A method and system for constructing an artificial river channel imitating natural landscape pattern

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for constructing an artificial waterway that mimics a natural landscape pattern. The method involves: determining the objectives of a planned construction project using fractal geometry theory, including the landscape type, number of patches or the total number of patches in the artificial waterway, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type; calculating a landscape pattern index based on the construction objectives, including landscape patches, landscape shape, and landscape diversity; and determining the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway based on the landscape pattern index; establishing an artificial waterway landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway, taking into account landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits; and evaluating changes in various landscape elements of the artificial waterway. The present invention not only enhances the diversity and stability of the ecosystem but also optimizes the landscape pattern and ecological function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for constructing an artificial river channel, in particular to a method for constructing an artificial river channel imitating a natural landscape pattern. Background Art

[0002] Artificial waterways, as a vital component of urban water conservancy infrastructure, play a key role in flood control, drainage, and water resource allocation. However, the construction of traditional artificial waterways often focuses on engineering functionality, neglecting their ecosystem services and integration with the natural landscape.

[0003] In terms of landscape pattern, most artificial waterways present numerous problems. First, the design of landscape patches is irrational. Patch types are monotonous, primarily consisting of hard revetments and simple greenery, lacking the rich diversity of patch types found in natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, shallows, and woodlands. This results in a simple river ecosystem structure, failing to provide diverse habitats and breeding grounds for diverse organisms. Second, the landscape shape is overly regular. Artificial waterways often exhibit straight lines or simple geometric shapes, significantly different from the winding forms of natural rivers. This regular shape alters the natural flow of water, accelerating it and increasing the risk of riverbank scour. It also disrupts the continuity and stability of habitats and reduces the space for organisms to survive. Third, landscape diversity is lacking. The overall landscape lacks layering and complexity, and the plant species selection is limited, mostly consisting of common garden plants, without sufficient consideration for their ecological adaptability and biodiversity needs. Animal communities struggle to develop due to a lack of suitable habitats and food sources, resulting in biodiversity far lower than that of natural river ecosystems, and poor ecosystem stability and self-repair capabilities.

[0004] As awareness of ecological and environmental protection continues to grow, the construction of artificial waterways that mimic natural landscape patterns is becoming increasingly urgent. This construction method aims to draw on the landscape patterns of natural waterways to optimize the ecological functions of artificial waterways, enhance biodiversity, and strengthen the value of ecosystem services, ultimately achieving a harmonious coexistence between artificial waterways and the urban ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern, which not only improves the diversity and stability of the ecosystem, but also optimizes the landscape pattern and ecological function.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern comprises:

[0008] By using fractal geometry theory, the objectives of the planned construction are determined. The objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type.

[0009] According to the construction objectives, calculate the landscape pattern index, which includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and determine the landscape pattern of the artificial river according to the landscape pattern index;

[0010] According to the landscape pattern of artificial waterways, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model is established;

[0011] Assess changes in various landscape elements of artificial waterways.

[0012] Furthermore, the objectives of the planned construction are determined through fractal geometry theory. The objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type, including:

[0013] Setting fractal parameters, wherein the fractal parameters include fractal dimension and curvature coefficient;

[0014] According to the given fractal parameters, a series of points are generated based on the iterative function system algorithm to determine the position of the river centerline;

[0015] Adjust the generated river channel plan morphology based on GIS data;

[0016] Set a fractal parameter to describe the cross-sectional roughness;

[0017] According to the fractal parameters, the profile of the river cross section is generated using random fractal algorithm;

[0018] According to the cross-sectional profile and cross-sectional morphology of the river channel, the aquatic habitat can be obtained;

[0019] Adjust the curvature of the river's curved sections based on the simulation results of the computational fluid dynamics model, and plant aquatic plants in the slow-flowing areas formed at the river bends;

[0020] In riverbank design, irregular riverbanks generated by fractal parameters are used to add leisure facilities and landscape forest belts.

[0021] Furthermore, according to the construction objectives, the landscape pattern index is calculated. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity. Based on the landscape pattern index, the landscape pattern of the artificial river is determined, including:

[0022] Conduct surveys or investigations on the construction objectives and calculate landscape patches, landscape shapes, and landscape diversity. Landscape patches include patch density and maximum patch index, landscape shapes include edge density and landscape shape index, and landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index.

[0023] Based on the patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index and Shannon landscape evenness index, the landscape type, number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial waterway, the edge length of each landscape type and the habitat type within the red line of the artificial waterway planning and construction are determined;

[0024] The landscape pattern was determined using Fragstats software based on the landscape pattern index.

[0025] Furthermore, the construction objectives are surveyed or investigated to calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including:

[0026] Landscape patch includes patch density and maximum patch index;

[0027] By PD=n i / A calculates the plaque density, where n i is the number of patches of the i-th landscape type or the total number of patches in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and PD refers to the number of patches per hectare, which is used to describe the degree of diversity of landscape types. The larger the PD, the higher the degree of spatial heterogeneity.

[0028] pass Calculate the maximum plaque index, where a ij is the largest patch area of ​​the i-th landscape type or the largest patch area in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and LPI is the largest patch index, which is used to measure the proportion of the largest patch in the entire landscape.

[0029] Furthermore, the construction objectives are investigated or surveyed to calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including:

[0030] Landscape shape includes edge density and landscape shape index;

[0031] pass Calculate edge density, where m is the total number of landscape feature types at a certain spatial resolution within the study area, and p is the total number of landscape feature types at a certain spatial resolution within the study area. ij is the length of the boundary between the i-th type of landscape patch and the adjacent j-th type of landscape feature patch in the landscape, A is the total area of ​​the region, and ED is the edge density, which represents the edge length per unit area in the landscape;

[0032] By LSI=e i / min(e i ) Calculate the landscape shape index, e i is the total edge length of type i in the landscape, min(e i ) is the minimum edge length of landscape type i when the total area is constant and it is aggregated into a simple and compact landscape patch. LSI is the landscape shape index, which indicates the degree of aggregation of the landscape space.

[0033] Furthermore, the construction objectives are investigated or surveyed to calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including:

[0034] Landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index and Shannon landscape evenness index;

[0035] pass Calculate the landscape spread index, where m is the total number of patch types, P i is the proportion of the landscape area occupied by patch type i, g ik is the number of adjacent grid cells between patch types i and k, CONTAG is the landscape contagion index, which describes the degree of agglomeration or extension trend of different patch types in the landscape;

[0036] pass Calculate the Shannon landscape diversity index, where p i is the area proportion of landscape type i in the landscape, m is the total number of landscape types, and SHDI is the Shannon landscape diversity index;

[0037] pass Calculate the Shannon landscape evenness index, where p i is the area proportion of landscape type i in the landscape, m is the total number of landscape types, and SHEI is the Shannon landscape evenness index.

[0038] Furthermore, based on the landscape pattern of artificial waterways, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model was established, including:

[0039] Landscape heterogeneity includes longitudinal heterogeneity, lateral heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity;

[0040] Ecological benefits include habitat function, filtering and barrier effects, and source-sink effects;

[0041] According to the landscape pattern, landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits of artificial waterways, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model is constructed.

[0042] 8. A system for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern, characterized by comprising:

[0043] The planning module is used to determine the objectives of the planned construction through fractal geometry theory. The construction objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type;

[0044] The construction module is used to calculate the landscape pattern index according to the construction objectives. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and to determine the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway based on the landscape pattern index; to establish the artificial waterway landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits; and to evaluate the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial waterway.

[0045] According to a third aspect, a computing device includes:

[0046] one or more processors;

[0047] The storage device is used to store one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method.

[0048] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium stores a program, which implements the method when executed by a processor.

[0049] The above solution of the present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects:

[0050] By using fractal geometry to plan the landscape type, number of patches, patch edge length, and habitat types of artificial waterways, artificial waterways can mimic the complexity and diversity of natural waterways. This diversity not only provides abundant habitats and food sources for aquatic and terrestrial organisms but also enhances ecosystem stability and self-repair capabilities. Calculating landscape pattern indices, such as landscape patchiness, landscape shape, and landscape diversity, facilitates the scientific and rational layout of landscape elements within artificial waterways. Optimizing landscape pattern can improve water flow, reduce the risk of riverbank erosion, and enhance the ecological functions of the waterway, such as purifying water quality and regulating microclimate. Artificial waterways that mimic natural landscape patterns attract a wider variety of organisms to inhabit and reproduce, thereby increasing biodiversity. Increased biodiversity not only enriches the composition of ecosystems but also enhances the value of ecosystem services, such as providing scenic, educational, and scientific research landscapes. The naturalistic landscape design of artificial waterways brings urban water conservancy infrastructure closer to nature, enhances the ecological livability of cities, helps raise public awareness of ecological and environmental protection, and promotes the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in urban development. Through scientific and rational landscape design, artificial waterways can better play their role in flood control and drainage. River channel designs that mimic natural landscapes help slow water flow and increase water retention time, thereby improving a city's flood control and drainage capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern.

[0052] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of a system for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern, the method comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step 11, using fractal geometry theory, determine the objectives of the planned construction. The construction objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type;

[0056] Step 12, according to the construction objectives, calculate the landscape pattern index, which includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and determine the landscape pattern of the artificial river according to the landscape pattern index;

[0057] Step 13, establishing an artificial river landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern of the artificial river, taking into account landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits;

[0058] Step 14: Evaluate the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial river.

[0059] In embodiments of the present invention, fractal geometry theory provides a scientific basis for the planning and construction of artificial waterways, making the determination of landscape types, the setting of patch numbers, and the planning of habitat types more rational and in line with natural laws. Using fractal geometry theory, the edge lengths of patches of various landscape types can be accurately calculated, providing data support for refined landscape design and making the artificial waterway's landscape more natural and harmonious. Guided by ecological benefits, this ensures that planning and construction goals both meet human aesthetic needs and are consistent with the healthy and stable development of the ecosystem. By calculating landscape pattern indices, such as landscape patch size, landscape shape, and landscape diversity, the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway can be quantitatively assessed, providing a data foundation for landscape pattern optimization. The landscape pattern index can serve as an objective basis for comparing different planning schemes, helping decision makers select the optimal landscape pattern. The calculated landscape pattern index can guide the landscape design of artificial waterways, ensuring that the landscape is more consistent with the principles of ecological aesthetics and ecological balance. By establishing an artificial waterway landscape pattern model, complex landscape patterns can be intuitively expressed in a model format, facilitating understanding and communication. The model comprehensively considers landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits, ensuring the scientific nature and sustainability of the artificial waterway landscape pattern.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 11, the objectives of the planned construction are determined by fractal geometry theory. The objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type, including:

[0061] Setting fractal parameters, wherein the fractal parameters include fractal dimension and curvature coefficient;

[0062] According to the given fractal parameters, a series of points are generated based on the iterative function system algorithm to determine the position of the river centerline;

[0063] Adjust the generated river channel plan morphology based on GIS data;

[0064] Set a fractal parameter to describe the cross-sectional roughness;

[0065] According to the fractal parameters, the profile of the river cross section is generated using random fractal algorithm;

[0066] According to the cross-sectional profile and cross-sectional morphology of the river channel, the aquatic habitat can be obtained;

[0067] Adjust the curvature of the river's curved sections based on the simulation results of the computational fluid dynamics model, and plant aquatic plants in the slow-flowing areas formed at the river bends;

[0068] In riverbank design, irregular riverbanks generated by fractal parameters are used to add leisure facilities and landscape forest belts.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, the use of fractal geometry theory to design the form of artificial waterways is a non-obvious innovative technology. Rivers in natural landscape patterns have complex fractal characteristics, and their river boundaries are not simple straight lines or regular curves. In the construction of artificial waterways, the use of fractal mathematical models to simulate the winding, width changes and other forms of natural rivers can better integrate with the surrounding natural environment, and also have advantages in hydraulics, such as reducing water flow velocity and reducing soil erosion. For example, the curvature coefficient and width change law of the river channel are determined according to specific fractal parameters, so that the water flow state of the artificial river channel is closer to that of the natural river, providing a more suitable living environment for aquatic organisms;

[0070] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fractal dimension can quantify the complexity of a river channel's boundaries. For a simple, straight river channel, its fractal dimension is close to 1; for a winding, complex river channel, the fractal dimension is greater than 1. The curvature coefficient represents the ratio of the actual length of the river channel to the straight-line distance. Natural river channels typically have a high curvature coefficient because their meandering shape is formed by a variety of factors, including long-term water erosion and geological conditions.

[0071] Among them, the steps of using fractal parameters to determine the river morphology are:

[0072] S1 sets parameters such as fractal dimension and curvature coefficient, and can use computer algorithms to generate the planar morphology of the river.

[0073] S2 uses an Iterated Function System (IFS) algorithm to generate a series of points based on given fractal parameters to determine the location of the river centerline. The spatial distribution of these points creates a meandering shape characteristic of a natural river channel. Compared to traditional channel designs that use regular geometric shapes (such as straight lines or simple arcs), this fractal-based channel plan more closely resembles the river form found in natural landscapes.

[0074] During the generation process, S3 incorporates Geographic Information System (GIS) data, such as topography and slope, to adjust the generated river channel planform. For example, if the terrain has a certain slope, the bend direction and curvature of the river channel can be optimized based on the principles of gravity and water convergence, making the generated river channel form more consistent with natural hydrological laws. Next, the cross-sectional form of the river channel is determined, and the undulations of the riverbed and the irregularities of the riverbank are simulated using fractal parameters.

[0075] A fractal parameter describing the cross-sectional roughness is set by S4.

[0076] S5 uses a random fractal algorithm to generate the outline of the river cross section. In order to improve the landscape spread and strengthen the connectivity of a certain dominant patch type, it can also increase the area of ​​the dominant patch or reduce the number of grid cells of other adjacent patches.

[0077] S6 designs aquatic habitats based on the generated cross-sectional morphology. For example, areas of varying depth and substrate types are generated at the bottom of the river channel to provide breeding and habitats for aquatic animals such as fish. The channel morphology generated based on fractal parameters then needs to be verified and optimized in conjunction with hydraulic principles. The morphology of natural river channels is adapted to their flow characteristics. Therefore, when simulating near-natural river landscape patterns, it is important to ensure that the generated channel morphology can produce natural flow conditions. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to input the channel geometry model generated by fractal parameters and analyze hydraulic parameters such as flow velocity and water level fluctuations. Furthermore, to improve the Shannon landscape diversity index and increase the richness of habitat types within the proposed artificial river, the biodiversity of plant and bird populations will be enhanced by increasing the species diversity within dominant patches, including increasing the plant and bird populations within those patches, and through the ex situ cultivation of native trees and bird attraction measures.

[0078] Based on the simulation results, the S7 adjusts the curvature of the river's bends to prevent rapid water flow that could cause bank erosion or stagnant water that could create dead zones. This ensures that the simulated river landscape not only resembles nature in form but also mimics its hydraulic function, providing a suitable habitat for aquatic plants and animals.

[0079] S8 further optimizes the river terrain produced by the fractal parameters, specifically by planting aquatic plants in the slow-flow area formed at the bend of the river.

[0080] S9 goes a step further, integrating the river channel morphology simulated by fractal parameters with the surrounding natural landscape. Specifically, in riverbank design, the irregular riverbanks generated by fractal parameters are used to add green infrastructure such as leisure facilities and landscaped forest belts.

[0081] Conduct surveys or investigations on the landscape types, number of patches or the total number of patches in artificial waterways, the edge length of patches of each landscape type, and habitat types of artificial waterways in urban or regional river corridors and river sections to determine the landscape types, number of patches or the total number of patches in artificial waterways, the edge length of patches of each landscape type, and habitat types within the red line of artificial waterway planning and construction;

[0082] Within a city or river basin, the landscape types, number of patches of natural rivers or the total number of patches of artificial rivers, the edge length of patches of each landscape type, and habitat types are investigated or surveyed, and seven landscape pattern indices are calculated: patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index. This allows the landscape types, number of patches or the total number of patches of artificial rivers, the edge length of patches of each landscape type, and habitat types within the red line of artificial river planning and construction to be determined.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 12 calculates the landscape pattern index according to the construction goal. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity. The landscape pattern of the artificial river is determined based on the landscape pattern index, including:

[0084] Step 121, surveying or investigating the construction target, and calculating landscape patches, landscape shapes, and landscape diversity, wherein landscape patches include patch density and maximum patch index, landscape shapes include edge density and landscape shape index, and landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index;

[0085] Step 122, based on the patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index, determine the landscape type, number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial waterway, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type within the artificial waterway planning and construction red line;

[0086] Step 123: Determine the landscape pattern using Fragstats software based on the landscape pattern index.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, by conducting a detailed investigation or survey of the construction target and calculating a series of landscape pattern indices, the current status and potential characteristics of the artificial river landscape can be comprehensively and objectively evaluated; the calculation of landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity makes the analysis of the landscape more refined and can capture subtle differences and changes in the landscape. Based on the landscape pattern index, the landscape type, number of patches and total number of patches within the red line of the artificial river can be accurately planned to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the landscape design. By optimizing the patch edge length and habitat type, the health and stability of the ecosystem can be promoted, biodiversity can be improved, and it is helpful to build a sustainable landscape pattern to meet the ecological and aesthetic needs of the long-term development of the artificial river. Fragstats software is a professional landscape pattern analysis tool that can efficiently and accurately calculate and analyze the landscape pattern index. Based on the analysis results of Fragstats software, more scientific landscape planning and management decisions can be made to improve the overall benefits of the artificial river.

[0088] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after investigating or surveying the local natural river channel, the patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape uniformity index of the natural river channel are calculated according to the following formulas. The landscape pattern index table of the artificial river channel is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] The patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index of natural rivers were calculated according to the formula to obtain the diversity index value. The diversity index value was then used as the background reference value. The landscape type, number of patches or the total number of patches in the artificial river within the planning and construction red line of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type, and the habitat type were determined based on the principle of being higher than the background reference value. The seven landscape pattern indices of local natural rivers - patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index - were investigated or surveyed, and the landscape pattern was determined using Fragstats software.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 121, investigating or surveying the construction target and calculating the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, includes:

[0092] Landscape patch includes patch density and maximum patch index;

[0093] By PD=n i / A calculates the plaque density, where n i is the number of patches of the i-th landscape type or the total number of patches in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and PD refers to the number of patches per hectare, which is used to describe the degree of diversity of landscape types. The larger the PD, the higher the degree of spatial heterogeneity.

[0094] pass Calculate the maximum plaque index, where a ij is the largest patch area of ​​the i-th landscape type or the largest patch area in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and LPI is the largest patch index, which is used to measure the proportion of the largest patch in the entire landscape.

[0095] In the present embodiment, patch density refers to the number of patches per hectare and is used to depict the diversity of landscape types. A larger PD indicates a higher degree of spatial heterogeneity. The maximum patch index measures the proportion of the largest patch in the entire landscape. It helps determine the landscape matrix or dominant type, and its changes reflect the direction and intensity of human activities.

[0096] Patch density, the number of patches per hectare, can intuitively depict the diversity of landscape types. Patch density influences ecological processes within the landscape, such as material circulation, energy flow, and information transfer. High patch density promotes interactions and gene exchange between species, enhancing ecosystem stability and resilience. Patch density serves as an important reference indicator in landscape planning. Adjusting patch density can optimize landscape structure and promote the conservation and development of ecological diversity. Changes in patch density can reflect the dynamics of landscape pattern. Regular monitoring of patch density can provide timely insights into changing trends in landscape pattern, providing a scientific basis for landscape management and conservation. The size and location of the largest patch influence landscape connectivity. A large, continuous largest patch can promote species migration and dispersal, enhancing the ecological function of the landscape. In ecological conservation, the largest patches are often targets for priority protection. By calculating the largest patch index, key ecological areas within the landscape can be identified, providing a scientific basis for ecological protection.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 121, investigating or surveying the construction target and calculating the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, includes:

[0098] Landscape shape includes edge density and landscape shape index;

[0099] pass Calculate edge density, where m is the total number of landscape feature types at a certain spatial resolution within the study area, and p is the total number of landscape feature types at a certain spatial resolution within the study area. ijis the length of the boundary between the i-th type of landscape patch and the adjacent j-th type of landscape feature patch in the landscape, A is the total area of ​​the region, and ED is the edge density, which represents the edge length per unit area in the landscape;

[0100] By LSI=e i / min(e i ) Calculate the landscape shape index, e i is the total edge length of type i in the landscape, min(e i ) is the minimum edge length of landscape type i when the total area is constant and it is aggregated into a simple and compact landscape patch. LSI is the landscape shape index, which indicates the degree of aggregation of the landscape space.

[0101] In this embodiment of the present invention, edge density refers to the length of edges per unit area in a landscape, reflecting the complexity of the landscape's shape. The size of the edge density directly affects the edge effect and species composition. The landscape shape index indicates the degree of spatial aggregation within a landscape and can also indicate the complexity of the landscape's shape.

[0102] Edge density provides a specific numerical metric for quantifying landscape edge characteristics, helping to more accurately understand the boundaries between different landscape elements. Edges are important areas for ecological interactions, such as species migration and energy flow. A high edge density may indicate more opportunities for ecological interactions, positively impacting ecosystem stability and function. Edge density can serve as a key reference indicator for landscape management. By adjusting edge density, landscape structure can be optimized, promoting the conservation and development of biodiversity while mitigating the negative impacts of edge effects. Changes in edge density can reflect the dynamics of landscape pattern, particularly the relative positions and relationships between different landscape elements. Regular monitoring of edge density can provide timely insights into changing trends in landscape pattern, providing a scientific basis for landscape planning and adjustment. By calculating the landscape shape index, overly dispersed or overly concentrated areas within the landscape can be identified, enabling optimization of landscape configuration and enhancing its aesthetic value and ecological function. Compact landscape shape promotes ecological connectivity, as shorter edge lengths mean less resistance to species migration within the landscape. Therefore, by adjusting the landscape shape index, ecological connectivity can be enhanced. The landscape shape index can serve as a key reference indicator in landscape planning. By considering the landscape shape index, a more reasonable, compact and eco-friendly landscape pattern can be designed.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 121, investigating or surveying the construction target and calculating the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, includes:

[0104] Landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index and Shannon landscape evenness index;

[0105] pass Calculate the landscape spread index, where m is the total number of patch types, P i is the proportion of the landscape area occupied by patch type i, g ik is the number of adjacent grid cells between patch types i and k, CONTAG is the landscape contagion index, which describes the degree of agglomeration or extension trend of different patch types in the landscape;

[0106] pass Calculate the Shannon landscape diversity index, where p i is the area proportion of landscape type i in the landscape, m is the total number of landscape types, and SHDI is the Shannon landscape diversity index;

[0107] pass Calculate the Shannon landscape evenness index, where p i is the area proportion of landscape type i in the landscape, m is the total number of landscape types, and SHEI is the Shannon landscape evenness index.

[0108] In this embodiment of the present invention, the landscape spread index describes the degree of aggregation or spread of different patch types within a landscape. Generally speaking, a high spread index indicates good connectivity among a dominant patch type within the landscape. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index is a sensitive indicator. For example, within a landscape system, the richer the habitat types, the higher the calculated SHDI value.

[0109] The landscape spread index can be used to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of patch types within a landscape and determine whether they tend to cluster or disperse. In landscape planning, the spread index serves as an important reference, helping to plan a more natural and coherent landscape pattern, enhancing the ecological connectivity and overall aesthetic quality of the landscape. Regularly calculating the landscape spread index can monitor dynamic changes in the landscape pattern and promptly identify trends in the clustering or dispersion of patch types within the landscape, providing a scientific basis for landscape management and conservation. A higher Shannon landscape diversity index indicates a greater diversity of species within the landscape. Diversity indices are closely related to ecosystem stability. High diversity generally indicates greater resilience and ability to cope with external disturbances. The Shannon landscape diversity index can be used to identify areas of high diversity. The Shannon landscape evenness index assesses the evenness of the distribution of species within a landscape. A higher index indicates a more even distribution of species within the landscape, with no apparent dominant species. Calculating the evenness index can identify areas of uneven distribution of species within the landscape, thereby optimizing landscape configuration and improving its overall harmony and aesthetic quality.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 13, based on the landscape pattern of the artificial river, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits, establishes an artificial river landscape pattern model, including:

[0111] Landscape heterogeneity includes longitudinal heterogeneity, lateral heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity;

[0112] Ecological benefits include habitat function, filtering and barrier effects, and source-sink effects;

[0113] According to the landscape pattern, landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits of artificial waterways, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model is constructed.

[0114] In an embodiment of the present invention, by incorporating longitudinal heterogeneity, lateral heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity into the artificial river landscape pattern model, the spatial structure and ecological characteristics of the artificial river can be more comprehensively reflected. Ecological benefit indicators such as habitat function, filtration and barrier effects, and source-sink effects are explicitly considered in the model, which helps to optimize the design of artificial rivers to maximize their ecological value. Through model-guided design, artificial rivers can better provide habitats for aquatic organisms, effectively filter pollutants, and serve as a source or sink of matter and energy in the ecosystem, thereby promoting the health and stability of the ecosystem. The artificial river landscape pattern model provides a scientific basis and guidance for the construction and renovation of artificial rivers.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above step 14, evaluating the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial waterway, includes: monitoring and collecting data for each type of landscape element to evaluate the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial waterway.

[0116] In specific embodiments of the present invention, monitoring and data collection can accurately and in real time reflect changes in various landscape elements of artificial waterways, including water quality and flow, riverbank stability and erosion, vegetation growth and coverage, and the use and aging of artificial facilities. Based on this detailed monitoring data, management decisions for artificial waterways can be made and adjusted more scientifically. Through continuous monitoring and data collection, potential anomalies or risks in artificial waterway ecosystems can be promptly identified.

[0117] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system 20 for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern, comprising:

[0118] Planning module 21 is used to determine the objectives of the planned construction through fractal geometry theory. The objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type.

[0119] Construction module 22 is used to calculate the landscape pattern index according to the construction objectives. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and to determine the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway based on the landscape pattern index; to establish the artificial waterway landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern of the artificial waterway, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits; and to evaluate the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial waterway.

[0120] In a specific example of the present invention:

[0121] First, to protect the landscapes of forested land, cultivated land, and river islands, a fractal Brownian motion model was used in these three types of river sections to simulate near-natural river channels with self-similarity and long-range correlation. In the simulation of river cross-sectional morphology, it can be used to generate shapes with natural textures and irregularities. The model uses a parameter, H (Hurst exponent), to control the fractal properties. The H value ranges from 0 to 1. The larger the H value, the smoother the surface, and vice versa. The steps include:

[0122] S1 determines the parameters of the model, including the Hurst exponent and the size range of the cross section (such as width and depth). For example, a Hurst exponent of 0.6 indicates that the generated cross section is relatively smooth.

[0123] S2 uses a computer algorithm to generate a height field based on the FBM. This height field can be viewed as a two-dimensional matrix, where each element represents the height of a point along the cross section. By properly processing and visualizing this height field, the cross-sectional profile of the river channel can be obtained.

[0124] S3 adjusts the generated contour based on actual engineering requirements and geological conditions. For example, if the geological conditions indicate that there is bedrock at the bottom of the river channel, a corresponding flat area can be set in the generated contour to represent the bedrock part.

[0125] When simulating the cross-section of a river in a mountain forest, a smaller Hurst exponent (such as 0.4) may be selected because the river in a mountain forest is greatly affected by the geological structure and water flow difference. In this way, the cross-sectional shape generated will be rougher, with more ups and downs and steep slopes, which is more in line with the complex terrain formed by the natural river in the mountain forest due to rock scouring and sediment accumulation.

[0126] Next, based on the basic principles of fractal geometry, other types of land, such as construction land and grassland, are randomly generated according to certain rules to construct shapes with fractal characteristics. When determining the cross-sectional morphology of the river channel, a fractal dimension (D) is first set to control the roughness or complexity of the cross-section. For example, the fractal dimension ranges from 1 to 2, and the larger the D value, the more complex the cross-sectional morphology. The steps include:

[0127] S4 sets the initial conditions, including the approximate width and depth range of the cross section. For example, the maximum width of the river cross section is determined to be 10 meters and the maximum depth is 3 meters.

[0128] Based on the selected fractal dimension, the S5 generates a series of control points using algorithms such as random midpoint displacement. For example, to generate the contour of a riverbed in a simple one-dimensional case, two endpoints are first determined at either end of the cross section. Then, at the midpoint between these two endpoints, the height of this midpoint is determined based on a random rule and the fractal dimension. This height is typically determined by taking into account the height difference between adjacent points and a random factor to increase the complexity of the morphology.

[0129] S6 repeats the above midpoint displacement steps multiple times to gradually generate enough control points to outline the bottom of the river. A similar method can be used for the two banks of the river, but the operation is performed in the vertical direction to generate the irregular contour of the river bank.

[0130] Specifically, a riverbed cross-section profile with a fractal dimension of 1.5 was generated on the construction site. Initially, the cross-section length was set to 20 meters, with the height of its two endpoints set to 0 meters. After multiple midpoint displacement operations, a rugged bottom profile with localized depressions and protrusions in the center was obtained. These features resemble the complex topography formed by long-term erosion and sedimentation at the bottom of a natural riverbed.

[0131] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an artificial river channel imitating a natural landscape pattern, characterized in that: The method comprises: Through fractal geometry theory, the objectives of the planned construction are determined. The construction objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type, including: setting fractal parameters, wherein the fractal parameters include fractal dimension and curvature coefficient; based on the given fractal parameters, a series of points are generated based on the iterative function system algorithm to determine the position of the river centerline; according to the geographic information system data, the generated river plane morphology is adjusted; a fractal parameter describing the cross-sectional roughness is set; based on the fractal parameters, the profile of the river cross section is generated using a random fractal algorithm; based on the profile and cross-sectional morphology of the river cross section, an aquatic habitat is obtained; according to the simulation results of the computational fluid dynamics model, the curvature of the curved part of the river is adjusted, and aquatic plants are planted in the slow flow area formed at the river bend; in the river bank design, the irregular river bank line generated by the fractal parameters is used to increase leisure facilities and landscape forest belts; According to the construction objectives, calculate the landscape pattern index, which includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and determine the landscape pattern of the artificial river according to the landscape pattern index; Based on the landscape pattern of artificial waterways, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model is established, including: landscape heterogeneity includes longitudinal heterogeneity, lateral heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity; ecological benefits include habitat function, filtering and barrier effects, and source-sink effects; based on the landscape pattern, landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits of artificial waterways, an artificial waterway landscape pattern model is constructed; Assess changes in various landscape elements of artificial waterways.

2. The method for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the construction objectives, the landscape pattern index is calculated. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity. Based on the landscape pattern index, the landscape pattern of the artificial river is determined, including: Conduct surveys or investigations on the construction objectives and calculate landscape patches, landscape shapes, and landscape diversity. Landscape patches include patch density and maximum patch index, landscape shapes include edge density and landscape shape index, and landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index, and Shannon landscape evenness index. Based on the patch density, maximum patch index, edge density, landscape shape index, landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index and Shannon landscape evenness index, the landscape type, number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial waterway, the edge length of each landscape type and the habitat type within the red line of the artificial waterway planning and construction are determined; The landscape pattern was determined using Fragstats software based on the landscape pattern index.

3. The method for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern according to claim 2, characterized in that: Conduct surveys or investigations on the construction objectives and calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including: Landscape patch includes patch density and maximum patch index; By PD=n i / A calculates the plaque density, where n i is the number of patches of the i-th landscape type or the total number of patches in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and PD refers to the number of patches per hectare, which is used to describe the degree of diversity of landscape types. The larger the PD, the higher the degree of spatial heterogeneity. pass Calculate the maximum plaque index, where a ij is the largest patch area of ​​the i-th landscape type or the largest patch area in the study area, A is the total area of ​​the region, and LPI is the largest patch index, which is used to measure the proportion of the largest patch in the entire landscape.

4. The method for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern according to claim 3, characterized in that: Conduct surveys or investigations on the construction objectives and calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including: Landscape shape includes edge density and landscape shape index; pass Calculate the edge density, where m is the total number of landscape element types at a certain spatial resolution within the study area, n is the number of patches of the i-th landscape element type at a certain spatial resolution within the study area, and p ij is the length of the boundary between the i-th type of landscape patch and the adjacent j-th type of landscape feature patch in the landscape, A is the total area of ​​the region, and ED is the edge density, which represents the edge length per unit area in the landscape; By LSI=e i / min(e i ) Calculate the landscape shape index, e i is the total edge length of type i in the landscape, min(e i ) is the minimum edge length of landscape type i when the total area is constant and it is aggregated into a simple and compact landscape patch. LSI is the landscape shape index, which indicates the degree of aggregation of the landscape space.

5. The method for constructing an artificial river channel simulating a natural landscape pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that: Conduct surveys or investigations on the construction objectives and calculate the landscape patches, landscape shapes and landscape diversity, including: Landscape diversity includes landscape spread index, Shannon landscape diversity index and Shannon landscape evenness index; pass Calculate the landscape spread index, where m is the total number of patch types, P i is the proportion of the landscape area occupied by patch type i, g ik is the number of adjacent grid cells between patch types i and k, and CONTAG is the landscape contagion index, which describes the degree of agglomeration or extension trend of different patch types in the landscape.

6. A system for constructing an artificial river channel that simulates a natural landscape pattern, characterized in that: include: The planning module is used to determine the objectives of the planned construction through fractal geometry theory. The construction objectives include the landscape type of the artificial river, the number of patches or the total number of patches of the artificial river, the edge length of each landscape type patch, and the habitat type, including: setting fractal parameters, wherein the fractal parameters include fractal dimension and curvature coefficient; based on the given fractal parameters, generating a series of points based on the iterative function system algorithm to determine the position of the river centerline; adjusting the generated river plane morphology according to geographic information system data; setting a fractal parameter that describes the roughness of the cross section; based on the fractal parameters, generating the outline of the river cross section using a random fractal algorithm; obtaining the aquatic habitat based on the outline and cross-sectional morphology of the river cross section; adjusting the curvature of the curved part of the river according to the simulation results of the computational fluid dynamics model, and planting aquatic plants in the slow flow area formed at the river bend; using the irregular river bank line generated by the fractal parameters in the river bank design to add leisure facilities and landscape forest belts; The construction module is used to calculate the landscape pattern index according to the construction objectives. The landscape pattern index includes landscape patches, landscape shape and landscape diversity, and determine the landscape pattern of the artificial river based on the landscape pattern index; establish the artificial river landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern of the artificial river, with reference to landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits; evaluate the changes in various landscape elements of the artificial river, including: landscape heterogeneity including longitudinal heterogeneity, lateral heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity; ecological benefits including habitat function, filtering and barrier effects and source-sink effects; and construct the artificial river landscape pattern model based on the landscape pattern, landscape heterogeneity and ecological benefits of the artificial river.

7. A computing device, characterized in that include: one or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a program, which implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executed by a processor.

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