 120 for ammonia decomposition reaction. The preheating tube section 110 is arranged in front of the reaction tube section 120, so that the ammonia gas entering the reaction tube section 120 has a certain temperature, avoiding the problem of thermal field imbalance in the reaction thermal field in the reaction tube section 120. The ammonia decomposition catalytic module includes an ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121, which is arranged in the reaction tube section 120, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is used to catalyze ammonia decomposition. The electric heating module includes a preheating grid 111 and a reaction heating grid 122, the preheating grid 111 is arranged in the preheating tube section 110, and the reaction heating grid 122 is arranged in the reaction tube section 120, and the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 are both used to heat ammonia gas. When the ammonia decomposition reaction is performed, the ammonia to be decomposed first enters the preheating tube section 110 to be heated to a first temperature, such as 500° C., and then enters the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube section 120 for decomposition, and finally hydrogen and nitrogen are discharged from the end of the reaction tube section 120. The ammonia decomposition reaction tube is arranged directly above the solar energy utilization component 200 through the support structure 300. In some other embodiments, the ammonia decomposition reaction tube can be arranged at a position where it can receive the light reflected by the solar energy utilization component 200.

[0024] In some other embodiments, the ammonia decomposition reaction tube includes a plurality of heating tube segments connected in sequence, for example, three heating tube segments, two of which are used for preheating ammonia and one of which is used for ammonia decomposition reaction, and the number of heating tube segments is set according to actual conditions.

[0025] A composite curved condenser 130 is provided above the ammonia decomposition reaction tube. The composite curved condenser 130 is made of heat-bent glass, and its curve is in the form of a composite parabola and involute. The ammonia decomposition reaction tube is located at the focus of the composite curved condenser 130, and the direct light and scattered light reflected from different directions can be evenly converged on the surface of the ammonia decomposition reaction tube located at the focus, which not only improves the uniformity of the heating thermal field inside the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, but also maximizes the use of solar energy.

[0026] The solar energy utilization assembly 200 includes a plurality of reflector fields, and the number of reflector fields is set corresponding to the number of heating pipe segments. In this embodiment, two heating pipe segments are provided, and two reflector fields are also provided. The two reflector fields correspond to the two heating pipe segments one by one. The two reflector fields are respectively a preheating mirror field 210 and a decomposition reflector field 220. The preheating mirror field 210 is set corresponding to the preheating pipe segment 110, and the decomposition reaction mirror field is set corresponding to the reaction pipe segment 120. The two reflector fields can independently adjust the solar concentration multiples, and provide the required different heat energies to the preheating pipe segment 110 and the reaction pipe segment 120 respectively.

[0027] In some other embodiments, there are three heating tube segments and three reflector fields, and the three heating tube segments and the three reflector fields are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 The solar energy utilization component 200 is provided with a plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms 230, a driving mechanism, and an electric storage mechanism. The driving mechanism is used to respectively drive the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms 230 to rotate around their own rotation axes. The composite solar energy mechanisms 230 are provided with reflecting mirrors 231 and photovoltaic panels 232 arranged at annular intervals around the rotation axis. The reflecting mirrors 231 are high-reflectivity mirrors, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar radiation energy. The photovoltaic panels 232 can receive solar energy to generate electricity. The electric heating module and the photovoltaic panels 232 are both connected to the electric storage mechanism. The ammonia decomposition reaction tube is arranged on the outside of the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms 230, so that the reflecting mirrors 231 reflect sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, or so that the photovoltaic panels 232 receive sunlight.

[0029] In this embodiment, the reflective mirror 231 and the photovoltaic panel 232 are arranged in a relatively back-to-back manner, and the composite solar energy mechanism 230 has a rotating shaft 241 along its length direction, that is, a rotating shaft 241 is provided between the reflective mirror 231 and the photovoltaic panel 232, and the rotating shaft 241 is connected to the driving unit in a transmission manner, and the driving unit can be a motor 240. The motor 240 drives the rotating shaft 241 to rotate, and the reflective mirror 231 can be adjusted to reflect sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, or to allow the photovoltaic panel 232 to receive sunlight. This setting method is more convenient to control the position of the reflective mirror 231 or the photovoltaic panel 232. In some other embodiments, the reflective mirror 231 and the photovoltaic panel 232 are arranged at a certain angle.

[0030] The driving mechanism includes a plurality of motors 240, and the plurality of motors 240 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of composite solar mechanisms 230. The plurality of motors 240 independently drive the plurality of composite solar mechanisms 230, which can realize the flexible regulation and precise convergence of solar radiation energy. According to the solar radiation intensity and weather factors such as temperature, a part of the reflective mirrors 231 can be controlled to converge sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the remaining photovoltaic panels 232 can be controlled to receive light to generate electricity. In some other embodiments, the driving mechanism can drive the plurality of composite solar mechanisms 230 to rotate at the same time.

[0031] In order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, the preheating tube section 110, the reaction tube section 120 and the composite solar energy mechanism 230 can be translated in the north-south direction, which can minimize the loss of solar energy caused by the change of the solar declination angle in a year. In some embodiments, the composite solar energy mechanism 230 can be adjusted relative to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube in the north-south direction, or the ammonia decomposition reaction tube can be adjusted relative to the composite solar energy mechanism 230 in the north-south direction.

[0032] The electric storage mechanism is connected to the electric heating module, and the electric storage mechanism can store the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel 232, and heat the electric heating module, so that the electric heating module heats the ammonia and increases the temperature of the ammonia reaction. On the one hand, when the system is started, the electric heating module can be used for heating so that the ammonia decomposition reaction tube quickly reaches the temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction. On the other hand, when the light is insufficient or at night, that is, when the heat provided by solar energy is insufficient, the electric heating module is heated so that the ammonia decomposition reaction tube continues to maintain the temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction, so that the present invention can use solar energy to decompose ammonia around the clock.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 The preheating pipe section 110 is erected above the preheating mirror field 210 through the support structure 300. The outer surface of the preheating pipe section 110 is coated with a high light absorption coating, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar radiation energy. The outer periphery is covered with a preheating outer transparent cover 112, which can be made of glass. The annular space between the preheating outer transparent cover 112 and the preheating pipe section 110 is evacuated to form a first vacuum insulation layer 113. The first vacuum insulation layer 113 does not block light from passing through the first vacuum insulation layer 113 to reach the inside of the preheating pipe section 110, and the heat of the preheating pipe section 110 can be isolated by the first vacuum insulation layer 113, so the first vacuum insulation layer 113 can reduce the dissipation of light and heat energy. The preheating grid 111 is installed inside the preheating pipe section 110. The heat for heating the ammonia to be decomposed comes from the heat concentrated by the preheating mirror field 210 or the electric heat energy of the preheating grid 111 or the heat of the two working together. The electric energy consumed by the preheating grid 111 comes from the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 232 and a part of the external electric power.

[0034] Reference Figure 4The outer surface of the reaction tube segment 120 is coated with a high light absorption coating, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar radiation energy. The outer periphery of the reaction tube segment 120 is provided with an ammonia decomposition outer transparent cover 123, which is made of high-transmittance and high-strength glass, and can reduce the loss of solar radiation energy when penetrating the glass cover; a second vacuum insulation layer 125 is formed between the ammonia decomposition outer transparent cover 123 and the reaction tube segment 120. The second vacuum insulation layer 125 does not block light from passing through the second vacuum insulation layer 125 to the inside of the reaction tube segment 120, and the heat inside the reaction tube segment 120 can be isolated by the second vacuum insulation layer 125, so the second vacuum insulation layer 125 can reduce the dissipation of light and heat energy.

[0035] A hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 is provided inside the reaction tube section 120, so that a reaction channel 127 and a hydrogen output channel 126 are provided inside the reaction tube section 120, which are respectively located on both sides of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124. The reaction channel 127 runs through both ends of the reaction tube section 120, and the hydrogen output channel 126 is connected to the outlet end of the reaction tube section 120. The electric heating module and the ammonia decomposition catalytic module are arranged in the reaction channel 127. The material of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 is preferably a palladium membrane or a palladium alloy membrane, which has high hydrogen-nitrogen selectivity and permeability, and can effectively separate hydrogen molecules under a certain pressure and temperature, so that hydrogen enters the hydrogen output channel 126. In this embodiment, the shape of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 is barrel-shaped, the hydrogen output channel 126 is located inside the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124, the reaction channel 127 is arranged between the outer periphery of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 and the reaction tube section 120, and the electric heating module and the ammonia decomposition catalytic module can be evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124. The hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 can effectively promote the forward movement of the reaction by reducing the hydrogen partial pressure during the ammonia decomposition reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate and ammonia conversion rate. In some other embodiments, the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 can separate the reaction tube section 120 into two upper and lower channels, one of which is a reaction channel 127 and the other is a hydrogen output channel 126.

[0036] The electric heating module also includes a reaction heating grid 122, which can play a role in uniform heating. In some other embodiments, the electric heating module can be a heating rod. The electric heating module can continue to heat the ammonia by consuming a certain amount of electricity when the natural solar radiation energy is insufficient, and can effectively transfer the wall heat energy of the reaction tube section 120 to the ammonia when the natural solar radiation energy is sufficient. The reaction heating grid 122 is cylindrical, so that the reaction heating grid 122 is evenly distributed between the reaction tube section 120 and the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124, and the ammonia decomposition catalytic module is an ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121. The reaction heating grid 122 carries the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121. The large amount of heat energy required for the ammonia decomposition reaction comes from the heat of the decomposition reaction mirror field or the electric heat energy of the reaction heating grid 122 or the heat of the two working together. The electric energy consumed by the reaction heating grid 122 comes from the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 232 and a part of the external power.

[0037] Reference Figure 5 An expansion joint 140 is provided between the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120. The expansion joint 140 can relieve the thermal stress of the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120 caused by heating, thereby improving the safety of the system.

[0038] The ammonia to be decomposed first enters the preheating pipe section 110 and is heated to a first temperature, such as 500°C. After the temperature of the ammonia to be decomposed reaches the first temperature, it is discharged from the output end of the preheating pipe section 110, flows through the expansion joint 140 located between the preheating pipe section 110 and the reaction pipe section 120, enters from the input end of the reaction pipe section 120 and contacts with the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The operating temperature of the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is a second temperature, such as 450°C. The generated hydrogen and nitrogen are separated by the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124 in the reaction pipe section 120, and the nitrogen and undecomposed ammonia continue to flow through the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 until the ammonia is completely decomposed. Finally, nitrogen is discharged from the output end of the reaction pipe section 120, and ultrapure hydrogen is discharged from the output end of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane 124.

[0039] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the present invention also provides a control method applicable to the above embodiment. According to the position of the sun in the sky in different seasons and at different times of the day, different ambient temperatures and weather conditions, by adjusting the rotation angle of the composite solar mechanism 230 driven by each motor 240, the solar radiation energy received by the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120 is controlled, so that the ammonia gas is preheated to a first temperature such as 500°C, the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is heated to a second temperature such as 450°C, and the photovoltaic panel 232 generates electricity to assist in heating the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120 through electric heating when the natural solar radiation conditions are poor, so as to realize all-weather solar-driven ammonia decomposition and hydrogen production.

[0040] Reference Fig. 9 , the control method specifically includes the following steps: Step S100: passing ammonia to be decomposed into an ammonia decomposition reaction tube; Step S200: rotating the reflective mirror 231 of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 to a position where the sunlight is reflected to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and transferring the heat of the solar energy to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube through the reflective mirror 231 to heat and decompose the ammonia; Step S300: rotating the photovoltaic panel 232 of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 to a position for receiving sunlight, converting solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic panel 232 and storing it in the electrical storage mechanism; Step S400: supplying power to the electric heating module through the electric storage mechanism to heat and decompose the ammonia gas; Step S500: Under different working conditions, a portion of the reflective mirrors 231 are controlled to heat the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and another portion of the photovoltaic panels 232 are controlled to generate electricity.

[0041] The following are the control methods of the system according to different working conditions.

[0042] Under the condition of sufficient natural solar radiation intensity: Reference Figure 6When the system is cold and started, each row of composite solar energy mechanism 230 is driven by the corresponding motor 240, and the reflective mirrors 231 of all composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reflective mirror field 220 track the movement of the sun. Each reflective mirror 231 reflects and converges the sunlight into the composite curved concentrator 130, and the composite curved concentrator 130 reflects and converges the incident light onto the surface of the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120 again, so as to achieve high-power solar concentrating heating; at the same time, the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 in the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120 also synchronously consume a small amount of electricity for electric auxiliary heating, further improving the heating speed when the system is cold and started, so that the preheating tube segment 110 can quickly preheat the ammonia to the first temperature, and at the same time, the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube segment 120 is quickly heated to the second temperature, so as to achieve the system to produce hydrogen. The specific steps are as follows: When the system is cold and started, all the composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reflector field 220 are driven to rotate by controlling each driving unit, so that the reflective mirror surface 231 tracks the movement of the sun and reflects and converges the sunlight into the composite curved surface concentrator 130, so that the incident light is reflected and converged again onto the surface of the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120; Controlling the preheating grid 111 to perform auxiliary heating so that the preheating pipe section 110 can quickly preheat the ammonia gas to the first temperature; Controlling the reaction heating grid 122 to assist in heating so that the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube section 120 is quickly heated to the second temperature; After the system is started cold, in order to keep the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120 at the first temperature and the second temperature respectively, only the reflective mirror surface 231 of a part of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 continues to focus the sunlight on the surface of the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120; the other composite solar energy mechanisms 230 are turned upside down, with the photovoltaic panels 232 facing the sunlight and tracking the movement of the sun to perform photovoltaic power generation; at this time, the number of composite solar energy mechanisms 230 participating in focusing sunlight and the number of composite solar energy mechanisms 230 performing photovoltaic power generation will be dynamically adjusted according to parameters such as the position of the sun and the ambient temperature; the composite solar energy mechanism 230 performing photovoltaic power generation uses the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 as power reserve when the solar radiation intensity is insufficient. The specific control steps are as follows: The reflective mirror 231 of a part of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 is rotated to a position where the sunlight is reflected to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the heat of the solar energy is transferred to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube through the reflective mirror 231 to heat and decompose the ammonia; The photovoltaic panel 232 of another part of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 is rotated to a position to receive sunlight, and the photovoltaic panel 232 converts the solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the electrical storage mechanism; The photovoltaic panel 232 converts solar energy into electrical energy by storing it through an electrical storage mechanism.

[0043] Reference Figure 7 , when the natural solar radiation intensity is insufficient, the specific electric control method is as follows: In weather conditions with a small amount of overcast or poor air quality, the solar radiation heat effect is still significant. At this time, the reflective mirrors 231 of all the composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reflector field 220 track the movement of the sun and reflect and converge the sunlight into the composite curved concentrator 130. The composite curved concentrator 130 reflects the incident light again and converges it onto the surface of the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120, thereby achieving solar concentrating heating. At the same time, the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 in the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120 also synchronously consume a certain amount of electricity for electric auxiliary heating, thereby jointly maintaining the preheating tube segment 110 and the reaction tube segment 120 at the first temperature and the second temperature respectively. The specific control steps are as follows: By controlling each driving unit to drive all the composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reaction mirror field to rotate, the reflective mirror surface 231 tracks the movement of the sun and reflects and converges the sunlight into the composite curved concentrator 130 so that the incident light is reflected and converged again onto the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube surface; Controlling the preheating grid 111 to assist in heating so that the preheating pipe section 110 and the sunlight concentrating the preheating pipe section 110 can jointly maintain the ammonia gas at the first temperature; The reaction heating grid 122 is controlled to assist in heating the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube section 120 , and the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is heated by sunlight, so that the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is maintained at the second temperature.

[0044] Reference Figure 7 Under the weather condition of complete overcast, the preheating pipe section 110 and the reaction pipe section 120 respectively rely on the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 to maintain the first temperature and the second temperature respectively, and the power consumed for heating comes from the power stored by the photovoltaic panels 232 of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 and a part of the external power; at this time, all the composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reflector field 220 are turned upside down, with the photovoltaic panels 232 facing a small amount of direct sunlight and tracking the movement of the sun, to perform photovoltaic power generation, and supplement a part of the power consumption of the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122. The specific control steps are as follows: By controlling each driving unit to drive all the composite solar energy mechanisms 230 of the preheating mirror field 210 and the decomposition reaction mirror field to rotate, all the photovoltaic panels 232 perform photovoltaic power generation; Providing electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel 232 to the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122; Controlling the preheating grid 111 to heat the preheating pipe section 110 to keep the ammonia gas in the preheating pipe section 110 at a first temperature; The reaction heating grid 122 is controlled to heat the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube section 120 so that the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 is maintained at the second temperature.

[0045] Under nighttime conditions, the preheating tube section 110 and the reaction tube section 120 respectively rely on the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122 to maintain the first temperature and the second temperature respectively, and the power consumed for heating comes from the power stored by the photovoltaic panel 232 of the composite solar energy mechanism 230 and a part of the external power. The specific control steps are as follows: The electricity stored by the photovoltaic panel 232 and a part of the external electricity are used to supply power to the preheating grid 111 and the reaction heating grid 122; Controlling the preheating grid 111 to heat the preheating tube so that the ammonia gas in the preheating tube section 110 maintains a first temperature; The reaction heating grid 122 is controlled to heat the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 in the reaction tube section 120 so that the ammonia decomposition catalyst bed 121 maintains the second temperature.

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described above, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device, characterized in that: include: An ammonia decomposition component comprises an ammonia decomposition reaction tube, wherein an ammonia decomposition catalytic module and an electric heating module are arranged inside the ammonia decomposition reaction tube; The solar energy utilization component is provided with a plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms, a driving mechanism, and an electric storage mechanism. The composite solar energy mechanisms are provided with reflecting mirrors and photovoltaic panels arranged at annular intervals around a rotation axis. The electric heating module and the photovoltaic panel are both connected to the electric storage mechanism. The ammonia decomposition reaction tube is arranged on the outside of the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms. The driving mechanism is used to drive the plurality of composite solar energy mechanisms to rotate around the rotation axis respectively, so that the reflecting mirrors reflect sunlight to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, or the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.

2. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective mirror surface and the photovoltaic panel are arranged in opposite directions.

3. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition reaction tube includes at least two heating tube segments connected in sequence, the solar energy utilization component includes at least two reflector fields, the at least two reflector fields correspond to the at least two heating tube segments one by one, and each of the reflector fields includes a plurality of the composite solar energy mechanisms.

4. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The at least two heating pipe sections include a preheating pipe section for preheating ammonia and a reaction pipe section for ammonia decomposition reaction.

5. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the preheating pipe section is sheathed with a preheating outer transparent cover, and a first vacuum insulation layer is formed between the preheating outer transparent cover and the preheating pipe section.

6. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the reaction tube section is sheathed with an ammonia decomposition outer transparent cover, and a second vacuum insulation layer is formed between the ammonia decomposition outer transparent cover and the reaction tube section.

7. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane is arranged inside the reaction tube section, so that a reaction channel and a hydrogen output channel are arranged inside the reaction tube section, which are respectively located on both sides of the hydrogen-nitrogen separation membrane. The reaction channel runs through both ends of the reaction tube section, and the hydrogen output channel is communicated with the outlet end of the reaction tube section. The electric heating module and the ammonia decomposition catalytic module are arranged in the reaction channel.

8. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition component further comprises a compound curved surface condenser located at the outer peripheral side of the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the ammonia decomposition reaction tube is located at the focus of the compound curved surface condenser.

9. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length direction of the ammonia decomposition reaction tube and the composite solar energy mechanism is arranged in the north-south direction, and the relative position between the ammonia decomposition reaction tube and the composite solar energy mechanism along the north-south direction is adjustable.

10. A control method, characterized in that: It is applied to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the control method comprises the following steps: Passing ammonia to be decomposed into an ammonia decomposition reaction tube; The reflective mirror of the composite solar energy mechanism is rotated to a position where sunlight is reflected to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and the heat of the solar energy is transferred to the ammonia decomposition reaction tube through the reflective mirror to heat and decompose the ammonia; Rotating the photovoltaic panel of the composite solar energy mechanism to a position where it receives sunlight, converting the solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic panel and storing it in the electrical storage mechanism; The electric heating module is powered by the electric storage mechanism to heat and decompose the ammonia gas; Under different working conditions, a part of the reflective mirrors is controlled to heat the ammonia decomposition reaction tube, and another part of the photovoltaic panels is controlled to generate electricity.

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