Blueberry leaf powder feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of powder feeds, and discloses a blueberry leaf powder feed and a preparation method thereof.The blueberry leaf powder feed is prepared from 200-220 g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60 g of medicago sativa, 20-40 g of ryegrass, 30-50 g of Russian feed vegetables, 3-5 g of perilla leaves, 5-10 g of mulberry leaves, 10-20 g of straw powder, 10-16 g of soybean meal, 10-30 g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2 g of compound vitamins, 0.2-0.4 g of compound amino acid and 300-400 g of a carrier. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning the raw materials, mixing and stirring, measuring the water content, preparing emulsion, and mixing the components to obtain the blueberry leaf powder feed. The low-cost blueberry leaf powder is adopted as the main raw material, the main nutrition of the blueberry leaves is reserved to form the blueberry leaf powder feed, and then the blueberry leaves contain various nutritional ingredients such as protein, dietary fibers, vitamins, mineral substances and polyphenol compounds, so that animal health is maintained, metabolism is promoted, immunity is enhanced, livestock breeding and growth are facilitated, and the economic benefit is increased. The oxidation resistance of the feed in the storage process is facilitated, and the preservation time of the blueberry leaf powder feed is long.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of powdered feed, in particular to a blueberry leaf powder feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Feed is used in production and breeding, mainly including granular feed, crushed feed, liquid feed and powdered feed. Feed is selected according to different breeding needs.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a sea cucumber powder feed and a processing method thereof disclosed in application number: CN201110198939.X, wherein the processing steps include: collecting the required raw materials according to the above-mentioned component ratio for standby use; degumming the kelp therein to obtain the degummed kelp; sun-drying the degummed kelp, sargassum, and Ulva pertusa respectively; coarsely crushing the four dried raw materials respectively; and then mixing them according to the required ratio; mixing the above-mentioned four crushed raw materials with fish meal in proportion, and then putting the mixed raw materials into a mixer to fully mix them, and finally putting them into an ultrafine grinder to crush them to 150-300 meshes, and then mixing them with multivitamins and yeast powder in proportion for sealed packaging.

[0004] However, the preparation method of the sea cucumber powder feed mentioned in the prior art requires degumming, drying and other operations, the feed has poor digestion effect and is not easily absorbed, and has poor antioxidant effect. The feed is prone to mildew during storage, which affects the quality of the feed. Therefore, it is necessary to design a blueberry leaf powder feed and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a blueberry leaf powder feed and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, the preparation method specifically comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Wash blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder vegetables, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials;

[0009] S2, respectively put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder, pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture;

[0010] S3, weighing the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and fully mixing them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain the required emulsion;

[0011] S4, preparing the composite vitamins and composite amino acids in proportion, weighing the carrier according to the mass ratio, putting the carrier into a blender, adding the composite vitamins and composite amino acids, stirring and mixing evenly, and obtaining a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids;

[0012] S5, placing the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender, stirring continuously for 20-30 min to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder, and then adding straw powder and soybean meal, and continuing to mix for 10-20 min to obtain a semi-finished feed;

[0013] S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0014] Furthermore, the raw material ratio required for the preparation of the blueberry leaf powder feed is: 200-220g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g of alfalfa, 20-40g of ryegrass, 30-50g of Russian fodder, 3-5g of perilla leaves, 5-10g of mulberry leaves, 10-20g of straw powder, 10-16g of soybean meal, 10-30g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2g of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g of complex amino acids, and 300-400g of carrier.

[0015] Furthermore, the complex vitamin consists of vitamin A, vitamin C, biotin, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin K3, and the mass ratio of each vitamin is: 1-2:1-2:1:1:2-4:1.

[0016] Furthermore, the composite amino acid is assembled from leucine, serine, glutamine and tryptophan, and the mass ratio of each amino acid is 2:1:1-2:2-3.

[0017] Furthermore, the carrier is one of starch and wheat flour.

[0018] Furthermore, the emulsion is composed of a mixture of water, oil, emulsifier, mildew preventer, fragrance and antioxidant;

[0019] The amount of water added is the difference between the target moisture content and the actual moisture content of the material, and the amount of oil added is 1-2 times the amount of water.

[0020] Furthermore, the flavoring agent is one of ethyl vanillin and ethyl maltol.

[0021] Furthermore, the mildew inhibitor is selected from one or more of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, calcium propionate, dimethyl fumarate or p-hydroxybenzoate.

[0022] Furthermore, the antioxidant is vitamin E or beta-carotene, and the added amount is 0.02%-0.1% of the oil amount when the temperature is above 32°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the emulsifier is an emulsifier with an HLB value lower than 9, and the added amount thereof is 0.5%-3% of the oil.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] 1. The blueberry leaf powder feed of the present invention adopts low-cost blueberry leaf powder as the main raw material, retains the main nutrients of blueberry leaves to form blueberry leaf powder feed, and then the blueberry leaves contain protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, polyphenol compounds and other nutrients, which can maintain animal health, promote metabolism, enhance immunity, help livestock breeding and growth, and help the antioxidant property of feed during storage. The blueberry leaf powder feed has a long shelf life;

[0026] 2. The blueberry leaf powder feed of the present invention is added with alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves and mulberry leaves, so as to add a variety of nutrients to the feed. The feed is rich in nutrition, the raw materials are cheap, the production cost is low, the crude protein and crude fat of the blueberry leaf powder feed are increased, the nutrition of the blueberry leaf powder feed is improved, the crude protein and crude fat content of the prepared feed are high, the palatability is good, the growth cycle of the raised animals is short, the daily growth rate is high, and the feed is suitable for the breeding of various animals;

[0027] 3. The preparation method of the blueberry leaf powder feed of the present invention supplements the ingredients in the blueberry leaf powder feed by adding emulsion to make up for the missing nutrients in the blueberry leaf powder feed, and at the same time, oil and water are added in a mixed manner to control the moisture content in the blueberry leaf powder feed, thereby reducing the water loss rate in the feed, improving the water locking effect of the feed, and ensuring the quality of the feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the dry basis moisture content of blueberry leaf powder and time at different temperatures of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the moisture ratio of blueberry leaf powder and time at different temperatures of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the water loss rate and time of blueberry leaf powder at different temperatures of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4This is a graph showing the change in dry matter content during the blueberry leaf crushing process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] A blueberry leaf powder feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-220g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g of alfalfa, 20-40g of ryegrass, 30-50g of Russian fodder, 3-5g of perilla leaf, 5-10g of mulberry leaf, 10-20g of straw powder, 10-16g of soybean meal, 10-30g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2g of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g of complex amino acids and 300-400g of a carrier.

[0035] Among them, the blueberry leaves selected were "Anjia No. 3" from the Duxiu Valley Blueberry Base in Huaining County, Anqing City, Anhui Province. First, the harvested blueberry leaves were pretreated as follows: about 200g of blueberry leaves were weighed, washed with running water, and the water was drained. The blueberry leaves were evenly spread on a tray and placed in a preheated drying oven. The blueberry leaves were vacuum freeze-dried to obtain constant weight. After drying, they were immediately crushed and sieved through a 60-mesh sieve. Finally, the crushed blueberry leaf powder was sealed in a plastic bag and stored at -4°C for further testing.

[0036] The blueberry leaf powder was tested as follows:

[0037] 1. Determination of rehydration ratio

[0038] Determination of rehydration ratio: accurately weigh 3g of dried blueberry leaf sample and place it in a 500ml beaker, add 500ml of distilled water, rehydrate in a 40℃ water bath for 60min, remove surface moisture with filter paper, weigh and record, repeat 3 times and take the average value. The rehydration ratio calculation formula is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] 2. Color difference measurement

[0041] The L* (brightness), a* (redness and greenness), and b* (yellowness and blueness) of the dried blueberry leaf powder were measured using a CR-10 Plus colorimeter. Each sample was measured three times and the average value was taken.

[0042] 3. Microstructure determination

[0043] The surface morphology of the dried blueberry leaf powder samples was observed using a SU8010 scanning electron microscope. A small amount of blueberry leaf powder was evenly spread on a special aluminum stage for a scanning electron microscope with double-sided tape. The excess sample was blown away and processed, and the microstructure of the blueberry leaf powder was observed under a scanning electron microscope at 500 times the magnification.

[0044] 4. Determination of nutritional ingredients

[0045] 4.1. Determination of reducing sugar content

[0046] Take 0.5mL of the sample solution to be tested in a 15mL test tube, add 1.5mL of DNS reagent, shake well and heat in a boiling water bath for 5min, cool to room temperature, and make up to 15mL with distilled water. Measure the absorbance at 540nm. Take glucose solution as the standard, measure the absorbance at 540nm after gradient dilution, draw a standard curve, and get the regression equation y=1.3664x+0.0053, correlation coefficient R2=0.9998, calculate the reducing sugar content of the sample. Repeat 3 times and take the average value. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula: C is the reducing sugar content in the sample solution, in mg / g; Q is the reducing sugar content in the test solution, in mg / mL; V is the total volume of the sample solution, in mL; M is the sample mass, in g.

[0049] 4.2 Determination of soluble protein content

[0050] The soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 staining. Bovine serum albumin was used as the standard, the absorbance was measured at 59nm, and a standard curve was drawn. The regression equation y=11.37x+0.6844 was obtained, and the correlation coefficient R2=0.9999. Accurately measure 1mL of the sample to be tested in a 10mL test tube, then add distilled water to make the solution volume of each test tube 2.0mL, add 5mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 solution to each test tube, shake well, fully react at room temperature for 5min, and quickly measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 595nm. Calculate the soluble protein content of the sample, repeat 3 times and take the average value, and the calculation formula is the same as the reducing sugar content determination.

[0051] 5. Determination of total phenol content

[0052] The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for determination: 1 mL of the sample solution to be tested was accurately measured in a 10 mL test tube, 1 mL of 1 mol / L Folin phenol reagent, 3 mL of 7.5% Na2CO3 solution by mass, and distilled water was added to the scale; after mixing, it was kept in a 30°C water bath in the dark for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 760 nm. Gallic acid was used as the standard, and the absorbance was measured at 750 nm after gradient dilution. The standard curve was drawn, and the regression equation was y = 16.337x + 0.0495, with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9996, and the total phenol content of the sample was calculated. Repeat 3 times and take the average value. The calculation formula is as follows.

[0053]

[0054] Where: W is the total phenol content in the sample solution, unit is mg / g; c is the total phenol content in the test solution, unit is mg / mL; D is the dilution multiple of the test sample; V is the total volume of the sample solution, unit is mL; m is the sample mass, unit is g.

[0055] 6. Determination of total flavonoid content

[0056] Determine by NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH method. Accurately measure 1mL of the sample solution to be tested in a 10mL test tube, add 0.3mL of 5% NaNO2 solution, mix well and react for 6 minutes; add 0.3mL of 10% Al(NO3)3 solution, shake well and let stand for 6 minutes; add 4mL of 1mol / L NaOH solution, add methanol to the scale, shake well and let stand for 10 minutes. Measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 510nm.

[0057] Using rutin solution as standard, absorbance was measured at 510nm after gradient dilution, and a rutin standard curve was drawn. The regression equation was y=6.7703x+0.0251, and the correlation coefficient R2=0.9991. The determination result of total flavonoid content in the sample solution was expressed as rutin equivalent (mg / g (dry basis)), and the average value was taken after 3 times of repeating. The calculation formula was the same as the calculation formula of total phenol content.

[0058] After testing: Wanjia No. 3 has a high rehydration ratio of 2.85g / g. Wanjia No. 3 has a looser cell structure and more hydrophilic substances, which makes it easier to absorb more water during the rehydration process.

[0059] Because the yellow pigment in blueberry leaves may have high thermal stability and antioxidant properties, it can maintain relatively stable content and color under different drying conditions.

[0060] The surface microstructure of Wanjia No. 3 after drying is the most complete. Wanjia No. 3 has a relatively tough and stable organizational structure, which enables it to better resist deformation and damage during the drying process and maintain its original appearance to a certain extent.

[0061] The reducing sugar content of Wanjia No. 3 in vacuum freeze-drying is as high as 35.03 mg / g, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the reducing sugar active ingredients in blueberry leaves.

[0062] After vacuum freeze drying, there was no significant difference in soluble protein in Wanjia No. 3 blueberry leaves (p<0.05). In the case of far-infrared drying, the water molecules inside the material are heated by far-infrared radiation, and the temperature may rise rapidly. High temperature environment can easily cause protein denaturation or degradation, thereby reducing the content of soluble protein.

[0063] The total phenol content of dried blueberry leaves was determined to be 12.2-141.12 mg / g. Blueberry leaves carry genetic genes that are beneficial to the synthesis of total phenolic substances and have higher related enzyme activities, enabling them to synthesize and accumulate more total phenolic substances.

[0064] The total flavonoid content in blueberry leaves is low. They carry genes that are not conducive to the synthesis of total flavonoids, or the activity of related enzymes in their metabolic pathways is low, resulting in a relatively low total flavonoid content.

[0065] The complex vitamins in the above raw materials are composed of vitamin A, vitamin C, biotin, vitamin D, vitamin B6 and vitamin K3, and the mass ratio of each vitamin is: 1-2:1-2:1:1:2-4:1.

[0066] The composite amino acid is assembled from leucine, serine, glutamine and tryptophan, and the mass ratio of each amino acid is 2:1:1-2:2-3.

[0067] The carrier is one of starch and wheat flour.

[0068] The emulsion is composed of a mixture of water, oil, emulsifier, mildew preventer, fragrance and antioxidant, among which:

[0069] The flavoring agent is one of ethyl vanillin and ethyl maltol.

[0070] The mildew preventer is selected from one or more of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, calcium propionate, dimethyl fumarate or p-hydroxybenzoate. The mildew preventer is adjusted to 0.02%-0.1% by weight of the powdered feed in the rainy season.

[0071] The antioxidant is vitamin E or beta-carotene, which is mainly used to inhibit the oxidation of blueberry leaf powder and improve the quality of feed. It is added at 0.02%-0.1% of the oil amount when the weather temperature is above 32°C.

[0072] The emulsifier used is one with an HLB value lower than 9, and the added amount thereof is 0.5% to 3% of the oil.

[0073] The amount of water added is the difference between the target moisture content and the actual moisture content of the material, and the amount of oil added is 1-2 times the amount of water.

[0074] A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1. Wash blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder vegetables, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials.

[0076] S2. Put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder respectively, pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture.

[0077] S3. Weigh the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and mix them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain the required emulsion.

[0078] S4. Prepare the complex vitamins and complex amino acids in proportion, select a suitable carrier, weigh the carrier according to the mass ratio, put it into a blender, add the complex vitamins and complex amino acids, stir and mix evenly, and obtain a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids.

[0079] S5. Place the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender, and continue to stir for 20-30 minutes to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder, and then add straw powder and soybean meal, and continue to mix for 10-20 minutes to obtain a semi-finished feed.

[0080] S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] The raw material ratio for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed is as follows: 200-220g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g of alfalfa, 20-40g of ryegrass, 30-50g of Russian fodder, 3-5g of perilla leaf, 5-10g of mulberry leaf, 10-20g of straw powder, 10-16g of soybean meal, 10-30g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2g of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g of complex amino acids, and 300-400g of carrier.

[0083] A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0084] S1. Wash 200 g of blueberry leaf powder, 40 g of alfalfa, 20 g of ryegrass, 30 g of Russian fodder vegetable, 3 g of perilla leaf, and 5 g of mulberry leaf, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials.

[0085] S2. Put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder respectively, pass through a 40-mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture.

[0086] S3. Weigh the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and mix them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain 10g of the required emulsion.

[0087] S4. Prepare 0.8 g of complex vitamins and 0.2 g of complex amino acids in proportion, select a suitable carrier, weigh 300 g of the carrier according to the mass ratio, put it into a blender, add the complex vitamins and complex amino acids, stir and mix evenly, and obtain a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids.

[0088] S5. Place the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender and continue stirring for 20 minutes to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder. Then add 10 g of straw powder and 10 g of soybean meal and continue mixing for 10 minutes to obtain a semi-finished feed.

[0089] S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] The raw material ratio for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed is as follows: 200-220g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g of alfalfa, 20-40g of ryegrass, 30-50g of Russian fodder, 3-5g of perilla leaf, 5-10g of mulberry leaf, 10-20g of straw powder, 10-16g of soybean meal, 10-30g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2g of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g of complex amino acids, and 300-400g of carrier.

[0092] A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0093] S1. Wash 210 g of blueberry leaf powder, 50 g of alfalfa, 30 g of ryegrass, 40 g of Russian fodder, 4 g of perilla leaves, and 8 g of mulberry leaves, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials.

[0094] S2. Put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder respectively, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture.

[0095] S3. Weigh the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and mix them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain 20g of the required emulsion.

[0096] S4. Prepare 1.0 g of complex vitamins and 0.3 g of complex amino acids in proportion, select a suitable carrier, weigh 350 g of the carrier according to the mass ratio, put it into a blender, add the complex vitamins and complex amino acids, stir and mix evenly, and obtain a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids.

[0097] S5. Place the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender and continue stirring for 25 minutes to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder. Then add 15 g of straw powder and 13 g of soybean meal and continue mixing for 15 minutes to obtain a semi-finished feed.

[0098] S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] The raw material ratio for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed is as follows: 200-220g of blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g of alfalfa, 20-40g of ryegrass, 30-50g of Russian fodder, 3-5g of perilla leaf, 5-10g of mulberry leaf, 10-20g of straw powder, 10-16g of soybean meal, 10-30g of emulsion, 0.8-1.2g of complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g of complex amino acids, and 300-400g of carrier.

[0101] A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0102] S1. Wash 220 g of blueberry leaf powder, 60 g of alfalfa, 40 g of ryegrass, 50 g of Russian fodder, 5 g of perilla leaves, and 10 g of mulberry leaves, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials.

[0103] S2. Put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder respectively, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture.

[0104] S3. Weigh the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and mix them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain 30 g of the required emulsion.

[0105] S4. Prepare 1.2 g of complex vitamins and 0.4 g of complex amino acids in proportion, select a suitable carrier, weigh 400 g of the carrier according to the mass ratio, put it into a blender, add the complex vitamins and complex amino acids, stir and mix evenly, and obtain a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids.

[0106] S5. Place the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender and continue stirring for 30 minutes to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder. Then, add 200 g of straw powder and 16 g of soybean meal and continue mixing for 20 minutes to obtain a semi-finished feed.

[0107] S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0108] In this embodiment, the amount of water added to the emulsion = feed weight * (target moisture content - actual moisture content), so the moisture content of the powdered feed can be controlled, and in the added emulsion, water and oil in the emulsion are stirred and mixed to form water particles wrapped in an oil film, so that the water particles are dispersed in the feed, thereby preventing the feed from being directly in contact with the feed during long-term storage, affecting the quality of the feed, and reducing the activity and volatilization rate of water, thereby ensuring the stability of the moisture content in the blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0109] The mildew inhibitors and antioxidants added to the blueberry leaf powder feed can help delay the mildew and deterioration of the blueberry leaf powder feed and increase the storage time of the blueberry leaf powder feed. At the same time, different addition amounts can be selected according to the different areas where the feed is used. For example, in weather above 32 degrees, 0.06%-0.1% of the oil amount can be added; below 32 degrees, the storage time is long, and 0.02%-0.06% can be added; if the storage time is not long, no addition is required, because blueberry leaves contain antioxidant ingredients, which can help with anti-oxidation in the short term.

[0110] At the same time, for seasons with different humidity, the amount of anti-mildew agent added can be adjusted to adapt to storage in different seasons and improve the quality of blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0111] Blueberry leaf powder is used to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed required for feeding. On the one hand, blueberry leaves contain protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, polyphenol compounds and other ingredients, mainly including protein, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, etc. These ingredients play an important role in maintaining animal health, promoting metabolism, enhancing immunity and other aspects; in addition, blueberry leaves also contain a large amount of polyphenol compounds, such as anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid and proanthocyanidins, etc. These substances have significant antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, anti-tumor and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects; the protein in blueberry leaves is the basic component of animal cells and tissues, and is essential for maintaining life activities; dietary fiber helps promote intestinal peristalsis and improve the digestive system function of poultry and livestock; vitamins include vitamin C, vitamin A, etc., which have antioxidant and immunity-enhancing effects; minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, etc. participate in various biochemical reactions in animals to maintain health and normal blood function.

[0112] At the same time, blueberry leaves are believed to have the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, diuresis and swelling, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, protecting eyes and enhancing immunity in traditional Chinese medicine. Its medicinal value is mainly due to the rich polyphenols and flavonoids in it, which have significant antioxidant effects. The polyphenols in blueberry leaves, especially anthocyanins and flavonoids, have strong antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins are also widely used in skin care products because they can restore collagen vitality and make the skin smooth and elastic.

[0113] On the basis of blueberry leaf powder as the base material, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, mulberry leaves, straw powder and soybean meal are added to improve the taste and nutrition of the feed. This is mainly because alfalfa is a very favorite forage grass of various livestock, especially cattle, sheep and horses. The crude protein content of the leaves is 1 to 1.5 times higher than that of the stems, and the crude fiber content is 50% less than that of the stems. The younger and more tender the leaves, the greater the proportion of the leaves and the higher the nutritional value.

[0114] Ryegrass is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, etc.; minerals such as calcium, iron, zinc, and antioxidant isoflavones; and the trace element selenium that promotes enzyme synthesis and metabolism in animals, helping to maintain the growth of farmed animals.

[0115] Russian fodder vegetables are rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, fiber and calcium. They are suitable for a variety of livestock, including pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks and geese. They have good palatability and a crisp taste, similar to cucumber, and are deeply loved by livestock.

[0116] Perilla leaves, mulberry leaves, straw powder, and soybean meal are used to increase the palatability of feed, improve the satiety of feed, increase the nutritional balance of feed, and improve the absorption rate of feed, thereby accelerating the growth efficiency of livestock.

[0117] In addition, complex vitamins and complex amino acids are added to the blueberry leaf powder feed in this embodiment to make up for the missing trace vitamins and amino acids in the blueberry leaf feed, thereby improving the nutritional content of the feed, facilitating the feeding of livestock, and improving the breeding efficiency.

[0118] In this embodiment, blueberry leaf powder was tested under far infrared radiation. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the figure, at 50°C, the longest time required for blueberry leaf powder to reach a constant weight state is 180 minutes; at 70°C, the shortest time required for blueberry leaf powder to reach a constant weight state is 100 minutes. With the increase of drying time, the dry basis moisture content and moisture ratio of the leaves gradually decrease. The higher the drying temperature, the faster the water loss rate, indicating that the water loss rate of blueberry leaf powder is positively correlated with temperature.

[0119] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the water loss rate of blueberry leaf powder gradually slowed down with the passage of time, and the slowing down trend showed that it first accelerated and then slowed down. In the early stage of the drying process, the water in the blueberry leaf powder evaporated quickly due to the rapid transfer of heat to the blueberry leaf powder, so the water loss rate changed significantly in this stage; however, in the later stage of the drying process, the water migration inside the blueberry leaf powder became relatively slow, resulting in a slowdown in the water loss rate.

[0120] In this embodiment, the Wanjia No. 3 blueberry leaf powder is dried at 70°C for 50 minutes, and the blueberry leaf powder after drying has a dry matter content of 30.15%, a crude protein content of 6.42%, and a crude fat content of 2.22%.

[0121] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, as the particle size increases, the nutritional components of blueberry leaf powder are lost more and more. The particle size of blueberry leaf powder is negatively correlated with the conventional nutrients. During the crushing process, the particle size of blueberry leaf powder continues to increase, and its surface area also increases accordingly. When the blueberry leaf powder particles are small to a certain extent, the crude protein content gradually decreases. This may be because the protein structure is destroyed under the action of high temperature and oxygen, and the soluble amino acids are dissolved in water, resulting in protein loss. When the blueberry leaf powder is crushed to 40 mesh, it is most suitable for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed.

[0122] In this embodiment, the composition of blueberry leaf powder feed and traditional powder feed was tested, and the results were compared in the following table:

[0123]

[0124] In summary, the use of blueberry leaves to prepare feed has good application prospects. Blueberry leaves are a waste product of blueberry farming, which is low-cost and easy to obtain. At the same time, the preparation process is simple and convenient, the preparation process is reliable and simple, and the preparation conditions are low. It is suitable for mass production of feed. It contains a large number of microorganisms that are beneficial to animal health, rich nutrients and unknown growth factors, and can regulate the digestive tract physiology and immune function of animals and improve palatability.

[0125] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed, characterized in that: The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Wash blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder vegetables, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves, and drain the surface moisture of the raw materials; S2, respectively put blueberry leaves, alfalfa, ryegrass, Russian fodder, perilla leaves, and mulberry leaves into an ultrafine grinder, pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain raw material powders, and weigh and mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of the raw materials to obtain a blueberry leaf powder mixture; S3, weighing the mildew inhibitor and antioxidant according to the temperature and humidity of the season, and fully mixing them with the fragrance, emulsifier and oil in proportion to obtain the required emulsion; S4, preparing the composite vitamins and composite amino acids in proportion, weighing the carrier according to the mass ratio, putting the carrier into a blender, adding the composite vitamins and composite amino acids, stirring and mixing evenly, and obtaining a carrier powder rich in vitamins and amino acids; S5, placing the blueberry leaf powder mixture obtained in S2 into a blender, stirring continuously for 20-30 min to mix the blueberry leaf powder mixture with the carrier powder, and then adding straw powder and soybean meal, and continuing to mix for 10-20 min to obtain a semi-finished feed; S6. Put the semi-finished feed into a feed moisture content detector to measure the moisture content of the semi-finished feed, then add water to the emulsion according to the difference with the target moisture content, stir to mix the emulsion evenly, put the emulsion into the semi-finished feed, and continue to stir with the mixer until the emulsion is fully dispersed in the blueberry leaf powder to prepare the blueberry leaf powder feed.

2. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material ratio required for the preparation of blueberry leaf powder feed is: 200-220g blueberry leaf powder, 40-60g alfalfa, 20-40g ryegrass, 30-50g Russian fodder, 3-5g perilla leaf, 5-10g mulberry leaf, 10-20g straw powder, 10-16g soybean meal, 10-30g emulsion, 0.8-1.2g complex vitamins, 0.2-0.4g complex amino acids, and 300-400g carrier.

3. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The complex vitamin consists of vitamin A, vitamin C, biotin, vitamin D, vitamin B6 and vitamin K3, and the mass ratio of each vitamin is 1-2:1-2:1:1:2-4:

1.

4. The method for preparing a blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite amino acid is assembled from leucine, serine, glutamine and tryptophan, and the mass ratio of each amino acid is 2:1:1-2:2-3.

5. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is one of starch and wheat flour.

6. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsion is composed of a mixture of water, oil, emulsifier, mildew preventer, fragrance and antioxidant; The amount of water added is the difference between the target moisture content and the actual moisture content of the material, and the amount of oil added is 1-2 times the amount of water.

7. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flavoring agent is one of ethyl vanillin and ethyl maltol.

8. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mildew preventer is selected from one or more of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, calcium propionate, dimethyl fumarate or p-hydroxybenzoate.

9. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is vitamin E or beta-carotene, and the added amount is 0.02%-0.1% of the oil when the temperature is above 32°C.

10. The method for preparing blueberry leaf powder feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is an emulsifier with HLB lower than 9, and the added amount thereof is 0.5%-3% of the oil.

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