A set of tree management methods to reduce the rate of deformed fruit in Jinyan kiwifruit

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tree management method for reducing the rate of deformed fruit in Jinyan kiwifruit. Based on the traditional three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch", the fruiting branches of the third-level tree structure in the current year are retained as fruiting mother branches in the following year, thereby forming a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch". At the same time, the conventional winter pruning of fruiting mother branches is replaced by early spring pruning of fruiting mother branches, which reduces the nutrient content level of the fruiting mother branches, promotes the normal morphological differentiation of flower buds, reduces the rate of deformed flower buds in flower bud morphological differentiation, and further reduces the rate of deformed fruit, thereby increasing the commercial fruit rate of Jinyan kiwifruit in mature orchards by more than 20%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwifruit cultivation, and in particular relates to a tree management method for reducing the ratio of deformed fruits of Jinyan kiwifruit. Background Art

[0002] The Jinyan kiwifruit boasts large fruit, high yield, strong resistance, excellent fruit quality, and excellent storage resistance. Currently, production areas primarily utilize a three-tiered tree structure of "trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch," with a smaller number of secondary "trunk-fruiting mother branch" structures. During actual planting and production, it has been found that as the trees age and accumulate nutrients, the rate of deformed fruit increases. In the first two years of fruiting, the fruit exhibits a regular, long, cylindrical shape. By the third year and beyond, the rate of flattened fruit increases, and fruit deformities are common. In some orchards, the rate of deformed fruit exceeds 30%, severely impacting consumer purchasing power and driving down purchase prices. This reduces the profitability of growers and hinders industry development. Conventional tree management methods are no longer sufficient to address the challenges facing the Jinyan kiwifruit, failing to ensure a high commercial yield and orchard profitability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and research a set of practical and effective tree management techniques for Jinyan kiwifruit to reduce the rate of deformed fruits, increase the rate of commercial fruits, give full play to the advantages of Jinyan kiwifruit, ensure the benefits of the orchard, and promote industrial development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing conventional patterned pruning methods and provide a tree management method for reducing the ratio of deformed fruits of Actinidia chinensis.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] Fully considering the time nodes and nutritional needs of the flower bud morphological differentiation of the Jinyan kiwifruit tree, as well as the tree's pruning response in different environments and the nutritional content levels of different branch states, by selecting branches of appropriate thickness and density, and changing the tree structure, extending the nutrient delivery pathway, slowing the nutrient delivery process, reducing the ratio of deformed flower buds in flower bud morphological differentiation, and thus reducing the ratio of deformed fruits and increasing the commercial fruit rate.

[0006] A tree management method for reducing the rate of deformed fruit in Jinyan kiwifruit includes the following steps:

[0007] ① Branch selection: Select strong one-year-old branches growing from the main vine, with a diameter of 1-1.3 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base. For a tree with one trunk and two vines, retain one branch every 25-30 cm on the same side as the fruiting mother branches for the second year. For a tree with a round head, retain 12±2 branches evenly distributed around the main trunk as the fruiting mother branches for the second year, and remove all other unnecessary branches.

[0008] ②Treatment of retained branches: Do not prune the retained fruiting mother branches in winter. When they sprout and grow to 10-15cm in the spring of the following year, cut them at a diameter of 0.8cm and remove the thin and weak part at the end;

[0009] ③Transform the tree structure: gradually transform the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" in winter into a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch", that is, keep the fruiting branches of the three-level tree structure in the current year as the fruiting mother branches of the next year, with a branch spacing of 25-35cm, thus forming a four-level tree structure.

[0010] Preferably, the Actinidia chinensis plant is an adult tree with an age of more than 4 years.

[0011] Preferably, in winter, branches growing at the base of the fruiting mother branches or on the side vines and with a diameter less than 1 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base are kept 5-10 cm short.

[0012] Preferably, before June, the vigorous shoots growing on the base of the fruiting mother branches or on the side vines are twisted when the branches are semi-lignified or shortened to 5-15 cm when the branches are 30-40 cm, and the buds on the main trunk, the back buds on other branches, and the buds that emerge after June are erased.

[0013] This method mainly considers the time nodes of flower bud morphological differentiation of Jinyan kiwifruit and the nutritional content levels of branches of various thickness states, changes the conventional winter pruning of fruiting mother branches to early spring pruning of fruiting mother branches, changes the three-level tree structure to the four-level tree structure, relaxes the nutritional content level of fruiting mother branches, promotes the normal progress of flower bud morphological differentiation, reduces the ratio of deformed flower buds in flower bud morphological differentiation, and thus reduces the ratio of deformed fruits, thereby increasing the commercial fruit rate of Jinyan kiwifruit mature orchards by more than 20%.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0015] ①This method is easy to understand, simple to operate, and does not increase investment;

[0016] ② Increase the commercial fruit rate of Jinyan kiwifruit by more than 20% to ensure orchard output and industrial benefits;

[0017] ③ Used for the management of Golden Kiwifruit trees during the dormant and growing periods. Under normal management levels, it can not only maintain the standard tree shape, but also ensure yield benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a conventional three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch".

[0019] Figure 2 It is a modified four-level structure tree of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch". DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Example 1 Effects of Four-Level Structure Pruning and Spring Pruning on the Ratio of Golden Deformed Fruit

[0021] Eight-year-old golden kiwifruit trees in Xinghua Village, Xijiadian Town, Danjiangkou City were selected as experimental materials. Two treatments were set up in the experiment: treatment one: winter pruning of plants with a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" + winter pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches; treatment two: winter pruning of plants with a three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + spring pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches. The control was winter pruning of plants with a three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + winter pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches. Each treatment had 5 plants, and was repeated 3 times, that is, a total of 15 plants in each treatment. The specific methods are as follows:

[0022] ① Select branches: Select strong one-year-old branches growing on the main vine, with a diameter of 1-1.3 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base, and retain a branch every 25-30 cm as the fruiting mother branch for the second year, and cut off other redundant branches;

[0023] ②Treatment of retained branches: In treatment 1 and the control, the retained fruiting mother branches were pruned at a diameter of 0.8 cm in late December; in treatment 2, the retained fruiting mother branches were not pruned in winter. In the spring of the following year, when the shoots sprouted and were 15 cm long, they were pruned at a diameter of 0.8 cm to remove the thin and weak parts at the end;

[0024] ③Reform the tree structure: Treat the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" in winter ( Figure 1 ) gradually transformed into a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" ( Figure 2 ), that is, the fruiting branches of the third-level tree structure in the current year were reserved as the fruiting mother branches (fourth-level branches) of the following year, with a branch spacing of 25-35 cm; the control and treatment 2 retained the third-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branches";

[0025] ④ Other tree management: In winter, branches growing on the base of fruiting branches or side vines but with a base thickness of 10-15 cm and less than 1 cm should be cut back to 5-10 cm. Before June, vigorous shoots growing on the base of fruiting branches or side vines should be twisted when they are semi-lignified or cut back to 10 cm when they are 30-40 cm. Buds on the main trunk, buds on the back of other branches, and buds that appear after June should be removed.

[0026] Three fruiting mother branches were randomly marked on 15 fruit trees in each treatment and control. Bud removal, lateral flower and floret thinning, lateral fruit thinning, small fruit thinning, and fertilizer and water management were performed as normal in spring. When the fruits ripened in autumn, all fruits on the marked branches were collected. The transverse and lateral diameters of the fruits were measured with a vernier caliper, and the ratio of lateral diameter to transverse diameter was calculated. Fruits with a ratio greater than or equal to 0.8 were classified as normal commercial fruit, while those with a ratio less than 0.8 were classified as deformed.

[0027] The statistical results showed that the deformed fruit rate of the control group was 38.5%, and the commercial fruit rate was 61.5%; the deformed fruit rate of the group treated with winter pruning of the four-level structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" was 24.3%, and the commercial fruit rate was 75.7%; the deformed fruit rate of the group treated with winter pruning of the three-level structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + spring pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches was 19.6%, and the commercial fruit rate was 80.4%.

[0028] Compared with the control group (three-level structure winter pruning), the commercial fruit rate of the four-level structure winter pruning treatment increased by 23.1%, and the deformed fruit rate decreased by 36.9%; the commercial fruit rate of the three-level structure reserved fruiting mother branches spring pruning treatment increased by 30.7% and the deformed fruit rate decreased by 49.1% compared with the control group; the two treatments had a significant effect on reducing the deformed fruit rate of Jinyan and increasing the commercial fruit rate, and the operation was simple and easy, without additional investment, and was suitable for promotion to the industry.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the rate of deformed fruit in Actinidia chinensis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ① Branch selection: Select strong one-year-old branches growing from the main vine, with a diameter of 1-1.3 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base. For a tree with one trunk and two vines, retain one branch every 25-30 cm on the same side as the fruiting mother branches for the second year. For a tree with a round head, retain 12±2 branches evenly distributed around the main trunk as the fruiting mother branches for the second year, and remove all other unnecessary branches. ②Treatment of retained branches: Do not prune the retained fruiting mother branches in winter. When they sprout and grow to 10-15 cm in length in the spring of the following year, cut them at a diameter of 0.8 cm and remove the thin and weak part at the end. ③Transform the tree structure: gradually transform the three-level tree structure of main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch in winter into a four-level tree structure of main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch, that is, keep the fruiting branches of the three-level tree structure in the current year as the fruiting mother branches of the next year, with a branch spacing of 25-35 cm, thus forming a four-level tree structure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The golden kiwi fruit plant is an adult tree with an age of more than 4 years.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In winter, branches growing at the base of fruiting branches or on side vines and with a diameter less than 1 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base should be pruned back to 5-10 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before June, the vigorous shoots growing at the base of the fruiting mother branches or on the side vines should be twisted when the branches are semi-lignified or cut back to 5-15 cm when the branches are 30-40 cm. The buds on the main trunk, the lower buds on other branches, and the buds that appear after June should be removed.

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