Hydrostatic transmission structure and method applied to backhoe loader

Abstract

The hydrostatic transmission structure comprises a walking motor, an engine, a walking pump, a transfer case and a walking driving device, the engine, the walking pump, the transfer case and the walking motor are sequentially arranged from left to right with the engine as the starting point, the left side of the walking pump is connected with the output end of the engine, and the right side of the walking pump is connected with the output end of the transfer case. The walking pump is connected with the walking motor through a connecting pipeline, the walking motor is connected with an input shaft on the right side of the transfer case, the walking driving device is located below the walking motor and connected with the transfer case, mechanical energy of an engine can be converted into hydraulic energy through the walking pump, and the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy through the walking motor. And finally, the mechanical energy is transmitted to the walking driving device by virtue of the transfer case, so that the transmission efficiency of the backhoe loader can be improved, and the working efficiency of walking, excavating and loading is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of excavator transmission modes, and in particular to a hydrostatic transmission structure and method applied to an excavator loader. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] At present, all backhoe loaders adopt hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic transmission of the excavator refers to the transmission of the power of the engine to the drive wheels through the hydraulic transmission gearbox, the upper transfer case, the intermediate drive shaft, the lower transfer case, the front drive shaft, the rear drive shaft, the front axle and the rear axle, so as to drive the crawler tracks of the excavator to rotate. However, the hydraulic transmission mode of the above-mentioned excavator has low transmission efficiency, high fuel consumption, high noise and poor operating comfort. The existing literature does not make any adjustment to the transmission mode of the above-mentioned backhoe loaders. Therefore, the designer believes that a targeted and effective solution is needed for the transmission mode of the backhoe loader in the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrostatic transmission structure and method for an excavator loader. The transmission structure eliminates the gearbox structure in the traditional way and is directly connected to the travel motor through the engine and the travel pump, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the excavator loader, further improve the work efficiency of excavation and loading, reduce fuel consumption and noise, and improve driving comfort.

[0005] A hydrostatic transmission structure applied to an excavator loader includes a travel motor, an engine, a travel pump, a transfer case and a travel drive device. Starting from the engine, the engine, the travel pump, the transfer case and the travel motor are arranged in sequence from left to right. The left side of the travel pump is connected to the output end of the engine, the travel pump is connected to the travel motor through a connecting pipe, the travel motor is connected to the input shaft on the right side of the transfer case, and the travel drive device is located below the travel motor and is connected to the transfer case.

[0006] Preferably, the output shaft of the transfer case is located at the lower left of the transfer case and is arranged diagonally with the input shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the travel drive device includes a front drive axle, a rear drive axle and a transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the transfer case, and the other end is connected to the front drive axle, and the rear drive axle is located behind the transfer case and adopts an integrated structure with the transfer case.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission shaft is located below the engine.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a working pump, which is located between the travel pump and the transfer case and is connected in series with the travel pump.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the working pump away from the transfer case is connected to the travel pump, and the other end is connected to the oil replenishing device.

[0011] Preferably, a working pump oil suction pipeline is connected to the front side of the working pump, and a working pump oil outlet pipeline is connected to the upper side.

[0012] Preferably, the oil replenishment device includes an oil replenishment pump, an oil replenishment filter, an oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe and an oil replenishment pump oil suction pipe. The oil replenishment pump is located on the right side of the working pump and is fixed on the end of the working pump away from the travel pump. The oil replenishment pump and the working pump are not connected. The front side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil suction pipe, the rear side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe, and the other end of the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe is directly connected to the travel pump.

[0013] Preferably, the oil replenishment filter is arranged on the oil outlet pipeline of the oil replenishment pump.

[0014] Preferably, a method for a hydrostatic transmission structure applied to a backhoe loader is based on the above-mentioned hydrostatic transmission structure applied to a backhoe loader, and the method comprises:

[0015] Step 1: The engine transfers mechanical energy to the travel pump;

[0016] Step 2: The travel pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by means of the hydraulic system to generate high-pressure oil; the high-pressure oil generated in the travel pump is transported to the interior of the travel motor through a connecting pipe connected to the travel motor;

[0017] Step 3: The travel motor converts the hydraulic energy in the high-pressure oil into mechanical energy, and the travel motor transmits the mechanical energy to the transfer case.

[0018] Step 4: With the help of the transfer case, the mechanical energy can be transmitted to the travel drive device and the front drive axle and the rear drive axle.

[0019] With one or more of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The excavator loader of the present invention abandons the existing hydraulic transmission method and adopts a static hydraulic transmission method. Since this transmission method does not use a gearbox or other structures in its structure, the mechanical energy of the engine can be converted into hydraulic energy through a travel pump, and the hydraulic energy can be converted into mechanical energy through a travel motor. Finally, the mechanical energy is transmitted to the travel drive device with the help of a transfer case, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the excavator loader and further improve the work efficiency of walking, excavating and loading.

[0021] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view of the hydrostatic transmission structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a side view of the hydrostatic transmission structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A top view of the hydrostatic transmission structure of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure: 1 travel motor, 2 engine, 3 travel pump, 4 transfer case, 5 travel drive device, 6 input shaft, 7 output shaft, 8 front drive axle, 9 rear drive axle, 10 transmission shaft, 11 working pump, 12 working pump oil suction pipeline, 13 working pump oil outlet pipeline, 14 oil replenishment pump, 15 oil replenishment filter, 16 oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipeline, 17 oil replenishment pump oil suction pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a hydrostatic transmission structure applied to an excavator loader includes a travel motor 1, an engine 2, a travel pump 3, a transfer case 4 and a travel drive device 5. Starting from the engine 1, the engine 2, the travel pump 3, the transfer case 4 and the travel motor 1 are arranged in sequence from left to right. The left side of the travel pump 3 is connected to the output end of the engine 2, the travel pump is connected to the travel motor through a connecting pipe, and the travel motor 1 is connected to the input shaft 6 on the right side of the transfer case 4. Specifically, the output end of the travel pump and the engine is connected through a coupling, an input shaft 6 is arranged at the upper right corner of the transfer case 4, and the travel motor and the input shaft 6 of the transfer case are also connected through a coupling. The travel drive device is located below the travel motor and is connected to the transfer case.

[0031] The engine, travel pump, transfer case, travel motor and travel drive device in this embodiment all belong to the prior art. The specific internal structures of these devices will not be described in detail in this article, and only their functions will be explained.

[0032] In this embodiment, the engine 2 of the backhoe loader adopts a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. The reciprocating piston internal combustion engine has a large compression ratio, high thermal efficiency, and much better economic performance and emission performance than a gasoline engine. There is an oil inlet on the engine, which is connected to a fuel tank storing fuel through a pipeline. When the engine is in working condition, it can convert the chemical energy in the oil fuel into mechanical energy of piston movement and output power to the outside. It is the power source for the backhoe loader tracks and loading cargo.

[0033] Since the travel pump is connected to the output end of the engine, the mechanical power generated by the engine through the piston movement will be transmitted to the travel pump. The travel pump in this embodiment plays a role similar to that of a hydraulic pump in the power transmission process. Since there is a hydraulic system inside the travel pump machine, it can convert the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy through its own hydraulic system. The travel pump will transmit the hydraulic energy to the travel motor, and the travel motor will convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and drive the transfer case to enter the working state. The specific process is as follows:

[0034] 1. The engine transfers mechanical energy to the travel pump through the coupling;

[0035] 2. The travel pump relies on the hydraulic system to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy to generate high-pressure oil;

[0036] 3. The high-pressure oil generated in the travel pump passes through the distribution valve and the central rotary joint and is transported to the inside of the travel motor through the pipeline connected to the travel motor;

[0037] 4. The travel motor converts the hydraulic energy in the high-pressure oil into mechanical energy, and the travel motor transmits the mechanical energy to each transfer case through the coupling.

[0038] Since the working machine selected in this embodiment is an excavator loader, the transfer case 4 uses four-wheel drive. The function of the transfer case is to reasonably distribute the mechanical power at the travel motor and transmit the power to the front axle and the rear axle.

[0039] The output shaft of the transfer case 7 is located at the lower left of the transfer case 4, and is arranged diagonally with the input shaft 6. The transfer case can reasonably distribute the mechanical power at the travel motor through the output shaft and transmit the power to the travel drive device.

[0040] The travel drive device 5 includes a front drive axle 9, a rear drive axle 10 and a transmission shaft 11. The transmission shaft 11 is located below the engine 2. One end of the transmission shaft 11 is connected to the output shaft of the transfer case, and the other end is connected to the front drive axle 9. The function of the transmission shaft is to transmit power to the wheels through the front drive axle, so that the vehicle forms a driving force, and the vehicle can move by driving the track to rotate. The rear drive axle 10 is located behind the transfer case, and it adopts an integrated structure with the transfer case. Due to the integrated structure adopted, the transfer case can directly transmit power to the rear drive axle 10.

[0041] The front drive axle and the rear drive axle in this embodiment still belong to the prior art. The drive axle is composed of a main reducer, a differential, a wheel transmission device and a drive axle housing. The power transmitted from the universal transmission device is bent at an angle of 90 degrees and distributed to the left and right half shafts and the drive wheels through the differential. The rotation speed is reduced and the torque is increased through the transmission of the main reducer gear. The bevel gear transmission is used to change the transmission direction of the torque. The inner and outer wheels are rotated at different speeds through the differential to adapt to the steering requirements of the load. The load-bearing and force transmission functions are realized through the axle housing and the wheels. The function of the drive axle is to increase the torque, change the transmission direction of the torque, etc.

[0042] In order to achieve the excavation and loading tasks of the backhoe loader, a working pump 11 is also provided in this embodiment. The working pump 11 is located between the travel pump 3 and the transfer case 4, and is distributed in series with the travel pump position. One end of the working pump away from the transfer case is connected to the travel pump, and the other end is connected to an oil replenishing device. A working pump oil suction pipeline 12 is connected to the front side of the working pump, and a working pump oil outlet pipeline 13 is connected to the upper side. In this embodiment, the other end of the working pump oil outlet pipeline is connected to the excavation bucket and other devices of the backhoe loader. Through the working pump oil outlet pipeline, the mechanical energy of the engine can be transmitted to the excavation bucket of the backhoe loader through the cooperation of various transmission structures, and finally drive the bucket to work. In addition, the other side of the working pump oil suction pipeline is connected to the oil tank. The working pump device can draw oil from the oil tank through the working pump oil suction pipeline to replenish the loss caused by oil circulation.

[0043] In addition, the oil replenishment device includes an oil replenishment pump 14, an oil replenishment filter 15, an oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe 16 and an oil replenishment pump oil suction pipe 17. The oil replenishment pump 14 is located on the right side of the working pump 11, and is fixed on the end of the working pump away from the travel pump. The oil replenishment pump and the working pump are not connected. The front side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil suction pipe 16, and the end of the oil replenishment pump oil suction pipe 16 away from the oil replenishment pump will be directly connected to the oil tank. Its function is the same as that of the working pump oil suction pipe 12, both of which draw oil from the oil tank and inject it into the oil replenishment pump. The rear side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe 16, and the other end of the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe is directly connected to the travel pump. The oil replenishment pump will transport oil to the travel pump through the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe to make up for the loss caused by oil circulation in the travel system. The oil replenishment filter 15 is arranged on the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipe to filter the added oil.

[0044] The oil charge pump in this embodiment belongs to the prior art. The oil charge pump can provide cooling oil to the system, reduce the temperature of the system, maintain the pressure of the main system circuit, provide operating pressure to the control circuit, and supplement the oil loss caused by internal leakage. The oil charge pump plays an indispensable role in the precise control inside the vehicle, ensuring the stability and safety of the vehicle performance. The oil charge pump plays a key role in the automobile mechanical system. Its core responsibility is to ensure the stable operation of the system. The following are some key functions of the oil charge pump:

[0045] ①. Maintaining temperature: The oil charge pump can effectively reduce the internal temperature of the system by delivering cooling oil and keep it within the appropriate working range;

[0046] ②. Pressure maintenance: Through continuous replenishment, the charge pump maintains a constant pressure in the main system circuit, providing necessary support for the normal operation of the system;

[0047] ③. Control pressure: The charge pump provides control pressure for the control circuit, which is consistent with the pressure level of the main system to ensure accurate control;

[0048] ④. Compensation for losses: In the face of internal leakage or other losses, the oil replenishment pump is responsible for replenishing the oil to avoid damage to the transmission system;

[0049] ⑤. Structural features: The charge pump usually adopts a gear pump design, such as an external gear pump or a cycloid metering pump, which is connected to and driven by the main pump, and the output pressure is controlled by a relief valve;

[0050] ⑥. Adaptive adjustment: If the displacement of the replenishing pump is insufficient, you can consider increasing the displacement or adding an additional gear pump to the main pump structure to meet higher replenishing needs.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Another typical embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 1As shown, a hydrostatic transmission method is disclosed.

[0053] In combination with the hydrostatic transmission structure applied to the backhoe loader in Example 1, in this embodiment, a hydrostatic transmission method is introduced, and its specific working steps include:

[0054] Step 1: The engine transfers mechanical energy to the travel pump. Specifically, the engine converts the chemical energy of the oil into mechanical energy of piston movement, and transfers the mechanical energy to the travel pump through the first output end;

[0055] Step 2: The travel pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by means of the hydraulic system to generate high-pressure oil; the high-pressure oil generated in the travel pump is transported to the interior of the travel motor through a connecting pipe connected to the travel motor;

[0056] Step 3: The travel motor converts the hydraulic energy in the high-pressure oil into mechanical energy, and the travel motor transmits the mechanical energy to the transfer case;

[0057] Step 4: With the help of the transfer case, the mechanical energy can be transmitted to the travel drive device and the front drive axle and the rear drive axle.

[0058] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader, characterized in that: It includes a travel motor, an engine, a travel pump, a transfer case and a travel drive device. Starting from the engine, the engine, the travel pump, the transfer case and the travel motor are arranged in sequence from left to right. The left side of the travel pump is connected to the output end of the engine, the travel pump is connected to the travel motor through a connecting pipe, the travel motor is connected to the input shaft on the right side of the transfer case, and the travel drive device is located below the travel motor and is connected to the transfer case.

2. A hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft of the transfer case is located at the lower left of the transfer case and is arranged diagonally with the input shaft.

3. The hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The travel drive device includes a front drive axle, a rear drive axle and a transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the transfer case, and the other end is connected to the front drive axle. The rear drive axle is located behind the transfer case and adopts an integrated structure with the transfer case.

4. A hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission shaft is located below the engine.

5. The hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a working pump, which is located between the travel pump and the transfer case and is distributed in series with the travel pump.

6. The hydrostatic transmission structure for use in an excavator loader according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the working pump away from the transfer case is connected to the travel pump, and the other end is connected to the oil replenishing device.

7. The hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front side of the working pump is connected with a working pump oil suction pipeline, and the rear side is connected with a working pump oil outlet pipeline.

8. The hydrostatic transmission structure for an excavator loader according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oil replenishment device includes an oil replenishment pump, an oil replenishment filter, an oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipeline and an oil replenishment pump oil suction pipeline. The oil replenishment pump is located on the right side of the working pump and is fixed on the end of the working pump away from the travel pump. The oil replenishment pump and the working pump are not connected. The front side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil suction pipeline, the rear side of the oil replenishment pump is connected to the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipeline, and the other end of the oil replenishment pump oil outlet pipeline is directly connected to the travel pump.

9. The hydrostatic transmission structure for use in an excavator loader according to claim 8, characterized in that: The oil replenishment filter is arranged on the oil outlet pipeline of the oil replenishment pump.

10. A method for applying a hydrostatic transmission structure of an excavator loader, characterized in that: The method is based on a hydrostatic transmission structure applied to an excavator loader according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises: Step 1: The engine transfers mechanical energy to the travel pump; Step 2: The travel pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by means of the hydraulic system to generate high-pressure oil; the high-pressure oil generated in the travel pump is transported to the interior of the travel motor through a connecting pipe connected to the travel motor; Step 3: The travel motor converts the hydraulic energy in the high-pressure oil into mechanical energy, and the travel motor transmits the mechanical energy to the transfer case. Step 4: With the help of the transfer case, the mechanical energy can be transmitted to the travel drive device and the front drive axle and the rear drive axle.

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