Machining method for long-suspension straight-angle-shaped low-rigidity part

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a machining method for a long-suspended straight-angle-shaped low-rigidity part, which is used for machining the long-suspended straight-angle-shaped low-rigidity part and has high guiding significance for machining the long-suspended straight-angle-shaped low-rigidity part to guarantee perpendicularity. The method not only relates to reliable supporting and pre-deformation before part machining, but also relates to selection of scientific and reasonable cutting parameters in machining, can greatly facilitate technological compilation, clamping and machining of such parts, improves numerical control programming and machining efficiency, greatly increases the part machining yield, shortens the production cycle of products, reduces the production cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Wide popularization and application values are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular relates to a processing method for a low-rigidity part with a long overhang right-angle shape. Background Art

[0002] In general, the conventional processing process of long overhang right-angle parts is: rough machining, leaving a certain machining allowance on each part of the part; heat treatment to remove residual stress; semi-finishing, except for the reference surface, verticality and parts with precision requirements, leaving a certain allowance, the rest of the parts are to size; heat treatment followed by residual stress removal; machining the reference surface to size and ensuring flatness; finishing, positioning with the part reference surface, machining the vertical surface and other parts to size.

[0003] After the parts were processed conventionally as described above, it was found in the subsequent inspection that due to structural reasons, the vertical surface of the parts had a long overhang and poor rigidity. During processing, they were easily deformed due to lack of support, resulting in verticality and related dimensional deviations.

[0004] In order to solve the processing problems of such structural parts, improvements must be made in tooling design and selection of processing parameters. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a processing method for long overhang right-angle shaped low-rigidity parts. According to the structural characteristics of long overhang right-angle shaped parts, special tooling is manufactured and cutting parameters are set to guide the processing of long overhang right-angle shaped parts to ensure verticality, speed up process preparation, and improve processing quality.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part, used for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part, wherein the part has a right-angle structure and includes a reference plane and a vertical plane perpendicular to each other;

[0008] The processing method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S101: Processing the reference surface of the part to the required flatness, processing the vertical surface and reserving the processing allowance;

[0010] S102: clamping the part on the machine tool based on a reference plane support tool and a vertical plane close tool; the reference plane support tool is provided with a clamping surface with a flatness higher than that of the reference plane; when clamping the tool, the clamping surface is in contact with the reference plane, and the vertical plane close tool adopts a multi-point support method to support the part from the opposite side of the vertical plane;

[0013] S103: measuring the deformation of the vertical surface, and adjusting the supporting point of the vertical surface close to the tooling to make the deformation of the vertical surface lower than the preset requirement;

[0015] S104: Processing the vertical surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the reference surface support fixture is provided with a T-slot which is parallel to the clamping surface;

[0017] The T-slot is used for the reference surface supporting fixture to connect to the processing machine tool.

[0018] Furthermore, the reference plane supporting tooling is provided with a positioning pressure plate on one side of the reference plane; the pressure plate is used to clamp the part on the clamping surface from the reference plane.

[0019] Furthermore, the vertical surface abutment tooling comprises a mutually perpendicular fitting surface and a supporting surface, and the flatness of the fitting surface is less than 0.01 mm;

[0020] The vertical surface close fitting is installed on the main body where the reference surface is located based on the waist-shaped hole, and the fitting surface fits the clamping surface;

[0021] The main body where the supporting surface is located is provided with a plurality of threaded holes; the supporting surface supports the main body where the vertical surface is located at multiple points based on a plurality of supporting bolts passing through the threaded holes of the main body where the supporting surface is located.

[0022] Furthermore, when the main body where the reference surface is located is hollow, the fitting surface is arranged at the hollow part of the main body where the reference surface is located.

[0023] Furthermore, when the main body where the reference surface is located is solid, the fitting surface is arranged on the outside of the main body where the reference surface is located.

[0024] Furthermore, the supporting bolt is a ball head bolt.

[0025] Furthermore, a fastening nut is provided on a side of the supporting bolt away from the vertical plane; when the deformation of the vertical plane reaches a preset requirement, the supporting bolt is fixed to the vertical plane clamping tooling based on the fastening nut.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The present invention designs and manufactures reference plane support tooling and vertical plane abutment tooling according to the structural characteristics of long overhang right-angle parts, and fastens and supports the parts according to process requirements to facilitate CNC machining, speed up process preparation, and improve machining quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of machining and clamping of parts with hollow reference surface;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping process for parts with solid reference surfaces;

[0031] Among them: 1. Reference surface; 2. Vertical surface; 3. Clamping surface; 4. T-slot; 5. Pressure plate; 6. Fitting surface; 7. Support surface; 8. Support bolt; 9. Micrometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The following describes the embodiments of the present disclosure through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0034] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein can be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.

[0035] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present disclosure. The illustrations only show components related to the present disclosure rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0036] Additionally, in the following description, specific details are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects described may be practiced without these specific details.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing a long overhang right-angled low-rigidity part is provided, which is used to process a long overhang right-angled low-rigidity part, wherein the part has a right-angle structure and includes a reference plane 1 and a vertical plane 2 that are perpendicular to each other;

[0038] The processing method comprises the following steps:

[0039] S101: Processing the reference surface 1 of the part to a required flatness, processing the vertical surface 2 and reserving a processing allowance;

[0040] S102: clamping the part on the machine tool based on the reference plane 1 supporting tool and the vertical plane 2 close tool; the reference plane 1 supporting tool is provided with a clamping surface 3 with a flatness higher than that of the reference plane 1; when clamping the tool, the clamping surface 3 is in contact with the reference plane 1, and the vertical plane 2 close tool adopts a multi-point supporting method to support the part from the opposite side of the vertical plane 2;

[0041] S103: measuring the deformation of the vertical surface 2, and adjusting the supporting point of the vertical surface 2 close to the tooling to make the deformation of the vertical surface 2 lower than the preset requirement;

[0042] S104: Processing the vertical surface 2.

[0043] In this embodiment, the reference surface 1 supporting fixture is provided with a T-shaped slot 4 which is parallel to the clamping surface 3;

[0044] The T-slot 4 is used for the reference surface 1 to support the tooling connection of the processing machine tool.

[0045] In this embodiment, the reference surface 1 supporting tooling is provided with a positioning pressing plate 5 on one side of the reference surface 1 ; the pressing plate 5 is used to clamp the part on the clamping surface 3 from the reference surface 1 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the vertical surface 2 abutting against the tooling includes a mutually perpendicular fitting surface 6 and a supporting surface 7, and the flatness of the fitting surface 6 is less than 0.01 mm;

[0047] The vertical surface 2 is installed on the main body where the reference surface 1 is located based on the waist-shaped hole close to the tooling, and the fitting surface 6 fits the clamping surface 3;

[0048] The main body where the supporting surface 7 is located is provided with a plurality of threaded holes; the supporting surface 7 supports the main body where the vertical surface 2 is located at multiple points based on a plurality of supporting bolts 8 passing through the threaded holes of the main body where the supporting surface 7 is located.

[0049] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, when the main body where the reference surface 1 is located is hollow, the fitting surface 6 is arranged at the hollow part of the main body where the reference surface 1 is located.

[0050] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, when the main body where the reference surface 1 is located is solid, the fitting surface 6 is arranged on the outside of the main body where the reference surface 1 is located.

[0051] In this embodiment, the supporting bolt 8 is a ball bolt.

[0052] In this embodiment, a fastening nut is provided on the side of the supporting bolt 8 away from the vertical surface 2; when the deformation of the vertical surface 2 reaches a preset requirement, the supporting bolt 8 is fixed to the vertical surface 2 based on the fastening nut.

[0053] In this embodiment:

[0054] The reference surface 1 may be a hollow structure or a solid structure;

[0055] The reference plane 1 and the vertical plane 2 are perpendicular to each other and have a high verticality requirement;

[0056] The reference plane 1 and the vertical plane 2 have a large overhang, poor rigidity, and are easy to deform.

[0057] This embodiment can be described based on the following steps:

[0058] 1) Before machining the vertical surface 2, the part reference surface 1 is first machined to the required flatness, and a certain machining allowance is left for the vertical surface 2;

[0059] 2) When processing the vertical surface 2 of the part, according to the structural characteristics of the long overhang right-angle low-rigidity parts, make the reference surface 1 support fixture and the vertical surface 2 close fixture: the reference surface 1 support fixture clamps the part through the pressing plate 5 and is fastened to the CNC machine tool workbench, so that the part and the vertical surface 2 are positioned against the fixture. The flatness of the upper surface and the bottom surface of this fixture must be higher than the flatness requirement of the part;

[0060] 3) The vertical surface 2 is close to the fixture and is a right-angle structure, which is divided into the bottom surface and the vertical surface 2. The flatness of the bottom surface of this fixture and the verticality of the bottom surface of the vertical surface 2 must be higher than the requirements of the parts;

[0061] 4} The vertical surface 2 is close to the bottom surface of the tooling and is fastened to the reference surface 1 by fastening screws. The vertical surface 2 of the tooling is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the tooling. The shape is designed according to the vertical surface 2 of the part, can be reliably close to the vertical surface 2 of the part, and has a threaded hole;

[0062] 5} Several fastening screws are in contact with the vertical surface 2 of the part through the threaded holes to serve as ejection and close to the vertical surface 2 of the part;

[0063] 6) The fastening screw is long and equipped with a fastening nut at the root. After adjusting the extension length of the fastening screw and checking that the runout of the vertical surface 2 of the part is within 0.005mm, tighten the fastening nut to keep the part fixed;

[0064] 7) Start processing.

[0065] The tooling designed according to the structural characteristics of the parts must meet the following requirements:

[0066] 1) The processing of such parts requires two types of fixtures: the reference surface 1 support fixture and the vertical surface 2 close fixture;

[0067] 2) The function of the support fixture of the reference surface 1 is to clamp the parts on the workbench of the CNC machine tool through the pressing plate 5, so that the parts and the vertical surface 2 can be positioned against the fixture;

[0068] 3) The requirements for the support tooling of reference surface 1 are: the flatness of the upper surface and the bottom surface must be higher than the flatness requirements of the part;

[0069] 4) The function of the vertical surface 2 close fixture is to close the vertical surface 2 of the part and can fine-tune the flatness of the vertical surface 2;

[0070] 5) The requirements for the vertical surface 2 to be close to the tooling are: the structure is a right-angle structure, divided into the bottom surface and the vertical surface 2, and the requirements for the bottom surface flatness and the verticality of the vertical surface 2 to the bottom surface must be higher than the requirements for the parts.

[0071] Machining allowance and cutting parameters must meet the following requirements:

[0072] 1) Before machining the vertical surface 2 of the part, a certain machining allowance must be left;

[0073] 2) Before machining the vertical surface 2 of the part, the flatness of the part reference surface 1 must be machined in place; 5 3) Before machining the vertical surface 2 of the part, it is necessary to use a micrometer 9 to calibrate the part, and coordinate with the expansion and contraction of the fastening screws to ensure that the runout of the vertical surface 2 of the part is within 0.005mm;

[0074] 4) After checking the runout of vertical surface 2, tighten the nut to lock the position of the fastening screw to ensure that the runout of vertical surface 2 remains unchanged and the vertical surface 2 of the part is firmly supported during processing;

[0075] 5) To prevent the parts from rebounding after being loosened and clamped, the cutting parameters during processing should be small cutting depth (ap), large rotation speed 10 (S), small cutting speed (F), and use a tool with a smaller diameter (D).

[0076] Before processing the vertical surface 2 of the part in this embodiment, the flatness of the part reference surface 1 is processed to the required level; when processing the vertical surface 2 of the part, according to the structural characteristics of the long overhang right-angle shape and low rigidity parts, the reference surface 1 support fixture and the vertical surface 2 close fixture are made: the reference surface 1 support fixture clamps the part on the workbench of the CNC machine tool through the pressing plate 5, so that the part and the vertical surface 2 are positioned against the fixture, and the upper surface of this fixture and the bottom plane must be 15 degrees higher than the part flatness requirement; the vertical surface 2 close fixture is a right-angle structure, divided into the bottom surface and the vertical surface 2, and the bottom surface flatness of this fixture and the vertical surface 2 have high requirements on the bottom surface verticality According to the requirements of the part; the vertical surface 2 is close to the bottom surface of the tooling and is fastened to the reference surface 1 by fastening screws. The vertical surface 2 of the tooling is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the tooling. The shape is designed according to the vertical surface 2 of the part, can be reliably close to the vertical surface 2 of the part, and is provided with threaded holes; several fastening screws are in contact with the vertical surface 2 of the part through the threaded holes to be used for ejection and close to the vertical surface 2 of the part; the fastening screws are relatively long and are equipped with fastening nuts at the roots. When the extended length of the fastening screws is adjusted and the runout of the vertical surface 2 of the part is checked by dialing to be within 0.005mm, the fastening nuts are tightened to keep the part fixed; start processing.

[0077] The above is only a specific implementation of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part, which is used to process a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part, wherein the part has a right-angle structure and includes a reference plane and a vertical plane that are perpendicular to each other; It is characterized in that The processing method comprises the following steps: S101: Processing the reference surface of the part to a required flatness, processing the vertical surface and reserving a processing allowance; S102: clamping the part on the machine tool based on a reference plane support tool and a vertical plane close tool; the reference plane support tool is provided with a clamping surface with a flatness higher than that of the reference plane; when clamping the tool, the clamping surface is in contact with the reference plane, and the vertical plane close tool adopts a multi-point support method to support the part from the opposite side of the vertical plane; S103: measuring the deformation of the vertical surface, and adjusting the supporting point of the vertical surface close to the tooling to make the deformation of the vertical surface lower than the preset requirement; S104: Processing the vertical surface.

2. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference surface support fixture is provided with a T-slot parallel to the clamping surface; The T-slot is used for the reference surface supporting fixture to connect to the processing machine tool.

3. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reference plane supporting tooling is provided with a positioning pressing plate on one side of the reference plane; the pressing plate is used to clamp the part on the clamping surface from the reference plane.

4. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical surface abutment tooling comprises a mutually perpendicular fitting surface and a supporting surface, and the flatness of the fitting surface is less than 0.01 mm; The vertical surface close fitting is installed on the main body where the reference surface is located based on the waist-shaped hole, and the fitting surface fits the clamping surface; The main body where the supporting surface is located is provided with a plurality of threaded holes; the supporting surface supports the main body where the vertical surface is located at multiple points based on a plurality of supporting bolts passing through the threaded holes of the main body where the supporting surface is located.

5. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the main body where the reference surface is located is hollow, the fitting surface is arranged at the hollow part of the main body where the reference surface is located.

6. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the main body where the reference surface is located is solid, the fitting surface is arranged on the outer side of the main body where the reference surface is located.

7. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 6, characterized in that: The supporting bolt is a ball bolt.

8. The method for processing a long overhang right-angle low-rigidity part according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fastening nut is provided on one side of the supporting bolt away from the vertical plane; when the deformation of the vertical plane reaches a preset requirement, the supporting bolt is fixed to the vertical plane clamping tooling based on the fastening nut.

Images