A process model system for simulating HONO flux in an ecosystem and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a process model system for simulating the HONO flux of an ecosystem and a construction method thereof, which relates to the technical field of soil nitrogen cycling processes. Based on the current version of the hydrological-biogeochemical process model (CNMM-DNDC), the present invention designs a scientific process simulation mechanism for the generation and consumption of HONO in soil and the HONO exchange at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface at the source code level. The above-mentioned newly added process source code is seamlessly coupled with the soil nitrogen cycling process module of the current version of the CNMM-DNDC model, obtaining an improved version of the CNMM-DNDC model execution program, which makes up for the blank that the existing biogeochemical process models do not have the simulation function of the generation and consumption of HONO in soil and its transport at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil nitrogen cycling processes, and particularly relates to a process model system for simulating HONO fluxes in an ecosystem and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Human survival and food security have long relied on the input of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems. However, the widespread and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers has led to a sharp increase in the active nitrogen (Nr) gases emitted by the soil, including ammonia (NH 3 ), gaseous nitrous acid (HONO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), causing a serious imbalance in the soil nitrogen cycle and the nitrogen balance among the soil-plant-atmosphere, leading to a series of severe environmental problems such as water eutrophication, water acidification, global warming, and air pollution, which threaten human health and the ecological systems on which humans depend for survival.

[0003] HONO is one of the important precursors of the strong oxidant hydroxyl radical (OH) in the atmosphere. Its daytime photolysis can contribute up to more than 60% to the OH radical, playing an important role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants and the formation of secondary pollutants. In addition, HONO can also damage human health, not only invading the mucous membranes and lung function of humans, but also acting as a precursor of carcinogens (nitroamines) in the human lungs. The concentration of HONO is relatively low (about 1 ppbv) in clean areas such as the countryside, while it can be as high as 8 ppbv in heavily polluted areas such as cities. Usually, HONO accumulates continuously at night, and its concentration drops to the lowest (about 0.001 ppbv) at noon or afternoon under the daytime photolysis effect. Recent studies have found that relatively high HONO concentrations have also been observed even during the day. The only known important gas-phase source of HONO is the homogeneous reaction between NO and OH radicals. The main sink during the day is the photolysis of HONO, generating NO and OH radicals. The above-known homogeneous reaction between NO and OH radicals is not sufficient to explain the high daytime concentration level and the diurnal variation curve of HONO observed in the atmosphere, indicating that there are still unknown important sources and mechanisms of HONO.

[0004] There are research reports that soil microbial activities in ecosystems, especially fertilized farmlands, will emit a large amount of Nr gases into the atmosphere. The soil is an important source of atmospheric HONO. The research on soil HONO emissions at home and abroad has developed from laboratory measurements to more in-situ direct measurements in the field. However, it is difficult to simultaneously quantify and study the soil Nr emission characteristics, generation mechanisms, and interrelationships in typical ecosystems under complex natural conditions or the influence of human activities only through field in-situ experiments.

[0005] The method of organically combining process model simulation with advanced experimental measurement methods may be able to make up for the above deficiencies of in-situ field measurement, help clarify the synchronous emission mechanism of soil Nr in typical ecosystems under different environmental conditions and human activities in various regions, and achieve accurate quantification of its characteristics. Among them, the Coupled Nitrogen and Methane Model - DeNitrification-DeComposition (CNMM-DNDC) model is a three-dimensional model that can simulate the interactions of carbon-nitrogen-water cycles. This model seamlessly couples the core carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical processes of the DNDC model, including organic matter decomposition and nitrification, denitrification, and fermentation, into the distributed eco-hydrological process framework of the CNMM (Catchment Nutrient Management Model), the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM, an internationally open-source distributed three-dimensional hydrological model), thereby realizing three-dimensional simulations of the carbon-nitrogen-water interaction processes in various ecosystems under different conditions with high temporal (3 hours), high spatial (customizable from 1 meter to 1 kilometer), and high process (major carbon and nitrogen transformation chemical reactions and physical migration pathways of gaseous and liquid components) resolutions. Since the first version of CNMM-DNDC was published in 2018, the model has undergone various internal scientific process improvements and simulation function expansions, and has completed a fine-scale description of the full coupling of the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. These model function improvements include the introduction of freeze-thaw mechanisms, the creation of a new mechanism for simulating the impact of aluminum metabolism in Theaceae plants on the soil pH in tea plantations, the construction of a new mechanism for simulating ammonia volatilization in surface aquatic ecosystems, the improvement of the first-order kinetic simulation mechanism for ammonia volatilization in drylands, and the introduction of soil erosion and particulate carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus migration simulation mechanisms. So far, the current version of CNMM-DNDC has passed extensive comprehensive test validations for ecosystems of different bioclimatic zone types from the tropics to the cold temperate zone, and has carried out simulation tests or practical applications of multiple sustainable development goal characterization variables related to ecosystem carbon-nitrogen cycles in 15 regions or basins, demonstrating good universality and reliability in simulating carbon-nitrogen water cycle processes such as soil physical and chemical conditions, ecosystem productivity, evapotranspiration, soil and water loss, hydraulic nitrogen loss, carbon-nitrogen greenhouse gas, and pollutant gas emissions in typical ecosystems of different bioclimatic zones. It has passed the reliability verification of in-situ test data on Nr emissions in different ecosystem types, and has achieved the reliability verification of CNMM-DNDC for the simulation of NH 2 emissions in typical ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and farmlands by using the NO and / or N 3 O emission flux data of 2 various typical ecosystems.

[0006] In recent years, both in-situ field tests and the self-developed carbon-nitrogen biogeochemical process model CNMM-DNDC have made breakthrough progress in the soil Nr emission mechanism and its interrelationships. Among them, in-situ field tests of soil Nr (especially 15In situ N isotope tracing and in situ measurement of soil HONO) have achieved many technological breakthroughs and made progress in mechanism research. The independent carbon-nitrogen biogeochemical process model CNMM-DNDC has realized the high-resolution synchronous simulation of Nr (including NH 3 , NO and N 2 O) emissions in typical ecosystems. However, the existing CNMM-DNDC models do not have the simulation function of the generation and consumption of HONO in the soil and its transport at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of ecosystem nitrogen cycle and atmospheric chemistry research so far. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a process model system for simulating HONO flux in an ecosystem and a construction method thereof. The process model system for simulating HONO flux in an ecosystem constructed by the present invention (improved CNMM-DNDC) has the functions of simulating the generation and consumption of HONO in the soil and the transport of HONO at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface.

[0008] To achieve the above invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a construction method for a process model system for simulating HONO flux in an ecosystem, including the following steps:

[0010] Measure the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtain the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere according to Equation I from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0011] Equation I;

[0012] In Equation I, F s is the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0013] Measure the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtain the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit land surface area according to Equation II from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0014] Formula II;

[0015] In Formula II, U p is the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; K p is the rate constant for the absorption of HONO per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation value at each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; T 0 is 273.15K; P 0 is 1013hPa; P is the atmospheric pressure, with the unit of hPa;

[0016] The reference flux for testing the emission of HONO per unit plant leaf area. From the reference flux for the emission of HONO per unit plant leaf area, the emission flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area is obtained according to Formula III;

[0017] Formula III;

[0018] In Formula III, F p is the emission flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f T is the influence function of the ambient temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f con is the influence function of the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f RH is the influence function of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; F ref is the reference flux for the emission of HONO per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of kg·N·m -2LAI·h -1 ; LAI is the leaf area index of plants, and the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted;

[0019] The HONO net exchange flux between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere is obtained according to Equation IV from the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, the HONO absorption flux of plants per unit ground surface area, and the HONO emission flux of plants per unit ground surface area;

[0020] Equation IV;

[0021] In Equation IV, F HONO is the HONO net exchange flux between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 .

[0022] Preferably, the method for obtaining the HONO concentration in the surface soil gas phase includes the following steps:

[0023] The concentrations of H l and NO + in the 2 - layer of soil solution are obtained from the dynamic simulation results of the CNMM-DNDC model;

[0024] From the concentrations of H l and NO + in the 2 - layer of soil solution, the concentration of HNO l in the 2 layer of soil solution is obtained according to Equation 1;

[0025] Equation 1;

[0026] In Equation 1, [HNO 2 aq(l) is the concentration of HNO l in the 2 layer of soil solution, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 ; [H + l is the concentration of H l in the + layer of soil solution, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [NO 2 - l is the​​​l The concentration of NO in the soil solution of the 2 - layer, in units of mol·L -1 ;

[0027] Obtain the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase of the l layer from Equation 2;

[0028] Equation 2;

[0029] In Equation 2, is the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase of the l layer, in units of Pa; H n(l) is HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer soil layer, and the Henry constant in units of L·Pa·mol -1 ;

[0030] Obtain Equation 3 according to the said Equation 1 and Equation 2;

[0031] Equation 3;

[0032] From the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase of the said l layer, obtain the concentration of HONO in the soil gas phase of the l layer according to Equation 4;

[0033] Equation 4;

[0034] In Equation 4, [HONO] g(l) is the concentration of HONO in the soil gas phase of the l layer, in units of mol·L -1 ; T s(l) is the soil temperature of the l layer, in units of K; R is the universal gas constant, and its value is 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ;

[0035] From the concentrations of HONO in the soil gas phases of the said l layer and the ( l -1) layer, obtain the diffusion rate of HONO in the soil gas phase of the l layer to the ( l -1) soil layer according to Equation 5;

[0036] Equation 5;

[0037] In Formula 5, dF (l) is the diffusion rate of HONO from the l th layer of the soil to the ( l -1)th layer; [HONO] g(l) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l th layer of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(l-1) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the ( l -1)th layer of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ;

[0038] The diffusion rate of HONO from the l th layer of the soil to the ( l -1)th layer is updated layer by layer through at least 5 iterations until the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of the soil to the surface layer is calculated. Based on the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of the soil to the surface layer and the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer soil, the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer soil is obtained according to Formula 6;

[0039] Formula 6;

[0040] In Formula 6, [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) is the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; dF 1 is the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of the soil to the surface layer.

[0041] Preferably, the method for obtaining the dissociation equilibrium constant of the said HNO 2 includes the following steps: From the temperature of the l th layer of the soil, the dissociation equilibrium constant is obtained according to Formula 7;

[0042] Formula 7;

[0043] In Formula 7, k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 ; T s(l) is the temperature of the l th layer of the soil, with the unit of K; K a(298K) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 at normal temperature; Δ H HNO2is the standard molar enthalpy of formation for the dissociation of HNO at normal temperature and pressure 2 with the unit of kJ·mol -1 ; R is the universal gas constant, with a value of 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ;

[0044] The method for obtaining the Henry's constant of the described HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer of soil includes the following steps: from the temperature of the l layer of soil, obtain the Henry's constant of the described HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer of soil;

[0045] Equation 8;

[0046] In Equation 8, H n(l) is the Henry's constant of HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer of soil, with the unit of L·Pa·mol -1 ; T s(l) is the temperature of the l layer of soil, with the unit of K; H n(298K) is the equilibrium distribution Henry's constant of HNO 2 between the aqueous and gaseous phases of the soil at normal temperature, with the unit of L·Pa·mol -1 ; Δ H HONO is the standard molar enthalpy of formation for the equilibrium distribution reaction of HONO from the soil liquid phase to the gas phase at normal temperature and pressure, with the unit of kJ·mol -1 ; R is the universal gas constant.

[0047] Preferably, the method for obtaining the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere includes the following steps:

[0048] From the aerodynamic damping, quasi-laminar layer damping, and surface damping, obtain the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere according to Equation 9;

[0049] Equation 9;

[0050] In Equation 9, v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 ; Ra is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; R s is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ;

[0051] The method for obtaining the aerodynamic damping includes the following steps: measuring the reference height of the HONO flux, and obtaining the aerodynamic damping according to Equation 10 from the reference height of the HONO flux and the surface roughness height;

[0052] Equation 10;

[0053] In Equation 10, R a is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m; z ref is the reference height for measuring the HONO flux, with the unit of m; u is the friction velocity, with the unit of m·s -1 ; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is 0.4;

[0054] The method for obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping includes the following steps: obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping according to Equation 11 from the Schmidt number, Prandtl number, von Kármán constant, and friction velocity;

[0055] Equation 11;

[0056] In Equation 11, R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; S c is the Schmidt number, and its value is 1.07; P r is the Prandtl number, and its value is 0.72; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is 0.4; u is the friction velocity, with the unit of m·s -1 ;

[0057] The method for obtaining the surface damping includes the following steps: obtaining the surface damping according to Equation 12 from the surface soil moisture;

[0058] Equation 12;

[0059] In Equation 12,R s is the surface damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, with the unit of v / v.

[0060] Preferably, the method for obtaining the friction wind speed includes the following steps:

[0061] Test the wind speed at the reference height of the HONO flux, and obtain the friction wind speed according to Equation 13 from the wind speed at the reference height and the wind speed at the surface roughness height:

[0062] Equation 13;

[0063] In Equation 13, u is the friction wind speed, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u 0 is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m; z ref is the reference height, with the unit of m; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is 0.4;

[0064] The method for obtaining the surface roughness height includes the following steps:

[0065] Obtain the average vegetation height from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, and obtain the surface roughness height according to Equation 14 from the average vegetation height:

[0066] Equation 14;

[0067] In Equation 14, z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m; H p is the average vegetation height, with the unit of m.

[0068] Preferably, the method for obtaining the influence function of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area includes the following steps:

[0069] Test the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, and obtain the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area according to Equation 15 from the ambient temperature:

[0070] Formula 15;

[0071] In Formula 15, K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, with the unit of K.

[0072] Preferably, the method for obtaining the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves includes the following steps:

[0073] Obtain the leaf area index from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, obtain the default value of the maximum leaf area index, and obtain the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Formula 16 from the leaf area index and the maximum leaf area index;

[0074] Formula 16;

[0075] In Formula 16, f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves, LAI is the plant leaf area index, and LAI max is the maximum leaf area index.

[0076] Preferably, the method for obtaining the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves includes the following steps:

[0077] Obtain the surface soil moisture from the calculation results of the soil environment module of CNMM-DNDC, obtain the model input parameter of the surface soil porosity, and obtain the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Formula 17 from the surface soil moisture and the surface soil porosity;

[0078] Formula 17;

[0079] In Formula 17, f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, with the unit of v / v; PORE s(1) is the surface soil porosity, with the unit of v / v.

[0080] Preferably, the method for obtaining the influence function of the ambient temperature on the generation rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves includes the following steps:

[0081] Measure the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground. From the ambient temperature, obtain the influence function of the ambient temperature on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 18;

[0082] Equation 18;

[0083] In Equation 18, f T is the influence function of the ambient temperature on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, with the unit of K;

[0084] The NO in the atmosphere 2 The method for obtaining the influence function of the concentration on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface includes the following steps:

[0085] Measure the concentration of NO in the atmosphere. From the concentration of NO in the atmosphere, obtain the influence function of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19; 2 The concentration of NO in the atmosphere 2 The concentration of NO in the atmosphere, according to Equation 19, obtain the influence function of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; 2

[0086] Equation 19;

[0087] In Equation 19, f con is the influence function of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; [NO 2 concentration, unit is mol·L 2 a is the concentration of NO in the atmosphere 2 concentration, unit is mol·L -1 ;

[0088] The method for obtaining the influence function of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface includes the following steps:

[0089] Measure the ambient relative humidity. From the ambient relative humidity, obtain the influence function of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 20;

[0090] Equation 20;

[0091] In Equation 20, f RH is the influence function of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; RH is the ambient relative humidity, unit is %.

[0092] The present invention also provides a process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem obtained by the construction method described in the above technical solution.​

[0093] Based on the current version of the hydrological-biogeochemical process model (CNMM-DNDC), the present invention designs a scientific process simulation mechanism for the generation and consumption of HONO in soil and the HONO exchange at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface at the source code level, as well as new processes and their source code programs, and seamlessly couples them with the soil nitrogen cycling process of the current version of the CNMM-DNDC model, obtaining an improved version of the CNMM-DNDC model execution program. The process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem constructed by the present invention (improved CNMM-DNDC) has the function of simulating the generation and consumption of HONO in soil and the HONO exchange at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface, filling the gap that the existing biogeochemical process models do not have the function of simulating the generation and consumption of HONO in soil and its transport at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface. Description of the Drawings

[0094] Figure 1 The diagram of the newly added soil HONO generation and consumption mechanism and emission and absorption process in the present invention based on the current version of CNMM-DNDC;

[0095] Figure 2 The diagram of the simulation result of the HONO emission flux under the process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem constructed by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0096] The present invention provides a method for constructing a process model system for simulating the HONO flux of an ecosystem, including the following steps:

[0097] Measure the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtain the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere according to Equation I based on the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0098] Equation I;

[0099] In Equation I, F s is the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 ;

[0100] Measure the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtain the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere according to Equation II;

[0101] Equation II;

[0102] In Equation II, U p is the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, adopting the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; T 0 is 273.15K; P 0 is 1013hPa; P is the atmospheric pressure, with the unit of hPa;

[0103] Measure the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area, and obtain the emission flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area from the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area according to Equation III;

[0104] Equation III;

[0105] In Equation III, F p is the emission flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f T is the influence function of the ambient temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f con is the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f RHis the function of the effect of environmental relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; F ref is the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of kg·N·m -2 LAI·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted;

[0106] The net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere is obtained according to Equation IV from the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, the absorption flux of HONO by the plants per unit ground surface area, and the emission flux of HONO by the plants per unit ground surface area;

[0107] Equation IV;

[0108] In Equation IV, F HONO is the net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 .

[0109] The meanings and sources of the various parameters used in each calculation formula in the present invention are shown in Tables 1-2. Among them, the calculated values of the present model are the values calculated by the process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem constructed by the present invention, and the simulated values of the original model are the values calculated by the current version of CNMM-DNDC.

[0110] Table 1 Meanings and sources of the various parameters used in each calculation formula

[0111]

[0112] Table 2 Meanings and sources of the various parameters used in each calculation formula

[0113]

[0114] First, the dynamic equilibrium function of the liquid-phase chemistry for constructing hydrogen ions (H + ) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 - ) will be described below.

[0115] Nitrous acid HNO 2 is highly water-soluble and can undergo dissociation reactions in each layer of the soil to generate NO 2 - and H + ions, but this is a reversible reaction. NO 2 - and H +Ions can also combine to form HNO 2 molecules (① in Reaction 1), and HNO 2 molecules are distributed between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the soil pores (② in Reaction 1), and this reversible distribution process obeys Henry's law.

[0116] Reaction 1.

[0117] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the concentration of HNO l in the soil solution of the 2 layer preferably includes the following steps: obtaining the concentrations of H l and NO + from the dynamic simulation results of the CNMM-DNDC model; obtaining the concentration of HNO 2 - in the soil solution of the l layer according to Equation 1 from the concentrations of H + and NO 2 - in the soil solution of the l layer; 2

[0118] Equation 1;

[0119] In Equation 1, [HNO 2 aq(l) is the concentration of HNO l in the soil solution of the 2 layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 ; [H + l is the concentration of H l in the soil solution of the + layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [NO 2 - l is the concentration of NO l in the soil solution of the 2 - layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 .

[0120] The establishment of the HONO gas-liquid equilibrium function based on Henry's law is described below.

[0121] The equilibrium distribution of HNO 2 between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the soil pores of each soil layer can be calculated by Henry's law.

[0122] ​​​​According to the ideal gas state equation, the l HONO concentration ([HONO] g(l) ) in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil can be calculated using the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the

[0123] th layer of soil.

[0124] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the HONO concentration in the gas phase of the surface soil preferably includes the following steps: l Obtain the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the

[0125] th layer of soil from Equation 2;

[0126] In Equation 2, is the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil, with the unit of Pa; H n(l) is the Henry's constant of HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l th layer of soil, with the unit of L·Pa·mol -1 ;

[0127] Obtain Equation 3 according to the said Equation 1 and Equation 2;

[0128] Equation 3;

[0129] According to the ideal gas state equation, obtain the HONO concentration in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil from the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil according to Equation 4;

[0130] Equation 4;

[0131] In Equation 4, [HONO] g(l) is the HONO concentration in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; T s(l) is the temperature of the l th layer of soil, with the unit of K; R is the universal gas constant, with the value of 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ;

[0132] The lThe concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the soil layer can move between soil layers through diffusion under the drive of the concentration gradient and is finally released into the atmosphere through the soil surface layer; from the l layer and the l -1) layer of the soil gas phase, the diffusion rate of HONO from the l layer of the soil gas phase to the l -1) soil layer is obtained according to Equation 5;

[0133] Equation 5;

[0134] In Equation 5, dF (l) is the diffusion rate of HONO from the l layer of the soil to the l -1) layer; [HONO] g(l) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l layer of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(l-1) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l -1) layer of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 .

[0135] From the diffusion rate of HONO from the l layer of the soil to the l -1) layer, through at least 5 iterative updates, layer-by-layer calculation is performed until the diffusion rate of HONO from the second layer of the soil to the surface layer (the first layer) is calculated. From the above diffusion rate of HONO from the second layer of the soil to the surface layer (the first layer) and the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface soil layer, the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface soil layer is obtained according to Equation 6;

[0136] Equation 6;

[0137] In Equation 6, [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer (the first layer) of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) is the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer (the first layer) of the soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; dF 1 is the diffusion rate of HONO from the second layer of the soil to the surface layer.

[0138] In the present invention, according to the Arrhenius empirical equation of the relationship between the chemical reaction rate constant and temperature, H n(l) and k a(l)can all be expressed as functions of soil temperature T s(l) functions.

[0139] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 preferably includes the following steps: from the soil temperature of the l layer, obtain the dissociation equilibrium constant according to Equation 7;

[0140] Equation 7;

[0141] In Equation 7, k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 ; T s(l) is the soil temperature of the l layer; K a(298K) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 at normal temperature; Δ H HNO2 is the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the dissociation of HNO 2 under normal temperature and pressure; R is the universal gas constant. In the present invention, the soil temperature of the l layer preferably adopts the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC.

[0142] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the Henry constant of HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer soil layer preferably includes the following steps: The method for obtaining the Henry constant of HNO H n(l) under the reaction environmental conditions of the soil 2 layer includes the following steps: from the soil temperature of the l layer, obtain the Henry constant of HNO l under the reaction environmental conditions of the 2 layer soil layer according to Equation 8; l layer;

[0143] Equation 8;

[0144] In Equation 8, H n(l) is the Henry constant of HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the soil l layer, with the unit of L·Pa·mol -1 ; T s(l) is the soil temperature of the l layer, with the unit of K; Hn(298K) is HNO at normal temperature 2 The equilibrium partition Henry constant between the soil aqueous and gas phases, with the unit of L·Pa·mol -1 ; Δ H HONO is the standard molar formation enthalpy of the equilibrium partition reaction of HONO from the soil liquid phase to the gas phase under normal temperature and pressure, with the unit of kJ·mol -1 ; R is the universal gas constant. In the present invention, the l layer soil temperature is preferably the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC.

[0145] In the present invention, the K a(298K) is preferably 5.1×10 -4 , H n(298K) is preferably 2.08×10 -3 L·Pa·mol -1 , ΔH HNO2 is preferably -118.83 kJ·mol -1 , Δ H HONO is preferably 1423.5 kJ·mol -1 , R is the universal gas constant, and its value is 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 . The l layer soil temperature in Formula 4, Formula 7 and Formula 8 T s(l) adopts the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC.

[0146] The following describes the process of the vertical transport between soil layers for constructing the HONO gas concentration gradient in the surface soil pores and the emission process function based on the concentration gradients of HONO in the surface soil pores and the atmosphere.

[0147] The present invention measures the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtains the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere according to Formula I from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0148] Formula I;

[0149] In Formula I, F s is the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] ais the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0150] In the present invention, the [HONO] a is preferably set using the test data of the HONO concentration in the atmosphere (with seasonal and daily dynamics). In the coupled simulation experiment of CNMM-DNDC and the atmospheric chemical transport model, the [HONO] a set value is then replaced with the dynamic simulation value provided by the air quality model or the on-site measured atmospheric model.

[0151] In the present invention, the gas transfer rate ( v ) mainly depends on meteorological and soil conditions and can be calculated according to the damping theory. The three main processes restricting the migration of HONO from the soil surface to the free atmosphere are, from bottom to top in space: (i) emission or deposition at the soil surface; (ii) transport in the quasi-laminar layer (a very thin stagnant air layer close to the soil surface); (iii) turbulent transport between the top of the quasi-laminar layer and the free atmosphere. These three processes are connected in series through surface damping ( R s ), quasi-laminar layer damping ( R b ) and aerodynamic damping ( R a ) to directly regulate the transport of HONO between the soil and the free atmosphere. v The total damping ( R a , R b and R s sum) is used to calculate the reciprocal (see Equation 9). On land, v values are usually around 0.01 m·s -1 .

[0152] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the gas transfer rate includes the following steps: obtaining the gas transfer rate from the aerodynamic damping, quasi-laminar layer damping and surface damping according to Equation 9:

[0153] Equation 9;

[0154] In Equation 9, v is the gas transfer rate, with the unit of m·s -1 ; Ra is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; R s is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 .

[0155] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the aerodynamic damping preferably includes the following steps: measuring the reference height of the HONO flux, and obtaining the aerodynamic damping according to Equation 10 from the reference height of the HONO flux, the surface roughness height, the von Kármán constant, and the friction wind speed R a ;

[0156] Equation 10;

[0157] In Equation 10, R a is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; preferably the aerodynamic damping under neutral conditions; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m, and is the calculated value using the CNMM-DNDC model; z ref is the reference height, with the unit of m; u is the friction wind speed, with the unit of m·s -1 ; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is preferably 0.4.

[0158] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping preferably includes the following steps: obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping according to Equation 11 from the Schmidt number, the Prandtl number, the von Kármán constant, and the friction wind speed;

[0159] Equation 11;

[0160] In Equation 11, R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; S c is the Schmidt number, and its value is preferably 1.07; P r is the Prandtl number, and its value is preferably 0.72; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is preferably 0.4; u is the friction wind speed, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0161] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the surface damping includes the following steps: obtaining the surface damping from the surface soil moisture according to Equation 12;

[0162] Equation 12;

[0163] In Equation 12, R s is the surface damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, in v / v. In the present invention, the surface soil moisture preferably adopts the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC. In the present invention, the R s preferably takes values of 0.1~1000 m s -1 .

[0164] z 0 is affected by the degree of surface coverage and the coverage height, so it varies with the vegetation growth period. J.L. Monteith et al. pointed out that the roughness of a uniformly vegetated surface with complete coverage is 0.13 times the average height of the rough elements (such as the average vegetation height); for a surface with incomplete vegetation coverage or vegetation with heterogeneous species composition and irregular structure, such as a plain shrubland, this relationship does not apply. However, for the CNMM-DNDC model simulation, it is assumed that the vegetation in each input grid is homogeneous. In the present invention, the method for obtaining the surface roughness height preferably includes the following steps: obtaining the surface roughness height from the average vegetation height according to Equation 14:

[0165] Equation 14;

[0166] In Equation 14, H p is the average vegetation height, with the unit of m. In the present invention, the average vegetation height preferably adopts the calculation result of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC.

[0167] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the friction wind speed includes the following steps: measuring the wind speed at the reference height and the wind speed at the surface roughness height in the HONO flux measurement area, and obtaining the friction wind speed from the wind speed at the reference height and the wind speed at the surface roughness height according to Equation 13:

[0168] Equation 13;

[0169] In Equation 13, u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u0 is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m; z ref is the reference height, with the unit of m; K is the von Kármán constant, and its value is 0.4. In the present invention, under neutral conditions, u the wind speed at the reference height in the HONO flux measurement area ( u ref , with the unit of m·s -1 ) and the wind speed at the surface roughness height ( u 0 , with the unit of m·s -1 ) are approximately calculated. On land, due to the existence of vegetation, u 0 is generally 0.

[0170] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the wind speed at the reference height preferably includes the following steps: measuring the 3-hour average wind speed value, and obtaining the wind speed at the reference height from the 3-hour average wind speed value and the 2-meter height as the model input variable according to Equation 21:

[0171] Equation 21.

[0172] In Equation 21, u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u 2m is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0173] Figure 1 The present invention adds a new soil HONO production, consumption mechanism and emission-absorption process diagram on the basis of the current version of CNMM-DNDC. The present invention seamlessly couples the physical and chemical mechanisms of HNO 2 in the soil and at the soil-air interface into the nitrogen cycle module of the current version of the CNMM-DNDC model. [HONO] g is the key variable controlling the exchange of HONO between the soil and the atmosphere. When [HONO] g is higher than the HONO concentration [HONO] a in the free atmosphere, HONO will be released from the liquid phase of the surface soil. Conversely, atmospheric HONO will settle to the soil surface. And the soil solution acidity [H g and nitrite concentration [NO + 2 - ​, the dynamic simulation values of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC are adopted. In CNMM-DNDC, the [H + in the soil solution is regulated by the addition of exogenous organic materials, urea hydrolysis, nitrification, ammonia volatilization, dissociation of organic acids, secretion of plant roots, hydrolysis of Al 3+ and the migration of substances and water. The scientific processes directly involved in the generation and consumption of NO 2 - in the soil solution mainly include organic matter mineralization, nitrification and denitrification based on microbial growth and death, and the lateral and vertical migration of NO 2 - with water.

[0174] The process of plant absorption of HONO based on the damping on the surface of plant leaves and the atmospheric concentration is described below.

[0175] Measure the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtain the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit land surface area according to Equation II from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0176] Equation II;

[0177] In Equation II, U p is the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit land surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 , f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation values of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC are adopted; P 0 is 1013 hPa; P is the atmospheric pressure (in the middle and low altitude areas P ≈ P 0 ), with the unit of hPa.

[0178] After being released from the vegetated soil-atmosphere interface, HONO must pass through the vegetation canopy and be absorbed by plant leaves before reaching the free atmosphere above the canopy. During the process of passing through the vegetation canopy, HONO may be absorbed by plant leaves, and plant leaves that have deposited or adsorbed NO 2 will also produce HONO.

[0179] The absorption of gases by plants is directly related to the stomatal aperture, and environmental temperature directly affects the degree of stomatal opening. Research shows that under the condition of 70% field water holding capacity, the absorption of HONO by maize plants increases linearly with environmental temperature. Measure the environmental temperature, and from the environmental temperature, obtain the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area according to Equation 15:

[0180] Equation 15;

[0181] In Equation 15, K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; T a is the environmental temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, with the unit of K.

[0182] However, the rate constant of plant HONO absorption given by Equation 15 K p and the environmental temperature T a is only the laboratory measurement result of maize plants under specific soil conditions (70% soil field water holding capacity) and specific plant growth states (when the sixth leaf appears). K p It may also be affected by plant growth states (the number of green leaves) and soil water content (plant water stress will affect the degree of its stomatal opening). Therefore, the present invention also introduces the influence function of plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves ( f LAI ) and the influence function of surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves ( f m ). f LAI and f m are the functions of the dynamic simulation values of the plant leaf area index (LAI, dimensionless) and surface soil moisture of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC respectively M s(1) respectively.

[0183] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves preferably includes the following steps:

[0184] Obtain the leaf area index from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, obtain the default value of the maximum leaf area index model, and according to the leaf area index and the maximum leaf area index, obtain the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Equation 16;

[0185] …… Equation 16;

[0186] In Equation 16, f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves, LAI is the plant leaf area index, and LAI max is the maximum leaf area index.

[0187] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves preferably includes the following steps:

[0188] Obtain the surface soil moisture from the calculation results of the soil environment module of CNMM-DNDC, obtain the model input parameter of the surface soil porosity, and according to the surface soil moisture and the surface soil porosity, obtain the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Equation 17;

[0189] … Equation 17;

[0190] In Equation 17, f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves, M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, with the unit of v / v; PORE s(1) is the surface soil porosity, with the unit of v / v.

[0191] The following describes the chemical generation process of HONO on the surface of plant leaves.

[0192] The reference flux for testing the HONO emission per unit plant leaf area in the present invention is used to obtain the HONO emission flux of plants per unit ground surface area according to Equation III;

[0193] Equation III;

[0194] In Equation III, F p is the HONO emission flux of plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha-1 ·h -1 ; f T is the influence function of environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f con is the influence function of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; 2 ; f RH is the influence function of environmental relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; F ref is the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 LAI·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted;

[0195] The net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere is obtained according to Equation IV from the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, and the HONO emission flux of plants per unit ground surface area;

[0196] Equation IV;

[0197] In Equation IV, F HONO is the net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ;

[0198] Research has found that NO hydrolysis can occur on the surface of plant leaves to generate HONO, and through single-factor control experiments, it is shown that the production rate of HONO on the surface of corn (plant) leaves has an exponential relationship with environmental temperature and is linearly affected by environmental relative humidity and the concentration of NO in the atmosphere, while ultraviolet radiation (340~400nm) has no effect on it. 2 ; 2 ;

[0199] In the present invention, according to the above theory, an influence function of environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves is constructed. The method for obtaining the influence function of environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves includes the following steps:

[0200] Measure the environmental temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, and obtain the influence function of environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves according to Equation 18 from the environmental temperature;

[0201] Equation 18.

[0202] In Equation 18, f T is the function of the effect of ambient temperature on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface, T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, with the unit of K.

[0203] In the present invention, for NO in the atmosphere 2 the method for obtaining the function of the effect of the concentration on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface includes the following steps:

[0204] Measure the concentration of NO in the atmosphere, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere; 2 concentration, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere; 2 concentration, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere; 2 concentration, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere;

[0205] Equation 19;

[0206] In Equation 19, f con is the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface; [NO 2 concentration, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere; 2 a is the concentration of NO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L 2 concentration, and obtain the function of the effect of the concentration of NO in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 19 from the concentration of NO in the atmosphere; -1 .

[0207] In the present invention, the method for obtaining the function of the effect of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface includes the following steps:

[0208] Measure the ambient relative humidity, and obtain the function of the effect of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface according to Equation 20 from the ambient relative humidity;

[0209] Equation 20;

[0210] In Equation 20, f RH is the function of the effect of the ambient relative humidity on the production rate of HONO on the plant leaf surface, and RH is the ambient relative humidity, with the unit of %.

[0211] The present invention also provides a process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem obtained by the construction method described in the above technical solution.

[0212] ​To further illustrate the present invention, the process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem provided by the present invention and its construction method will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0213] Example 1

[0214] The production, consumption mechanism and emission and absorption process of soil HONO newly added by the present invention on the basis of CNMM-DNDC are shown in Figure 1 .

[0215] Step 1: Construct the liquid-phase chemical dynamic equilibrium function of hydrogen ions (H + ) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 - ).

[0216] Obtain the concentrations of H l and NO + in the soil solution of the 2 - layer from the dynamic simulation results of the CNMM-DNDC model;

[0217] From the concentrations of H l and NO + in the soil solution of the 2 - layer and the dissociation equilibrium constant, obtain the concentration of HNO l in the soil solution of the 2 layer according to Equation 1;

[0218] Equation 1;

[0219] In Equation 1, [HNO 2 aq(l) is the concentration of HNO l in the soil solution of the 2 layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 ; [H + l is the concentration of H l in the soil solution of the + layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [NO 2 - l is the concentration of NO l in the soil solution of the 2 - layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 .

[0220] ​​​Step 2: Establish the HONO gas-liquid equilibrium function based on Henry's law.

[0221] The equilibrium distribution between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the soil pores of each soil layer can be calculated for HNO 2 According to Equation 2, the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the l th soil layer is obtained;

[0222] Equation 2;

[0223] In Equation 2, is the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the l th soil layer, with the unit of Pa; H n(l) is HNO 2 under the reaction environmental conditions of the l th soil layer, and the unit of the Henry constant is L·Pa·mol -1 ;

[0224] Equation 3 is obtained according to the said Equation 1 and Equation 2;

[0225] Equation 3;

[0226] According to the ideal gas state equation, based on the equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the gas phase of the l th soil layer and the temperature of the l th soil layer, the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l th soil layer is obtained according to Equation 4;

[0227] Equation 4;

[0228] In Equation 4, [HONO] g(l) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l th soil layer, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; T s(l) is the temperature of the l th soil layer, with the unit of K; R is the universal gas constant, and its value is 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ;

[0229] According to the Arrhenius empirical equation for the relationship between the chemical reaction rate constant and temperature, both H n(l) and k a(l) in Equation 3 can be expressed as the soil temperature T s(l)The function, specifically, the l soil temperature of the l layer is obtained from the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC, and the dissociation equilibrium constant is obtained from the l soil temperature of the 2 layer and Equation 7; the Henry's constant under the reaction environmental conditions of the l layer soil layer is obtained from the

[0230] soil temperature of the

[0231] layer according to Equation 8;

[0232] In Equations 7 and 8, T s(l) is the l soil temperature of the K a(298K) dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO 2 at normal temperature, with a value of 5.1×10 -4 ; ΔH HNO2 is the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the dissociation of HNO 2 under normal temperature and pressure, with a value of -118.83 kJ·mol -1 ; H n(298K) is the equilibrium distribution Henry's constant of HNO 2 between the soil aqueous phase and the gas phase at normal temperature, with a value of 2.08×10 -3 L·Pa·mol -1 ; Δ H HONO is the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the equilibrium distribution reaction of HONO from the liquid phase to the gas phase under normal temperature and pressure, with a value of 1423.5 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ; R is the universal gas constant, with a value of 8.314×10 -3 ·kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ;

[0233] The concentration of HONO in the l layer soil gas phase can move between soil layers through diffusion under the drive of the concentration gradient and is finally released into the atmosphere through the soil surface layer; the diffusion rate of HONO in the l layer and the l -1) layer soil gas phase to the l layer soil gas phase is obtained according to Equation 5; l -1) soil layer gas phase;

[0234] Formula 5;

[0235] In Formula 5, dF (l) is the diffusion rate of HONO from the l th layer of soil to the ( l -1)th layer; [HONO] g(l) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the l th layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(l-1) is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the ( l -1)th layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ;

[0236] The diffusion rate of HONO from the l th layer of soil to the ( l -1)th layer is updated layer by layer through at least 5 iterations until the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of soil to the surface layer is calculated. The current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer of soil is obtained according to Formula 6 from the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of soil to the surface layer and the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer of soil;

[0237] Formula 6;

[0238] In Formula 6, [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) is the original concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; dF 1 is the diffusion rate of HONO from the 2nd layer of soil to the surface layer.

[0239] The concentration of HONO in the test atmosphere is measured, and the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere is obtained according to Formula I from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere;

[0240] Formula I;

[0241] In Formula I, F s is the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the concentration of HONO in the gas phase of the surface layer of soil, with the unit of mol·L-1 ; v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from soil to atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0242] Step 3: Construct the vertical transfer between soil layers of the HONO gas concentration gradient in the surface soil pores and the emission process function based on the HONO concentration gradients in the surface soil pores and the atmosphere.

[0243] The average vegetation height is obtained from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, and the surface roughness height is obtained according to Equation 14 from the average vegetation height:

[0244] Equation 14;

[0245] In Equation 14, H p is the average vegetation height, with the unit of m;

[0246] The wind speeds at the reference height for HONO flux measurement and the surface roughness height are measured. According to the wind speeds and their corresponding heights at the reference height and the surface roughness height, the friction velocity is obtained according to Equation 13:

[0247] Equation 13;

[0248] In Equation 13, u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u 0 is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m; z ref is the reference height, with the unit of m; K is the von Karman constant;

[0249] In Equation 13, u ref is calculated from the 2-meter height and the 3-hour average wind speed value ( u 2m ), and the result is shown in Equation 21;

[0250] Equation 21;

[0251] In Equation 21, u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, with the unit of m·s -1 ; u 2m is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, with the unit of m·s-1 ;

[0252] The aerodynamic damping obtained from the reference height of the HONO flux, the surface roughness height, the von Karman constant, and the friction wind speed according to Equation 10 R a ;

[0253] Equation 10;

[0254] In Equation 10, R a is the aerodynamic damping, with the unit of s·m -1 , which is the aerodynamic damping under neutral conditions; z 0 is the surface roughness height, with the unit of m, and is the calculated value using the CNMM-DNDC model; z ref is the reference height, with the unit of m; u is the friction wind speed, with the unit of m·s -1 ; K is the von Karman constant, and its value is 0.4;

[0255] The quasi-laminar layer damping is obtained from the Schmidt number, Prandtl number, von Karman constant, and friction wind speed according to Equation 11;

[0256] Equation 11;

[0257] In Equation 11, R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, with the unit of s·m -1 ; S c is the Schmidt number, and its value is 1.07; P r is the Prandtl number, and its value is 0.72; K is the von Karman constant, and its value is 0.4; u is the friction wind speed, with the unit of m·s -1 ;

[0258] The surface soil moisture is obtained using the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC, and the surface damping is obtained from the surface soil moisture according to Equation 12;

[0259] Equation 12;

[0260] In Equation 12, R s is the surface damping, with the unit of s·m -1 , and the value ranges from 0.1 to 1000 m s -1 ; M s(1)is the surface soil humidity, in v / v, dimensionless. In the present invention, the surface soil humidity adopts the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC.

[0261] From the aerodynamic damping, quasi-laminar layer damping, and surface damping, the gas transfer rate is obtained according to Equation 9:

[0262] Equation 9.

[0263] Test the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere. From the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, the concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase, and the gas transfer rate v , the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere is obtained according to Equation I F s ;

[0264] Equation I;

[0265] In Equation I, F s is the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; v is the gas transfer rate of HONO from the soil to the atmosphere, with the unit of m·s -1 .

[0266] Step 4: Construct the process of plant absorbing HONO based on the leaf surface damping and atmospheric concentration.

[0267] The method for obtaining the influence function of HONO absorbed by the unit plant leaf area includes the following steps:

[0268] Test the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground. From the ambient temperature, the rate constant of HONO absorbed by the unit plant leaf area is obtained according to Equation 15:

[0269] Equation 15;

[0270] In Equation 15, K p is the rate constant of HONO absorbed by the unit plant leaf area, with the unit of m -2 ·h -1 ; T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground, with the unit of K.

[0271] The leaf area index is obtained from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC. The default value of the maximum leaf area index, the leaf area index and the maximum leaf area index are used to obtain the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Equation 16. f LAI ; The surface soil moisture is obtained from the calculation results of the soil environment module of CNMM-DNDC. The model input parameter of the surface soil porosity, the surface soil moisture and the surface soil porosity are used to obtain the influence function of the absorption of HONO by plant leaves according to Equation 17. f m ;

[0272] Equation 16;

[0273] Equation 17;

[0274] In Equation 16, f LAI is the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves, LAI is the plant leaf area index, and LAI max is the maximum leaf area index.

[0275] In Equation 17, f m is the influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves, M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, with the unit of v / v; PORE s(1) is the surface soil porosity, with the unit of v / v.

[0276] The concentration of HONO in the atmosphere is measured. The absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area is obtained from the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area K p , the influence function of the plant leaf area index f LAI , the influence function of the soil moisture f m and the plant leaf area index LAI according to Equation II;

[0277] Equation II;

[0278] In Equation II, U p is the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; fLAI is the influence function of plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; f m is the influence function of surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves; K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L -1 ; T 0 is 273.15K; P 0 is 1013hPa; P is the atmospheric pressure (in the middle and low altitude areas P ≈ P 0 ).

[0279] Step 5: Construct the chemical generation process of HONO on the surface of plant leaves.

[0280] From the ambient temperature at a height of 2m above the ground T a , the influence function of ambient temperature on the generation rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves is obtained according to Equation 18 f T ;

[0281] Equation 18;

[0282] In Equation 18, f T is the influence function of ambient temperature on the generation rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves, T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2m above the ground, with the unit of K.

[0283] Measure the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere. From the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere, the influence function of the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere on the generation rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves is obtained according to Equation 19 f con ;

[0284] Equation 19;

[0285] In Equation 19, f con is the influence function of the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere on the generation rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; [NO2 a is the NO concentration in the atmosphere, with the unit of mol·L 2 . -1 .

[0286] Test the relative humidity RH of the environment. Obtain the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves from the relative humidity RH of the environment according to Equation 20 f RH ;

[0287] Equation 20;

[0288] In Equation 20, f RH is the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves, and RH is the relative humidity of the environment, with the unit of %

[0289] Test the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area F ref and the relative humidity of the environment. Obtain the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area F ref and the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment, the leaf area index LAI of the plant, and the environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves f T , NO in the atmosphere 2 concentration on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves f con , and obtain the HONO emission flux of plants per unit land surface area according to Equation III F p ;

[0290] Equation III;

[0291] In Equation III, F p is the HONO emission flux of plants per unit land surface area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f T is the influence function of the environmental temperature on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; f con is the influence function of the NO concentration in the atmosphere on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; 2 ; f RH is the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment on the production rate of HONO on the surface of plant leaves; F ref ​The reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 LAI·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, and the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC is adopted.

[0292] The HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere F s , the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit ground surface area U p and the HONO emission flux of plants per unit ground surface area F p , the net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere is obtained according to Equation IV F HONO ;

[0293] Equation IV;

[0294] In Equation IV, F HONO is the net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere, with the unit of kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 .

[0295] Example 2

[0296] The process model system for simulating the HONO flux of the ecosystem constructed in Example 1 is used to simulate the emission of soil HONO in a summer maize-winter wheat rotation farmland in a certain area of Haidian District, Beijing in 2001. Among them, based on the research of published literature, it is assumed that the concentrations of HONO in the atmosphere during the day and at night, [HONO] a are set to 0.1 ppbv (i.e., 0.007×10 - 6 mol·L -1 ) and 0.2 ppbv (i.e., 0.014×10 -6 mol·L -1 ) respectively, and the concentration of NO 2 in the atmosphere ([NO 2 ) a is 40 ppbv (i.e., 2.86×10 -6 mol·L -1 ), f LAI and f m are both 0.1, and the default value of the reference flux of HONO emission per unit leaf area F ref is 1.5×10 -4·kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 。 Figure 2 The simulation result graph of HONO emission flux under the process model system for simulating HONO flux in the ecosystem constructed for the present invention, where negative values indicate that the soil absorbs HONO from the atmosphere and positive values indicate that the soil emits HONO to the atmosphere.

[0297] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of the present technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a process model system for HONO flux simulation of an ecosystem, comprising the following steps: Testing the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtaining the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere according to Formula I based on the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere; Formula I; In Formula I, F s is the HONO emission flux from soil to the atmosphere, in kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, in mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase, in mol·L -1 ; v is the gas transmission rate of HONO from soil to atmosphere, in m·s -1 ; Testing the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, and obtaining the absorption flux of HONO by plants per unit surface area according to Formula II based on the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere; Formula II; In formula II, U p is the HONO absorption flux of plants per unit surface area, in kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f LAI is the influence function of plant leaf area index on plant leaf absorption of HONO; f m is the effect function of surface soil moisture on plant leaf absorption of HONO; K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, in m -2 ·h -1 ; LAI is the leaf area index of plants, using the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC; [HONO] a is the concentration of HONO in the atmosphere, in mol·L -1 ; T 0 is 273.15K; P 0 is 1013hPa; P is the atmospheric pressure, in hPa; The reference flux of HONO emitted per unit plant leaf area is tested, and the emission flux of HONO by plants per unit surface area is obtained according to Formula III based on the reference flux of HONO emitted per unit plant leaf area; Formula III; In formula III, F p is the HONO emission flux of plants per unit surface area, in kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 ; f T is the effect function of ambient temperature on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; f con is the function of the effect of atmospheric NO2 concentration on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; f RH is the effect function of environmental relative humidity on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; F ref is the reference flux of HONO emission per unit plant leaf area, in kg·N·m -2 LAI·h -1 ; LAI is the plant leaf area index, using the dynamic simulation value of each simulation step of CNMM-DNDC; The net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere is obtained according to Formula IV from the HONO emission flux from the soil to the atmosphere, the HONO absorption flux of the plants per unit surface area, and the HONO emission flux of the plants per unit surface area; Formula IV; In Formula IV, F HONO is the net exchange flux of HONO between the soil-plant system and the atmosphere, in kg·N·ha -1 ·h -1 .

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the HONO concentration in the surface soil gas phase comprises the following steps: The dynamic simulation results of the CNMM-DNDC model are used to obtain the l H in soil solution + and NO2 - concentration; By the said l H in soil solution + and NO2 - The concentration of l The concentration of HNO2 in the soil solution of the layer; Formula 1; In formula 1, [HNO2] aq(l) For the l The concentration of HNO2 in the soil solution of the layer, in mol·L -1 ; k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO2; [H + ] l For the l H in soil solution + The concentration is in mol·L -1 ; [NO2 - ] l For the l NO2 in soil solution - The concentration is in mol·L -1 ; From formula 2, we can get l The equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase; Formula 2; In formula 2, For the l The equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase is in Pa; H n(l) For HNO2 l Henry constant under the reaction environment conditions of the soil layer, unit is L·Pa·mol -1 ; According to Formula 1 and Formula 2, Formula 3 is obtained; Formula 3; By the said l The equilibrium partial pressure of HONO in the soil gas phase is obtained according to Eq. l HONO concentration in the soil gas phase of the layer; Formula 4; In formula 4, [HONO] g(l) For the l HONO concentration in the soil gas phase, unit: mol·L -1 ; T s(l) For the l Layer soil temperature, in K; R is the universal gas constant, which is 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ; By the said l Layer and ( l The HONO concentration in the soil gas phase of the -1 layer is obtained according to Equation 5. l HONO in the soil gas phase moves to the first ( l -1) Diffusion rate of soil layer; Formula 5; In formula 5, dF (l) For HONO from soil l Layer to the first ( l -1) Diffusion rate of the layer; [HONO] g(l) For the l HONO concentration in the soil gas phase, unit: mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(l-1) For the first ( l -1) HONO concentration in the soil gas phase, unit: mol·L -1 ; From the soil by HONO l Layer to the first ( l -1) layer diffusion rate, after at least 5 iterations, calculated layer by layer until the diffusion rate of HONO from the second soil layer to the surface layer is calculated. The current concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase is obtained according to Formula 6 based on the above diffusion rate of HONO from the second soil layer to the surface layer and the original HONO concentration in the surface soil gas phase; Formula 6; In formula 6, [HONO] g(1) ' is the current concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase, in mol·L -1 ; [HONO] g(1) is the original concentration of HONO in the surface soil gas phase, in mol·L -1 ; dF 1 is the diffusion rate of HONO from the second soil layer to the surface layer.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO2 comprises the following steps: l The dissociation equilibrium constant is obtained according to Formula 7; Formula 7; In formula 7, k a(l) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO2; T s(l) For the l Layer soil temperature, in K; K a(298K) is the dissociation equilibrium constant of HNO2 at room temperature; Δ H HNO2 is the standard molar enthalpy of formation of HNO2 at room temperature and pressure, in kJ·mol -1 ; R is the universal gas constant, which is 8.314×10 -3 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 ; The HNO2 in soil l The method for obtaining the Henry constant under the layer reaction environment conditions comprises the following steps: l The soil temperature of the first layer is obtained according to formula 8. l Henry constant for the soil layer under the reaction environment conditions; Formula 8; In formula 8, H n(l) HNO2 in soil l Henry constant under the environmental conditions of the layer reaction, unit is L·Pa·mol -1 ; T s(l) For the l Layer soil temperature, in K; H n(298K) is the Henry constant for the equilibrium distribution of HNO2 between the soil water phase and the gas phase at room temperature, in L·Pa·mol -1 ; Δ H HONO is the standard molar formation enthalpy of HONO from the soil liquid phase to the gas phase at room temperature and pressure, in kJ·mol -1 ; R is the universal gas constant.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the gas transmission rate of HONO from soil to atmosphere comprises the following steps: From the aerodynamic damping, quasi-laminar layer damping and surface damping, the gas transmission rate of HONO from soil to atmosphere is obtained according to Equation 9; Formula 9; In formula 9, v is the gas transmission rate of HONO from soil to atmosphere, in m·s -1 ; R a is the aerodynamic damping, in s·m -1 ; R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, unit is s·m -1 ; R s is the aerodynamic damping, in s·m -1 ; The method for obtaining the aerodynamic damping comprises the following steps: measuring a reference height of the HONO flux, and obtaining the aerodynamic damping according to equation 10 based on the reference height of the HONO flux and the surface roughness height; Formula 10; In formula 10, R a is the aerodynamic damping, in s·m -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, in m; z ref is the reference height for measuring HONO flux, in meters; u is the friction wind speed, in m·s -1 ; K is the Karman constant, its value is 0.4; The method for obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping comprises the following steps: obtaining the quasi-laminar layer damping according to Formula 11 from the Schmidt number, the Prandtl number, the Karman constant and the friction wind speed; Formula 11; In formula 11, R b is the quasi-laminar layer damping, unit is s·m -1 ; S c is the Schmidt number, its value is 1.07; P r is the Prandtl number, which is 0.72; K is the Karman constant, its value is 0.4; u is the friction wind speed, in m·s -1 ; The method for obtaining the surface damping comprises the following steps: obtaining the surface damping from the surface soil moisture according to equation 12; Formula 12; In formula 12, R s is the surface damping, in s·m -1 ; M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, in v / v.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the friction wind speed comprises the following steps: The wind speed at the reference height of the HONO flux test is measured, and the friction wind speed is obtained from the wind speed at the reference height and the wind speed at the surface roughness height according to Formula 13: Formula 13; In formula 13, u is the friction wind speed, in m·s -1 ; u ref is the wind speed at the reference height, in m·s -1 ; u 0 is the wind speed at the surface roughness height, in m·s -1 ; z 0 is the surface roughness height, in m; z ref is the reference height, in m; K is the Karman constant, its value is 0.4; The method for obtaining the surface roughness height comprises the following steps: The average vegetation height is obtained from the calculation results of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, and the surface roughness height is obtained from the average vegetation height according to formula 14: Formula 14; In formula 14, z 0 is the surface roughness height, in m; H p is the average height of vegetation, in meters.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the influence function of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area comprises the following steps: The ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground was tested, and the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area was obtained from the ambient temperature according to Formula 15: Formula 15; In formula 15, K p is the rate constant of HONO absorption per unit plant leaf area, in m -2 ·h -1 ; T a It is the ambient temperature at a height of 2m from the ground, in K.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the influence function of plant leaf area index on plant leaf absorption of HONO comprises the following steps: The leaf area index is obtained from the calculation result of the plant growth module of CNMM-DNDC, and the influence function of the plant leaf area index on the absorption of HONO by the plant leaves is obtained according to Formula 16 from the model default value of the maximum leaf area index, the leaf area index and the maximum leaf area index; Formula 16; In formula 16, f LAI is the influence function of plant leaf area index on plant leaf absorption of HONO, LAI is plant leaf area index, LAI max is the maximum leaf area index.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the influence function of surface soil moisture on plant leaf absorption of HONO comprises the following steps: The surface soil moisture is obtained from the calculation results of the soil environment module of CNMM-DNDC, and the model input parameters of the surface soil porosity are used. The influence function of the surface soil moisture on the absorption of HONO by plant leaves is obtained according to Formula 17 based on the surface soil moisture and the surface soil porosity; Formula 17; In formula 17, f m is the effect function of surface soil moisture on plant leaf absorption of HONO; M s(1) is the surface soil moisture, unit v / v; PORE s(1) It is the porosity of surface soil, unit is v / v.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the influence function of the ambient temperature on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface comprises the following steps: The ambient temperature at a height of 2 m above the ground is tested, and the influence function of the ambient temperature on the HONO generation rate on the plant leaf surface is obtained according to Formula 18. Formula 18; In formula 18, f T is the function of the effect of ambient temperature on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; T a is the ambient temperature at a height of 2m from the ground, in K; The method for obtaining the influence function of the NO2 concentration in the atmosphere on the HONO production rate on the surface of plant leaves comprises the following steps: Testing the NO2 concentration in the atmosphere, and obtaining the influence function of the NO2 concentration in the atmosphere on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface according to Formula 19; Formula 19; In formula 19, f con is the function of the effect of atmospheric NO2 concentration on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; [NO2] a is the concentration of NO2 in the atmosphere, in mol·L -1 ; The method for obtaining the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface comprises the following steps: The relative humidity of the testing environment is used to obtain the influence function of the relative humidity of the environment on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface according to Formula 20; Formula 20; In formula 20, f RH is the influence function of environmental relative humidity on the HONO production rate on the plant leaf surface; RH is the environmental relative humidity, the unit is %.

10. A process model system for ecosystem HONO flux simulation obtained by the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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