High-efficiency gas turbine and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a high-efficiency gas turbine which is characterized in that alcohol-water fuel with alcohol and water in a specific ratio of 1: 9-1: 1 is atomized by an atomizer and then is mixed with high-speed flowing air to enter a gas compressor to be compressed, and the compressed mixed gas enters a flow channel through vortex of an air inlet swirler; then the mixed gas enters the combustion cavity through the air outlet swirler, waste heat generated by the combustion cavity can be used for further heating the mixed gas in the runner, the mixed gas is heated and expanded, the water content of the mixed gas is about 10%-50%, the water expansion coefficient is 0.025% / DEG C, the air expansion coefficient is 0.00367% / DEG C, and the water expansion coefficient is higher than that of air; according to the gas turbine, water vapor in mixed gas generates high temperature and high pressure to form dual pressure energy, so that larger expansion driving force is generated, the mixed gas and fuel injected into the second fuel channel are mixed and fully combusted in the combustion cavity, and the efficiency of a traditional gas turbine can be improved by 20%-40%. The invention further discloses a working method of the high-efficiency gas turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a high-efficiency gas turbine and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A gas turbine (GasTurbine), also known as a gas turbine engine, is an internal combustion power machine that uses a continuous flow of gas as a working fluid to drive the impeller to rotate at high speed, converting the energy of the fuel into useful work. It is a rotary impeller type heat engine. As an energy conversion device, in the aviation field, it can convert aviation kerosene into the mechanical energy of the propeller; on the ground, it can convert natural gas, oil, etc. into the mechanical energy of the generator.

[0003] Traditional gas turbines mainly include: compressor (air compressor): absorbs air from the outside, compresses it, and then sends it into the combustion chamber; combustion chamber: fuel (gas or liquid fuel) is mixed with high-temperature compressed air here and burned under constant pressure; gas turbine (turbine or power turbine): a key component that converts thermal energy into mechanical work.

[0004] However, after the compressor of the above-mentioned gas turbine compresses the air, high-pressure air is formed, which then enters the combustion chamber and mixes with the injected fuel and burns to form high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, which then enters the turbine to expand and perform work. The above-mentioned compressor and combustion chamber cooperate, and only rely on the fuel injected into the combustion chamber and the high-pressure gas to burn to form high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, which makes the expansion work efficiency in the turbine slow, resulting in relatively low working efficiency of the gas turbine. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, one of the purposes of the present application is to provide a high-efficiency gas turbine to solve the problem of relatively low working efficiency of traditional gas turbines which only rely on the heating method of fuel injected into the combustion chamber and the combustion of high-pressure gas.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A high-efficiency gas turbine comprises a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine which are interconnected. An atomizer is arranged at the air inlet end of the compressor, the atomizer is connected to a first fuel channel, alcohol-water fuel is contained in the first fuel channel, and the ratio of alcohol to water in the alcohol-water fuel is 1:9 to 1:1. The combustion chamber is provided with a vortex heating frame having a combustion chamber inside, the vortex heating frame is provided with a plurality of inlet vortexers and outlet vortexers, and a cross section of the vortex heating frame has a plurality of flow channels, the inlet vortexers and the outlet vortexers are respectively connected to the two ends of the flow channel, and the outlet vortexer is connected to the combustion chamber, so that the inlet vortexers, the flow channel, the outlet vortex and the combustion chamber are connected, and the combustion chamber is connected with a second fuel channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the ratio of alcohol-water fuel to air in the compressor is 1:5 to 5:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross section of the eddy current heating frame is a U-shaped structure, so that the cross section of the combustion chamber is a V-shaped structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the inclination angles of the inlet vortex finder and the outlet vortex finder are 15-45 degrees.

[0010] Furthermore, an air inlet is provided at the front end of the compressor, and the air inlet is communicated with the atomizer.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial effects: the present invention atomizes alcohol-water fuel having a specific ratio of alcohol to water of 1:9 to 1:1, mixes the atomized fuel with high-speed flowing air and enters the compressor for compression; the compressed mixed gas enters the flow channel through the vortex of the inlet vortex finder, and then enters the combustion chamber through the outlet vortex finder; the waste heat generated by the combustion chamber itself can be used to further heat the mixed gas in the flow channel, so that the mixed gas is heated and expanded; and the moisture content of the mixed gas is about 10%-50%, based on the water expansion coefficient of 0.025% / ℃ and the air expansion coefficient of 0.00367% / ℃, that is, the water expansion coefficient is higher than that of air, so that the water vapor in the mixed gas generates high temperature and high pressure to form double pressure energy, thereby generating a greater expansion driving force; the mixed gas is mixed with the fuel injected from the second fuel channel in the combustion chamber and fully burned; after entering the turbine, the mixed gas expands and performs work to drive the impeller of the compressor to rotate, so that the compressor quickly obtains driving force, which can improve the efficiency of traditional gas turbines by 20% to 40%.

[0012] The second object of the present application is to provide a high-efficiency gas turbine operating method, which is applied to the gas turbine described above and comprises the following steps: 1) Mix the external air and the alcohol-water fuel atomized by the atomizer and then compress them into the compressor to form a high-pressure mixed gas; 2) The mixed gas is compressed from the compressor to the intake vortexer and enters the vortex flow. After being heated by the flow channel, the mixed gas is further heated and pressurized in the flow channel, and then enters the combustion chamber through the outlet vortex flow. The mixed gas and the fuel of the second fuel channel are mixed and fully burned in the combustion chamber to form a mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas; 3) The mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is sent into the turbine to expand and do work, and drives the turbine impeller to rotate at high speed together with the compressor impeller.

[0013] The gas turbine of the present invention has high thermal efficiency and working efficiency, and can reduce operation and use costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only part of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the eddy current heating frame in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the working method of the present invention.

[0016] Explanation of the accompanying figure numbers: 1-compressor, 11-inlet duct, 2-combustion chamber, 3-turbine, 4-atomizer, 5-first fuel channel, 6-vortex heating frame, 61-combustion chamber, 62-flow channel, 7-inlet vortex finder, 8-exhaust vortex finder, 9-second fuel channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0018] Throughout the specification, the term "plurality" refers to more than two (including two). The term "comprising" and the like are used herein to specify the presence of the features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof. Embodiment 1

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency gas turbine includes a compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2 and a turbine 3 that are interconnected. The air inlet end of the compressor 1 is provided with an atomizer 4, and the atomizer 4 is connected to a first fuel channel 5. The first fuel channel 5 contains alcohol-water fuel, and the ratio of alcohol to water in the alcohol-water fuel is: 1:9 to 1:1. The combustion chamber 2 is provided with a vortex heating frame 6 with a combustion chamber 61 inside. The vortex heating frame 6 is provided with a plurality of inlet vortex devices 7 and outlet vortex devices 8, and the cross-section of the vortex heating frame 6 has a plurality of flow channels 62. The inlet vortex devices 7 and the outlet vortex devices 8 are respectively connected to the two ends of the flow channel 62, and the outlet vortex device 8 is connected to the combustion chamber 61, so that the inlet vortex device 7, the flow channel 62, and the outlet vortex 8 are connected to the combustion chamber 61, and the combustion chamber 61 is connected with a second fuel channel 9.

[0020] Through the above scheme, the atomizer 4 is used to atomize the alcohol-water fuel of a specific proportion in the first fuel channel 5. For example, when the mass of the alcohol is 1 kg, the mass of the water is between 1-9 kg, and it is mixed with the air inhaled by the compressor 1 to form a mixed gas, which enters the compressor 1 and is compressed to form a high-pressure gas. In this process, the compressor 1 consumes mechanical energy and converts it into the pressure energy of the air, and the alcohol-water fuel is heated again by the eddy current heating frame 6 to convert the pressure energy into pressure energy. The water content of the mixed gas is about 10%-50%, based on the water expansion coefficient of 0.025% / ℃ and the air expansion coefficient of 0.00367% / ℃, that is, the water expansion coefficient is higher than that of air, thereby providing a larger double pressure energy for the combustion process of the combustion chamber 61 in the eddy current heating frame 6. After being compressed by the compressor 1 After the mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 2, it enters the flow channel 62 through the vortex flow device 7, and then enters the combustion chamber 61 through the outlet vortex flow device 8. The fuel injected through the second fuel channel 9 is fully burned with the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 61. Finally, the high-temperature combustion gas enters the turbine 3 and expands to do work, driving the impeller of the turbine 3 to rotate at high speed with the impeller of the compressor 1, so that the compressor 1 can quickly obtain a higher pressure. The vortex heating frame 6 reheats the mixed gas, and after continuous combustion in the combustion chamber 61, it uses its own waste heat to heat the mixed gas in the flow channel to produce a greater expansion, so that the alcohol-water fuel in the first fuel channel 5, the vortex flow device 7, the flow channel 62 and the outlet vortex flow device 8 cooperate with each other to obtain a greater expansion force, thereby improving the working efficiency of the traditional gas turbine by 20% to 40%.

[0021] It should be noted that: Figure 1 As shown, the atomizer 4 , the first fuel channel 5 , and the second fuel channel 9 of the present application are all provided in plurality, which can ensure the atomization efficiency and content of the alcohol-water fuel and the sufficient combustion efficiency in the combustion chamber 61 .

[0022] Further, the ratio of alcohol-water fuel to air in the compressor 1 is 1:5 to 5:1. Specifically, the ratio of alcohol to water in the alcohol-water fuel used in the present embodiment is 1:9 to 1:1, so that the air and alcohol-water fuel in the compressor 1 are mixed and compressed to form a mixed gas, and the ratio of alcohol-water to air in the mixed gas is 1:5 to 5:1, that is, the more sufficient the ratio of alcohol-water fuel to air, the faster and stronger the combustion in the vortex heating frame 6, and the greater the expansion force that can be obtained, thereby improving the working efficiency of the gas turbine.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, the cross section of the eddy current heating frame 6 is a U-shaped structure, so that the cross section of the fuel cavity 61 is a V-shaped structure.

[0024] Specifically, the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a vortex heating frame 6, and the mixed gas enters the flow channel 62 through the intake vortex finder 7, and then enters the combustion chamber 61 after passing through the exhaust vortex finder 8. At this time, the vortex heating frame 6 forms a U-shaped structure with an inner circle and an outer circle. The flow channel 62 is arranged on the side wall between the inner circle and the outer circle, and there are 2-6 flow channels. One flow channel 62 includes an intake channel and an outlet channel that are connected, and the intake channel and the outlet channel are bent, that is, the cross-section of the flow channel 62 can form 4-12 cavities, and the flow channel 62 forms a U-shaped channel along the side wall of the vortex heating frame 6. The intake vortex finder 7 and the outlet vortex finder 8 are connected with the flow channel 62 to form a complete channel. The flow channel 62 is relatively long to ensure that the mixed gas is reheated in the flow channel. The intake channel is connected with the intake vortex finder 7, the outlet channel is connected with the outlet vortex finder 8, and the outlet vortex finder 8 is connected with the combustion chamber 61. Therefore, the mixed gas in the flow channel 62 can be further heated by the waste heat of the combustion chamber 61 in the vortex heating frame 6 to obtain a mixed gas with higher expansion force, thereby improving the thermal expansion efficiency of the combustion in the combustion chamber 61, thereby improving the work efficiency of the turbine 3.

[0025] Furthermore, the inclination angles of the inlet vortex finder 7 and the outlet vortex finder 8 are 15-45 degrees, with the preferred inclination angle being 45 degrees. The inlet vortex finder 7 and the outlet vortex finder 8 are respectively arranged on the outer wall and inner wall of the vortex heating frame 6, which can better heat the mixed gas and effectively prevent the pressure reflux of the combustion chamber 61.

[0026] Furthermore, an air inlet 11 is provided at the front end of the compressor 1, and the air inlet 11 is connected to the atomizer 4. The air inlet 11 is used for the compressor 1 to inhale a large amount of air. The atomizer 4 atomizes the alcohol-water fuel and initially and quickly mixes it with the high-speed flowing air in the pipeline before entering the compressor 1, and then further mixing and compressing it, which can drive the rapid entry of the alcohol-water fuel and improve the mixing efficiency, thereby improving the working efficiency of the gas turbine. Embodiment 2

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency gas turbine operating method is applied to the gas turbine described above, comprising the following steps: 1) First, external air is sucked into the compressor 1 through the air inlet 11, and the alcohol-water fuel in the first fuel channel 5 is atomized by the atomizer 4. The ratio of alcohol to water in the alcohol-water fuel is 1:9 to 1:1. The atomizer 4 is connected to the air inlet channel of the compressor 1, so that the atomized alcohol-water fuel and the high-speed flowing air are initially and quickly mixed, and then enter the compressor 1 for mixing and compression to form a high-pressure mixed gas; 2) Then, the mixed gas is compressed from the compressor 1 to the inlet vortex finder 7 and vortexes into the flow channel 62, and then flows through the flow channel 62 through the outlet vortex finder 8 and enters the combustion chamber 61. The residual heat of the combustion chamber 61 can be used to further heat and pressurize the mixed gas in the flow channel 62, so that the mixed gas has a higher thermal expansion and generates a greater pressure. The combustion chamber 61 can continue to generate residual heat as the combustion continues to heat the mixed gas. The fuel of the second fuel channel 9 is sprayed into the combustion chamber 61 and mixed with the mixed gas, so that the alcohol-water fuel, air, and the fuel of the second fuel channel 9 are fully burned in the combustion chamber 61 to form a mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas; 3) Finally, the mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas enters the turbine 3 from the outlet of the combustion chamber 61 to expand and perform work, and drives the impeller of the turbine 3 to rotate at high speed together with the impeller of the compressor 1.

[0028] Through the above working method, the gas turbine of the present invention helps to optimize the energy structure through the alcohol-water fuel of multiple first fuel channels 5 and the fuel of multiple second fuel channels 9. The working capacity of the high-temperature combustion gas formed by the mixture of multiple fuels after heating is significantly improved. The eddy current heating frame 6 and the combustion chamber 62 cooperate with each other to further heat the mixed gas using waste heat, which effectively improves the thermal efficiency and work efficiency, and can also reduce the operation and use costs.

[0029] The water content in the mixed gas is about 10%-50%. Based on the fact that the water expansion coefficient is 0.025% / ℃ and the air expansion coefficient is 0.00367% / ℃, that is, the water expansion coefficient is higher than that of air, the compressor 1 consumes the same mechanical energy, so that the dual pressure energy in the mixed gas of alcohol-water fuel and air is greater than the air pressure energy under the same conditions, which can provide stronger dual pressure energy for the subsequent combustion process. At the same time, after the combustion chamber 61 in the eddy current heating frame 6 burns, the residual heat of the combustion chamber 61 is used to further heat and expand the mixed gas in the flow channel 62, thereby generating a greater expansion force. Finally, the alcohol-water fuel can be mixed with the fuel of the second fuel channel 9 and fully burned. Compared with the prior art that only relies on air compression, the efficiency is significantly improved; the fuel injected into the second fuel channel 8 can be a gas fuel such as natural gas, or a liquid fuel such as diesel.

[0030] The alcohol part in the alcohol-water fuel, such as methanol, ethanol, etc., mainly produces water when the alcohol fuel is completely burned. Therefore, the alcohol-water fuel of the present application enters the eddy current heating frame 6 according to the above-mentioned specific ratio and is fully burned, which can avoid the discharge of gases harmful to the human body.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only an implementation method of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency gas turbine, comprising a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected to each other, characterized in that: The air inlet end of the compressor is provided with an atomizer, and the atomizer is connected to a first fuel channel. There is alcohol-water fuel in the first fuel channel. The ratio of alcohol to water in the alcohol-water fuel is 1:9 to 1:

1. The combustion chamber is provided with a vortex heating frame with a combustion chamber inside. The vortex heating frame is provided with a plurality of inlet vortex devices and outlet vortex devices, and the cross-section of the vortex heating frame has a plurality of flow channels. The inlet vortex devices and the outlet vortex devices are respectively connected to the two ends of the flow channels, and the outlet vortex device is connected to the combustion chamber so that the inlet vortex devices, the flow channels, and the outlet vortex are connected to the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is connected with a second fuel channel.

2. A high efficiency gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the alcohol-water fuel to air in the compressor is 1:5 to 5:

1.

3. A high efficiency gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the eddy current heating frame is a U-shaped structure, so that the cross section of the combustion chamber is a V-shaped structure.

4. A high efficiency gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angles of the inlet vortex finder and the outlet vortex finder are 15-45 degrees.

5. A high efficiency gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air inlet is arranged at the front end of the compressor, and the air inlet is communicated with the atomizer.

6. A method for operating a high-efficiency gas turbine, applied to a gas turbine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Mix the external air and the alcohol-water fuel atomized by the atomizer and then compress them into the compressor to form a high-pressure mixed gas; 2) The mixed gas is compressed from the compressor to the intake vortexer and enters the vortex flow. After being heated by the flow channel, the mixed gas is further heated and pressurized in the flow channel, and then enters the combustion chamber through the outlet vortex flow. The mixed gas and the fuel of the second fuel channel are mixed and fully burned in the combustion chamber to form a mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas; 3) The mixed high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is sent into the turbine to expand and do work, and drives the turbine impeller to rotate at high speed together with the compressor impeller.

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