Research method for repairing effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen movement on waist polyfidus injury

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for researching the repairing effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on waist polyfidus injury, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting and grouping experimental animals: selecting healthy adult rats, and randomly dividing the healthy adult rats into a plurality of experimental groups including a conventional exercise group, a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise group, a low-pressure and low-oxygen treatment group and a control group; s2, setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment: simulating a high-altitude environment by using a low-pressure oxygen cabin; the treadmill is used for rat running exercise; and S3, exercise plan implementation: performing exercise training on all the rats in the experimental group on the five-channel running machine. According to the invention, exercise training is carried out in a low-pressure and low-oxygen environment, so that a new physical intervention means is provided for rehabilitation treatment of waist muscle injury; researches show that movement under low-pressure and low-oxygen conditions is beneficial to acceleration of regeneration and repair processes of muscular tissues, which is crucial for rapid recovery of normal functions after acute or chronic waist injury.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hypoxia physiology, and in particular to a method for studying the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle damage. Background Art

[0002] Injury to the lumbar muscles is an important cause of low back pain. As deep muscles of the lumbar and back, the multifidus muscle plays a major role in maintaining spinal stability. When it is injured, the stability of the waist is reduced and the tissue structure changes, leading to low back pain. Zhang et al. used ultrasound multi-parameter imaging to evaluate the lumbar multifidus muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and asymptomatic people. They found that the thickness and area of ​​the multifidus muscles in patients with low back pain were reduced, indicating that lumbar multifidus muscle lesions may be an important cause of low back pain. Exploring the pathophysiological mechanism and intervention strategies of lumbar multifidus muscle injury will provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of low back pain. Skeletal muscle satellite cells are stem cells that play a dominant role in this process and are essential for muscle regeneration.

[0003] Low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise, also known as high-altitude exercise, is a new type of exercise used in professional sports training to improve the physical function of athletes. Studies have reported that the self-renewal, activation and proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells are higher in a low-oxygen environment. Other literature shows that low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise has a positive effect on skeletal muscle satellite cells, but its effect in preventing and improving the regeneration ability of muscle after injury and the regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cells under this condition are not clear. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a research method for the repairing effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for studying the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Experimental animal selection and grouping: Healthy adult rats were selected and randomly divided into several experimental groups, including conventional exercise group (E), hypobaric hypoxic exercise group (HH+E), hypobaric hypoxic treatment group (HH), and control group (Con);

[0008] S2: Setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment: Using a low-pressure oxygen chamber to simulate a high-altitude environment; used for running exercises in rats;

[0009] S3: Implementation of exercise program: Rats in all experimental groups were trained on a five-channel treadmill;

[0010] S4: Establishment of multifidus muscle injury model: After exercise, BaCl2 solution was injected into the multifidus muscle of the lumbar region of rats to simulate muscle injury; the injection volume was calculated based on body weight to ensure adequate absorption of the drug;

[0011] S5: Observation indicators and evaluation: Evans blue staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to evaluate the degree of muscle damage and recovery; the open field test and rotarod fatigue test were used to evaluate the changes in rat behavior and muscle endurance;

[0012] S6: Data Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to compare the differences between the groups and determine the effect of hypobaric hypoxic exercise on the recovery of multifidus muscle injury.

[0013] Preferably, in S2, the altitude is set to 2500 meters, the air pressure rise and fall time is 5 minutes, and it is maintained for 35 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the first three days of the exercise training are an adaptation period, with the speed set at 9 m / min for 20 minutes per day; after the adaptation period, a one-week pre-training is conducted, with 20 minutes of exercise at a speed of 15 m / min after warming up; during the formal training period, 30 minutes of exercise is conducted at a speed of 20 m / min after 5 minutes of warm-up; the total training cycle is two weeks.

[0015] Preferably, the selection and grouping of experimental animals in S1 are as follows:

[0016] S11: Animal selection: Healthy adult male rats of similar age were selected to ensure the same genetic background and living environment to reduce the impact of individual differences on the experimental results; all animals underwent health examinations before the experiment to rule out potential diseases;

[0017] S12: Adaptation period: Before the experiment, all rats underwent a one-week adaptation period in the laboratory environment to familiarize themselves with the environment and reduce stress responses. During this period, they received daily care, including feeding, water, and maintaining the light cycle.

[0018] S13: Random grouping: The rats were randomly assigned to different experimental and control groups using a random number table to ensure randomness and balance of grouping; each group contained at least 6-8 rats to ensure statistical power;

[0019] S14: Marking and Identification: Mark each rat, such as ear tags or tattoos, to facilitate individual identification and tracking during the experiment;

[0020] S15: Baseline data collection: Before the formal experiment begins, collect baseline data of all rats, including body weight, basic physiological indicators, etc., to provide initial reference values ​​for subsequent comparisons.

[0021] Preferably: in S13, the specific grouping and training methods are as follows:

[0022] Conventional exercise group (E): rats were trained on a treadmill under normobaric and normoxic conditions;

[0023] Hypobaric and hypoxic exercise group (HH+E): rats were trained on a treadmill in a simulated hypobaric and hypoxic environment;

[0024] Hypobaric and hypoxic treatment group (HH): rats were only placed in a hypobaric and hypoxic environment without treadmill training;

[0025] Control group (Con): Rats were housed in a normobaric and normoxic environment without any intervention measures.

[0026] Preferably, the step S2 of setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] S21: Equipment inspection and preheating: Conduct a comprehensive equipment inspection before the experiment, including the sealing of the hypobaric oxygen chamber, the accuracy of the oxygen concentration monitor, etc., to ensure that the equipment operates normally; preheat the hypobaric oxygen chamber to reach the initially set environmental parameters;

[0028] S22: Environmental parameter setting: Set the simulated altitude according to research needs, such as 2500 meters, adjust the air pressure and oxygen concentration to simulate low-pressure and low-oxygen conditions; record all set parameters for later analysis;

[0029] S23: Environmental stability: Before the animals enter, let the hypobaric oxygen chamber run for at least half an hour to ensure that the environmental parameters are stable at a constant level to avoid stress reactions caused by environmental fluctuations after the animals enter;

[0030] S24: Preparation of monitoring equipment: Install video monitoring and physiological parameter monitoring equipment to record the behavior and physiological reactions of animals in a low-pressure and low-oxygen environment in real time to ensure safety and data integrity.

[0031] Preferably, the implementation of the exercise plan in S3 specifically includes:

[0032] S31: Adaptation training: All animals first undergo treadmill adaptation training without opening the hypobaric oxygen chamber to adapt to the exercise equipment and exercise mode and reduce exercise-related stress; the adaptation training speed is gradually increased to the target speed;

[0033] S32: Pre-training stage: After the adaptation training, the low-pressure oxygen chamber was opened for a week of pre-training to allow the rats to gradually adapt to the low-pressure and low-oxygen environment, and warm-up was performed before each exercise;

[0034] S33: Formal exercise training: After the pre-training, the formal exercise plan began; according to the different groups, it was carried out under normobaric and normoxic conditions and hypobaric and hypoxic conditions; at the same time, the performance and physiological response of each animal were strictly monitored; among them, the conventional exercise group (E) and the hypobaric and hypoxic exercise group (HH+E) carried out this stage of training, while the hypobaric and hypoxic treatment group (HH) and the control group (Con) did not;

[0035] S34: Daily care and monitoring: During training, record each rat's body weight, food intake, water intake and other physiological indicators, and observe whether there are any abnormal behaviors; keep the animal cages clean to avoid health problems caused by unclean environment.

[0036] Preferably, the establishment of the multifidus muscle injury model of S4 specifically includes:

[0037] S41: Anesthesia and skin preparation: Before intramuscular injection, anesthetize the rat with an appropriate dose of anesthetic (such as sodium pentobarbital solution) to reduce pain; prepare and disinfect the injection site to ensure sterile operation;

[0038] S42: Accurate positioning: Accurately locate the multifidus muscle by palpation and anatomical landmarks; use a marker pen to mark the injection point on the skin to ensure accurate injection;

[0039] S43: Injection implementation: Use a fine injection needle to slowly inject the BaCl2 solution; during the injection, observe the reaction of the rat to avoid tissue damage caused by excessive injection and rapid injection;

[0040] S44: Post-treatment: After injection, the injection site is disinfected again and appropriate antibiotics are given to prevent infection; the rat's awakening process is observed to ensure that it safely recovers from anesthesia to normal activities;

[0041] S45: Pain management: Give appropriate analgesics after surgery to relieve the pain of rats; closely observe the postoperative recovery and deal with complications in a timely manner.

[0042] Preferably, the observation indicators and evaluation of S5 specifically include:

[0043] S51: Macroscopic observation: Regularly record the rats’ weight, activity level, appetite and other macroscopic observable indicators to evaluate the basic health status and recovery process;

[0044] S52: Histological evaluation: At predetermined time points, such as the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after injury, animals were killed in batches and multifidus muscle samples were taken for histological evaluation. Evans blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to observe the degree of muscle fiber damage and regeneration;

[0045] S53: Behavioral tests: open field test and rotarod fatigue test were performed to evaluate the spontaneous behavior, exercise endurance and muscle coordination ability of rats;

[0046] S54: Statistical analysis: Perform statistical analysis on all collected data to compare differences at different time points and between different groups; use methods such as anova multifactorial analysis of variance to ensure the scientificity and accuracy of the results.

[0047] Preferably, the data analysis in S6 specifically includes:

[0048] S61: Data collation: All experimental data are collated and archived according to groups and time points to ensure data integrity and accuracy; missing or abnormal values ​​are analyzed and processed, and data are deleted or replaced when necessary;

[0049] S62: Descriptive statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis of each group of data, including calculation of mean, standard deviation, median, etc., to lay the foundation for further inferential statistical analysis;

[0050] S63: Inferential statistical analysis: Use inferential statistical methods such as anova or t-test to compare differences between different groups and at different time points; for significant results, further perform multiple comparison tests (such as Tukey's SHSD test);

[0051] S64: Correlation and regression analysis: Explore the relationship between different variables, such as the relationship between exercise endurance and muscle regeneration, and use correlation analysis and regression analysis methods to reveal the mutual influence and dependence between variables.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] 1. The present invention provides a new physical intervention method for the rehabilitation treatment of lumbar muscle injuries by performing exercise training under a low-pressure and low-oxygen environment; studies have shown that exercise under low-pressure and low-oxygen conditions helps accelerate the regeneration and repair process of muscle tissue, which is crucial for the rapid recovery of normal function after acute or chronic lumbar injuries.

[0054] 2. The present invention adopts a detailed experimental design, including random grouping, detailed exercise plan implementation, establishment of a multifidus muscle injury model, and rich observation indicators and evaluation methods, to ensure the scientificity and accuracy of the experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 This is a HE staining comparison diagram of a research method for the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury proposed by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2This is a comparison chart of the rotating rod fatigue test in the research method of the low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury proposed in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0058] Embodiment 1:

[0059] A method for studying the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1: Experimental animal selection and grouping: Healthy adult rats were selected and randomly divided into several experimental groups, including conventional exercise group (E), hypobaric hypoxic exercise group (HH+E), hypobaric hypoxic treatment group (HH), and control group (Con);

[0061] S2: Setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment: Using a low-pressure oxygen chamber to simulate a high-altitude environment; used for running exercises in rats;

[0062] S3: Implementation of exercise program: Rats in all experimental groups were trained on a five-channel treadmill;

[0063] S4: Establishment of multifidus muscle injury model: After exercise, BaCl2 solution was injected into the multifidus muscle of the lumbar region of rats to simulate muscle injury; the injection volume was calculated based on body weight to ensure adequate absorption of the drug;

[0064] S5: Observation indicators and evaluation: Evans blue staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to evaluate the degree of muscle damage and recovery; the open field test and rotarod fatigue test were used to evaluate the changes in rat behavior and muscle endurance;

[0065] S6: Data Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to compare the differences between the groups and determine the effect of hypobaric hypoxic exercise on the recovery of multifidus muscle injury.

[0066] Specifically:

[0067] All rats in the exercise groups were subjected to running exercise using a five-channel treadmill. The treadmill was placed in a hypobaric oxygen chamber. The hypobaric oxygen chamber was activated during exercise in the hypobaric and hypoxic exercise group, and the altitude was set to 2500m, the air pressure rise time was 5min, the drop time was 5min, and it was maintained for 35min. The initial adaptation to the treadmill was 3 days, with a speed of 9m / min, 20 minutes a day. After the adaptation training was completed, pre-training was performed for one week. First, warm up for 5 minutes at a speed of 9m / min, and then exercise at a speed of 15m / min for 20min after the warm-up. After the pre-training, formal training began. First, warm up for 5min at a speed of 9m / min, and then exercise at a speed of 20m / min for 30min. The training lasted for two weeks, and the exercise intensity was always maintained at moderate aerobic exercise.

[0068] After exercise, BaCl2 was injected to the lumbar multifidus muscle injury. The rats in the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group, and HH+E+BaCl2 group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1% sodium pentobarbital solution at 5 μL / g. The highest point of the bilateral iliac spine of the rat was connected with the lumbar spine, and the L6 vertebra was located according to the spinous process of the intersection of the line and the spine. Then, 4 points on both sides of the bilateral spine L4-L5 level were selected. After positioning and disinfection, a 1mL syringe was selected to extract 600 μL of 1.2% barium chloride solution at one time. After vertically piercing the skin close to the spinous process, the needle was inserted straight into the needle. After the needle tip touched the articular process and mastoid bone surface, no blood was aspirated, and the barium chloride solution (150 μL×4) was slowly injected into the multifidus muscle at the location to ensure sufficient absorption of the drug. The control group was injected with an equal amount of physiological saline solution in the same way.

[0069] Observation index: Evans blue staining 24 hours before sampling, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 2 ml of 0.5% Evans blue (EB). It is a commonly used non-permeable azo dye preparation. Active cells cannot be stained by it due to their efflux function, while dead cells appear blue. Therefore, it can be used to stain and distinguish live cells. The success of staining is judged by whether the rat skin turns blue.

[0070] Hematoxylin and eosin chromosome score was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 24 hours, followed by conventional ethanol gradient dehydration, paraffin embedding, and sectioning, with a section thickness of 5 μm, dewaxing in xylene, hydration, hematoxylin staining, 1% hydrochloric acid alcohol differentiation, saturated lithium carbonate blueing, eosin staining, dehydration, transparency, and sealing. Muscle cross-sections and longitudinal sections were observed under the microscope. The cross-section sections were observed in the lower left quadrant of each sample. ImageJ software was used to statistically analyze the average cross-sectional area of ​​multifidus muscle fibers on the 14th day after injury from at least 200 muscle fibers, and longitudinal sections were used to observe muscle injury repair.

[0071] Open field test: The open field test was performed before modeling and 1, 7, and 14 days after modeling to evaluate the spontaneous behavior of rats. The rats were gently placed in the open field test area for free movement, and the recording time was 5 minutes. During the test, the movement of the rats in the experimental area was recorded by infrared detection, including the time in the center and edge areas of the experiment, and the total movement distance. At the same time, the offline video recorded by the camera can record the exploration and upright behavior of the rats during the non-movement period. After the open field test of different rats, they were wiped with 75% ethanol solution to remove the odor before the next test to reduce the olfactory interference caused by the odor of different rats.

[0072] Rotarod fatigue test: Exercise endurance and muscle fatigue tests were performed before modeling and 1, 7, and 14 days after modeling. The rat rotarod fatigue instrument was used to evaluate exercise endurance and muscle fatigue. Each group of rats was pre-trained for 2 days before modeling. The rotating rod started from a stationary state and accelerated from 4m / min to 40m / min within 5min. When the rat fell off the rotating rod, the maximum end speed was recorded. Each group of rats underwent 3 tests, with a 20-minute rest between each round of tests.

[0073] Results: HE staining: HE staining showed that on the 3rd day after injury, the cross-sections and longitudinal sections of muscles in all groups treated with BaCl2 showed severe myofiber dissolution, loosely arranged cells, and few intact cells; 7d after injury, regenerated muscle fibers appeared in all groups, among which the hypobaric hypoxic exercise + BaCl2 group (HH+E+BaCl2 group) showed muscle cells with larger cross-sectional areas; 14d after injury, a large number of regenerated muscle fibers appeared in all groups, and the muscle fiber morphology tended to be complete. In order to intuitively understand the regeneration of multifidus muscle, the cross-sectional area of ​​muscles on the 14th day after injury was quantitatively analyzed, and it was found that the cross-sectional area of ​​the HH+E+BaCl2 group was much larger than that of the BaCl2 group, the hypobaric hypoxic + BaCl2 group (H+BaCl2 group) and the exercise + BaCl2 group (E+BaCl2 group) (P<0.01), and there was no difference with the control group.

[0074] Evans blue staining: The accumulation of Evans blue dye can show the degree of muscle fiber damage. The results showed that except for the control group, the other groups showed darker colors on the 3rd day, proving that BaCl2 injection caused serious and extensive damage to the multifidus muscles of each group; on the 7th day, the colors of the HH+BaCl2 group, the E+BaCl2 group and the HH+E+BaCl2 group became slightly lighter, and the color of the BaCl2 group was still darker; on the 14th day, the colors of the groups treated with BaCl2 became lighter, and the HH+E+BaCl2 group had the lightest color, followed by the E+BaCl2 group.

[0075] Total distance walked in the open field of rats: There was no significant difference in the total distance walked in the open field at the beginning among the groups (P>0.05). On the first day after injury, the total distances of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group were significantly shorter than those of the Con group (P<0.01); the total distances of the BaCl2 group and HH+BaCl2 group were shorter than those of the HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.05); on the seventh day after injury, the total distances of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group were significantly shorter than those of the Con group (P<0.01). ; The total distances of the BaCl2 group and the HH+BaCl2 group were shorter than those of the HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.05); on the 14th day after injury, the total distances of the BaCl2 group, the HH+BaCl2 group and the E+BaCl2 group were significantly shorter than those of the Con group (P<0.01); the total distances of the BaCl2 group and the HH+BaCl2 group were significantly shorter than those of the HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.01); the total distance of the E+BaCl2 group was shorter than that of the HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.05).

[0076] Rotarod fatigue test drop velocity: There was no significant difference in the initial maximum drop velocity among the groups (P>0.05). On the first day after injury, the maximum drop velocity of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group was significantly lower than that of the Con group (P<0.01); the maximum drop velocity of the BaCl2 group and HH+BaCl2 group was significantly lower than that of the E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.01); on the seventh day after injury, the maximum drop velocity of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group was significantly shorter than that of the Con group (P <0.01); the maximum falling speed of the BaCl2 group and HH+BaCl2 group was significantly lower than that of the E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.01); on the 14th day after injury, the maximum falling speed of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 group, E+BaCl2 group and HH+E+BaCl2 group was significantly shorter than that of the Con group (P<0.01); the maximum falling speed of the BaCl2 group, HH+BaCl2 and E+BaCl2 group was significantly lower than that of the HH+E+BaCl2 group (P<0.01).

[0077] Conclusion: The results of Evans blue staining and hematoxylin eosin staining indicate that hypobaric and hypoxic exercise has a positive effect on the regeneration of multifidus muscle in rats. The total distance of open field walking and the maximum falling speed of rotating rod fatigue indicate that hypobaric and hypoxic exercise can promote the recovery of body state and emotion of rats after injury.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A research method for the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury, comprising, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Experimental animal selection and grouping: Healthy adult rats were selected and randomly divided into several experimental groups, including a conventional exercise group, a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise group, a low-pressure and low-oxygen treatment group, and a control group; S2: Setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment: Using a low-pressure oxygen chamber to simulate a high-altitude environment; used for running exercises in rats; S3: Implementation of exercise program: Rats in all experimental groups were trained on a five-channel treadmill; S4: Establishment of multifidus muscle injury model: After exercise, BaCl2 solution was injected into the multifidus muscle of the lumbar region of rats to simulate muscle injury; the injection volume was calculated based on body weight to ensure adequate absorption of the drug; S5: Observation indicators and evaluation: Evans blue staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to evaluate the degree of muscle damage and recovery; the open field test and rotarod fatigue test were used to evaluate the changes in rat behavior and muscle endurance; S6: Data Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to compare the differences between the groups and determine the effect of hypobaric hypoxic exercise on the recovery of multifidus muscle injury.

2. The research method of the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the altitude is set to 2500 meters, the air pressure rise and fall time are both 5 minutes, and maintained for 35 minutes.

3. The research method of the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the first three days of the exercise training are an adaptation period, with the speed set at 9 m / min for 20 minutes per day; after the adaptation period, a one-week pre-training is carried out, with 20 minutes of exercise at a speed of 15 m / min after warming up; during the formal training period, 30 minutes of exercise is carried out at a speed of 20 m / min after 5 minutes of warm-up; the total training cycle is two weeks.

4. The research method of the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury according to claim 3, characterized in that: The selection and grouping of experimental animals in S1 are as follows: S11: Animal selection: Healthy adult male rats of similar age were selected to ensure the same genetic background and living environment; all animals underwent health checks before the experiment to rule out potential diseases; S12: Acclimation period: Before the start of the experiment, all rats underwent a one-week acclimation period in the laboratory environment, during which they received daily care, including feeding, water, and maintaining the light cycle; S13: Random grouping: The rats were randomly assigned to different experimental and control groups using a random number table to ensure randomness and balance of grouping; each group contained at least 6-8 rats; S14: Marking and identification: Mark each rat; S15: Baseline data collection: Before the formal experiment begins, collect baseline data of all rats, including body weight and basic physiological indicators.

5. The research method of the effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on the repair of lumbar multifidus muscle injury according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S13, the specific grouping and training methods are as follows: Conventional exercise group: rats were trained on a treadmill under normobaric and normoxic conditions; Hypobaric and hypoxic exercise group: rats were trained on a treadmill in a simulated hypobaric and hypoxic environment; Hypobaric and hypoxic treatment group: rats were only placed in a hypobaric and hypoxic environment without treadmill training; Control group: Rats were raised in a normobaric and normoxic environment without any intervention measures.

6. The research method of claim 5 on the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury, characterized in that: The step S2 of setting a low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise environment specifically includes the following steps: S21: Equipment inspection and preheating: Conduct a comprehensive equipment inspection before the experiment and preheat the hypobaric oxygen chamber to reach the initial set environmental parameters; S22: Environmental parameter setting: set the simulated altitude according to research needs, adjust the air pressure and oxygen concentration, simulate low-pressure and low-oxygen conditions; record all set parameters; S23: Environmental stability: Before the animal enters, let the hypobaric oxygen chamber run for at least half an hour to ensure that the environmental parameters are stable at a constant level; S24: Preparation of monitoring equipment: Install video monitoring and physiological parameter monitoring equipment to record the behavior and physiological reactions of animals in a low-pressure and low-oxygen environment in real time.

7. The research method of claim 5 on the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury, characterized in that: The implementation of the S3 exercise plan specifically includes: S31: Adaptation training: All animals first undergo treadmill adaptation training without opening the hypobaric oxygen chamber to adapt to the exercise equipment and exercise mode; the adaptation training speed is gradually increased to the target speed; S32: Pre-training stage: After the adaptation training, the low-pressure oxygen chamber was opened for a week of pre-training to allow the rats to gradually adapt to the low-pressure and low-oxygen environment, and warm-up was performed before each exercise; S33: Formal exercise training: After the pre-training, the formal exercise plan began; according to the different groups, it was carried out under normal pressure and normoxic conditions and low pressure and hypoxia conditions; at the same time, the performance and physiological response of each animal were strictly monitored; among them, the conventional exercise group and the low pressure and hypoxia exercise group carried out this stage of training, while the low pressure and hypoxia treatment group and the control group did not; S34: Daily care and monitoring: During the training period, the physiological indicators of each rat’s body weight, food intake, and water intake were recorded to observe any abnormalities.

8. The research method of claim 5 on the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury, characterized in that: The establishment of the multifidus muscle injury model of S4 specifically includes: S41: Anesthesia and skin preparation: Before intramuscular injection, the rats were anesthetized with anesthetics to reduce pain; the injection site was prepared and disinfected to ensure sterile operation; S42: Accurate positioning: Accurately locate the multifidus muscle by palpation and anatomical landmarks; use a marker pen to mark the injection point on the skin to ensure accurate injection; S43: Injection implementation: Use a fine injection needle to slowly inject the BaCl2 solution; during the injection, observe the reaction of the rat to avoid tissue damage caused by excessive injection and rapid injection; S44: Post-treatment: After injection, the injection site was disinfected again and antibiotics were given to prevent infection; the rat's awakening process was observed to ensure that it recovered safely from anesthesia to normal activities; S45: Pain management: Analgesics were given after surgery to relieve the pain of rats; postoperative recovery was closely observed and complications were dealt with in a timely manner.

9. The research method of claim 5 on the repair effect of low-pressure and low-oxygen exercise on lumbar multifidus muscle injury, characterized in that: The observation indicators and evaluation of S5 specifically include: S51: Macroscopic observation: Regularly record the weight, activity level, and appetite of the rats to evaluate the basic health status and recovery progress; S52: Histological evaluation: At predetermined time points, multifidus muscle samples were taken from the animals for histological evaluation; Evans blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to observe the degree of muscle fiber damage and regeneration; S53: Behavioral tests: open field test and rotarod fatigue test were performed to evaluate the spontaneous behavior, exercise endurance and muscle coordination ability of rats; S54: Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed on all collected data to compare differences at different time points and between different groups.

10. The research method of claim 9, wherein: The time points of S52 are set as the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after injury.

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