A vehicle power management device and its application method

Abstract

This invention discloses an automotive power management device and its application method, belonging to the field of automotive power supplies. The device includes a power management circuit comprising a voltage input module, a current sampling module, a reverse connection protection module, a voltage regulator module, a control module, a temperature sampling module, an indicator light module, and a voltage output module. The voltage input module is connected to the voltage output module sequentially through the current sampling module and the reverse connection protection module. The voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module. The control module is connected to the voltage input module, the current sampling module, the voltage regulator module, the temperature sampling module, and the indicator light module. The control module also includes a communication interface. This invention achieves the functions of voltage conversion, short-circuit protection, redundant use, and multi-stage parallel enhanced output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive power supply. Specifically, this invention relates to an automotive power management device and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] The development of automotive electronics places increasingly higher demands on power management. In particular, multi-voltage systems are complex, costly, and difficult to develop.

[0003] Different automotive electronic components often require specific voltage levels to ensure stable performance and normal operation. For example, in-vehicle entertainment systems, engine control systems, safety assistance systems, and various sensors may require power supplies of 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V, or even lower. This need for multiple voltage combinations makes the architecture design of automotive electronic systems extremely complex. Numerous voltage conversion modules, circuit protection devices, and complex wiring layouts are intertwined, not only occupying a large amount of interior space but also increasing the risk of system failure.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing power management units immediately cut off power when the load experiences a momentary overload, and this sudden power outage can damage the load during operation.

[0005] Furthermore, due to the large number of automotive EEA (Electronic and Electrical Architecture) architectures, and the fact that the EEA architecture of each vehicle model is different, there is currently no power management product or solution that can be applied to all EEA architectures.

[0006] Therefore, this application proposes an automotive power management device and its application method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and proposes an automotive power management device and its application method to achieve the following objectives: to realize the functions of power supply voltage conversion, short circuit protection, redundant use, and multi-level parallel connection to enhance output.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an automotive power management device, the device comprising a power management circuit, the power management circuit comprising a voltage input module, a current sampling module, a reverse connection protection module, a voltage regulator module, a control module, a temperature sampling module, an indicator light module, and a voltage output module, wherein the voltage input module is connected to the voltage output module sequentially through the current sampling module and the reverse connection protection module; the voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module; the control module is connected to the voltage input module, the current sampling module, the voltage regulator module, the temperature sampling module, and the indicator light module respectively; the control module further comprises a communication interface.

[0009] Preferably, the voltage input module includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a transformer, a rectifier bridge, and a first PMOS transistor. The positive input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal in sequence through the primary side of the transformer, the source of the first PMOS transistor, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor. The gate of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the control module. The secondary side of the transformer is connected to the input pin of the rectifier bridge. The first output pin of the rectifier bridge is grounded, and the second output pin is connected to the current sampling module.

[0010] Preferably, the reverse connection protection module includes a second PMOS transistor, a first P-type transistor, a second P-type transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the current sampling module, and a terminal is connected to the emitter of the first P-type transistor. The collector of the first P-type transistor is grounded through the first resistor. The base of the first P-type transistor is connected to the collector of the first P-type transistor, and a terminal is connected to the base of the second P-type transistor. The gate of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the collector of the second P-type transistor, and a terminal is grounded through the second resistor. The source of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the emitter of the second P-type transistor, and a terminal is connected to the voltage output module.

[0011] Preferably, the device further includes an energy storage battery, the control module is connected to the voltage regulator module and has a lead-out terminal connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery; the negative terminal of the energy storage battery is grounded.

[0012] Preferably, the voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module via a reverse diode.

[0013] Preferably, the device is redundantly configured and communicates with external power supply equipment through the communication interface of the control module.

[0014] Preferably, the indicator module includes a first indicator light, a second indicator light, a third indicator light, a fourth indicator light, a fifth indicator light, and a sixth indicator light. Based on the control signal from the control module, different indicator light states represent different device operating states, including:

[0015] If the first indicator light, the second indicator light, and the third indicator light are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state.

[0016] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input overvoltage fault.

[0017] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates a high-voltage input undervoltage fault.

[0018] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input power supply failure.

[0019] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state.

[0020] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it means that the device is operating at full power.

[0021] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is working together with its redundant device.

[0022] When the first, second, and third indicator lights are all lit and remain lit for a preset time, it indicates that the device has started working and passed the self-test.

[0023] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is flashing, and the third indicator light is flashing, it indicates that the device and its redundant devices are working together and the device is at full power.

[0024] If the fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state.

[0025] If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates that the device is outputting an overvoltage fault.

[0026] The fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, indicating that the device has an undervoltage output fault.

[0027] If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates a device output fault.

[0028] When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state.

[0029] The fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, indicating that the load at the device's output terminal is short-circuited.

[0030] When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in full-load output mode.

[0031] The fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights illuminate and remain lit for a preset time, indicating that the device has started working and passed the self-test.

[0032] Preferably, the device further includes a housing, a base, and electrical connectors, wherein the housing is disposed on the base; the power management circuit is disposed in the base, and the input terminal of the voltage input module, the output terminal of the voltage output module, and the communication interface are led out through the electrical connectors and disposed on the base; the indicator light module of the power management circuit is disposed on the top of the housing.

[0033] This application also proposes a method for applying an automotive power management device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step S1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the load current through the current sampling module. After a delay, the current load current is collected and compared with the preset overload current threshold to determine whether the load current is normal. If the load current is normal, the current monitoring continues.

[0035] Step S2: If the load current is abnormal, i.e. overload, the current load current is compared with the maximum value in the preset current MAP to determine whether the current load current is a peak current. If it is not a peak current, the device maintains normal power supply.

[0036] Step S3: If it is a peak current, compare the current load current with the preset short-circuit critical current value to determine whether there is a short-circuit risk. If there is no short-circuit risk, the device maintains normal power supply.

[0037] Step S4: If there is a risk of short circuit, the device will limit the power output; similarly, after a delay, the current load current is collected again and the number of collections is incremented by one. Then, steps S1 to S3 are repeated.

[0038] Step S5: After the number of data collections reaches the preset number, if the current device still has a short circuit risk, the device will be powered off; otherwise, the device will be powered on normally.

[0039] In addition, this application also proposes an application method for an automotive power management device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step T1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the output power of the device.

[0041] Step T2: When the device is detected to be operating at full load, the control module controls the device to maintain full power operation and records the holding time.

[0042] Step T3: If the holding time has reached the preset time threshold, continue to maintain full power operation; otherwise, the control module requests the redundant device of the current device to join the parallel connection from the external power supply equipment. After the parallel connection is successful, the current device and its redundant device jointly supply power to the load.

[0043] Step T4: If parallel connection fails, the current device temperature rise will be detected in real time through the temperature sampling module. If the device temperature rise exceeds the preset temperature difference, the device will continue to request parallel connection after limiting the power output. Otherwise, steps T2 to T4 will be repeated.

[0044] The technical advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention integrates load current monitoring and overload protection functions, and supports communication with external power supply equipment. It can be flexibly configured for redundant or parallel use, reducing the amount of wiring harness used and lowering the overall copper consumption of the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of an automotive power management device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an automotive power management device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection port of the base of an automotive power management device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the power management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the indicator light layout on the top of the housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 Flowchart of the method of application method one in this embodiment of the invention;

[0051] Figure 7 The flowchart of method two in this embodiment of the invention.

[0052] Figure 2 In the diagram, 1 is a round indicator light; 2 is a square indicator light; 3 is the outer casing; 4 is the base; and 5 is the electrical connector.

[0053] Figure 3 In the diagram, 51 is the positive voltage input terminal, 52 is the first communication interface, 53 is the positive voltage output terminal, 54 is the negative voltage output terminal, 55 is the first communication interface, and 56 is the negative voltage input terminal.

[0054] Figure 5 In the diagram, 11 is a green rectangular indicator light, 12 is a yellow rectangular indicator light, 13 is a red rectangular indicator light, 21 is a green circular indicator light, 22 is a yellow circular indicator light, and 23 is a red circular indicator light. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate, and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and to facilitate its implementation. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions and distinguishing different components, and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. To make the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be explained and illustrated through the following embodiments.

[0056] This embodiment provides an automotive power management device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a power management circuit, which comprises a voltage input module, a current sampling module, a reverse connection protection module, a voltage regulator module, a control module, a temperature sampling module, an indicator light module, and a voltage output module. The voltage input module is connected to the voltage output module sequentially through the current sampling module and the reverse connection protection module. The voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module. The control module is connected to the voltage input module, the current sampling module, the voltage regulator module, the temperature sampling module, and the indicator light module. The control module also includes a communication interface.

[0057] The device in this embodiment also includes a housing 3, a base 4, and an electrical connector 5, the external structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the housing 3 is disposed on the base 4, and the power management circuit is disposed in the base 4, with the housing 3 providing protection for the power management circuit in the base 4. The input terminal of the voltage input module, the output terminal of the voltage output module, and the communication interface are led out through the electrical connector 5 and disposed on the base 4; the indicator light module of the power management circuit is disposed on the top of the housing 3. In this embodiment, the indicator light module on the top of the housing 3 includes a circular indicator light 1 and a direction indicator light 2.

[0058] In this embodiment, the electrical connectors 5 on the base 4 are distributed as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a positive voltage input terminal 51, a first communication interface 52, a positive voltage output terminal 53, a negative voltage output terminal 54, a first communication interface 55, and a negative voltage input terminal 56. The overall device structure of this embodiment is simple, and it adopts a direct-plug structure using electrical connectors to achieve quick plug-in and unplugging.

[0059] The specific structure of the power management circuit in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the voltage input module includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a transformer, a rectifier bridge, and a first PMOS transistor. The positive input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal sequentially through the primary side of the transformer, the source of the first PMOS transistor, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor. The gate of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the control module. The secondary side of the transformer is connected to the input pin of the rectifier bridge. The first output pin of the rectifier bridge is grounded, and the second output pin is connected to the current sampling module. In this embodiment, the control module can control the gate input of the first PMOS transistor to realize the connection and shutdown of the power supply. Simultaneously, a rectifier bridge is provided to realize AC to DC conversion, allowing the device to be applied to various EEA architectures. The transformer is used to convert the input voltage into the required voltage to power the load, thereby meeting the power supply requirements of various loads.

[0060] In this embodiment, the current sampling module is a sampling resistor Rs, and the control module can monitor the load current flowing through the sampling resistor Rs in real time. The temperature sampling module is a thermistor Rt, and the control module can monitor the temperature rise of the entire device in real time.

[0061] The reverse connection protection module in this embodiment is used to ensure that the voltage of other parallel devices at the voltage output terminal will not flow into the device in reverse when there is no input at the voltage input terminal, thereby protecting the device from damage. Specifically, it includes a second PMOS transistor, a first P-type transistor, a second P-type transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the current sampling module and its lead-out terminal is connected to the emitter of the first P-type transistor. The collector of the first P-type transistor is grounded through the first resistor. The base of the first P-type transistor is connected to the collector of the first P-type transistor and its lead-out terminal is connected to the base of the second P-type transistor. The gate of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the collector of the second P-type transistor and its lead-out terminal is grounded through the second resistor. The source of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the emitter of the second P-type transistor and its lead-out terminal is connected to the voltage output module.

[0062] In the reverse connection protection module of this embodiment, dual transistors form a mirror circuit. The emitters of the two transistors serve as input terminals, respectively detecting the output voltage of the voltage input module and the input voltage of the voltage output module. When the output voltage of the voltage input module is higher than the input voltage of the voltage output module, the first P-type transistor saturates and conducts, while the second P-type transistor is cut off. The collector of the second P-type transistor is pulled to ground by the second resistor. Since the gate of the second PMOS transistor is also connected to the collector of the second P-type transistor, the gate of the second PMOS transistor is pulled to ground and conducts. Conversely, if the output voltage of the voltage input module is lower than the input voltage of the voltage output module, the second P-type transistor saturates and conducts, and the gate of the second PMOS transistor is pulled high and cut off, thereby achieving the reverse current protection function. In addition, because a PMOS transistor is used, the PMOS transistor can only conduct when the gate-to-source voltage is low, thus also achieving the reverse power connection protection function.

[0063] The voltage output module in this embodiment includes a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. The positive output terminal is connected to the reverse connection protection module and the voltage regulator module, respectively, and the negative output terminal is grounded.

[0064] The device in this embodiment also includes an energy storage battery B. The control module is connected to the voltage regulator module and has a terminal connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery B; the negative terminal of the energy storage battery B is grounded. The energy storage battery B can power the control module. When not plugged into a socket, the control module does not detect voltage at the positive and negative input terminals and will enter a sleep state. At this time, the capacity of the energy storage battery B can support continuous sleep. During normal operation, the energy storage battery B can be charged by the voltage at the positive and negative output terminals.

[0065] Voltage regulator modules are a common practice among those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, one end of the voltage regulator module is connected to the positive output terminal, the other end is grounded, and it is also connected to the control module to stabilize the output voltage of the voltage output module according to the control signal from the control module.

[0066] To prevent the voltage of the energy storage battery B from affecting the voltage output module through the voltage regulator module, the voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module through a reverse diode to prevent reverse current and thus protect the circuit.

[0067] The control module in this embodiment can employ control chips such as CPUs and MCUs, offering advantages such as small size, high integration, and strong expandability. In specific implementations, the appropriate chip can be flexibly selected based on actual needs. The device in this embodiment can communicate with external power supply equipment through the communication interface of the control module. For example, when plugged into a socket, the socket's mainboard sends startup voltage and current data to the device. Upon receiving this data, the control module sets the voltage and current parameters accordingly. Simultaneously, during normal operation, the control module can synchronize the monitored load current, voltage input terminal voltage, and voltage output terminal voltage to the socket's mainboard. If any abnormality is detected, it will communicate with the mainboard and display the fault.

[0068] In the application of this embodiment, the device is usually configured with redundancy, that is, two identical devices are used at the same time. Both devices communicate with the external power supply through the communication interface of their respective control modules. The external power supply controls one device to start working while the other goes into sleep mode. When the active device fails, the sleep device is immediately activated to achieve redundancy.

[0069] The indicator light module in this embodiment includes a first indicator light, a second indicator light, a third indicator light, a fourth indicator light, a fifth indicator light, and a sixth indicator light. Based on the control signal from the control module, different indicator light states represent different device operating states, specifically including:

[0070] If the first indicator light, the second indicator light, and the third indicator light are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state.

[0071] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input overvoltage fault.

[0072] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates a high-voltage input undervoltage fault.

[0073] If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input power supply failure.

[0074] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state.

[0075] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it means that the device is operating at full power.

[0076] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is working together with its redundant device.

[0077] When the first, second, and third indicator lights are all lit and remain lit for a preset time (set to 3 seconds in this embodiment), it indicates that the device has started working and passed the self-test.

[0078] When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is flashing, and the third indicator light is flashing, it indicates that the device and its redundant devices are working together and the device is at full power.

[0079] If the fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state.

[0080] If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates that the device is outputting an overvoltage fault.

[0081] The fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, indicating that the device has an undervoltage output fault.

[0082] If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates a device output fault.

[0083] When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state.

[0084] The fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, indicating that the load at the device's output terminal is short-circuited.

[0085] When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in full-load output mode.

[0086] The fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights are all lit and remain lit for a preset time (set to 3 seconds in this embodiment), indicating that the device has started working and passed the self-test.

[0087] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the first, second, and third indicator lights correspond to a green rectangular indicator light 11, a yellow rectangular indicator light 12, and a red rectangular indicator light 13, respectively; the fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights correspond to a green circular indicator light 21, a yellow circular indicator light 22, and a red circular indicator light 23, respectively. The operating status of this device can be intuitively determined by the status of these six indicator lights on the top of the housing.

[0088] Based on the aforementioned automotive power management device, this embodiment proposes an application method one. This method can ensure the normal power supply to the load while avoiding power outages caused by misjudgments due to momentary overload, thus effectively protecting the power supply safety of the load. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the load current through the current sampling module. After a delay (the delay time can be flexibly set according to the actual situation), the current load current is collected and compared with the preset overload current threshold to determine whether the load current is normal. If the current load current is greater than the preset overload current threshold, it is considered overloaded and the load current is abnormal; otherwise, it indicates that the load current is abnormal. If the load current is normal, current monitoring continues.

[0090] Step S2: If the load current is abnormal, i.e. overload, the current load current is compared with the maximum value in the preset current MAP to determine whether the current load current is a peak current. If it is not a peak current, the device maintains normal power supply. The current MAP is calibrated in advance through a large amount of experimental data to represent the load current characteristics of the device, including the instantaneous peak current in a very short time, i.e., the peak current.

[0091] Step S3: If it is a peak current, compare the current load current with the preset short-circuit critical current value to determine if there is a short-circuit risk. If the current load current is greater than or equal to the preset short-circuit critical current value, it is considered that there is a short-circuit risk; otherwise, there is no short-circuit risk. If there is no short-circuit risk, the device maintains normal power supply.

[0092] Step S4: If there is a risk of short circuit, the device will limit the power output; similarly, after a delay, the current load current is collected again and the number of collections is incremented by one. Then, steps S1 to S3 are repeated.

[0093] Step S5: After the number of data collections reaches the preset number, if the current device still has a short circuit risk, the device will be powered off, which protects the line and ensures that the load is not misjudged due to peak current conditions; otherwise, the device will be powered normally.

[0094] This embodiment also proposes a second application method, the principle of which is: when the load power exceeds the device's power supply power, the device will not directly cut off the power, but will first supply power at full load, and then request redundant modules to connect in parallel. When the parallel connection is successful, the two modules supply power simultaneously, increasing the power demand of the load. Figure 7 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0095] Step T1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the output power of the device; the output power can be obtained by the control module through monitoring the load current.

[0096] Step T2: When the device is detected to be operating at full load, the control module controls the device to maintain full power operation and records the holding time.

[0097] Step T3: If the holding time has reached a preset time threshold (which can be flexibly set according to actual conditions), and if not, the device continues to operate at full power; otherwise, the control module requests the redundant device of the current device to join the parallel connection from the external power supply equipment. Upon receiving the request, the external power supply equipment will issue an instruction to the redundant device to participate in the parallel operation, thereby relieving the load supply of the original device. After successful parallel connection, the current device and its redundant device jointly supply power to the load.

[0098] Step T4: If parallel connection fails, the current device temperature rise will be detected in real time through the temperature sampling module. If the device temperature rise exceeds the preset temperature difference, the device will continue to request parallel connection after limiting the power output. Otherwise, steps T2 to T4 will be repeated.

[0099] This invention is essentially an improved controllable DC-DC converter that integrates load current monitoring and overload protection functions, and supports communication with external power supply equipment. It can be flexibly configured for redundant or parallel use, reducing the amount of wiring harness used and lowering the overall copper consumption of the vehicle.

[0100] The present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution; or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle power management device, characterized in that: The device includes a power management circuit, which comprises a voltage input module, a current sampling module, a reverse connection protection module, a voltage regulator module, a control module, a temperature sampling module, an indicator light module, and a voltage output module. The voltage input module is connected to the voltage output module sequentially through the current sampling module and the reverse connection protection module. The voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module. The control module is connected to the voltage input module, the current sampling module, the voltage regulator module, the temperature sampling module, and the indicator light module. The control module also includes a communication interface. The reverse connection protection module includes a second PMOS transistor, a first P-type transistor, and a second P-type transistor. The system comprises a transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The drain of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the current sampling module, and a terminal is connected to the emitter of the first P-type transistor. The collector of the first P-type transistor is grounded through the first resistor. The base of the first P-type transistor is connected to the collector of the first P-type transistor, and a terminal is connected to the base of the second P-type transistor. The gate of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the collector of the second P-type transistor, and a terminal is grounded through the second resistor. The source of the second PMOS transistor is connected to the emitter of the second P-type transistor, and a terminal is connected to the voltage output module.

2. The automotive power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage input module includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a transformer, a rectifier bridge, and a first PMOS transistor. The positive input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal in sequence through the primary side of the transformer, the source of the first PMOS transistor, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor. The gate of the first PMOS transistor is connected to the control module. The secondary side of the transformer is connected to the input pin of the rectifier bridge. The first output pin of the rectifier bridge is grounded, and the second output pin is connected to the current sampling module.

3. The automotive power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes an energy storage battery. The control module is connected to the voltage regulator module and has a terminal connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery. The negative terminal of the energy storage battery is grounded.

4. The automotive power management device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The voltage regulator module is connected to the voltage output module via a reverse diode.

5. The automotive power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device is redundantly configured and communicates with external power supply equipment through the communication interface of the control module.

6. The automotive power management device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indicator module includes a first indicator light, a second indicator light, a third indicator light, a fourth indicator light, a fifth indicator light, and a sixth indicator light. Based on the control signals from the control module, different indicator light states represent different operating states of the device, including: If the first indicator light, the second indicator light, and the third indicator light are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state. If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input overvoltage fault. If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates a high-voltage input undervoltage fault. If the first indicator light is off, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is on, it indicates a high-voltage input power supply failure. When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state. When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is off, and the third indicator light is on, it means that the device is operating at full power. When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is on, and the third indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is working together with its redundant device. When the first, second, and third indicator lights are all lit and remain lit for a preset time, it indicates that the device has started working and passed the self-test. When the first indicator light is on, the second indicator light is flashing, and the third indicator light is flashing, it indicates that the device and its redundant devices are working together and the device is at full power. If the fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights are all off, it means that the device is in a stopped working state. If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates that the device is outputting an overvoltage fault. The fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, indicating that the device has an undervoltage output fault. If the fourth indicator light is off, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is on, it indicates a device output fault. When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in an independent working state. The fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is off, and the sixth indicator light is on, indicating that the load at the device's output terminal is short-circuited. When the fourth indicator light is on, the fifth indicator light is on, and the sixth indicator light is off, it indicates that the device is in full-load output mode. The fourth, fifth, and sixth indicator lights illuminate and remain lit for a preset time, indicating that the device has started working and passed the self-test.

7. A vehicle power management device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The device further includes a housing, a base, and electrical connectors, wherein the housing is disposed on the base; the power management circuit is disposed in the base, and the input terminal of the voltage input module, the output terminal of the voltage output module, and the communication interface are led out through the electrical connectors and disposed on the base; the indicator light module of the power management circuit is disposed on the top of the housing.

8. A method for applying an automotive power management device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step S1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the load current through the current sampling module. After a delay, the current load current is collected and compared with the preset overload current threshold to determine whether the load current is normal. If the load current is normal, the current monitoring continues. Step S2: If the load current is abnormal, i.e. overload, the current load current is compared with the maximum value in the preset current MAP to determine whether the current load current is a peak current. If it is not a peak current, the device maintains normal power supply. Step S3: If it is a peak current, compare the current load current with the preset short-circuit critical current value to determine whether there is a short-circuit risk. If there is no short-circuit risk, the device maintains normal power supply. Step S4: If there is a risk of short circuit, the device will limit the power output; similarly, after a delay, the current load current is collected again and the number of collections is incremented by one. Then, steps S1 to S3 are repeated. Step S5: After the number of data collections reaches the preset number, if the current device still has a short circuit risk, the device will be powered off; otherwise, the device will be powered on normally.

9. A method for applying an automotive power management device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step T1: When the device is powered normally, the control module monitors the output power of the device. Step T2: When the device is detected to be operating at full load, the control module controls the device to maintain full power operation and records the holding time. Step T3: If the holding time has reached the preset time threshold, continue to maintain full power operation; otherwise, the control module requests the redundant device of the current device to join the parallel connection from the external power supply equipment. After the parallel connection is successful, the current device and its redundant device jointly supply power to the load. Step T4: If parallel connection fails, the current device temperature rise will be detected in real time through the temperature sampling module. If the device temperature rise exceeds the preset temperature difference, the device will continue to request parallel connection after limiting the power output. Otherwise, steps T2 to T4 will be repeated.

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