Preparation methods of one-dimensional monatomic chain array, monatomic array, single photon source and near-field coupled antenna, and implementation method of quantum information storage

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a one-dimensional monatomic chain array, and the method comprises the steps: cooling a part of target atoms released by an atom source through a magneto-optical trap, and trapping the target atoms in the magneto-optical trap, so as to form a cold atomic group; modulating the initial optical tweezer light beam output by the light beam generation assembly by using a modulation assembly so as to output a first optical tweezer light beam array; adjusting the position and the optical power of the first optical tweezer beam array so as to enable the center of the first optical tweezer beam array to be consistent with the center of the cold atomic group, thereby obtaining a monatomic array; and a second optical tweezer beam array is output by using the optical path adjusting assembly, and the first optical tweezer beam array and the second optical tweezer beam array form a standing wave type optical tweezer array, so that the monatomic array is converted into a one-dimensional monatomic chain array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the field of optics and quantum information technology, and more specifically to a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array, a single atom array, a single photon source, a near-field coupling antenna, and a method for implementing quantum information storage. Background Art

[0002] Neutral atom arrays are an important research direction in modern quantum physics, and Rydberg atom arrays have been a hot topic in recent years. Rydberg atoms are neutral atoms that are excited to a high-energy state, and the interaction between them is very strong and controllable. Since the introduction of Rydberg atoms greatly enhances the interaction ability between single atoms in neutral atom arrays, it is possible to use the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms in neutral atom arrays to realize and manipulate quantum bits. Many breakthrough advances have made neutral atom arrays widely concerned in the fields of quantum networks, quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum precision measurement.

[0003] In quantum information systems based on neutral atoms, a beam of light is usually focused to a spot with a radius of about 1 μm using an objective lens with a long working distance and a large numerical aperture. If the frequency of this beam of light is slightly lower than the transition frequency of the atom (that is, the frequency is red detuned), then this extremely small spot of light can form a dipole trap for the atom, which is commonly known as optical tweezers. This dipole trap can be used to capture atoms. When the radius of the dipole trap is less than 4 μm, the dipole trap can only capture 0 or 1 atom. When more atoms are captured, the atoms in the trap will collide with each other and then escape from the trap together. If, on this basis, a spatial light modulator or an acousto-optic deflector is used to split the light beam into multiple parts and then focus it, a dipole trap array composed of multiple dipole traps can be realized, and a single atom array can be captured. However, since the process of capturing atoms by a dipole trap is random, the probability of each dipole trap capturing 1 atom is approximately = about 50%, and it is impossible to capture a single atom with certainty. The probability that each dipole trap in the dipole trap array captures a single atom and thus obtains a defect-free single atom array is , is the number of dipole wells. =10, the probability of obtaining a defect-free single-atom array is very low.

[0004] Therefore, it is difficult to directly prepare one-dimensional single atom chain arrays and defect-free single atom arrays in related technologies, and it is impossible to capture single atoms with certainty. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array, which can prepare a one-dimensional single atom chain array, and the one-dimensional single atom chain array can be prepared into a defect-free single atom array without rearrangement.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array is provided, comprising:

[0007] Using a magneto-optical trap to cool part of the target atoms released from the atom source and trap them in the magneto-optical trap to form a cold atom cluster;

[0008] Using a modulation component to modulate an initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component to output a first optical tweezers beam array;

[0009] Adjusting the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array so that the center of the first optical tweezers beam array is consistent with the center of the cold atomic group, thereby obtaining a single atom array;

[0010] The optical path adjustment component is used to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned light beam generating assembly includes:

[0012] a laser, suitable for generating an initial laser beam; and

[0013] The first objective lens is adapted to focus the initial laser beam and output the initial optical tweezers beam.

[0014] Wherein, the frequency of the initial laser beam is less than the transition frequency of the target atom.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the modulation component includes:

[0016] A first half-wave plate, adapted to change the polarization state of the initial optical tweezers beam;

[0017] A spatial light modulator, adapted to modulate the initial optical tweezers beam under the control of an externally input modulation signal to output a parallel light beam;

[0018] A lens assembly, adapted to focus the parallel light beams to form a converging light beam; and

[0019] The second objective lens is used to focus the convergent light beam to output the first optical tweezers beam array.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by adjusting the modulation signal emitted by the above-mentioned modulation component, the angle of the above-mentioned first optical tweezers beam array output by the above-mentioned modulation component is modulated, thereby changing the spatial position of each standing wave optical tweezers in the above-mentioned standing wave optical tweezers array, and changing the spatial distribution of each one-dimensional single atom chain in the above-mentioned one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of single atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array is changed by adjusting the power of the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the length and thickness of the one-dimensional single atom chain array are changed by adjusting the numerical apertures of the first objective lens and the second objective lens.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a single atom array is provided, comprising:

[0024] Using a Rydberg excitation beam, one atom in each single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the one-dimensional single atom chain array preparation method is excited to a Rydberg state;

[0025] Using a resonant light beam, multiple atoms in the one-dimensional single-atom chain array that are in a non-Rydberg state are ejected from the standing wave trap formed by the standing wave optical tweezers array to prepare a single-atom array;

[0026] The above-mentioned resonant light beam is a laser beam that resonates when the target atom transitions from a ground state to an intermediate state.

[0027] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a single photon source is provided, comprising:

[0028] The fluorescence emitted by the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the one-dimensional single atom chain array preparation method is collected by using an optical fiber or a waveguide to form a single photon source array.

[0029] Wherein, each one-dimensional single-atom chain in the one-dimensional single-atom chain array is a single-photon source.

[0030] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a near-field coupling antenna is provided, comprising:

[0031] The single-photon source obtained by the above-mentioned single-photon source preparation method outputs a single-atom array optical tweezers beam;

[0032] Combining the above-mentioned single-atom array optical tweezers beam with the standing wave optical tweezers array in the above-mentioned method for preparing the one-dimensional single-atom chain array;

[0033] Adjusting the position and spacing of the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array so that the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array are staggered, and each single atom in the single atom array is within the Rydberg radius of the superatom formed by each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array;

[0034] The superatom formed by each of the one-dimensional single-atom chains interacts with a plurality of single atoms in the single-atom array in a one-to-one correspondence to read out the information of the quantum bits in the single-atom array.

[0035] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for implementing quantum information storage is provided, comprising:

[0036] Using a Rydberg excitation beam to excite the one-dimensional single-atom chain array obtained by the above-mentioned one-dimensional single-atom chain array preparation method into a superatom;

[0037] Selecting a target atomic energy level in the superatom to form an inverted pyramid-type three-level energy structure;

[0038] Using a controlled laser beam that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state, the superatom is made transparent to a probe beam that is nearly resonant with another transition frequency between the ground state and the excited state, thereby generating an electromagnetic induction effect;

[0039] The electromagnetic induction effect is used to transfer the quantum information carried by the incident light pulse output by the laser to the long-lived coherent state of the superatom to realize quantum information storage.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a portion of target atoms released from an atomic source are cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap by utilizing a magneto-optical trap to form a cold atom cluster; then, a modulation component is utilized to modulate the initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component to output a first optical tweezers beam array; then, the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array are adjusted to keep the center of the first optical tweezers beam array consistent with the center of the cold atom cluster, thereby obtaining a single atom array; finally, an optical path adjustment component is utilized to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array, and a one-dimensional single atom chain array is successfully prepared, and a defect-free single atom array can be prepared without rearranging the one-dimensional single atom chain array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0042] Figure 1A flow chart schematically shows a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of forming standing wave atomic optical tweezers in a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0044] Figure 3 The working principle diagram of the preparation device of the one-dimensional single atom chain array according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0045] Figure 4 A flow chart schematically shows a method for preparing a single atom array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 5 A simple flow chart of a method for preparing a single atom array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0047] Figure 6 The working principle diagram of the single photon source preparation device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0048] Figure 7 A flowchart schematically shows a method for preparing a near-field coupling antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the working principle of a device for preparing a near-field coupling antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0050] Fig. 9 The flowchart of the method for implementing quantum information storage according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0051] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0052] 1- Initial optical tweezers beam;

[0053] 2-Standing wave atomic optical tweezers;

[0054] 201-potential well depth of standing wave dipole well;

[0055] 3- First objective lens;

[0056] 4- first half-wave plate;

[0057] 5-Spatial light modulator;

[0058] 6- first reflector;

[0059] 7- Lens group;

[0060] 701- first lens;

[0061] 702- second lens;

[0062] 703 - second reflector;

[0063] 704- third reflector;

[0064] 705-third lens;

[0065] 706- fourth lens;

[0066] 8- Second objective lens;

[0067] 9- third objective lens;

[0068] 10-One-dimensional single atom chain array;

[0069] 11- dichroic mirror;

[0070] 12- fifth lens;

[0071] 13- Optical fiber array;

[0072] 14- fourth objective lens;

[0073] 15- second half-wave plate;

[0074] 16-Acousto-optic deflector;

[0075] 17- beam splitter;

[0076] 18-Alternating one-dimensional chains of single atoms and one-dimensional single atoms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0078] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0079] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0080] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0081] The related art cannot prepare a one-dimensional single-atom chain array, and cannot deterministically capture a single atom.

[0082] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array, by using a magneto-optical trap to cool some target atoms released by an atomic source and trap them in the magneto-optical trap to form a cold atom cluster; then, a modulation component is used to modulate the initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component to output a first optical tweezers beam array; then, the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array are adjusted to keep the center of the first optical tweezers beam array consistent with the center of the cold atom cluster, thereby obtaining a single atom array; finally, an optical path adjustment component is used to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array, thereby realizing the preparation of a one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0083] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0084] According to the first aspect of the present disclosure, Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing the one-dimensional single atom chain array includes operations S101 to S104.

[0085] In operation S101 , a portion of target atoms released from an atom source is cooled and trapped in the magneto-optical trap by using a magneto-optical trap to form cold atomic clusters.

[0086] In operation S102, an initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component is modulated by a modulation component to output a first optical tweezers beam array.

[0087] In operation S103, the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array are adjusted so that the center of the first optical tweezers beam array is consistent with the center of the cold atomic cluster, thereby obtaining a single atom array.

[0088] In operation S104, the optical path adjustment component is used to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a portion of target atoms released from an atomic source are cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap by utilizing a magneto-optical trap to form a cold atomic cluster; then, a modulation component is used to modulate the initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component to output a first optical tweezers beam array; then, the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array are adjusted to keep the center of the first optical tweezers beam array consistent with the center of the cold atomic cluster, thereby obtaining a single atom array; finally, an optical path adjustment component is used to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array, and a one-dimensional single atom chain array is successfully prepared.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a sealed vacuum system is constructed using vacuum components, and the vacuum system includes a full glass vacuum chamber or a metal vacuum chamber composed of multi-faceted glass windows, and an ion pump for maintaining the vacuum degree of the vacuum system. The vacuum system also includes an atomic source, such as a rubidium atom dispenser, and then a dry pump, a molecular pump, and an ion pump are used in sequence to raise the vacuum degree in the vacuum system to 10 -9 torr, and then turn on the atom source to allow the target atoms to exist in the vacuum chamber.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in operation S101, the specific steps of using a magneto-optical trap to cool and trap part of the target atoms released by the atomic source in the magneto-optical trap to form a cold atom cluster include: constructing an optical path structure in which multiple beams of red detuned near-resonance light that are not completely in a plane intersect at an intersection point (i.e., a point in space), such as the most common three pairs of mutually orthogonal light beams propagating in opposite directions. Then, the center of a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils is adjusted to the intersection point of these red detuned light beams, so that the center of the magnetic field and the center of the light field coincide to construct a magneto-optical trap, which can cool and trap part of the target atoms released by the rubidium atom releaser in the vacuum cavity in the center of the light field and the magnetic field to form a cold atom cluster.

[0092] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, red detuned beams refer to beams whose frequencies are less than the transition frequencies of atoms.

[0093] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the position and optical power of the second optical tweezers beam array are adjusted so that the center of the second optical tweezers beam array is consistent with the center of the cold atom cluster. The first optical tweezers beam array, the second optical tweezers beam array and the cold atom cluster are adjusted to overlap, and the power of the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array is increased, so that each optical tweezers beam in the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array has a probability of about 50% to grab a single atom from the cold atom cluster, thereby forming a single atom array. The second optical tweezers beam array interferes with the first optical tweezers beam array to form a standing wave dipole trap, and the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array by using the standing wave dipole trap, thereby successfully obtaining a one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0094] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a one-dimensional single atom chain array can be prepared into a defect-free single atom array without rearrangement, and the one-dimensional single atom chain array also has the ability to become an excellent single photon source, a near-field coupling antenna, and can serve as a new type of quantum information storage carrier.

[0095] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the formation of standing wave atomic optical tweezers in the method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0096] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, an objective lens with a long working distance and a large numerical aperture is used to focus the initial laser beam output by the laser to an initial optical tweezers beam 1 with a radius of about 1 μm. The two initial optical tweezers beams 1 are transmitted toward each other through the first objective lens 3 and the second objective lens 8 respectively. The frequencies of the two initial optical tweezers beams 1 are far-infrared detuned relative to the atomic transition frequency. The relative positions of the two initial optical tweezers beams 1 are adjusted to make their respective focusing centers coincide, so that the two initial optical tweezers beams 1 interfere at the focusing center to form a standing wave dipole well. Figure 2 Also shown is the potential well depth 201 of the standing wave dipole well, which refers to the energy difference from the bottom to the top of the standing wave dipole well. Since the initial optical tweezers beam is red-detuned, each light intensity maximum generated by constructive interference in this standing wave dipole well can be regarded as a dipole well that can capture a single atom. Therefore, after the two initial optical tweezers beams 1 interfere, a standing wave dipole well, namely, a standing wave atomic optical tweezers 2, is formed. The multiple light intensity maxima generated by interference enable each standing wave dipole well to capture a one-dimensional single atom chain. On this basis, a spectroscopic element such as a spatial light modulator is used to expand the initial optical tweezers beam 1 to the structure of a standing wave optical tweezers array.

[0097] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the power of the two initial optical tweezers light beams 1 reaches above a certain threshold, the standing wave atomic optical tweezers can capture atoms with a probability of 100%.

[0098] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the threshold value of the power of the two initial optical tweezers light beams 1 is 10 mw.

[0099] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by adjusting the power of the two initial optical tweezers light beams 1, the number of single atoms in each one-dimensional single atom chain can be changed.

[0100] Figure 3 The working principle diagram of the preparation device of the one-dimensional single atom chain array according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0101] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam generating assembly includes a laser and a first objective lens 3. The laser is suitable for generating an initial laser beam; the first objective lens 3 is suitable for focusing the initial laser beam and outputting an initial optical tweezers beam 1, wherein the frequency of the initial laser beam is less than the transition frequency of the target atom.

[0102] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by using a laser to generate an initial laser beam, and using the first objective lens 3 to focus the initial laser beam to output an initial optical tweezers beam 1, and the frequency of the initial laser beam is less than the transition frequency of the target atom, the initial optical tweezers beam 1 can form a dipole trap for the target atom, thereby capturing the target atom.

[0103] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 As shown, the modulation component includes a first half-wave plate 4, a spatial light modulator 5, a lens group 7 and a second objective lens 8. The first half-wave plate 4 is suitable for changing the polarization state of the initial optical tweezers beam 1; the spatial light modulator 5 is suitable for modulating the initial optical tweezers beam 1 under the control of an externally input modulation signal to output a parallel beam; the lens group 7 is suitable for focusing the parallel beam to form a converging beam; the second objective lens 8 is suitable for focusing the converging beam to output a first optical tweezers beam array.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 As shown, the modulation component also includes a first reflector 6 , which is suitable for reflecting the initial optical tweezers light beam modulated by the spatial light modulator 5 to the lens group 7 .

[0105] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a spatial light modulator 5 is used to divide an initial optical tweezers beam 1 into multiple parallel beams that are emitted at a certain angle to each other, and the number of parallel beams can be arbitrarily changed according to experimental requirements. Then, a lens group 7 is used to adjust the parallel beams into convergent parallel beams that are incident on a second objective lens 8 with a large numerical aperture and a long working distance, and the second objective lens 8 focuses the parallel beams into a first optical tweezers beam array.

[0106] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical path adjustment component includes a first half-wave plate 4, a spatial light modulator 5, a first reflector 6, a lens group 7 and a third objective lens 9. The optical path adjustment component modulates the initial optical tweezers beam 1 to output a second optical tweezers beam array, so that the second optical tweezers beam array and the first optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, and the standing wave optical tweezers array can realize the preparation of a one-dimensional single atom chain array. The first optical tweezers beam array modulated and output by the modulation component and the second optical tweezers beam array modulated and output by the optical path adjustment component are adjusted to coincide, so that the light field at each optical tweezer in the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array generates multiple light intensity maxima in the light propagation direction due to interference, and a standing wave optical tweezer is constructed. Each light intensity maximum in the standing wave optical tweezers can be regarded as a secondary optical tweezers, and each can grab a single atom. Therefore, each standing wave optical tweezers can grab an atomic chain. Through this step, the non-deterministically loaded single atom array can be converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array. The number of single-atom chains in the array can be changed by adjusting the spatial light modulator, and the number of atoms in each single-atom chain can be changed by changing the power of the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array.

[0107] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical path adjustment component includes an objective lens and a reflector. The objective lens is used to re-collimate the first optical tweezers beam array and then the reflector is used to reflect the first optical tweezers beam array along the original path, so that standing wave optical tweezers can also be constructed.

[0108] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical path adjustment component includes a dichroic mirror and a reflector. The dichroic mirror is designed for 0-degree incident light. The dichroic mirror can be designed to reflect light of the wavelength of the optical tweezers beam and to transmit light of the atomic fluorescence wavelength. The first optical tweezers beam array is reflected along the original path by the dichroic mirror to form a third optical tweezers beam array, so that the first optical tweezers beam array and the third optical tweezers beam array interfere with each other, thereby forming a standing wave optical tweezers. And the fluorescent photons emitted by the atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array can be detected by an electron multiplying photocoupler device (EMCCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) through the dichroic mirror.

[0109] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by adjusting the modulation signal emitted by the modulation component, the angle of the first optical tweezers beam array output by the modulation component is modulated, thereby changing the spatial position of each standing wave optical tweezers in the standing wave optical tweezers array, and changing the spatial distribution of each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array 10.

[0110] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, by adjusting the modulation signal output by the spatial light modulator 5, the angle of the parallel light beam output by the spatial light modulator 5 is modulated, thereby changing the spatial position of each standing wave optical tweezer in the standing wave optical tweezer array, and changing the spatial distribution of each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array 10.

[0111] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the spatial distribution of the plurality of one-dimensional single atom chain arrays 10 includes one-dimensional spatial distribution, two-dimensional spatial distribution and three-dimensional spatial distribution.

[0112] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the array constructed by the above-mentioned static standing wave dipole trap can be generated by using optical elements such as spatial light modulators, acousto-optic deflectors, and acousto-optic modulators, thereby obtaining a static standing wave single atom chain array. The spatial distribution of this one-dimensional single atom chain array can be a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or even 3-dimensional configuration, which can be adjusted according to the use requirements.

[0113] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by synchronously adjusting the parameters of optical elements such as spatial light modulators, acousto-optic deflectors, and acousto-optic modulators incident in two directions, one-dimensional or two-dimensional movement of the standing wave dipole trap can be achieved, and the relative position of each single atom chain in the standing wave single atom chain array can be adjusted.

[0114] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, an optical switch is provided near the standing wave dipole trap, and dynamic switching from the standing wave trap to the traveling wave trap can be achieved by controlling the optical switch of the standing wave dipole trap.

[0115] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of single atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array 10 is changed by adjusting the power of the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array.

[0116] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the length and thickness of the one-dimensional single atom chain array 10 are changed by adjusting the numerical apertures of the first objective lens 3 and the second objective lens 8 .

[0117] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the length and thickness of each single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array 10 can be changed by adjusting the numerical aperture of the second objective lens 8. By utilizing this feature, the scale of the single atom chain can be controlled within the Rydberg atom blocking radius, so each single atom chain can be regarded as a Rydberg superatom.

[0118] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, superatoms formed by one-dimensional single-atom chains can be used for entanglement with other material bits, and for storage of entangled states.

[0119] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for preparing a single atom array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0120] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, a method for preparing a single atom array is provided, including operations S201~S202.

[0121] In operation S201 , a Rydberg excitation beam is used to excite one atom in each single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the one-dimensional single atom chain array preparation method to a Rydberg state.

[0122] In operation S202, a plurality of atoms in a non-Rydberg state in a one-dimensional single-atom chain array are ejected from a standing wave well formed by a standing wave optical tweezers array by using a resonant light beam, so as to prepare a single-atom array.

[0123] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the resonant light beam is a laser beam that generates resonance when a target atom transitions from a ground state to an intermediate state.

[0124] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single atom array is successfully prepared by using a Rydberg excitation beam to excite one atom in each single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method of the one-dimensional single atom chain array to a Rydberg state, and then using a resonant beam to expel multiple atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array that are in a non-Rydberg state from the standing wave well formed by the standing wave optical tweezers array.

[0125] Figure 5 A simple flow chart of a method for preparing a single atom array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0126] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 5 As shown in the figure, after multiple atoms are captured by a one-dimensional single-atom chain array, a Rydberg excitation beam is used to excite one of the multiple atoms to the Rydberg state. Due to the existence of the Rydberg blockade effect, only one atom will be excited to the Rydberg state within the Rydberg radius. Then, a resonant beam that resonates with the transition from the ground state to the intermediate state of the atom can be used to heat the non-Rydberg state atoms and expel them from the potential well, thereby achieving the deterministic preparation of single atoms in the standing wave trap; then, one of the beams of the standing wave dipole trap, that is, the first optical tweezers beam array or the second optical tweezers beam array, is turned off. After one of the beams of the standing wave dipole trap is turned off, the standing wave dipole trap is switched to a traveling wave trap, and the preparation of the single atom array in the traveling wave trap array can be completed.

[0127] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the efficiency of the Rydberg excitation process is M times that of a single atom, where M is the number of captured atoms, that is, the number of atoms in a single atom chain, and therefore each single atom chain can be regarded as a Rydberg superatom.

[0128] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a one-dimensional single atom chain array is suitable for developing high-performance optical sensors. The single atom chain can be used as a super atom, and due to the optical collective effect of the super atom, it shows extremely high sensitivity to environmental changes (such as temperature, magnetic field, etc.), and can be used to develop high-performance optical sensors.

[0129] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the distance between two adjacent single atoms in a one-dimensional single-atom chain is an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the optical tweezers beam (the first optical tweezers beam). A one-dimensional single-atom chain with this characteristic has a special collective effect: the emission direction of the total spontaneously radiated fluorescent photons of these atoms arranged in a row is not completely random, and a considerable portion of the fluorescent photons are emitted in the direction of the one-dimensional single-atom chain. The intensity of this directional radiation fluorescence signal is much higher than the intensity of the fluorescence signal emitted by multiple unrelated single atoms, and can be made into a high-intensity single-photon source. And due to the homogeneity of the single atoms, the single photons emitted by the single-photon source also have very excellent homogeneity.

[0130] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a single-photon source is provided, comprising using an optical fiber or a waveguide to collect fluorescence emitted by a one-dimensional single-atom chain array obtained by the above-mentioned method for preparing the one-dimensional single-atom chain array to form a single-photon source array.

[0131] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array is a single photon source.

[0132] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by using optical fiber or waveguide to collect the fluorescence emitted by the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the above-mentioned one-dimensional single atom chain array preparation method, a single photon source array can be formed, and the intensity of the single photon source is relatively high.

[0133] Figure 6 The working principle diagram of the single photon source preparation device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0134] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6As shown, the single photon source preparation device includes: a first objective lens 3, a first half-wave plate 4, a spatial light modulator 5, a first reflector 6, a lens group 7, a second objective lens 8, a third objective lens 9, a dichroic mirror 11, a fifth lens 12 and an optical fiber array 13. After the initial optical tweezers beam 1 passes through the first objective lens 3, the first half-wave plate 4, the spatial light modulator 5, the first reflector 6, the lens group 7 and the second objective lens 8, a first optical tweezers beam array is formed. On the basis of obtaining the one-dimensional single atom chain array by using the above-mentioned preparation method of the one-dimensional single atom chain array, a fourth lens 706, a third lens 705, a third reflector 704, a dichroic mirror 11, a fifth lens 12 and an optical fiber array 13 are arranged in the optical path structure where the third objective lens 9 is located, and the fluorescence emitted by the one-dimensional single atom chain is collected into the optical fiber array 13, thereby forming a single photon source array, and each optical fiber in the optical fiber array 13 is a single photon source, corresponding to each chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0135] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical fiber array 13 may be replaced by a waveguide array.

[0136] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the position of the optical fiber or waveguide array is adjusted so that the fluorescence emitted by the single atom chain can be coupled into the optical fiber array 13 or the waveguide array. After completing this step, the optical fiber array or the waveguide array can collect the fluorescence of the atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array to form a high-intensity single photon source.

[0137] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, directional radiation of a one-dimensional single-atom chain obtained by a standing-wave dipole trap can form a single-photon source, and directional radiation of an array composed of standing-wave single-atom chains can also form a single-photon source array.

[0138] Figure 7 The flowchart of the method for preparing the near-field coupling antenna according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0139] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, Figure 7 As shown, a method for preparing a near-field coupling antenna is provided, including operations S301 to S304.

[0140] In operation S301, a single-photon source obtained by the above-mentioned single-photon source preparation method is used to output a single-atom array optical tweezers beam.

[0141] In operation S302, the single-atom array optical tweezers beam is combined with the standing wave optical tweezers array in the method for preparing the one-dimensional single-atom chain array.

[0142] In operation S303, the position and spacing of the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array are adjusted so that the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array are staggered, and each single atom in the single atom array is within the Rydberg radius of the superatom formed by each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array.

[0143] In operation S304, the superatom formed by each one-dimensional single-atom chain interacts with a plurality of single atoms in the single-atom array in a one-to-one correspondence to read out the information of the quantum bits in the single-atom array.

[0144] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single-photon source obtained by the above-mentioned single-photon source preparation method outputs a single-atom array optical tweezers beam; the single-atom array optical tweezers beam is combined with the standing wave optical tweezers array in the above-mentioned one-dimensional single-atom chain array preparation method; the position and spacing of the single-atom array and the one-dimensional single-atom chain array are adjusted so that the single-atom array and the one-dimensional single-atom chain array are staggered and each single atom in the single-atom array is within the Rydberg radius of the superatom formed by each one-dimensional single-atom chain in the one-dimensional single-atom chain array; the superatom formed by each one-dimensional single-atom chain interacts with multiple single atoms in the single-atom array in a one-to-one correspondence, thereby auxiliary reading out the quantum bit information of the single atoms in the single-atom array; the photons emitted by the one-dimensional single-atom chain are detected to obtain the information of the one-dimensional single-atom chain as an auxiliary quantum bit, thereby indirectly obtaining the quantum bit information of the single atoms in the single-atom array.

[0145] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a near-field coupling antenna may be used to couple a single atom chain with other material bits (eg, atoms, ions, quantum dots, quasi-atoms) to read out the state of the quantum bit.

[0146] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a one-dimensional single atom chain is composed of atoms, which can interact with any substance that can interact with atoms, such as a super atom as an auxiliary quantum bit. When a super atom composed of a one-dimensional single atom chain interacts with a quantum bit atom, the interaction intensity and the detectable fluorescence intensity are stronger than those of a single atom. If a one-dimensional single atom chain is used as an auxiliary bit to read out the state of the quantum bit, the state readout efficiency of the quantum system can be improved. This advantage allows the one-dimensional single atom chain to be used as an efficient near-field coupling antenna.

[0147] Figure 8 The working principle diagram of the device for preparing the near-field coupling antenna according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0148] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 8As shown, the preparation device of the near-field coupling antenna includes a first objective lens 3, a first half-wave plate 4, a spatial light modulator 5, a first reflector 6, a lens group 7, a second objective lens 8, a third objective lens 9, a dichroic mirror 11, a fifth lens 12, an optical fiber array 13, a fourth objective lens 14, a second half-wave plate 15, an acousto-optic deflector 16, and a beam splitter 17. The optical path structure of the preparation device of the near-field coupling antenna is based on the optical path structure of the single-photon source preparation device, and the fourth objective lens 14, the second half-wave plate 15, the acousto-optic deflector 16, and the beam splitter 17 are added to construct the experimental optical path of the single-atom array, so that the single-atom array optical tweezers beam and the atomic chain optical tweezers beam are combined. After the single-atom array optical tweezers beam and the atomic chain array optical tweezers beam are combined, the array position and interval formed by the two optical tweezers beams are adjusted so that the single-atom array and the atomic chain array are staggered, and each single atom in the single-atom array is within the Rydberg radius of the super atom formed by the atomic chain. Each Rydberg superatom formed by a single-atom chain can act as an auxiliary bit and interact one-to-one with the single atoms in the single-atom array as quantum bits. After the interaction, the single-atom chain can radiate photons containing quantum bit information in a high-intensity and directional manner. The information in these photons can be read to obtain the state of the quantum bit.

[0149] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the experimental optical path constructed including the fourth objective lens 14, the second half-wave plate 15, the acousto-optic deflector 16 and the beam splitter 17 also includes a spatial light modulator, an acousto-optic deflector, and a spatial light modulator, and is assisted by an acousto-optic deflector to control the position of each optical tweezers in the single-atom array to complete the rearrangement of the defect-free single-atom array.

[0150] Fig. 9 The flowchart of the method for implementing quantum information storage according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0151] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, Fig. 9 As shown, a method for implementing quantum information storage is provided, including operations S401 to S404.

[0152] In operation S401, a Rydberg excitation beam is used to excite the one-dimensional single-atom chain array obtained by the above-mentioned one-dimensional single-atom chain array preparation method into a superatom.

[0153] In operation S402 , a target atomic energy level is selected in a superatom to form an inverted pyramid type three-level structure.

[0154] In operation S403, a control laser beam that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state is used to make the superatom transparent to a probe beam that is nearly resonant with another transition frequency between the ground state and the excited state, thereby generating an electromagnetic induction effect.

[0155] In operation S404, quantum information carried by an incident light pulse output by a laser is transferred to a long-lived coherent state of a meta-atom by utilizing an electromagnetic induction effect, so as to realize quantum information storage.

[0156] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a one-dimensional single-atom chain array obtained by the preparation method of the above-mentioned one-dimensional single-atom chain array is excited into a super-atom by using a Rydberg excitation beam; a target atomic energy level is selected in the super-atom to form an inverted pyramid-type three-level structure; a regulated laser beam that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state is used to make the super-atom transparent to a detection beam that is nearly resonant with another ground state and excited state transition frequency, thereby generating an electromagnetic induction effect; and the electromagnetic induction effect is used to transfer the quantum information carried by the incident light pulse output by the laser to the long-lived coherent state of the super-atom, thereby realizing the storage of quantum information.

[0157] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, after a one-dimensional single-atom chain is excited to become a superatom, a suitable atomic energy level is selected in the superatom to form an inverted pyramid (Λ) type three-level structure. The structure has two stable ground states and one excited state. Then, a strong laser beam that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency of one ground state and excited state is used as the control light to make the superatom transparent to the detection light that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency of another ground state and excited state, thereby generating an electromagnetic induction effect. By utilizing the electromagnetic induction effect, the speed of the incident light pulse carrying quantum information can be slowed down or even stopped completely, and its information can be transferred to the long-lived coherent state of the superatom. The strong collective effect of the superatom helps to enhance the efficiency and fidelity of information storage and reduce coherence loss. When it is necessary to read the information, the stored light pulse can be re-extracted from the superatom by adjusting the parameters of the control light to achieve information reading and transmission.

[0158] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations and / or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0159] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these embodiments are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used in combination to advantage. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make a variety of substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array, comprising: Using a magneto-optical trap to cool down some target atoms released from an atom source and trap them in the magneto-optical trap to form cold atom clusters; Using a modulation component to modulate an initial optical tweezers beam output by a beam generating component to output a first optical tweezers beam array; Adjusting the position and optical power of the first optical tweezers beam array so that the center of the first optical tweezers beam array is consistent with the center of the cold atomic group, thereby obtaining a single atom array; The optical path adjustment component is used to output a second optical tweezers beam array, and the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array form a standing wave optical tweezers array, so that the single atom array is converted into a one-dimensional single atom chain array.

2. The method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to claim 1, wherein: The light beam generating assembly comprises: a laser, suitable for generating an initial laser beam; and a first objective lens, adapted to focus the initial laser beam and output the initial optical tweezers beam; Wherein, the frequency of the initial laser beam is less than the transition frequency of the target atoms.

3. The method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to claim 1, wherein: The modulation component comprises: A first half-wave plate, adapted to change the polarization state of the initial optical tweezers beam; A spatial light modulator, adapted to modulate the initial optical tweezers beam under the control of an externally input modulation signal to output a parallel light beam; A lens assembly, adapted to focus the parallel light beams to form a converging light beam; and The second objective lens is adapted to focus the converging light beam to output the first optical tweezers beam array.

4. The method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to claim 1, wherein: By adjusting the modulation signal emitted by the modulation component, the angle of the first optical tweezers beam array output by the modulation component is modulated, thereby changing the spatial position of each standing wave optical tweezer in the standing wave optical tweezers array, and changing the spatial distribution of each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array.

5. The method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The number of single atoms in the one-dimensional single atom chain array is changed by adjusting the power of the first optical tweezers beam array and the second optical tweezers beam array.

6. The method for preparing a one-dimensional single atom chain array according to claim 5, wherein: The length and thickness of the one-dimensional single atom chain array are changed by adjusting the numerical apertures of the first objective lens and the second objective lens.

7. A method for preparing a single atom array, comprising: Using a Rydberg excitation beam to excite one atom in each single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the method for preparing the one-dimensional single atom chain array according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to a Rydberg state; Using a resonant light beam, multiple atoms in the one-dimensional single-atom chain array that are in a non-Rydberg state are ejected from a standing wave trap formed by the standing wave optical tweezers array to prepare a single-atom array; The resonant light beam is a laser beam that resonates when a target atom transitions from a ground state to an intermediate state.

8. A method for preparing a single photon source, comprising: The fluorescence emitted by the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the method for preparing the one-dimensional single atom chain array according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is collected by using an optical fiber or a waveguide to form a single photon source array. Wherein, each one-dimensional single-atom chain in the one-dimensional single-atom chain array is a single-photon source.

9. A method for preparing a near-field coupling antenna, comprising: Utilizing the single-photon source obtained by the method for preparing the single-photon source according to claim 8 to output a single-atom array optical tweezers beam; Combining the single-atom array optical tweezers beam with the standing wave optical tweezers array in the method for preparing a one-dimensional single-atom chain array according to any one of claims 1 to 7; Adjusting the position and spacing of the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array so that the single atom array and the one-dimensional single atom chain array are staggered, and each single atom in the single atom array is within the Rydberg radius of a superatom formed by each one-dimensional single atom chain in the one-dimensional single atom chain array; The superatom formed by each one-dimensional single-atom chain interacts with multiple single atoms in the single-atom array in a one-to-one correspondence to read out the information of the quantum bits in the single-atom array.

10. A method for implementing quantum information storage, comprising: Using a Rydberg excitation beam to excite the one-dimensional single atom chain array obtained by the method for preparing the one-dimensional single atom chain array according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into a super atom; selecting a target atomic energy level in the superatom to form an inverted pyramid-type three-level energy structure; Using a regulated laser beam that is nearly resonant with the transition frequency from the ground state to the excited state, the superatom is made transparent to a probe beam that is nearly resonant with another transition frequency between the ground state and the excited state, thereby generating an electromagnetic induction effect; The electromagnetic induction effect is used to transfer quantum information carried by the incident light pulse output by the laser to the long-lived coherent state of the superatom to achieve quantum information storage.

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