Fault management power system over optical network channels

Abstract

A solution is disclosed for providing a fault management power system using a hybrid connection including conductive elements and optical elements. A fault management power system can utilize delivery fibers to provide safe and efficient power transfer to improve the integrity of signals, security, and coverage of the system.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 546,552, filed on October 31, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 538,552, filed on September 15, 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of fault management power systems using hybrid cables comprising conductive wires and optical fiber elements. Background Art

[0003] Enterprise networks have traditionally used unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper cables such as CAT 6 and Power over Ethernet (POE) for power and data transmission between network devices. However, copper infrastructure limits network distances to less than 100 meters, and it has reached a point where achieving efficient transmission at data rates above 10G over copper cables over 100 meters has become difficult, and in some cases even impractical.

[0004] Optical networks provide secure and virtually unlimited bandwidth over very long distances, covering the needs of premises and campus networks from the core layer to the access layer. In addition, due to the high bandwidth, the power consumption and latency per transmitted bit are significantly lower than UTP channels. Optical systems are widely used in access networks, metropolitan area networks, core networks, and data center networks, providing unparalleled bandwidth capacity. Optical networks support wired and wireless applications, access, and distributed high-speed access points (picocells, femtocells), interconnected devices, high-resolution security cameras, and distributed audio / video using 4K 8K display systems. While optical fiber can effectively transmit data at high data rates over longer distances, it cannot effectively transmit the power required to power equipment.

[0005] Power is not always readily available at the end device location, which requires either the installation of power infrastructure or the transmission of power to the desired point. Although transmitting data and power over optical fiber can be advantageous, existing technology for transmitting power using optical signals remains immature.

[0006] Class 4 Power (C4P) is a highly efficient, fault-managed power system whose features and requirements have recently been incorporated into the latest versions of the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Underwriters Laboratories documents UL 1400-1 and UL 1400-2. C4P utilizes higher voltages (up to 450V) than traditional Power over Ethernet, resulting in more efficient power delivery.

[0007] C4P can power a variety of communications, computing and switching equipment, such as distributed antenna systems (DAS), passive optical LANs (POLs), active area switches, access points, 5G antennas, remote access cabinets and small cells. The technology can simplify the deployment of network and edge devices in enterprise facilities, such as airports, stadiums and other venues, hotels, warehouses, manufacturing plants and offices. Summary of the invention

[0008] Thus, disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for C4P that employ a hybrid system utilizing cables including optical fiber and conductive wires to improve the coverage and signal integrity of control and monitoring signals to facilitate deployment in point-to-point or multi-point topologies. The use of optical fiber in conjunction with the C4P fault detection system provides excellent signal integrity for control / monitoring signals due to low attenuation, immunity to EMI interference, and zero crosstalk while making the channel less susceptible to malicious attacks.

[0009] A fault management power system module is disclosed, comprising a power transmitter; and a power receiver incorporated into a network device (such as a switch, access point, camera or server), wherein the power transmitter and the power receiver include high voltage and low voltage power sources, sensors and ADCs, wherein DC electrical fault management power transmission can be enabled through a hybrid connection, wherein the control and monitoring signals required for the fault management power system use the same transceiver and optical fiber network used for the hybrid connection for traditional data communications, wherein the bandwidth utilization of the fault management system is less than 0.005% of the port bandwidth, and wherein the optical fiber operates in multi-mode or single-mode.

[0010] A fault management power management method for a DC power transfer system is disclosed, the method comprising analyzing measurements from at least four redundant circuits that sense and digitize electrical parameters such as voltage and current, wherein the sensing and digitizing circuits are distributed between a power transmitter and a power receiver, the power transmitter and the power receiver communicating over an optical fiber using optical signals, wherein differences between electrical parameters measured at the power transmitter side and the power receiver side are verified at intervals of less than 20 milliseconds, wherein power transfer is stopped when the different measurements of the electrical parameters from each sensor exceed a specified tolerance limit.

[0011] A fault managed power system for DC electrical power transmission over a hybrid (optical / electrical) network is disclosed, wherein control and monitoring signals of the system utilize a small portion of the light spectrum, wherein the optical fiber used is made of glass or plastic and is designed to operate in multimode or single mode, wherein the system is designed for bidirectional communication, such as sending and receiving information on the same optical fiber using one or two wavelengths, wherein both systems are designed to verify and cover single fault conditions in safety critical circuits.

[0012] A fault management power system is disclosed, comprising a module including high voltage and low voltage DC power sources, an electrical switch, a processor and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the fault management power system module has electrical, analog and digital interfaces and can be simply incorporated into a switch or network equipment, wherein the fault management power system module utilizes the switch communication function to transmit and receive control and monitoring signals required by the fault management power system through the same transceiver and optical fiber network infrastructure, wherein the bandwidth utilization of the fault management system is less than 0.005% of the port bandwidth, and the optical fiber operates in multi-mode or single-mode.

[0013] These and other non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the C4P system will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a system block diagram of an exemplary hybrid fault management system according to some embodiments.

[0015] Figure 2 is a system block diagram of an exemplary hybrid fault management system according to some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 3 According to some embodiments, it may be included in Figure 2 A block diagram of an exemplary switch module in a hybrid fault management system is shown.

[0017] Figure 4 According to some embodiments, Figure 3 A block diagram of an exemplary switch module in a power module of a switch is shown.

[0018] Figure 5 According to some embodiments, it may be included in Figure 4 A block diagram of an exemplary sensing module in a switch module is shown.

[0019] Figure 6 According to some embodiments, Figure 2 A top view of a transceiver printed circuit board in a hybrid fault management system is shown.

[0020] Figure 7 According to some embodiments, Figure 2 A bottom view of a transceiver printed circuit board in a hybrid fault management system is shown.

[0021] Fig. 8A is a first exemplary compact hybrid connector according to some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 8B is a second exemplary compact hybrid connector according to some embodiments.

[0023] Figure 8C is a third exemplary compact hybrid connector according to some embodiments.

[0024] Fig.8D is a fourth exemplary compact hybrid connector according to some embodiments.

[0025] Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary hybrid fault management system in accordance with some embodiments.

[0026] Fig.10 is a circuit diagram according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.11 is a graph depicting the relationship between voltage duration and voltage according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] As required, detailed non-limiting embodiments are disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments and may take various alternative forms. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and features may be exaggerated or reduced to show the details of a particular component. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but only as a representative basis for guiding those skilled in the art.

[0029] Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology is widely used in enterprise networks to transmit power and data over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables to a wide range of devices including Wireless Access Points (WAPs), IP security cameras, lighting, computers, and HVAC controllers. However, copper cabling has reached a point where it has become impractical to efficiently transmit data rates above 10G or over distances of more than 100 meters.

[0030] Hybrid cables, which combine optical fiber and wire (e.g., copper), provide bandwidth and coverage for high-speed access points, distributed antenna systems (DAS), switches, ultra-high-definition and high-speed security cameras, 4K / 8K display systems, and future applications. However, current methods for deploying hybrid systems fall far short of producing the neat and organized structured cabling systems found in the UTP ecosystem.

[0031] Figure 1A hybrid connection setup is depicted: a rack 100 houses a switch 50, which includes a host cage 52 connected to optical transceivers 300 of various forms (e.g., SFP, QSFP, SFP+, QSFP-DD), a hybrid patch panel 60 with front hybrid ports 62, and a rear side connected to trunk cables 110 and 112, and a multi-port power supply 70 including one or more ports (e.g., Phoenix or Euroblock type).

[0032] In current hybrid networks, many intermediate connections are required to transmit power and data to remote devices. For example, the optical transceiver 300 in the port (corresponding to the host cage 52) is connected from the switch 50 to the port 62 of the hybrid patch panel 60 using the fiber optic patch cord 40, and the port 72 from the power supply 70 is connected to the electrical port on the hybrid port 62 side of the patch panel. A hybrid cable 110 with multiple optical fibers and copper conductors is used to transmit power and provide communications from the back of the patch panel 60 to the WAP 90.

[0033] Previous embodiments of these hybrid optical-electrical connection methods require careful selection, pairing, labeling, and grouping of electrical and optical ports from the switch 50 and power supply 70. Extending the network to full utilization of the ports is complex and far from producing a neat and organized structured cabling system in the UTP ecosystem. In addition, for safety reasons, the voltage of the current hybrid system is constrained (e.g., <60V), requiring bulky copper cables 110 and 112 to transmit power.

[0034] These previous optical-electrical hybrid systems are complex and cumbersome, difficult to scale, and have an increased risk of failure as use grows. The hybrid system disclosed herein can safely and efficiently transmit power over smaller diameter cables. The system uses circuits and algorithms to manage power transfer from a power transmitter inside a switch to a power receiver in a client device.

[0035] Unlike earlier approaches that used dedicated optical transceivers to send control and data signals for fault-managed power systems, the hybrid system described in this article uses existing Ethernet connections in host switches. This helps to more easily integrate the fault-managed power system with the network and enables precise monitoring of the power and data consumed by the media access control (MAC) address of a specific client in the network.

[0036] Figure 2A novel hybrid network is depicted, including switches 200 and 900, access points 92, and media and power converters 86, which have at least one host cage 260, which is compatible with a conventional pluggable transceiver 300 and a special hybrid pluggable transceiver 400 (such as SFP, QSFP, SFP-DD, QSFP-DD or OSFP). The host cage 260 has conventional control, power and communication channels specified in [1-4], and additional channels for enabling the new fault management power function required in the proposed hybrid network, which channels are connected to the internal circuits of the hybrid transceiver 400 when the host cage 260 is inserted. If a conventional transceiver 300 is inserted in the host cage 260, the conventional transceiver 300 operates as a conventional transceiver capable of only data transmission / reception without fault management power capability.

[0037] The hybrid transceiver 400 includes a hybrid medium dependent interface (MDI) 800 that can be connected to the hybrid cables 150, 151, 152. For example, the hybrid transceiver 400 placed in the host cage 260 is connected to the hybrid cable 150, and the hybrid cable 150 sends data and power to the hybrid transceiver 400 inserted in the host cage 260 of the WAP 92.

[0038] In the same configuration, another host cage 260 equipped with a hybrid transceiver 400 is connected to a hybrid cable 151. The hybrid cable 151 connects multiple power and cable channels to a hybrid patch panel 161, which can distribute signals locally or to a remote patch panel (such as 162 connected to the medium), as well as a power converter that provides PoE to WAPs 95 that do not have a host cage 260.

[0039] Another port of the host cage 260 corresponding to the switch 200 (equipped with the hybrid transceiver 400) can transmit data and power to the remote switch 900 using the hybrid cable 152. For example, the remote switch 900 can be optimally positioned in the network at the best location to serve multiple cubicles in an office with power and high bandwidth communications.

[0040] Figure 3Detailed information is provided on the functional modules of the switch 200, which can be configured to operate as a standard switch as well as a fault management power system. The switch 200 has one or more power supply units (PSUs) 210, which can be used to power the key circuits of the switch 200 (such as the CPU module 230). For example, the CPU module 230 may include a processor, one or more controllers, and a memory. The switch ASIC 240 can be configured to perform core switching functions. The ASIC 240 switch can be of various different types, including a high-bandwidth type with a capacity of 51.2Tbps, which is mainly used in data centers. In many cases, the switch ASIC 240 can be a low-bandwidth ASIC (such as a capacity of 12.5Tbps), providing flexible and simple programmability, making it more suitable for the application of the present disclosure. The SERDES module 250 (serializer / deserializer) provides digital signal processing DSP functions to equalize the transmission signals from the ASIC 240 to the host cage 260, which are transmitted through one or more of the channels 262 included in a set of channels 255. Other exemplary modules of the switch 200 (such as cooling module 215 and additional connection module 208) are shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0041] The power module 700 includes a power source unit (PSU) 710 of a programmable current limiter and a safety extra low voltage source (hereinafter referred to as SELV 715), and the SELV 715 is used to provide the required safety power (e.g., 48V) for the circuit during the initialization or fault recovery process. The PSU 710 provides N output ports, such as 712 (where N is equal to or greater than the number of host cages 260) and a capacity of several kilowatts. The ports of the PSU 710 range from 712-1a / 712-1b to 712-Na / 712-Nb, where a and b represent the electrical polarity of the channel.

[0042] The SELV 715, which may only be used during initialization or troubleshooting, may have a lower power capacity, distributed among N outputs. The ports of the SELV 715 range from 713-1a / 713-1b to 713-Na / 713-Nb.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the power module 700 may further include a switch module 500 , wherein the switch module 500 includes N electrical switches 550 and N modules 600 .

[0044] PSU ports 712 and 713 from PSU 710 and SELV 715, respectively, are connected to circuit 708, which reallocates their channels to produce a set of interleaved channel pairs (bus 711) connected to switch module 500. More specifically, interleaved channels from 708 (e.g., 712-2a / 712-2b (PSU 710) and 713-2a / 713-2b (SELV 715)) are connected to an electrical switch 550 included in switch module 500. Electrical switch 550 selects a power source PSU 710 or SELV 715 based on the process stage (initialization or operation) for powering up a remote system. For example, for Figure 4 In the second electrical switch 550, channels {602b, 602a} are connected to {712-2a, 712-2b} or {713-2a, 713-2b}.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, each module 600 includes an electrical switch 605, a current sensor 610, an analog-to-digital converter, ADC 615, and a voltage sensor 630. There are two electrical switches for each channel polarity to improve the reliability and safety of the connection. The switch 605 is controlled by the processor 780 via an internal electrical channel or electrical bus 520. Electrical power can only be transmitted to the cage 260 when all switches 605a, 605b, 605c, and 605d are turned on.

[0046] The current sensor 610 includes a calibrated low impedance load placed in series with the channel and connected to an electronic amplifier. During operation, the calibrated load produces a voltage proportional to the circulating current in each channel, which is amplified and digitized by the ADC 615. For each channel, there are two ADCs 615a and 615b to digitize the current. Another ADC 615c is used to digitize the voltage sensed from 630. These ADCs are connected to the data / control bus 520, which interfaces with the data / control bus 220 of the switch 200.

[0047] Processor 780 performs connection initialization and also manages fault management power algorithms.

[0048] Figure 6-Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a hybrid transceiver 400 that can be inserted into the hybrid host cage 260 is shown. Figure 6 A top view of a transceiver printed circuit board (PCB) included in a hybrid transceiver 400 is shown, wherein a SERDES module 250 is configured to transmit and receive electrical signals to and from a switch ASIC 240 using an edge connector 265 having a channel configuration defined in a standard (such as [1-4]).

[0049] Figure 7 A bottom view of a transceiver PCB included in the hybrid transceiver 400 is shown, the transceiver PCB including two electrical channels 202a and 202b that are configured to energize an additional channel of the host edge connector 265 when safety conditions described in the present application are met. In other embodiments (not shown here), the transceiver includes an additional module 600.

[0050] A conventional optical transceiver 300 is connected to a fiber optic cable via a medium dependent interface (MDI) that links the transmitter and receiver components to fiber optic connectors such as LC, SN, and MPO. A duplex connection typically uses two optical fibers (e.g., a duplex LC connector) for transmission and reception, while systems like PON use a single optical fiber for both directions.

[0051] Unlike 300, the disclosed hybrid transceiver 400 uses a hybrid MDI 800 implemented in a simplex or duplex configuration. Fig. 8A A first exemplary compact hybrid connector 801 is shown using a duplex LC connector / adapter having electrical pathways located external to the LC body. Figure 8B A second exemplary compact hybrid connector 802 is shown using a duplex LC connector / adapter having electrical pathways located external to the LC body. Figure 8C A third exemplary compact hybrid connector 803 is shown using a duplex LC connector / adapter having electrical pathways located external to the LC body, and Fig.8D A fourth exemplary compact hybrid connector 804 is shown that uses a duplex LC connector / adapter having electrical pathways located external to the LC body. Fault management methods

[0052] Fig. 9 The operation of the fault managed power system over a hybrid Ethernet network is shown, depicting a point-to-point connection from switch 200 to a remote switch 900 .

[0053] Initialization method

[0054] During initialization, the processor 780 verifies that the electrical switch port 550 is connected to the SELV 715 and that the hybrid transceiver 400 is plugged into a particular host cage 260. If it is determined that the transceiver is properly plugged in, the processor 780 turns on the switch 605 of the module 600 inside the switch module 500, which connects the port of the SELV 715 to the selected host cage 260. On the remote side, the power received by the hybrid transceiver 400 (plugged into the host cage 260 in the switch 900) powers up the transceiver and the remote processor 780. The remote processor 780 turns on the switch 605 of the module 600 inside the switch 900 and connects to the module 950. During initialization, the module 950 terminates the circuit with the impedance Rt.

[0055] The simplified equivalent circuit after module 950 is terminated is as follows Fig.10 As shown. Fig.10 , SELV 715 provides a safe voltage to power up the required modules during initialization. The local and remote connectors (e.g., hybrid MDI 800) and the copper wires of the hybrid cable 152 are represented by a two-port network. The current and voltage parameters measured by the local module 600 are {Im1, Im2, Vm} measured by sensor 610a, sensor 610b, and sensor 630, respectively. The current and voltage parameters measured by the remote module 600 are {Im r1 、Im r2 、Vm r These data are digitized by the respective ADC 615 and sent to the respective processors. The remote processor 780 of the switch 900 encapsulates its measurement data in a small Ethernet frame and transmits it to its respective ASIC 240 through management, or transmits it to other available ports without encapsulating the measurement data.

[0056] The ASIC 240 of the switch 900 transmits an Ethernet frame with a set of several measurements of current and voltage and corresponding timestamps to the hybrid transceiver 400 inserted into the host cage 260. The Ethernet frame is transmitted to the hybrid transceiver 400 of the switch 200 using the optical fiber of the hybrid cable 152. The data is recovered by the ASIC 240 and sent to the processor 780 of the switch 200.

[0057] The measurements of the client device (e.g., switch 900) are compared with the measurements from the power server (e.g., switch 200). Assuming ΔIt is the acceptable tolerance of the current sensor, and Vd is the acceptable voltage drop of the used voltage of the SELV, the following equation must be satisfied to consider the channel healthy to start full power transfer. Abs (Im1 - Im2) ≤ ΔIt (1) Abs (Im r1, -Im r2 ) ≤ ΔIt (2) Abs (Im1, -Im r1 ) ≤ ΔIt (3) Abs (Im2, -Im r2 ) ≤ ΔIt (4) (Vm -Vm r2 ) ≤ Vd (5)

[0058] In these equations, Abs() represents the absolute value function. Note that the specified Vd needs to be scaled from the voltage drop specified during operation, where a higher voltage source in the PSU 710 is used instead of the SELV 715. Given the cable specifications, the measured Vd can be used to estimate the cable length. In addition, since Rt is known during initialization, the parameters of the cable such as R11, R22, and R12 can be estimated. All of this information can help monitor the channel during operation.

[0059] The tolerance ΔIt required to detect a faulty system can be calculated as defined in UL-1400-1, which assumes the worst-case human body resistance and the fault current limit curve threshold (e.g. Fig.11 These tolerances can be used to specify the tolerance of the calibration resistors in sensor 610 and the desired ADC resolution.

[0060] The operation of the fault management power system requires that the channel meet the requirements of equations (1-5). Once this is confirmed after multiple iterations during the initialization time, the power required by the client (e.g., switch 900) is communicated over the Ethernet channel. If the switch 200 can provide the power, it sends a confirmation Ethernet frame to the client. At this point, the operation and monitoring process begins.

[0061] Operation and monitoring methods

[0062] Before starting fault management power transfer, the processor 780 of the switch 200 commands the electrical switch 550 to connect to the PSU 710. During normal operation, {Im1, Im2, Vm} at the switch 200 and {Im2, Vm} at the client side (e.g., switch 900) r1 、Im r2 、V mr} are performed and digitized at intervals Tm by ADC 615. The client's parameters are sent from the client (e.g., switch 900) to the power server (e.g., switch 200) at intervals Tc using small data packets or Ethernet frames, where Tc ≥ 3xM x Tm, and M is the number of measurements per ADC transmitted per frame.

[0063] This process continues as long as data frames or packets (such as Ethernet frames) with client measurements are received on time and at intervals equal to or less than Tc, and the requirements described in equations (1-5) are met at the same time. The client or power server may request to disconnect for other reasons (such as no longer needing power or needing to allocate power to other devices).

[0064] If the channel requirements are not met, at the switch 200 side, processor 780 opens switches 605a and 605b and commands electrical switch 550 to connect SELV 715. Depending on how large the deviation from the operating conditions described in equations (1-5) is, the system will pause and attempt to start the initialization process described above.

[0065] The reaction time Tr is defined as the time required to disconnect the source after a fault occurs, which includes Tm, the measurement time Tc (which is the measured parameter {Im r1 、Im r2 、V mr}), processing time Tp (which includes the compliance evaluation of equation (1-5), trend estimation and disconnection time Td (turning off the switch)). In general, Tr = Tm + Tc + Tp + Td + Tl, where Tl is the additional delay caused by the non-deterministic nature of traditional networks such as Ethernet. Past delay studies on traditional Ethernet have found that for point-to-point connections, delay variations are common, but are unlikely to exceed 2 milliseconds even in fully utilized networks. Recently, the development of Ethernet networking technology combined with sensitive networking (TSN) has further reduced delay variations.

[0066] In fault management power systems, Tr needs to be lower than Fig.11 The maximum permissible exposure time Te is shown. This Te curve can be estimated based on UL-1400-1 assuming a worst-case human body resistance of 575 ohms.

[0067] Since the present invention utilizes the same optical channel to transmit data from equipment and measurement data for fault management power systems, it is important to evaluate potential degradation of the channel bandwidth.

[0068] To illustrate the maximum Tc allowed safely, we can assume Tm = 5ms, Tp + Td = 1ms, Tl = 4ms (higher than the expected 2ms), and use Fig.11Te is shown as a function of voltage curves for two voltages, 430V DC and 160V DC. The Te for these voltages is 20.9ms and 72ms, respectively. The ADCs described may be 10-bit ADCs, and the hybrid cable may be capable of transmitting 2 amps DC, depending on the distance and size of the conductors, enabling fault management power transmission of up to 800W (430V) or 300W (160V) for each hybrid port corresponding to the host cage 260. For exemplary purposes, the two power modes disclosed may be provided, 800W (430V) or 300W (160V).

[0069] Using these values, it can be estimated that Tc ≤ 10 ms for a transmission voltage of 430 V DC and Tc ≤ 62 ms for 160 V. Therefore, the bandwidth required for fault management of power systems using a 64-byte Ethernet frame and a 48-byte payload (to accommodate multiple measurements from sensors, including timestamps) is less than 52 Kbps for 430 V and less than 8.3 Kbps for 160 V.

[0070] Considering that the port speed is at least 10Gbps, the network utilization of the fault managed power system is negligible (<0.001%). Even in the case of not being the application preferred 1Gbps, it may be less than 0.01%. Therefore, the disclosed method is able to simultaneously operate the fault managed power operation system while maintaining nearly full capacity of data communication on the same optical port.

[0071] Therefore, the present disclosure describes systems, devices, and methods for implementing a 4-type fault management DC power system associated with the above-mentioned existing methods. As will be apparent from the foregoing, various non-limiting embodiments of systems, devices, and methods for implementing a 4-type fault management DC power system have been described. Although various embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, they are merely exemplary, and these embodiments are not intended to illustrate and describe all possibilities. On the contrary, the words used herein are descriptive rather than limiting, and it should be understood that various changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power transmitter included as part of a fault management power system, the power transmitter comprising: Low pressure source; an electrical switch port coupled to the low voltage source; Hybrid transceiver; a switch for coupling the low voltage source to the hybrid transceiver; Mainframe cage structure; processor; as well as a memory in communication with the processor, the memory comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: verifying that the low voltage source is coupled to the electrical switch port; determining that the hybrid transceiver has been inserted into the host cage structure, and based on the determination, closing the switch to couple the low voltage source to the hybrid transceiver; obtaining local diagnostic data of the power transmitter, the local diagnostic data comprising at least a local current measurement and a local voltage measurement; controlling transmission of low voltage power from the hybrid transceiver to a remote hybrid transceiver included in a remote network device, the low voltage power being transmitted via an electrically conductive line of a hybrid cable connecting the hybrid transceiver to the remote hybrid transceiver; receiving remote diagnostic data from the remote hybrid transceiver via an optical fiber of the hybrid cable, the remote diagnostic data comprising at least current measurements and voltage measurements from the remote network device; comparing the local diagnostic data to the remote diagnostic data and determining that the compared diagnostic data is within a predetermined acceptable tolerance; as well as Based on determining that the compared diagnostic data is within the predetermined acceptable tolerance, transmission of high voltage power from the power transmitter to the remote network switch through the conductors of the hybrid cable is controlled.

2. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that The predetermined acceptable tolerance includes at least remaining below an acceptable current limit detected by a current sensor on the power transmitter and a current sensor on the remote network device.

3. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that The predetermined acceptable tolerance includes at least remaining below an acceptable voltage drop across a low voltage source detected by a voltage sensor on the power transmitter and a voltage sensor on the remote network device.

4. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Non-diagnostic data is also transmitted via the optical fibers of the hybrid cable, while the remote diagnostic data is also transmitted via the optical fibers of the hybrid cable.

5. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Transmission of the remote diagnostic data over the optical fibers of the hybrid cable utilizes less than 0.005% of a port bandwidth capability.

6. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmitter is included in a network device, which is one of a network switch, a network access point, a network-connected camera, or a network server.

7. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault management power system meets the requirements of a Class 4 power system and complies with UL Standard 1400-1.

8. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the hybrid cable uses a single-mode optical fiber, error-free communication over at least 10 km is achieved between the power transmitter and the receiver via the optical fiber of the hybrid cable.

9. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high voltage power is at least 1 kW.

10. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high voltage power is transmitted in the form of pulse power.

11. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high voltage power is transmitted in the form of direct current (DC) power.

12. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory also includes executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: The local diagnostic data is transmitted to the remote hybrid transceiver via the optical fiber of the hybrid cable.

13. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory also includes executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: transmitting the local diagnostic data to the remote network device via the optical fiber of the hybrid cable at a first interval while transmitting the high voltage power; receiving the remote diagnostic data from the remote network device at a second interval via the optical fiber of the hybrid cable while the remote network device is receiving the high voltage power; as well as When the second interval of receiving the remote diagnosis data from the remote network device is lower than a predetermined time limit, the transmission of the high voltage power is controlled to stop.

14. The power transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory also includes executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detecting a predetermined fault condition; and The transmission of the high voltage power is controlled to cease based on a detected predetermined fault condition, wherein a reaction time for ceasing the transmission of the high voltage power is less than a predetermined reaction time limit.

15. The power transmitter according to claim 14, characterized in that: The predetermined reaction time limit is 20.9 ms.

16. The power transmitter according to claim 14, characterized in that: The predetermined reaction time limit is 72 ms.

17. A power receiver as part of a fault management power system, the power receiver comprising: Low pressure source; an electrical switch port coupled to the low voltage source; Hybrid transceiver; a switch for coupling the low voltage source to the hybrid transceiver; Mainframe cage structure; processor; as well as a memory in communication with the processor, the memory containing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receiving low voltage power from a power transmitter via electrical conductors of a hybrid cable connecting the hybrid transceiver to a remote hybrid transceiver included in a remote network device; controlling the switch to shut down the hybrid transceiver included in the power receiver and supply the low voltage power to the hybrid transceiver; obtaining local diagnostic data of the power transmitter, the local diagnostic data comprising at least a local current measurement and a local voltage measurement; transmitting the local diagnostic data to the remote hybrid transceiver via an optical fiber of the hybrid cable; receiving remote diagnostic data from the remote hybrid transceiver via the optical fiber of the hybrid cable, the remote diagnostic data comprising at least current measurements and voltage measurements from the remote network device; comparing the local diagnostic data to the remote diagnostic data and determining that the compared diagnostic data is within a predetermined acceptable tolerance; as well as Controlling transmission of a validation message to the remote network device through the optical fiber of the hybrid cable, the validation message identifying whether the compared diagnostic data is within the predetermined acceptable tolerance.

18. The power receiver according to claim 17, wherein: The power receiver is included in a network device, which is one of a network switch, a network access point, a network-connected camera, or a network server.

19. The power receiver according to claim 17, wherein: The predetermined acceptable tolerance includes at least remaining below an acceptable current limit detected by a current sensor on the power receiver and a current sensor on the remote network device.

20. The power receiver of claim 1, wherein: The predetermined acceptable tolerance includes at least remaining below an acceptable voltage drop across a low voltage source detected by a voltage sensor on the power receiver and a voltage sensor on the remote network device.

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