Process for comprehensive utilization and recovery of polymetallic ore

Abstract

The application provides a comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ore, which comprises the steps of pretreatment, copper-lead flotation for lead, lead-copper tailing flotation for zinc, zinc tailing flotation for sulfur and sulfur tailing flotation for iron. The application develops a process flow of preferential lead flotation under natural pH value, sulfur suppression and zinc flotation of lead tailing, iron flotation after desulfurization of zinc tailing and comprehensive utilization of valuable elements in the ore, aiming at the characteristics of general lead-zinc sulfide ore needing full-process addition of lime, which is not conducive to comprehensive utilization and recovery of copper, gold and silver. The results show that through the combined process of copper-lead flotation-zinc flotation of lead-copper tailing-sulfur flotation of zinc tailing-iron flotation of sulfur tailing by flotation and magnetic separation, the valuable elements in the ore can be comprehensively recovered, wherein the lead grade of lead concentrate is more than 60%, the lead recovery rate is more than 94%, the zinc grade of zinc concentrate is more than 46% and the zinc recovery rate is more than 88%.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of metallurgy, further belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, and particularly relates to a comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ore. BACKGROUND

[0002] Copper, lead and zinc iron minerals are usually associated in nature, and due to the similar physical and chemical properties of copper, lead and zinc minerals and the dense association with quartz, feldspar and other gangue minerals, an efficient separation process needs to be developed for the upgrading and impurity reduction of copper, lead and zinc minerals. In recent years, with the development of economy, the demand for copper, lead and zinc in industry has greatly increased, resulting in a decrease in easily selected ores and an increase in difficult-to-select polymetallic complex associated ores. In industry, ores with a grade lower than 3% are usually regarded as low-grade ores, and such ores usually contain valuable elements such as sulfur and iron which can be comprehensively recovered. The content and distribution of these elements have a great influence on the subsequent metal smelting process, and therefore different separation and recovery methods need to be used for associated metals.

[0003] In order to comprehensively utilize copper, lead and zinc ores, a preferential flotation process, a bulk flotation process, an equal floatation process and an asynchronous flotation process can be used. The specific process needs to be determined by comprehensively considering the floatability difference of minerals, mineral properties, process test results and economic benefits, and by analyzing the influence of different flotation sequences on the beneficiation indexes through test analysis, so as to determine the optimal flotation recovery process.

[0004] Due to the weathering and easy oxidation of chalcopyrite in the ore, copper ions are easily precipitated, resulting in the activation of pyrrhotite and pyrite. The use of xanthate collectors requires "strong pressure and strong pull", which greatly causes reagent waste, and directly causes high treatment cost of beneficiation backwater and increased environmental protection pressure. It is of great significance to develop a new beneficiation process for complex polymetallic ores, especially copper-iron polymetallic ores containing pyrrhotite. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ore.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by a comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ore, which comprises the steps of pretreatment, copper-lead lead separation, lead-copper tailings zinc separation, zinc tailings sulfur separation and sulfur tailings iron separation, and specifically comprises:

[0007] A, pretreatment: finely grinding the to-be-treated polymetallic sulfide ore to 60-80% of -0.074mm to obtain material a;

[0008] B, copper-lead lead separation:

[0009] 1) Add zinc inhibitor to the material a, stir for 2-4 min, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in sequence to carry out flotation to obtain copper-lead rough concentrate b and flotation tailings c;

[0010] 2) Carry out three-stage concentration on the copper-lead rough concentrate b to obtain final copper-lead concentrate h and concentration tailings, and the concentration tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0011] 3) Carry out two-stage scavenging on the flotation tailings c to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrate, and the scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0012] C, zinc selection from lead-copper tailings:

[0013] 1) Add pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2-4 min, then add fahlore activator copper sulfate, stir for 2-4 min, and then add zinc collector GZ-1 to carry out flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc rough selection 2 tailings r;

[0014] 2) Carry out three-stage concentration on the zinc rough concentrate to obtain zinc concentration 3 concentrate w and concentration tailings, and the concentration tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0015] 3) Carry out zinc magnetic separation on the zinc concentration 3 concentrate w using a magnetic field strength of 0.2-0.3 T to obtain magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z;

[0016] 4) Carry out two-stage scavenging on the zinc rough selection 2 tailings r to obtain zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad and scavenging concentrate, and the scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0017] 5) Carry out pyrite magnetic separation on the zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad using a magnetic field strength of 0.4-0.6 T to obtain magnetic separation product pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af;

[0018] The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methyl thiourea, O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thiourea, methyl isobutyl carbinol and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and the ratio is 6:2:1:1;

[0019] The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl propylene xanthate, isobutyl ethyl xanthate, isobutyl methyl thiourea and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, and the mass ratio of isobutyl propylene xanthate, isobutyl ethyl xanthate, isobutyl methyl thiourea and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.4-0.6).

[0020] The specific operation is as follows:

[0021] A, copper-lead roughing: 1) the raw ore is ground to 60-70% passing 0.074 mm to obtain material a; 2) zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the material a, stirred for 3 minutes, then lead collector 25# black drug and copper collector GTB1 are added in turn to carry out flotation to obtain copper-lead roughing concentrate b and flotation tailings c;

[0022] B, cleaning 1: zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the copper-lead roughing concentrate b to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and cleaning 1 tailings e, and the cleaning 1 tailings e returns to the copper-lead roughing;

[0023] C, cleaning 2: pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime and zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate are added to the copper-lead concentrate d, then the mixed ore slurry is fed into a stirred mill, the ore slurry is ground to 90-95% passing 0.045 mm, and is fed into a flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain copper-lead concentrate f and cleaning 2 tailings g, and the cleaning 2 tailings g returns to the cleaning 1;

[0024] D, cleaning 3: the copper-lead concentrate f is subjected to flotation separation to obtain final copper-lead concentrate h and cleaning tailings i, and the cleaning tailings i returns to the cleaning 2;

[0025] E, copper-lead scavenging 1: zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the copper-lead roughing tailings c, stirred for 3 minutes, then lead collector 25# black drug and copper collector GTB1 are added in turn to carry out flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and flotation tailings k, and the copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j returns to the copper-lead roughing;

[0026] F, copper-lead scavenging 2: zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the flotation tailings k, stirred for 3 minutes, then lead collector 25# black drug and copper collector GTB1 are added in turn to carry out flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and flotation tailings m, and the copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l returns to the copper-lead scavenging 1;

[0027] G, zinc roughing 1: pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime is added to the flotation tailings m, stirred for 3 minutes, then iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally zinc collector GZ-1 is added to carry out flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc roughing 1 tailings p;

[0028] H, zinc roughing 2: pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime is added to the zinc roughing 1 tailings p, stirred for 3 minutes, then iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally zinc collector GZ-1 is added to carry out flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc roughing 2 tailings r;

[0029] I, zinc cleaning 1: the zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough concentrate q are combined, dispersant sodium silicate and pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime are added, stirred for 3 minutes, and then flotation is carried out to obtain zinc cleaning 1 concentrate s and zinc cleaning 1 tailings t, and the zinc cleaning 1 tailings t returns to the zinc roughing 1;

[0030] J. Zinc cleaning 2: Zinc cleaning 1 concentrate s is added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime, stirred for 3 minutes, and then floated to obtain zinc cleaning 2 concentrate u and zinc cleaning 2 tailings v, which are returned to zinc cleaning 1;

[0031] K. Zinc cleaning 3: Zinc cleaning 2 concentrate u is added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime, stirred for 3 minutes, and then floated to obtain zinc cleaning 3 concentrate w and zinc cleaning 3 tailings x, which are returned to zinc cleaning 2;

[0032] L. Zinc magnetic separation: Zinc cleaning 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.25T to obtain magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z;

[0033] M. Zinc scavenging 1: Zinc roughing 2 tailings r is added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime, stirred for 3 minutes, then activated with iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally floated with zinc collector GZ-1 to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, which are returned to zinc roughing 1;

[0034] N. Zinc scavenging 2: Zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab is added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime, stirred for 3 minutes, then activated with iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally floated with zinc collector GZ-1 to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, which are returned to zinc scavenging 1;

[0035] O. Pyrite magnetic separation: Zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad is subjected to pyrite magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to obtain magnetic separation product pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af.

[0036] The present application is directed to the characteristics of general lead sulfide zinc ore, which needs to add lime in the whole process, which is not conducive to the comprehensive utilization and recovery of copper, gold and silver. A process flow of preferentially selecting lead at natural pH value, suppressing sulfur and floating zinc in lead tailings, and selecting iron after desulfurization of zinc tailings is developed to comprehensively utilize valuable elements in the ore. The results show that by fine grinding the ore to 70% passing 0.074mm, and through the combined process of copper-lead flotation-zinc selection in lead-copper tailings-sulfur selection in zinc tailings-iron selection in sulfur tailings, the valuable elements in the ore can be comprehensively recovered, among which the lead concentrate has a lead grade of more than 60% and a lead recovery rate of more than 94%, and the zinc concentrate has a zinc grade of more than 46% and a zinc recovery rate of more than 88%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application will be further described in connection with the following examples, but in no way limit the application, any transformation or replacement based on the teaching of the application, all belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0039] The multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process comprises the steps of pretreatment, copper-lead separation, lead-zinc separation from copper-lead tailings, zinc-sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron-sulfur separation from sulfur tailings, and specifically comprises:

[0040] A, pretreatment: grinding the multi-metal sulfide ore to be treated to-0.074mm 60~80% to obtain material a;

[0041] B, copper-lead separation:

[0042] 1) Add zinc inhibitor to the material a, stir for 2~4min, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in turn to carry out flotation to obtain copper-lead rough concentrate b and flotation tailings c;

[0043] 2) The copper-lead rough concentrate b is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain final copper-lead concentrate h and concentration tailings, and the concentration tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0044] 3) The flotation tailings c are subjected to two-stage scavenging to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrate, and the scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0045] C, lead-zinc separation from copper-lead tailings:

[0046] 1) Add pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2~4min, then add marmatite activator copper sulfate, stir for 2~4min, and then add zinc collector GZ-1 to carry out flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc rough selection 2 tailings r;

[0047] 2) The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain zinc concentration 3 concentrate w and concentration tailings, and the concentration tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0048] 3) The zinc concentration 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.2~0.3T to obtain magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z;

[0049] 4) The zinc rough selection 2 tailings r are subjected to two-stage scavenging to obtain zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad and scavenging concentrate, and the scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for circulation;

[0050] 5) The zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad are subjected to sulfur-iron magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.4~0.6T to obtain magnetic separation product sulfur-iron concentrate ae and final tailings af;

[0051] The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methyl thiourea, O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thiourea, methyl isobutyl carbinol and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and the ratio is 6:2:1:1.

[0052] The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl propylene xanthate, isobutyl ethyl xanthate formate, isobutyl methyl thiourea and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, and the mass ratio of isobutyl propylene xanthate, isobutyl ethyl xanthate formate, isobutyl methyl thiourea and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):(0.4-0.6).

[0053] The tertiary cleaning in B step 2) is that the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the copper-lead rough concentrate b to obtain the copper-lead concentrate d and the cleaning 1 tailing e, the cleaning 1 tailing e is returned to the copper-lead rough selection; the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime and the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate are added to the copper-lead concentrate d, and then the mixed ore slurry is fed into the stirring mill, the ore slurry is ground to 90-95% of-0.045 mm, and then fed into the flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain the copper-lead concentrate f and the cleaning 2 tailing g, the cleaning 2 tailing g is returned to the cleaning 1; the copper-lead concentrate f is subjected to flotation separation to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and the cleaning tailing i, and the cleaning tailing i is returned to the cleaning 2.

[0054] The secondary cleaning in B step 3) is that the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the copper-lead rough tailing c, stirred for 2-4 min, and then the lead collector 25# black drug and the copper collector GTB1 are sequentially added for flotation to obtain the copper-lead cleaning 1 concentrate j and the flotation tailing k, and the copper-lead cleaning 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead rough selection; the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate is added to the flotation tailing k, stirred for 2-4 min, and then the lead collector 25# black drug and the copper collector GTB1 are sequentially added for flotation to obtain the copper-lead cleaning 2 concentrate l and the flotation tailing m, and the copper-lead cleaning 2 concentrate l is returned to the copper-lead cleaning 1.

[0055] C step 1) is that the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime is added to the flotation tailing m, stirred for 2-4 min, then the iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 2-4 min, and finally the zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain the zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough selection 1 tailing p; the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime is added to the zinc rough selection 1 tailing p, stirred for 2-4 min, then the iron flash zinc ore activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 2-4 min, and finally the zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain the zinc rough concentrate q and the zinc rough selection 2 tailing r.

[0056] The tertiary cleaning in Step 2) is that the zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough concentrate q are combined, a dispersing agent sodium silicate and a pyrite and a pyrrhotite inhibitor lime are added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then flotation is performed to obtain a zinc cleaning 1 concentrate s and a zinc cleaning 1 tailing t, the zinc cleaning 1 tailing t is returned to the zinc rough cleaning 1; the zinc cleaning 1 concentrate s is added with the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then flotation is performed to obtain a zinc cleaning 2 concentrate u and a zinc cleaning 2 tailing v, the zinc cleaning 2 tailing v is returned to the zinc rough cleaning 1; the zinc cleaning 2 concentrate u is added with the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then flotation is performed to obtain a zinc cleaning 3 concentrate w and a zinc cleaning 3 tailing x, the zinc cleaning 3 tailing x is returned to the zinc rough cleaning 2.

[0057] The secondary scavenging in Step 3) is that the zinc rough cleaning 2 tailing r is added with the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 3 minutes, then the marmatite activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and finally the zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain a zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and a zinc scavenging 1 tailing ab, the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to the zinc rough cleaning 1; the zinc scavenging 1 tailing ab is added with the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, then the marmatite activator copper sulfate is added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and finally the zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain a zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and a zinc scavenging 2 tailing ad, the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to the zinc rough cleaning 1.

[0058] The following further illustrates the application by means of a specific implementation case:

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A, copper-lead rough cleaning: 1) the raw ore is ground to 65% of -0.074 mm to obtain material a; 2) the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 800 g / t is added into the material a, stirred for 3 minutes, then the lead collector 25# black medicine 15 g / t and the copper collector GTB1 5 g / t are sequentially added, and flotation is performed for 4 minutes to obtain a copper-lead rough cleaning concentrate b and a flotation tailing c;

[0061] B, cleaning 1: the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 800 g / t is added into the copper-lead rough cleaning concentrate b, stirred for 3 minutes, and then cleaning is performed to obtain a copper-lead cleaning concentrate d and a cleaning 1 tailing e, the cleaning 1 tailing e is returned to the copper-lead rough cleaning;

[0062] C, cleaning 2: the pyrite and the pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 100 g / t and the zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 500 g / t are added into the copper-lead cleaning concentrate d, then the mixed ore slurry is fed into a stirring mill, the ore slurry is ground to 90-95% of -0.045 mm, and then flotation separation is performed in a flotation machine for 3 minutes to obtain a copper-lead cleaning concentrate f and a cleaning 2 tailing g, the cleaning 2 tailing g is returned to the cleaning 1;

[0063] D, Concentration 3: The copper-lead concentrate f is subjected to flotation separation to obtain a final copper-lead concentrate h and a concentration tailing i, and the concentration tailing i is returned to the concentration 2;

[0064] E, Copper-lead scavenging 1: The copper-lead roughing tailing c is added with a zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 200 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and then sequentially added with a lead collector 25# black drug 6 g / t and a copper collector GTB1 2 g / t for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain a copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and a flotation tailing k, and the copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing;

[0065] F, Copper-lead scavenging 2: The flotation tailing k is added with a zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 200 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and then sequentially added with a lead collector 25# black drug 3 g / t and a copper collector GTB1 1 g / t for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain a copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and a flotation tailing m, and the copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l is returned to the copper-lead scavenging 1;

[0066] G, Zinc roughing 1: The flotation tailing m is added with a pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime 3000 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, then added with a marmatite activator copper sulfate 150 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally added with a zinc collector GZ-1 10 g / t for 6 minutes of flotation to obtain a zinc rough concentrate o and a zinc roughing 1 tailing p;

[0067] H, Zinc roughing 2: The zinc roughing 1 tailing p is added with a pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime 1600 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, then added with a marmatite activator copper sulfate 60 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally added with a zinc collector GZ-1 6 g / t for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain a zinc rough concentrate q and a zinc roughing 2 tailing r;

[0068] I, Zinc concentration 1: The zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough concentrate q are combined, added with a dispersant sodium silicate 100 g / t and a pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime 1000 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and then subjected to 3 minutes of flotation to obtain a zinc concentration 1 concentrate s and a zinc concentration 1 tailing t, and the zinc concentration 1 tailing t is returned to the zinc roughing 1;

[0069] J, Zinc concentration 2: The zinc concentration 1 concentrate s is added with a pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime 800 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and then subjected to 3 minutes of flotation to obtain a zinc concentration 2 concentrate u and a zinc concentration 2 tailing v, and the zinc concentration 2 tailing v is returned to the zinc concentration 1;

[0070] K, Zinc concentration 3: The zinc concentration 2 concentrate u is added with a pyrite and pyrrholith inhibitor lime 500 g / t, stirred for 3 minutes, and then subjected to 2 minutes of flotation to obtain a zinc concentration 3 concentrate w and a zinc concentration 3 tailing x, and the zinc concentration 3 tailing x is returned to the zinc concentration 2;

[0071] L, Zinc magnetic separation: Zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.25T to obtain magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z;

[0072] M, Zinc scavenging 1: Zinc roughing 2 tailings r are added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime 1000g / t, stirring for 3 minutes, then adding marmatite activator copper sulfate 30g / t, stirring for 3 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector 3g / t of GZ-1 for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, and zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to zinc roughing 1;

[0073] N, Zinc scavenging 2: Zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab are added with pyrite and pyrrholite inhibitor lime 600g / t, stirring for 3 minutes, then adding marmatite activator copper sulfate 15g / t, stirring for 3 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector 3g / t of GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, and zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to zinc scavenging 1;

[0074] O, Pyrite magnetic separation: Zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.5T to obtain magnetic separation product pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A, Copper roughing: Lime is added to the raw ore, which is ground to 70~75% of -0.074mm, and then 20g / t of collector GTB3 is added, stirring for 2min, and flotation to obtain copper roughing concentrate and tailings;

[0077] B, Copper cleaning: The concentrate obtained in copper roughing is subjected to two cleaning operations with inhibitors to obtain copper cleaning, and the process conditions of the copper cleaning in step B are as follows: 300g / t of lime is added to cleaning 1, stirring for 3min, and flotation, and 200g / t of lime is added to cleaning 2, stirring for 3min, and flotation;

[0078] C, Copper scavenging: The tailings obtained in copper roughing are subjected to two scavenging operations with collectors to obtain scavenging tailings, and the process conditions of the copper scavenging in step C are as follows: 10g / t of collector GTB3 is added to scavenging 1, stirring for 2min, and flotation, and 10g / t of collector GTB3 is added to scavenging 2, stirring for 2min, and flotation;

[0079] D, Sulfur roughing: The tailings of copper scavenging are added with activator, collector, and frother to obtain sulfur roughing concentrate and sulfur roughing tailings, and the process conditions of the sulfur roughing in step D are as follows: 1300g / t of activator sulfuric acid is added, stirring for 3min, 200g / t of butyl xanthate and 2 # oil 30g / t are added, stirring for 2min, and roughing;

[0080] E. Sulfur cleaning: The sulfur concentrate obtained in the sulfur roughing is subjected to blank cleaning to obtain sulfur concentrate I and cleaning tailings;

[0081] F. Sulfur scavenging: The sulfur roughing tailings are added with activator, collector and frother to perform two times of scavenging to obtain scavenging tailings, the process conditions of the sulfur scavenging 1 in the F step are adding 600 g / t of sulfuric acid as activator and stirring for 3 min, adding 50 g / t of butyl xanthate and 2 # g / t of oil 10 and stirring for 2 min scavenging, the process conditions of the scavenging 2 are adding 200 g / t of sulfuric acid as activator and stirring for 3 min, adding 30 g / t of butyl xanthate and 2 # g / t of oil 10 and stirring for 2 min scavenging;

[0082] G. Magnetic separation: The sulfur scavenging tailings are subjected to magnetic separation to obtain iron concentrate and tailings, the magnetic field intensity of the weak magnetic roughing in the G step is 0.2 T;

[0083] H. Iron concentrate regrinding and flotation desulfurization: The iron concentrate obtained in the magnetic separation is regrinded to 83% of -0.074 mm, and then added with activator, collector and frother to perform roughing to obtain roughing concentrate and roughing tailings, the process conditions of the regrinding and flotation desulfurization in the H step are adding 700 g / t of sulfuric acid as activator and stirring for 3 min, adding 120 g / t of butyl xanthate and 2 # g / t of oil 20 and stirring for 2 min scavenging;

[0084] I. Desulfurization cleaning: The desulfurization roughing concentrate is subjected to two times of blank cleaning to obtain sulfur concentrate II;

[0085] J. Desulfurization scavenging: The desulfurization roughing tailings are added with activator, collector and frother to perform scavenging to obtain iron concentrate, the process conditions of the desulfurization scavenging in the J step are adding 300 g / t of sulfuric acid as activator and stirring for 3 min, adding 50 g / t of butyl xanthate and 2 # g / t of oil 10 and stirring for 2 min scavenging.

[0086] By adopting the process flow to treat the ore, copper concentrate with a copper grade of 21.95 and a copper recovery rate of 90.71% can be obtained; after the two sulfur concentrates are combined, the sulfur grade is 33.47% and the sulfur recovery rate is 93.30%; the iron concentrate has an iron grade of 66.15%, a sulfur grade of 0.13% and an iron recovery rate of 33.67%.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] 1. Properties of the sample

[0089] 1.1 Chemical composition and mineral composition

[0090] The ore is mostly dark brown and gray green, and the mineral aggregates are distributed without orientation. The sparse disseminated structure constitutes the ore. The chemical multi-element analysis results of the ore sample are shown in Table 1, and the chemical phase analysis results of lead, zinc, copper and iron are shown in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5.

[0091] Table 1 Chemical analysis results of main elements of ore sample / %

[0092]

[0093] Table 2 Phase analysis results of lead of raw ore / %

[0094]

[0095] Table 3 Phase analysis results of zinc of raw ore / %

[0096]

[0097] Table 4 Phase analysis results of copper of raw ore / %

[0098]

[0099] Table 5 Phase analysis results of iron of raw ore / %

[0100]

[0101] The ore sample is a lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore, and the main valuable elements are lead, zinc and iron, with contents of 2.64%, 1.45% and 26.81 respectively. Other associated valuable elements include Au 0.10 g / t, Ag 10.8 g / t, Cu 0.045%, In 55.3 g / t and sulfur 3.94%. Through observation under a polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis and MLA analysis, it is found that there are five types of 23 minerals in the ore, including sulfides, oxides, silicates, sulfates and phosphates. The main minerals in the ore include galena, marmatite, magnetite, pyrite / white iron, pyrrhotite, zinnwaldite, ferrohortonite, smithsonite, quartz and calcite.

[0102] 1.2 Analysis of the dissemination state of main minerals

[0103] The MLA was used to measure and count the dissemination size of the main target minerals galena, marmatite, pyrrhotite, pyrite / marcasite, magnetite, hematite / brown iron ore, zinnwaldite, ferrohortonite, ferroglaucolite, epidote, iron talc under the condition of grinding fineness of 64.39% of-0.075 mm. The dissemination size of marmatite, zinnwaldite and ferrohortonite is the coarsest, the +75 μm size fraction accounts for 33.29%, 38.54% and 31.23% respectively, which is similar to the size of the ore. The dissemination size of galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite / marcasite, magnetite, ferroglaucolite, iron talc is slightly finer than the former, the +75 μm size fraction accounts for 28.17%, 26.98%, 25.16%, 29.55%, 27.37%, 26.39% respectively.

[0104] 1.3 Paragenetic relationship of main minerals

[0105] Under the current grinding conditions, the free surface area of marmatite, pyrite and pyrrhotite is better, all greater than 91%, the free surface area of galena, magnetite and hematite / brown iron ore is slightly lower than the former, between 83% and 86%.

[0106] Galena is mainly associated with marmatite, magnetite, zinnwaldite and ferrohortonite, and the shared surface area ratio is 3.60%, 1.18%, 2.10% and 1.99 respectively. The free surface area ratio of galena is 86.50%.

[0107] Marmatite is mainly associated with zinnwaldite and ferrohortonite, and the shared surface area ratio is 1.24% and 1.30% respectively. The free surface area ratio of marmatite is 93.89%.

[0108] Pyrite / marcasite is mainly associated with marmatite, pyrrhotite and zinnwaldite, and the shared surface area ratio is 1.24%, 1.64% and 1.69% respectively. The free surface area ratio of marmatite is 91.18%.

[0109] Pyrrhotite is mainly associated with pyrite / marcasite, magnetite and zinnwaldite, and the shared surface area ratio is 1.05%, 1.45% and 1.24% respectively. The free surface area ratio of pyrrhotite is 92.54%.

[0110] Magnetite is mainly associated with zinnwaldite, ferrohortonite, calcite and iron talc, and the shared surface area ratio is 4.20%, 2.12%, 1.30% and 1.96% respectively. The free surface area ratio of magnetite is 85.34%.

[0111] 1.4 Dissemination characteristics of main minerals

[0112] The dissemination size of galena is between 0.001-1.37mm, and the aggregate is granular and compact massive. It is closely associated with marmatite, magnetite and pyrite, and is mostly intergrown or wrapped. The association between part of the galena and magnetite is particularly complex, and the part of the galena is wrapped in the magnetite in a fine-grained form and is not easy to be dissociated.

[0113] The dissemination size of marmatite is between 0.005-4.75mm, and it is irregular granular. It is mostly distributed between transparent minerals such as black column stone and calcium iron pyroxene, and is partially wrapped in the black column stone and calcium iron pyroxene and is associated with galena, magnetite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Part of the galena, magnetite and chalcopyrite is wrapped in the marmatite in a fine-grained or milky form, and may be partially introduced into the zinc concentrate, affecting the grade of the zinc concentrate.

[0114] The dissemination size of chalcopyrite is between 0.001-1.00mm, and it is irregular granular. It is mostly intergrown with marmatite, galena, pyrite and pyrrhotite, and is partially wrapped in the marmatite in a fine-grained or milky form; and a small amount is distributed between transparent minerals in a star point form.

[0115] The dissemination size of pyrrhotite is between 0.005-0.55mm, and the pyrrhotite is irregular granular. It is mostly intergrown with pyrite, marcasite, magnetite, marmatite and galena; and part of it is metasomatized by the marcasite and magnetite and is distributed or mixed with them.

[0116] The dissemination size of pyrite / marcasite is between 0.005-6.00mm, and it is mostly self-formed, semi-self-formed or irregular granular. It is mostly distributed between transparent minerals such as black column stone and calcium iron pyroxene in a star-like disseminated form; and is mostly intergrown with marmatite, pyrrhotite and galena; and part of the pyrite is metasomatized by the marcasite and magnetite and is mixed and separated with them.

[0117] The dissemination size of magnetite is between 0.005-1.25mm, and the magnetite is irregular granular. It is mostly closely associated with hematite, galena, marmatite and pyrite, and is partially filled between acicular and tabular hematite grains, is intergrown or wrapped with the galena, and is simply intergrown with the marmatite and pyrite; a small amount of the magnetite is metasomatized by the hematite, and a small amount of the magnetite is metasomatized by the pyrite.

[0118] 1.5 Analysis of mineralogical factors affecting beneficiation indexes

[0119] The carrier minerals of lead in the ore are only galena and the carrier minerals of zinc are only marmatite, which are independent sulfide minerals, and are beneficial to the independent recovery by flotation. The Fe content in marmatite is 12.69%, and this part of iron cannot be removed by physical beneficiation methods, so the upper limit of the grade of zinc concentrate is grade VI. Most of the marmatite in the ore contains fine-grained and milky chalcopyrite, which is difficult to dissociate during grinding and may enter the zinc concentrate, affecting the grade of the zinc concentrate. Some galena and marmatite are closely associated, which may cause marmatite to enter the lead concentrate with galena, affecting the grade of the lead concentrate. There are many types of carrier minerals of iron in the ore, and only magnetite is a useful mineral of iron, and the distribution rate of iron in it is only 12.91%.

[0120] 2 Beneficiation test research

[0121] From the results of the ore property research, it is known that the valuable minerals in the ore are mainly galena, marmatite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and pyrite. Combined with the surface characteristics and magnetism of the above-mentioned minerals, the process flow of mineral recovery mainly includes the combined process flow of magnetic separation first and then flotation and the combined process flow of flotation first and then magnetic separation. Since the magnetic separation removal amount is small, the magnetic separation is placed before the lead flotation, and the thickening and dewatering before flotation are also needed, increasing the complexity of the process. Therefore, the combined process flow of flotation first and then magnetic separation is adopted. The particles of galena with a particle size of less than 5 μm account for 3.72%, and this part of fine-grained galena is mostly wrapped in magnetite, so the selective collector can be used to pre-enrich the coarse concentrate, which can not only prevent the cost of fine grinding of the raw ore from being too high, but also reduce the degree of overgrinding of the target mineral. Since there are many types of recoverable minerals in the ore, the difficulty of the test lies in how to fully and efficiently recover various minerals and obtain high-quality concentrates. Since the copper content in the raw ore is very low, the direct preferential flotation is not economical, so the principle process flow of copper-lead bulk flotation-zinc flotation-sulfur flotation-iron magnetic separation is initially determined.

[0122] 2.1 Grinding fineness test

[0123] The full dissociation of useful minerals and gangue minerals is a prerequisite for efficient separation and recovery of minerals. Different grinding fineness not only relates to the dissociation of minerals, but also ensures the high activity of the fresh surface of minerals, strengthens the full action of the mineral surface and the collector, and thus enhances the recovery and separation of minerals. In order to ensure that the flotation obtains higher indicators, it is of great significance to determine the grinding fineness in combination with the properties of the ore. Since the ore contains easy-mud gangues such as calcite and iron asparagus, the selection of appropriate grinding fineness should not only consider the single dissociation degree of useful minerals, but also reduce the overgrinding of gangues to deteriorate the flotation slurry environment. Through the test, the grinding fineness of-74 μm accounting for 60% is more appropriate. Under this grinding fineness, when the flotation slurry concentration is 30%, the flotation machine stirring speed is 2000 r / min, and the flotation machine air charge is 0.4 m 3h, at natural pH value, with different collectors, the copper-lead collector type test was carried out by one roughing and one scavenging process, the test process is shown in Figure 1 Table 6. From Table 6, it can be seen that the five collectors are the selective copper-lead collectors selected in the early stage, which basically do not collect pyrite at natural pH value, effectively reducing the test of pyrite depressor, when Pa is used as the copper-lead collector alone, the lead grade of rough concentrate is the highest, and the lead-copper recovery rate is the lowest; when Pb-1 and F5B are combined, the loss rate of lead in tailings is the lowest, but the loss rate of copper is as high as 52.54%; when 25# black drug and GTB1 are combined, the loss rate of copper in tailings is the lowest, and the lead recovery rate of rough concentrate obtained by roughing is the highest, in order to comprehensively recover copper and lead minerals, it is more appropriate to select 25# black drug and GTB1 combination.

[0124] Table 6. Grinding fineness test results

[0125]

[0126] 2.2 Copper-lead mixed cleaning and regrinding location test

[0127] The rough concentrate obtained by copper-lead roughing is subjected to three-stage cleaning to improve the quality of the final concentrate. In order to examine the influence of regrinding location on copper-lead recovery, comparative tests of no regrinding of rough concentrate, regrinding of rough concentrate to-0.049mm accounting for 90%, regrinding of cleaning 1 concentrate to-0.049mm accounting for 90%, and regrinding of cleaning 2 concentrate to-0.049mm accounting for 90% are carried out to examine the feasibility of reducing the copper-lead grade of middlings, and to improve the quality of copper-lead mixed concentrate. Compared with no regrinding of rough concentrate, regrinding of rough concentrate can greatly improve the lead grade of cleaning 1 concentrate. Overall, the lead grade of copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained by cleaning 3 operation after regrinding of cleaning 2 is the highest, and the lead grade of copper-lead mixed concentrate is: regrinding of cleaning 2 > regrinding of cleaning 1 > regrinding of rough concentrate > no regrinding. Since cleaning 3 operation is carried out after regrinding of cleaning 2, the loss of lead recovery of copper-lead mixed concentrate is the largest, and considering comprehensively, it is more appropriate to select regrinding of cleaning 1. The lead grade of copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained under the condition of regrinding of cleaning 1 is 64.85%, and the copper grade is 0.91%. Since the copper grade is low, no subsequent copper-lead separation is carried out.

[0128] 2.3 Zinc sulfide ore depressor type test

[0129] The X-ray energy spectrum analysis showed that the willemite contained Zn 53.54% and Fe 12.69%. With the increase of iron content in the willemite, the iron ions changed the surface properties of the willemite, affected the adsorption of the collector on the surface of the willemite, and led to the gradual decrease of the floatability. The ore contained 1.44% of the marcasite / pyrite and 2.54% of the pyrrhotite. The X-ray energy spectrum analysis and MLA analysis showed that the pyrrhotite in the ore was monoclinic, and the pyrrhotite contained Fe 60.56%. The floatability of the marcasite / pyrite, the pyrrhotite and the willemite gradually decreased. In order to obtain high-quality zinc concentrate, the marcasite / pyrite and the pyrrhotite needed to be inhibited by the pyrite inhibitor. The lime (3000 g / t), the inorganic inhibitor LY1 (2000 g / t) and the organic inhibitor LY2 (600 g / t) were respectively used to carry out the type test of different pyrite inhibitors, the effect of different inhibitors on the separation of zinc and sulfur was investigated, the lime was used as the inhibitor of the marcasite / pyrite and the pyrrhotite, and the effect was the best. Through the one-stage zinc roughing and the one-stage zinc scavenging, the foam product (the combination of the zinc rough concentrate and the zinc middlings) had the highest zinc grade of 29.64%, and the highest zinc recovery rate of 85.39%.

[0130] 2.4 Selection of zinc collector type test

[0131] The valuable minerals such as the pyrite and the iron-dickite in the ore were easy to react with the collector and interfere with the flotation process. The suitable zinc collector could significantly improve the flotation efficiency of the zinc minerals and reduce the reagent consumption, and therefore the suitable zinc collector was an important prerequisite for realizing the efficient and low-consumption flotation process. The butyl xanthate and the ethylthiuram with wide adaptability and strong collecting ability were compared with the sulfocarbamic acid ester type collectors A2 and GZ-1 with good selectivity, the zinc collector type test was carried out, the most suitable collector for the high-iron willemite was screened, the tailings zinc loss rate was about 2% when the GZ-1 and the butyl xanthate were used as the collectors, but the tailings sulfur recovery rate obtained by the GZ-1 was higher than that of the butyl xanthate, which indicated that the butyl xanthate had strong collecting ability and more pyrite was collected into the zinc rough concentrate and the zinc middlings; the collecting performance of the A2 and the ethylthiuram was basically similar, and the zinc loss rate and the sulfur recovery rate in the tailings were similar. In order to obtain the highest zinc recovery rate and minimize the pyrite entering into the zinc rough concentrate and the zinc middlings, the GZ-1 was more suitable.

[0132] 2.4 Zinc concentrate upgrading and impurity reduction test

[0133] The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to cleaning test, and it is found that, by adding lime respectively through three cleaning, the zinc grade of cleaning 1 concentrate is increased from 29.76% to 36.26%, increased by 6.50 percentage points; through cleaning 2, the zinc grade of cleaning 2 concentrate is increased from 36.26% to 39.12%, increased by 2.86 percentage points, and the increase is relatively small; through cleaning 3, the zinc grade of cleaning 3 concentrate (i.e. zinc secondary concentrate) is increased from 39.12% to 41.36%, increased by 2.24 percentage points, and the increase is relatively small, and if the fourth cleaning is continued, the zinc increase of zinc concentrate is only 1.5 percentage points, but the loss rate of zinc is greatly increased, and the zinc grade of zinc concentrate is difficult to increase to more than 45%. The cleaning 3 concentrate is subjected to microscopic examination, and it is found that, the iron wurtzite is in irregular granular shape, most of which is single dissociated particle, part of the wurtzite is wrapped with fine chalcopyrite, and part of the wurtzite is intergrown with transparent mineral, pyrrhotite and pyrite; the pyrrhotite is in irregular granular shape, most of which is single dissociated particle, and part of which is intergrown with wurtzite; the pyrite is in irregular granular shape, and is mostly intergrown with wurtzite; the chalcopyrite is in irregular granular shape, and is mostly wrapped in wurtzite. The results show that the main factors affecting the zinc grade of zinc concentrate are pyrrhotite and pyrite. The floatability of the part of pyrrhotite and pyrite is good, and it is difficult to be inhibited by adding lime, and excessive addition of lime will cause significant inhibition of iron wurtzite. On the one hand, the zinc secondary concentrate is subjected to flotation test of adding dispersant assisted by lime for improving quality and reducing impurities, and on the other hand, the zinc secondary concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation test for removing impurities, and considering that the pyrrhotite is easy to be magnetically agglomerated and wrapped with iron wurtzite, sodium hexametaphosphate and widely used sodium silicate are used as dispersants. The results show that, by using magnetic separation for improving quality and reducing impurities of zinc concentrate, the recovery rate of zinc is relatively high, and is basically more than 99%, and through comparison of the results of four groups of tests, it is found that, by using 0.25T magnetic field for magnetic separation of zinc secondary concentrate, the zinc grade of zinc concentrate is 45.77%, and the recovery rate of zinc is 99.04%. The addition of dispersant for improving the zinc grade of zinc concentrate leads to large loss rate of zinc. In consideration of the above, it is appropriate to use 0.25T for magnetic separation of zinc secondary concentrate for removing impurities.

[0134] 2.5 Whole-process closed-circuit test

[0135] The optimal regrinding fineness, the optimal magnetic field strength and the optimal reagent system were determined by conditional tests. The closed-circuit test was conducted to investigate the separation and recovery of each target mineral in copper-lead concentrate, zinc concentrate, sulfur concentrate, iron concentrate and tailings. The copper-lead mixed concentrate was obtained by one roughing, two scavenging and three cleaning in the copper-lead bulk flotation. The zinc secondary concentrate was obtained by two roughing, three cleaning and one scavenging in the zinc flotation. The zinc concentrate was obtained by 0.25T magnetic separation of the zinc secondary concentrate. The sulfur concentrate 1 was obtained by one roughing, one cleaning and one scavenging of the zinc tailings. The iron rough concentrate and tailings 1 were obtained by magnetic separation of the sulfur tailings. The sulfur concentrate 2 and the desulfurized iron concentrate were obtained by one regrinding, one desulfurizing roughing, one desulfurizing cleaning and one desulfurizing scavenging of the iron rough concentrate. The final iron concentrate was obtained by 0.15T magnetic cleaning of the desulfurized iron concentrate. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0136] Table 7 Closed-circuit test results

[0137]

[0138] (1) The copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained by the test has a lead grade of 60.12%, a copper grade of 0.73%, a copper recovery rate of 33.36% and a lead recovery rate of 94.72%. The main factors affecting the quality of the copper-lead mixed concentrate are pyrite and marmatite. Since the associated copper grade is very low (copper content is 0.045%) and chalcopyrite is often intergrown with marmatite, galena, pyrite and pyrrhotite, the copper recovery rate of the copper-lead mixed concentrate is relatively low, and the copper content of the copper-lead mixed concentrate is only 0.73%, so the copper-lead separation is not economical, and thus the copper-lead separation is not performed. Part of the galena is mainly intergrown with marmatite, resulting in a zinc grade of 6.89% in the copper-lead mixed concentrate, which can be further studied to improve the separation efficiency of lead and zinc.

[0139] (2) The zinc concentrate has a zinc grade of 46.99% and a zinc recovery rate of 88.26%. Since part of the chalcopyrite is in the form of fine particles and milky white inclusions in the marmatite, 30.34% of the copper metal is lost in the zinc concentrate.

[0140] (3) The sulfur concentrate 1 and the sulfur concentrate 2 are combined into a sulfur concentrate, which has a sulfur grade of 37.41%, an iron grade of 47.69%, a sulfur recovery rate of 34.57% and an iron recovery rate of 6.23%. The ratio of pyrite / white pyrite:pyrrhotite in the ore is 1:1.76, and the maximum theoretical sulfur grade of the sulfur concentrate that can be obtained from the ore is 48.38%, and the iron grade is 51.62%. The results show that part of the pyrite / white pyrite is lost in the copper-lead mixed concentrate and the zinc concentrate, resulting in a low sulfur grade of the sulfur concentrate.

[0141] (4) The iron rough concentrate with iron grade of 61.00% and sulfur grade of 0.97% was obtained after magnetic separation of the tailings of sulfur preconcentration. In order to obtain high-quality iron concentrate with iron grade of more than 65% and sulfur grade of less than 0.5%, the iron rough concentrate needs to be re-ground and then subjected to flotation desulfurization and magnetic separation.

[0142] (5) The iron recovery rate of the iron concentrate obtained by magnetic separation is 9.33%. According to the combination of phase analysis and MLA analysis, the iron in magnetite accounts for 13.15% of the total iron, indicating that the phase recovery rate of magnetite in the iron concentrate is 70.95%. The analysis of the iron monomer dissociation degree of the tailings shows that most of the magnetite lost in the tailings has not been dissociated, and this part of magnetite is difficult to recover economically.

[0143] 3 Conclusion

[0144] (1) The main valuable elements of a certain polymetallic ore in Qinghai are lead, zinc and iron, with contents of 2.64%, 1.45% and 26.81%, respectively. Other associated valuable elements include Au 0.10 g / t, Ag 10.8 g / t, Cu 0.045%, In 55.3 g / t and sulfur 3.94%.

[0145] (2) The ore is composed of five types of 23 minerals. The independent minerals of copper, lead and zinc are chalcopyrite, galena and marmatite, respectively. There are 12 independent minerals of iron, and iron mainly exists in the form of independent minerals in melanocerite, hedenbergite and magnetite. The distribution rates of iron in these minerals are 46.83%, 16.71% and 13.15%, respectively. Only the iron in magnetite has recovery value.

[0146] (3) The ore is processed by the combined process of copper-lead bulk flotation-zinc flotation-sulfur flotation-iron magnetic separation-iron flotation, obtaining copper-lead mixed concentrate with lead grade of 60.12% and copper grade of 0.73%, copper recovery rate of 33.36% and lead recovery rate of 94.72%, zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 46.99% and zinc recovery rate of 88.26%, and iron concentrate with iron grade of 67.22% and iron recovery rate of 9.33%.

Claims

1. A comprehensive utilization and recycling process for polymetallic ores, characterized in that, The comprehensive utilization and recycling process for polymetallic minerals includes pretreatment, copper-lead beneficiation, lead-copper tailings beneficiation, zinc tailings beneficiation, sulfur tailings beneficiation, and iron beneficiation of sulfur tailings, specifically including: A. Pretreatment: The polymetallic sulfide ore to be treated is finely ground to -0.074mm, accounting for 60~80%, to obtain material a; B. Copper-lead selection: Lead: 1) Add zinc inhibitor to material a, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead rougher concentrate b and flotation tailings c; 2) The copper-lead rough concentrate b is processed through three stages of cleaning to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and the cleaned tailings. The cleaned tailings are returned to the previous step for recycling. 3) The flotation tailings c are subjected to two-stage scavenging to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrate. The scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for recycling. C. Zinc beneficiation from lead-copper tailings: 1) Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to flotation tailings m, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add copper sulfate activator for iron sphalerite, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc roughing 2 tailings r; 2) The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to three-stage beneficiation to obtain zinc refined concentrate 3w and refined tailings. The refined tailings are returned to the previous step for recycling. 3) The zinc concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.2~0.3T to obtain the magnetic separation products zinc-iron concentrate y and the final zinc concentrate z; 4) The zinc roughing tailings r are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain zinc scavenging tailings ad and scavenging concentrate. The scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous step for recycling. 5) The zinc scavenging tailings ad were subjected to pyrite magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.4~0.6T to obtain the magnetic separation products pyrite concentrate ae and the final tailings af; The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methyl thiocyanate, O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thiocyanate, methyl isobutyl methanol and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate in a ratio of 6:2:1:

1. The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl xanthate, isobutyl xanthate ethyl ester, isobutyl methyl thiocyanate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isobutyl xanthate, isobutyl xanthate ethyl ester, isobutyl methyl thiocyanate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.4~0.6).

2. The polymetallic ore comprehensive utilization and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage refining process described in step 2) involves adding zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing concentrate b to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and tailings e from refinement 1. Tailings e from refinement 1 are returned to the copper-lead roughing process. Pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitors, lime, and zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, are added to the copper-lead concentrate d. The mixed slurry is then fed into a stirred mill to grind the slurry to a fineness of -0.045mm (90-95%). The slurry is then fed into a flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain copper-lead concentrate f and tailings g from refinement 2. Tailings g from refinement 2 are returned to refinement 1. Copper-lead concentrate f is then subjected to flotation separation to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and tailings i from refinement 1. Tailings i from refinement 2 are returned to refinement 2.

3. The polymetallic ore comprehensive utilization and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary scavenging described in step 3) involves adding zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing tailings c, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and then sequentially adding lead collector 25# black powder and copper collector GTB1 for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging concentrate j and flotation tailings k. Copper-lead scavenging concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing process. Zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the flotation tailings k, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then sequentially adding lead collector 25# black powder and copper collector GTB1 for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging concentrate l and flotation tailings m. Copper-lead scavenging concentrate l is returned to copper-lead scavenging 1.

4. The polymetallic ore comprehensive utilization and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) involves adding pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding copper sulfate activator for sphalerite, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc roughing tailings 1 p; adding pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc roughing tailings 1 p, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding copper sulfate activator for sphalerite, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc roughing tailings 2 r.

5. The polymetallic ore comprehensive utilization and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage refining process described in step 2) involves merging zinc rough concentrate o and zinc rough concentrate q, adding dispersant sodium silicate and pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and then performing flotation to obtain zinc refined concentrate 1 s and zinc refined concentrate 1 tailings t. Zinc refined concentrate 1 tailings t is returned to zinc roughing 1. Zinc refined concentrate 1 s is added to pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then performed flotation to obtain zinc refined concentrate 2 u and zinc refined concentrate 2 tailings v. Zinc refined concentrate 2 tailings v is returned to zinc refined 1. Zinc refined concentrate 2 u is added to pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, and then performed flotation to obtain zinc refined concentrate 3 w and zinc refined concentrate 3 tailings x. Zinc refined concentrate 3 tailings x is returned to zinc refined 2.

6. The polymetallic ore comprehensive utilization and recycling process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3) of C, the secondary scavenging process involves adding pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the tailings r of zinc rougher 2, stirring for 3 minutes, then adding copper sulfate activator for sphalerite, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab. Zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to zinc rougher 1. Zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab are added to pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stirred for 2-4 minutes, then adding copper sulfate activator for sphalerite, stirring for 2-4 minutes, and finally adding zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad. Zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to zinc scavenging 1.

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