Method and device for calculating substitution benefits of centralized energy storage power stations under multi-market cooperation

Abstract

A method and device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, the method comprising: constructing a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading, the model aims to minimize market operating costs, and the constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and power constraints of thermal power units and power user loads; constructing an energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation model, the energy storage power station substitution benefits include the benefits of increasing new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity cost of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the carbon emissions of the power system by introducing energy storage power stations. The present invention can fully consider the flexibility and diversity of centralized energy storage participating in multiple types of markets and multiple operating modes, and more accurately calculate the substitution benefits of energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric power systems, and in particular to a method and device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the penetration rate of new energy, the superposition of uncertainties on both the source and the load side has brought tremendous pressure to the safe and reliable operation of the power system and the balance of supply and demand under the time and space mismatch between source and load. Energy storage equipment with energy time shifting and rapid response capabilities is considered to be an important guarantee for promoting the construction of new power systems and the transformation of energy structure. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of the energy storage industry to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0003] Limited by material costs and technological maturity, energy storage exhibits the characteristics of high cost. In order to break the development dilemma of energy storage, existing research has made many attempts and efforts to expand the channels for energy storage revenue: first, to promote energy storage to participate in market-based transactions, and second, to improve the energy storage cost recovery mechanism. On the one hand, energy storage can obtain revenue through various profit channels such as spot trading, ancillary services, and green electricity trading, and on the other hand, it can obtain cost compensation through the capacity compensation mechanism. The capacity compensation mechanism can alleviate the pressure of energy storage cost diversion to a certain extent, but on the one hand, it is greatly affected by policies, which is easy to cause over / under compensation risks and reduce the efficiency of power system resource allocation. On the other hand, it will increase the dependence of energy storage projects on capacity compensation income and reduce the motivation for technology upgrading of the energy storage industry. The current unified pricing capacity compensation policy fails to fully reflect the diversified value of energy storage and cannot fairly and reasonably divert energy storage costs to all beneficiaries of the power system. Therefore, energy storage still exhibits the characteristics of poor economic performance and long cost recovery period, and the society is not willing to participate in the construction of the energy storage industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a method and device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, which can fully consider the flexibility and diversity of centralized energy storage participating in multiple types of markets and multiple operating modes, and more accurately calculate the substitution benefit of energy storage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, comprising:

[0006] Construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading. The model aims to minimize market operating costs. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and thermal power unit and power user load power constraints.

[0007] A model for calculating the substitution benefits of energy storage power stations is constructed. The substitution benefits of energy storage power stations include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of reducing carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

[0008] The objective function of the spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading is:

[0009] ;

[0010] In the formula, For market operation costs; Opening of sessions for the electrical energy spot market; is the market transaction cycle; , , and They are the thermal power units, electricity users, photovoltaic power stations and wind farms participating in the electricity market. A collection of thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation market; and They are the quotation segment numbers for thermal power units and power users respectively; and Thermal power units Price and power; and Electricity users quotations and loads; and They are the electricity cost and power of the photovoltaic power station respectively; and Wind farms The cost and power of electricity; and Thermal power units No. The peak-shaving price and power reduction amount of the gear; It is a tiny time within the market trading cycle.

[0011] The market power balance constraint is:

[0012] ;

[0013] ;

[0014] In the formula, and They are The dual multiplier of the corresponding constraint at each moment; To share energy storage as the main power generation entity in the electricity market; The charging power for shared energy storage as an electricity user in the electricity market; and They are photovoltaic power stations and wind farms. Green electricity decomposition at each moment; For electricity users The green electricity consumption is always based on the green electricity custom curve; and They are The output power cap of the photovoltaic power plants and wind farms participating in the market at all times; A collection of thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market; For thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market Plan your efforts at all times; for Net load of non-market portion at the moment; Charging power for shared energy storage in deep peaking markets; A collection of thermal power units that are obliged to provide basic peak load regulation services; For the volunteer crew The basic peak-shaving power provided at all times; A collection of thermal power units participating in deep peak load regulation services;

[0015] The safety operation constraints of the thermal power unit are:

[0016] ;

[0017] In the formula, for The output of thermal power units at all times;

[0018] ;

[0019] ;

[0020] ;

[0021] ;

[0022] In the formula, It is the minimum technical output of thermal power peak-shaving units under normal conditions; and Thermal power units Maximum and minimum technical output; and They are respectively the up and down ramp rate constraints of thermal power units;

[0023] The power constraints of the thermal power units and power user loads are:

[0024] ;

[0025] ;

[0026] ;

[0027] ;

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula, For thermal power units in the spot market No. The declared power limit of the segment; Thermal power units for peak load regulation market No. The upper limit of power reduction reported in the file; For electricity users In the The declared power limit of the segment.

[0030] The replacement benefits of the energy storage power station on the power supply side for:

[0031] ;

[0032] In the formula, A collection of new energy sites participating in the electricity market in the region where the energy storage is located; is the market transaction cycle; and These are the new energy stations before and after the energy storage power station is added to the power system. exist Spot trading electricity at all times; and These are the new energy stations before and after energy storage participates in the electricity market. exist Green electricity trading volume at all times; When there is a storage power station The clearing electricity price at the time; When there is no energy storage power station The clearing electricity price at the time; For new energy stations Green electricity trading price; It is a tiny time within the market trading cycle.

[0033] The replacement benefits of the energy storage power station on the grid side for:

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, is the capacity factor, which is determined according to the continuous discharge duration of the energy storage power station; is the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage power station; The unit capacity expansion cost of power transmission and distribution equipment is estimated by using the equivalent capacity of the energy storage power station to estimate the reduced power transmission and distribution equipment capacity; is the discount rate; Delay the upgrading and transformation of power transmission and distribution equipment of power grid for energy storage power stations; The life cycle of the energy storage power station.

[0036] The replacement benefits of the energy storage power station on the user side for:

[0037] ;

[0038] In the formula, is the market transaction cycle; A collection of electricity users participating in the electricity market; For electricity users The quotation segment number of When there is no energy storage power station Spot clearing electricity prices at all times; When there is no energy storage power station Time power users No. Section winning bid load; When there is a storage power station The spot clearing electricity price at the time.

[0039] The replacement benefits of the energy storage power station on carbon emission reduction of the power system for:

[0040] ;

[0041] In the formula, is the carbon emission factor of thermal power units; For new energy stations; A collection of new energy sites participating in the electricity market in the area where the energy storage power station is located; is the market transaction cycle; and These are the new energy stations before and after the energy storage power station is added to the power system. exist Spot trading electricity at all times; It is a tiny time in the market trading cycle; For thermal power units; A collection of thermal power units participating in the electricity market; After adding the energy storage power station to the power system, the thermal power unit Spot trading electricity at all times; The thermal power unit before the energy storage power station is added to the power system Spot trading electricity at all times.

[0042] A device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, which is applied to the above-mentioned method, and comprises:

[0043] The market clearing model construction module is used to construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green power trading. The model aims to minimize the market operation cost. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and power constraints of thermal power units and power user loads.

[0044] The energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation module is used to construct an energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation model. The energy storage power station substitution benefits include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

[0045] A device for calculating the substitution benefits of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, comprising a memory and a processor;

[0046] The memory is used to store computer program code and transmit the computer program code to the processor;

[0047] The processor is used to execute the method according to the instructions in the computer program code.

[0048] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described above is implemented.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] In a method and device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under a multi-market combination, the present invention proposes a centralized shared energy storage substitution benefit calculation model under a spot-peak-shaving-green electricity joint market. First, by analyzing the coupling characteristics between the green electricity market, the spot market, and the peak-shaving market, a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model for coupled green electricity transactions is established. Secondly, by sorting out the multiple values ​​of energy storage to the power system under multiple markets, a storage substitution benefit calculation model for the entire source-grid-load link is constructed. Therefore, the present invention can fully consider the flexibility and diversity of centralized energy storage participating in multiple types of markets and multiple operating modes, and more accurately calculate the substitution benefit of energy storage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for calculating the substitution benefit of centralized energy storage under multi-market cooperation of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of spot-peak-shaving-green electricity market transactions in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an energy storage cost relief mechanism considering multiple paths in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of substitution benefits generated by energy storage for new energy in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the daily substitution benefits of energy storage to various market players in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the economic situation of the energy storage power station during the entire life cycle before the replacement benefit redistribution in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the economic situation of the energy storage power station over the entire life cycle after the replacement benefit redistribution in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8 It is a structural block diagram of a centralized energy storage substitution benefit calculation device under multi-market cooperation of the present invention.

[0059] Fig. 9 It is a structural block diagram of a centralized energy storage substitution benefit calculation device under multi-market cooperation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0061] See also Figure 1, a method for calculating the substitution benefits of centralized energy storage power stations under multi-market cooperation, including:

[0062] S1. Construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading. The model aims to minimize market operating costs. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and thermal power unit and power user load power constraints;

[0063] S2. Construct a model for calculating the substitution benefits of energy storage power stations. The substitution benefits of energy storage power stations include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

[0064] The present invention adopts a market electricity price mechanism that performs independent clearing according to the blocked sections and uses the price quoted by the marginal units in the region as the unified clearing price. Under this clearing method, in order to comply with the policy guidance direction of energy storage as the market's priority call subject, the shared energy storage is set to operate in a self-dispatching mode and participate in the market in a decision-making manner of reporting quantity but not quotation. The cooperation between the spot market, the deep peak-shaving market and the green power market is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0065] Furthermore, the system operator comprehensively considers the electricity quantity and price declaration information of each market player, and constructs a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading, simulating the sequential clearing process of the joint market to achieve the lowest market operation cost, by comprehensively considering the electricity quantity and electricity price declaration information of each market player, and the start-stop combination of the units in the next 3-7 days is known. The clearing of the proposed spot-peak-shaving-green electricity joint market needs to meet the power balance and output power constraint requirements in the market, and also needs to consider the output limit and climbing ability of the units participating in the market. The objective function of the spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading is:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, For market operation costs; Opening of sessions for the electrical energy spot market; is the market transaction cycle; , , and They are the thermal power units, electricity users, photovoltaic power stations and wind farms participating in the electricity market. A collection of thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation market; and They are the quotation segment numbers for thermal power units and power users respectively; and Thermal power units Price and power; and Electricity users quotations and loads; and Photovoltaic power station The cost and power of electricity; and Wind farms The cost and power of electricity; and Thermal power units No. The peak-shaving price and power reduction amount of the gear; It is a tiny time within the market trading cycle.

[0068] Furthermore, the deep peak load regulation market needs to consider the abandoned wind and solar power of the entire regional power system including the non-market part, and the market power balance constraint is:

[0069] ;

[0070] ;

[0071] In the formula, and They are The dual multipliers of the corresponding constraints at each moment are used as the energy price of the regional electricity market and the highest marginal clearing price of the peak-shaving market; To share energy storage as the main power generation entity in the electricity market; The charging power for shared energy storage as an electricity user in the electricity market; and Photovoltaic power station and wind farms exist The amount of green electricity decomposition at the time, for Shike Photovoltaic Power Station The total output of for Shike Wind Farm Total output of For electricity users exist The green electricity consumption is always based on the green electricity custom curve; and They are Photovoltaic power stations that always participate in the market and wind farms The output power limit of A collection of thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market; For thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market exist Plan your efforts at all times; for Net load of non-market portion at the moment; Charging power for shared energy storage in deep peaking markets; A collection of thermal power units that are obliged to provide basic peak load regulation services; For the volunteer crew The basic peak-shaving power provided at all times; The thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation service are a collection of thermal power units. All thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation service must first provide basic peak load regulation. .

[0072] Furthermore, for the thermal power units participating in the electric energy market, after the power generation power at each moment is the required output power of each section, the safety operation constraints of the thermal power units are:

[0073] ;

[0074] In the formula, for Thermal power unit contribute;

[0075] For thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation market, the output limit is the conventional minimum technical output. The operating power at any moment needs to comprehensively consider the output power of the electric energy market and the deep peak load regulation market:

[0076] ;

[0077] In the formula, For thermal power units Minimum technical output under normal conditions.

[0078] Whether in normal output state or deep peak load regulation state, thermal power units should be kept within the upper and lower limits of safe operation, and the power change should be within the range of up-slope and down-slope capacity, that is:

[0079] ;

[0080] ;

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, and Thermal power units Maximum and minimum technical output; and Thermal power units Up and down climbing rate constraints;

[0083] Furthermore, the power constraints of thermal power units and power user loads are:

[0084] The power of thermal power units and user loads participating in the power market shall not exceed the declared capacity of each section. In order to ensure the physical execution of green power transactions, new energy stations that have signed medium- and long-term green power contracts are not allowed to adjust their output on the basis of green power transaction power, that is, their output shall not be less than the decomposed power of green power transactions at that moment:

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] ;

[0088] ;

[0089] ;

[0090] In the formula, For thermal power units in the spot market No. The declared power limit of the segment; Thermal power units for peak load regulation market No. The upper limit of power reduction reported in the file; For electricity users In the The declared power limit of the segment.

[0091] Furthermore, energy storage can adjust the shape of the load curve through energy time shifting, thereby reducing the temporal and spatial mismatch between source and load, reducing the abandonment of new energy, and expanding the trading space for new energy to participate in the spot and green electricity markets; in the context of thermal power generation being limited due to carbon emissions, energy storage power stations share the power generation and peak load load of thermal power, providing capacity support for the power system, but at the same time, energy storage will occupy part of the power generation space of thermal power units, so only the substitution benefit of energy storage for new energy is calculated. Substitution benefit of energy storage power stations on the power supply side for:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula, A collection of new energy sites participating in the electricity market in the region where the energy storage is located; is the market transaction cycle; and These are the new energy stations before and after the energy storage power station is added to the power system. exist Spot trading electricity at all times; and They are new energy stations before and after the energy storage power station participates in the electricity market. exist Green electricity trading volume at all times; When there is a storage power station The clearing electricity price at the time; When there is no energy storage power station The clearing electricity price at the time; For new energy stations Green electricity trading price; It is a tiny time within the market trading cycle.

[0094] Furthermore, since changes in spot market electricity prices reflect changes in electricity supply and demand, energy storage power stations indirectly adjust the peak-to-valley difference in load through low-charging and high-storage arbitrage time, thereby reducing and delaying the cost of upgrading the power grid. From the perspective of power supply, with the cooperation of energy storage, the impact of intermittent output of new energy stations on the power grid is reduced, the peak flow on the transmission line is reduced, and the possibility of overload is reduced; from the perspective of electricity consumption, energy storage can reduce peak loads during peak loads and improve the transmission capacity of the power grid. In summary, the introduction of energy storage power stations can reduce the cost of transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side and generate the time value of money. Substitution benefits of energy storage power stations on the grid side for:

[0095] ;

[0096] In the formula, is the capacity factor, which is determined according to the continuous discharge duration of the energy storage power station; is the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage power station; The unit capacity expansion cost of power transmission and distribution equipment is estimated by using the equivalent capacity of the energy storage power station to estimate the reduced power transmission and distribution equipment capacity; is the discount rate; Delay the upgrading and transformation of power transmission and distribution equipment of power grid for energy storage power stations; The life cycle of the energy storage power station.

[0097] Furthermore, energy storage can improve the quality of electricity and reliability of electricity use on the user side, but such benefits are difficult to quantify directly. The reduction in electricity costs for power users under the market environment is taken as the substitution benefit on the user side. For users, although energy storage power stations cannot directly produce electricity, energy storage can break the limitation of instant electricity generation. Energy storage improves the power system's carrying capacity for renewable energy, increasing the proportion of cheap renewable energy electricity; energy storage's low charging and high storage time indirectly alleviates the tense supply and demand relationship during peak electricity consumption. In summary, the introduction of energy storage reduces the electricity costs of power users. Substitution benefits of energy storage power stations on the user side for:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula, is the market transaction cycle; A collection of electricity users participating in the electricity market; For electricity users The quotation segment number of When there is no energy storage power station Spot clearing electricity prices at all times; When there is no energy storage power station Time power users No. Section winning bid load; When there is a storage power station The spot clearing electricity price at the time.

[0100] Furthermore, there is a certain contradiction between the real-time balance requirements of the power system and the randomness and volatility of new energy. Energy storage can store the abandoned power of wind and solar power during low load periods, and release it during peak load periods to achieve clean energy substitution, reducing the abandoned power of new energy while reducing the output of thermal power. Therefore, the addition of energy storage to the power system has changed the power structure, which is specifically manifested in the increase in the proportion of wind and solar power generation, the decrease in the proportion of thermal power generation, and the reduction of carbon emissions from the power system. The substitution benefit of energy storage power stations on carbon emission reduction in power systems for:

[0101] ;

[0102] In the formula, is the carbon emission factor of thermal power units; For new energy stations; A collection of new energy sites participating in the electricity market in the area where the energy storage power station is located; is the market transaction cycle; and These are the new energy stations before and after the energy storage power station is added to the power system. exist Spot trading electricity at all times; It is a tiny time in the market trading cycle; For thermal power units; A collection of thermal power units participating in the electricity market; After adding the energy storage power station to the power system, the thermal power unit Spot trading electricity at all times; The thermal power unit before the energy storage power station is added to the power system Spot trading electricity at all times.

[0103] The present invention proposes a centralized shared energy storage substitution benefit calculation model under the spot-peak-shaving-green electricity joint market. First, by analyzing the coupling characteristics between the green electricity market, the spot market and the peak-shaving market, a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model for coupled green electricity transactions is established. Secondly, by sorting out the multiple values ​​of energy storage to the power system under multiple markets, a storage substitution benefit calculation model for the entire source-grid-load link is constructed. Compared with existing research, the present invention can fully consider the flexibility and diversity of centralized energy storage participating in multiple types of markets and multiple operating modes, and more accurately calculate the substitution benefits of energy storage.

[0104] See also Figure 3 , the present invention also provides a cost compensation mechanism for energy storage power stations that takes into account market benefits and substitution benefits. Energy storage can generate substitution benefits for both source grid loads and power system carbon emissions, but the corresponding benefits have not been reflected in the power market and carbon emission trading market. In order to encourage social capital to build new energy storage, the present invention proposes an energy storage cost relief mechanism that takes into account multiple paths of market operation and substitution benefit redistribution: 1) The substitution benefit of energy storage for carbon emission reduction in the power system is a social benefit, and it is difficult to determine the direct beneficiary, so the carbon emission reduction of energy storage is quantified and converted into CCER to make a profit in the carbon emission trading market; 2) Energy storage shares part of its capacity with nearby new energy sites to form a joint system of shared benefits and shared risks, and cooperates with new energy sites to participate in the spot market, green electricity market and other markets, thereby obtaining shared benefits. 3) For the substitution benefits generated by energy storage power stations on the power supply side, grid side and user side, considering the cost allocation principle of "who benefits, who bears", the substitution benefits are redistributed between energy storage and source grid load.

[0105] Based on the above-mentioned cost relief mechanism, in addition to obtaining operating income through the spot market, deep peak-shaving market, green electricity market, carbon market and capacity sharing, energy storage can also obtain substitution benefit compensation from market entities such as new energy stations, power grid companies and power users based on its substitution benefits. The calculation is as follows:

[0106] ;

[0107] In the formula, For energy storage operation income; Compensation for the replacement benefits paid by grid companies to energy storage; For users replacement benefit compensation paid to energy storage; For new energy stations replacement benefit compensation paid to energy storage; The carbon price.

[0108] In another embodiment of the present invention, for power grid companies, power users and new energy stations that have not formed a cooperative relationship with energy storage, they have actually formed an alliance through physical connection, and the introduction of energy storage has increased the social surplus of the power system, but this part of the social surplus has not been fairly distributed. Therefore, the substitution benefits of energy storage for power grid companies, power users and new energy stations are further optimized and distributed.

[0109] (1) Redistribution of substitution benefits of power grid enterprises

[0110] Grid companies are large in size, and energy storage power stations are in a weak position when allocating substitution benefits, making it difficult for them to bargain with grid companies. Therefore, the substitution benefits of energy storage delaying equipment upgrades are optimized based on the minimum distance.

[0111] ;

[0112] ;

[0113] ;

[0114] ;

[0115] ;

[0116] In the formula, The substitution benefits retained for the grid companies; Maximum replacement benefit compensation for energy storage expectations; The maximum replacement benefit that the grid company expects to allocate; Assigning correction factors to benefits; is the average operating income of the energy storage power station, which is set to the daily operating income of the energy storage at an internal rate of return of 8%; Market benefits from energy storage This is directly proportional to the consumption of electricity, thereby incentivizing energy storage to participate in the electricity market.

[0117] (2) Redistribution of substitution benefits between electricity users and new energy stations

[0118] When allocating substitution benefits among power users, new energy stations, and energy storage, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the benefits of each entity and the distribution satisfaction. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the electricity market revenue, carbon market revenue, capacity sharing revenue and market revenue of new energy stations in the absence of energy storage are considered undisputed revenues and do not need to be redistributed. However, the substitution benefits generated by the addition of energy storage to new energy stations have multiple distribution methods due to the imperfection of the market mechanism.

[0119] The uncertainty of the market mechanism will lead to a controversial part in the distribution of total market revenue, which is the substitution benefit generated by energy storage. Taking the new energy station as an example, it is obvious that both energy storage and new energy stations expect to obtain all substitution benefits. However, in order to achieve a fair and just distribution of controversial substitution benefits, it is necessary to consider the satisfaction of stakeholders with the distribution results. Obviously, when one party finally obtains its maximum available benefit, it should be the most satisfied. Suppose the ratio between the actual distribution benefits of the two parties to the maximum benefit they may obtain is used to measure their satisfaction with the current distribution results:

[0120] ;

[0121] ;

[0122] ;

[0123] ; ;

[0124] In the formula, For energy storage in the distribution of new energy stations satisfaction with alternative benefits; For new energy stations Satisfaction after returning part of the replacement benefits to energy storage; For allocation The available benefits of energy storage; For allocation The maximum available benefit of energy storage; For allocation New Energy Station the available income; For allocation New Energy Station the maximum possible benefit; For new energy stations The substitution benefit of self-retention; For energy storage of new energy stations The resulting substitution benefits.

[0125] The degree of acceptance of the allocation results by both parties can be measured by the satisfaction index proposed above. When the satisfaction is consistent, the corresponding pricing results are most likely to be accepted by both parties and thus reach a consensus. Therefore, based on the principle of consistent satisfaction, the allocation of It can be seen that the replacement benefit allocation of energy storage power stations and new energy stations is:

[0126] ;

[0127] ;

[0128] In the formula, For allocation New Energy Station the maximum possible benefit;

[0129] The replacement benefit return of power users is similar to that of new energy stations. The reduced electricity cost is regarded as the replacement benefit of the energy storage power station. The replacement benefit returned by power users to the energy storage power station is:

[0130] ;

[0131] ;

[0132] ;

[0133] ;

[0134] In the formula, the subscript represents electricity users; For energy storage users the substitution benefits generated; For allocation Time User the maximum possible benefit; For allocation The maximum available benefit of energy storage.

[0135] It can be seen from the above mechanism that under the proposed allocation method, the allocation of substitution benefits is actually carried out according to their value relative to the two parties of allocation. If the relative value of substitution benefits to one party is greater, then that party will be allocated more. Therefore, if the market operation income of energy storage in the market is relatively large, although the relative proportion of substitution benefit compensation obtained through the above mechanism is also reduced, the overall income of energy storage will still increase, which can motivate energy storage to actively improve its own market operation income and reduce dependence on compensation mechanisms; if the market income of energy storage is not high, but it can generate greater substitution benefits for the power system, energy storage can also obtain higher cost compensation fees. Based on the energy storage substitution benefit calculation model, the present invention designs an energy storage cost compensation mechanism that considers market income and substitution benefits, and then proposes an energy storage cost diversion strategy based on the market-compensation multiple benefit recovery mechanism, and further redistributes the substitution benefits of energy storage to power grid enterprises, power users and new energy sites, providing decision-making guidance for the construction of centralized energy storage.

[0136] The calculation example of the present invention refers to some data of the power market of a certain province, constructs a regional power market of a small-scale spot-peak-shaving-green electricity combination, studies the coordinated trading strategy of shared energy storage in this market, and analyzes the profitability of the operation model proposed by the present invention. A centralized energy storage system is arranged at a key node with good new energy resource conditions and high regulation pressure, in which the 10MW / 20MWh energy storage capacity is shared with the 30MW photovoltaic power station and wind farm at the same node. The node also includes 1 photovoltaic power station (PV1) and 3 wind farms (W1, W2, W3). In addition to the new energy station, the units participating in the spot market also include 5 thermal power units (GE1, GE2, GE3, GE4, GE5) and 25 industrial users, among which the thermal power units set segmented quotations according to their respective quadratic cost functions. The specific parameters are shown in Tables 1-4.

[0137] Table 1 Cost and performance parameter settings of shared energy storage system

[0138]

[0139] The meaning of each parameter in Table 1 is: is the rated capacity of the energy storage; It is the maximum charge state of energy storage; Initial storage capacity for energy storage; is the unit discharge cost of energy storage; is the unit capacity price of the energy storage power station; is the unit power price of the energy storage power station; is the residual value rate; Design the number of battery replacements within the operating life of the energy storage power station; is the discount rate; is the maximum discharge power of energy storage; It is the minimum state of charge for energy storage; is the energy storage discharge efficiency; Charging efficiency for energy storage; is the unit capacity price of auxiliary facilities; is the operation and maintenance cost per unit power; For the life cycle of energy storage power stations; The life of the energy storage battery; is the allowable deviation margin.

[0140] Table 2 New energy quotation and green electricity trading parameter settings

[0141]

[0142] In Table 2, Represents a wind, solar and energy storage combined system.

[0143] Table 3 Parameter settings of thermal power units in the electricity market

[0144]

[0145] Table 4. Quotation parameter settings for units in the deep peak load regulation market

[0146]

[0147] In Table 4, , , , , They represent five peak-shaving units participating in the peak-shaving market.

[0148] The present invention calculates the indirect value of energy storage to various market entities based on the proposed energy storage substitution benefit calculation model. The benefit changes of thermal power units, new energy sites, power users and power grid companies before and after the addition of energy storage power stations are -770,530 yuan, 7,388 yuan, 67,966 yuan and 12,658 yuan respectively, and the carbon emissions of the power system are reduced by 49,790 kg. It can be seen that the new energy sites, power users and power grids are respectively affected by the energy storage power station to different degrees of benefit radiation, and the overall benefit impact of energy storage on different entities of the power system is positive, which verifies that the energy storage power station is conducive to increasing the overall social welfare of the power system. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0149] The present invention further redistributes the substitution benefit according to the substitution benefit calculation result of the energy storage power station, and the result is shown in Table 5:

[0150] Table 5 Comparison of the allocation of alternative benefits and daily income of each entity

[0151]

[0152] The daily substitution benefit allocation obtained by the energy storage power station is 47,805 yuan, accounting for 51.71% of the substitution benefits generated by energy storage for the power system, of which the substitution benefits of carbon emission reduction in the power system account for 9.37%, and the substitution benefits returned to the energy storage power station by the new energy side, the grid side and the load users account for 34.22%, 50.48% and 51.4% of their respective total substitution benefits, accounting for 5.25%, 71.76% and 13.61% of the total allocation of energy storage substitution benefits. In summary, the cost diversion strategy proposed in the present invention enables the hidden value of energy storage under the existing market mechanism to be reflected, ensuring the reasonable income of the energy storage power station while satisfying the incentive compatibility of multiple subjects.

[0153] The energy storage benefits finally allocated are annualized to further calculate the economic situation of energy storage power stations over their entire life cycle to analyze the impact of alternative benefit redistribution on the operation of energy storage power stations. The results are as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown. Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that the cost recovery period of the energy storage power station after the redistribution of substitution benefits is 5.1 years, while before the redistribution of substitution benefits, the energy storage power station relying solely on market revenue needs 10.9 years to recover the cost, which exceeds the life of the battery itself. Therefore, by comparing the economic situation of the energy storage power station before and after the redistribution of substitution benefits, it can be seen that the cost diversion strategy proposed in this invention is effective, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider the multiple values ​​of energy storage power stations to the power system and compensate for their costs.

[0154] The present invention proposes a centralized energy storage cost diversion optimization strategy that considers multiple market benefits and transmission and distribution substitution benefits. Based on the energy storage substitution benefit calculation model for the entire source-grid-load link, an energy storage cost compensation mechanism that considers market benefits and substitution benefits is designed, and then an energy storage cost diversion strategy based on the market-compensation multiple benefit recovery mechanism is proposed, which can effectively guarantee the reasonable income level of the energy storage power station itself, and determine the energy storage compensation according to the actual contribution of energy storage to meet the incentive compatibility of multiple subjects in the power system. Compared with only participating in the electricity market to recover costs, the energy storage cost diversion strategy proposed in the present invention can significantly shorten the cost recovery period of the energy storage power station.

[0155] See also Figure 8 The present invention also provides a device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, which is applied to the above-mentioned method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, and the device includes:

[0156] The market clearing model construction module is used to construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green power trading. The model aims to minimize the market operation cost. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and power constraints of thermal power units and power user loads.

[0157] The energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation module is used to construct an energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation model. The energy storage power station substitution benefits include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

[0158] See also Fig. 9 , the present invention also provides a device for calculating the substitution benefits of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, including a memory and a processor;

[0159] The memory is used to store computer program code and transmit the computer program code to the processor;

[0160] The processor is used to execute the above-mentioned method for calculating the substitution benefits of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to the instructions in the computer program code.

[0161] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for calculating the substitution benefits of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation is implemented.

[0162] Generally speaking, the computer instructions for implementing the method of the present invention may be carried by any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media. Non-transitory computer-readable storage media may include any computer-readable media, except for the signal itself that is temporarily propagating.

[0163] Computer readable storage media can be, for example, but not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices or components, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EKROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or device.

[0164] Computer program code for performing the operation of the present invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages, in particular, Python suitable for neural network computing and platform frameworks based on TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc. can be used. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer or to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect via the Internet) through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).

[0165] The above-mentioned device and non-temporary computer-readable storage medium can refer to the specific description of a method for calculating the substitution benefits of centralized energy storage under multi-market cooperation and its beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0166] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, characterized in that: include: Construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading. The model aims to minimize market operating costs. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and thermal power unit and power user load power constraints. The objective function of the spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green electricity trading is: In the formula, F mk is the market operation cost; t0 is the opening period of the electric energy spot market; T e is the market transaction cycle; G em , U em PV em and W em They are the thermal power units, electricity users, photovoltaic power stations and wind farms participating in the electricity market; G dp A collection of thermal power units participating in the deep peak load regulation market; f and h u They are the quotation segment numbers for thermal power units and power users respectively; and are the price and power of thermal power unit f respectively; and are the bid and load of power user u respectively; and They are the electricity cost and power of the photovoltaic power station respectively; and are the electricity cost and power of wind farm w respectively; and They are respectively thermal power unit f and h df The peak-shaving price and power reduction amount of the gear; Δt is the micro-time in the market transaction cycle; A model for calculating the substitution benefits of energy storage power stations is constructed. The substitution benefits of energy storage power stations include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of reducing carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

2. The method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The market power balance constraint is: In the formula, and are the dual multipliers of the corresponding constraints at time t; To share energy storage as the main power generation entity in the electricity market; The charging power for shared energy storage as an electricity user in the electricity market; and are the green electricity decomposition of photovoltaic power station and wind farm at time t respectively; The green electricity consumption agreed upon by the power user at time t according to the green electricity custom curve; and are the output power limits of the photovoltaic power station and wind farm participating in the market at time t; G en A collection of thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market; The planned output of thermal power units that do not participate in the electricity market at time t; is the net load of the non-market part at time t; The charging power of shared energy storage in the deep peak load regulation market; G bd A collection of thermal power units that are obliged to provide basic peak load regulation services; G is the basic peak load regulation power provided by the obligated units at time t; dp A collection of thermal power units participating in deep peak load regulation services; The safety operation constraints of the thermal power unit are: Where P f,t is the output of thermal power unit f at time t; In the formula, is the minimum technical output of thermal power unit f under normal conditions; and are the maximum and minimum technical outputs of thermal power unit f respectively; and They are respectively the up and down ramp rate constraints of thermal power unit f; The power constraints of the thermal power units and power user loads are: In the formula, For thermal power unit fh in the spot market f The declared power limit of the segment; For the peak load market, thermal power units df The upper limit of power reduction reported in the file; For electricity user u in the hth u The declared power limit of the segment.

3. The method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage power station's substitution benefit on the power supply side is W ele for: In the formula, RE a It is a collection of new energy stations participating in the electricity market in the area where the energy storage is located; T e is the market transaction cycle; and They are the spot trading electricity of the new energy station re at time t before and after the energy storage power station joins the power system; and They are the green electricity trading volume of the new energy station re at time t before and after the energy storage power station participates in the electricity market; is the clearing electricity price at time t when there is an energy storage power station; is the clearing electricity price at time t when there is no energy storage power station; is the green electricity trading price of the new energy station re; Δt is the micro-time in the market trading cycle.

4. The method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The replacement benefit W of the energy storage power station on the grid side grid for: In the formula, h eq is the capacity factor, which is determined according to the continuous discharge duration of the energy storage power station; is the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage power station; λ exp is the unit capacity expansion cost of the transmission and distribution equipment, and the equivalent capacity of the energy storage power station is used to estimate the reduced transmission and distribution equipment capacity; r is the discount rate; T def Delay the upgrading and transformation of power transmission and distribution equipment for energy storage power stations; N ESS The life cycle of the energy storage power station.

5. The method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The replacement benefit W of the energy storage power station on the user side user for: Where, T e is the market transaction cycle; U em A collection of electricity users participating in the electricity market; u The quotation segment number of electricity user u; is the spot clearing electricity price at time t when there is no energy storage power station; The hth power user u at time t when there is no energy storage power station u Section winning bid load; is the spot clearing electricity price at time t when there is an energy storage power station.

6. The method for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The replacement benefit W of the energy storage power station on carbon emission reduction of the power system carb for: In the formula, μ fire is the carbon emission factor of thermal power units; re is the new energy station; RE a It is a collection of new energy stations participating in the electricity market in the area where the energy storage power station is located; T e is the market transaction cycle; and are the spot trading electricity of the new energy station re at time t before and after the energy storage power station joins the power system; Δt is the small time in the market trading cycle; f is the thermal power unit; G em A collection of thermal power units participating in the electricity market; The spot trading electricity of the thermal power unit at time t after the energy storage power station is added to the power system; The spot trading electricity volume of the thermal power unit at time t before the energy storage power station is added to the power system.

7. A device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, characterized in that: The device is applied to the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and the device comprises: The market clearing model construction module is used to construct a spot-peak-shaving joint market clearing model coupled with green power trading. The model aims to minimize the market operation cost. The constraints of the model include market power balance constraints, thermal power unit safety operation constraints, and power constraints of thermal power units and power user loads. The energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation module is used to construct an energy storage power station substitution benefit calculation model. The energy storage power station substitution benefits include the benefits of improving the benefits of new energy by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the cost of power transmission and distribution equipment capacity on the grid side by introducing energy storage power stations, reducing the electricity costs of power users by introducing energy storage power stations, and reducing the benefits of carbon emissions from the power system by introducing energy storage power stations.

8. A device for calculating the substitution benefit of a centralized energy storage power station under multi-market cooperation, characterized in that: including memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer program code and transmit the computer program code to the processor; The processor is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 according to the instructions in the computer program code.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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