Air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method, which combines the characteristics of an overwater radio network and an underwater acoustic network, designs a routing mechanism based on a two-hop neighbor table by cooperating with air, water and underwater nodes, effectively solves the problem of routing voids, and improves the communication efficiency. The method comprises a neighbor discovery part and a routing strategy part, wherein the neighbor discovery part maintains a two-hop neighbor table of a node through a periodic HELLO message and a timer mechanism; a routing strategy is designed for an underwater acoustic network, a water radio network and a cross-domain communication scene, and efficient and reliable data transmission is realized by adopting priority ranking and a multi-hop transmission mechanism. According to the air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method provided by the invention, the end-to-end communication time delay is remarkably reduced, the robustness and the transmission efficiency of the network are improved, and a low-time-delay and high-reliability routing solution is provided for the air-sea cross-domain communication network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method. Background Art

[0002] Since aerial communications usually rely on radio waves, which have the characteristics of high bandwidth, low latency, and wide coverage, while underwater communications mainly rely on sound waves, which have the characteristics of narrow bandwidth, high latency, and limited transmission distance, these two communication modes have significant differences in physical characteristics and network requirements, resulting in traditional routing protocols being difficult to meet the needs of collaborative communication between multiple media in cross-domain networks.

[0003] In addition, the distribution of nodes in the air-sea cross-domain communication network is dynamic and uneven. Aerial nodes and surface nodes can rely on batteries or external power supplies to maintain a long working time, while underwater nodes are limited by energy, pressure and environmental noise, and their working life and communication performance are limited. At the same time, the problems of multipath effect, severe attenuation, propagation delay and high bit error rate in the underwater communication environment further increase the complexity of network design.

[0004] At present, there is still little research on air-sea cross-domain communication network routing technology in China. Existing communication network routing research mainly focuses on a specific single network domain, lacking systematic research on the collaborative communication mechanism of air, sea, and underwater nodes. Especially in the context of diversified mission requirements, such as effective and reliable data transmission of nodes above and below the water and network self-organization capabilities, existing technologies are in urgent need of breakthroughs. How to achieve efficient, reliable, and low-latency routing mechanisms in air-sea cross-domain communications has become a difficulty and focus in the current research field.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problem that the information transmission of the existing marine radio network and the underwater acoustic network is relatively separated and cannot be effectively coordinated, the present invention proposes a routing method for an air-sea cross-domain communication network, aiming to improve the end-to-end transmission delay and data transmission reliability of the air-sea cross-domain communication network.

[0007] The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed in the present invention includes neighbor discovery and routing strategy. The neighbor discovery method specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] Before establishing the information transmission path, the air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method of the present invention requires the node to have neighbor information within the two-hop communication range. In the air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method of the present invention, each node maintains a two-hop neighbor table to store information about neighbor nodes. The neighbor table is maintained through the interaction of periodic HELLO messages between nodes. When a node receives a HELLO message, it lists the content in the HELLO message packet in the neighbor table. Each node is set with a timer. When a HELLO message sent by a node in the neighbor table is not received for a certain period of time, the node is removed from the neighbor table, thereby indicating that the node is actually damaged, leaves the current area, or runs out of energy.

[0009] The routing strategy includes: an underwater acoustic network routing strategy part and a water radio network routing strategy part.

[0010] Preferably, the underwater acoustic network routing strategy part specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] When an underwater node needs to send a data packet, the node is recorded as the source node. The source node first checks the destination node. If the destination node is a two-hop underwater node, it forwards the packet according to the neighbor node information recorded in the neighbor table.

[0012] If the destination node is another node, check whether there is a surface node in the two-hop neighbor table. If so, forward the data packet to the surface node via one or two hops. If there is no surface node in the two-hop neighbor table of the source node, the information cannot be out of the water in a single hop / two hops. In this case, the information must be transmitted to the surface node in an underwater multi-hop manner. First, the source node marks the data packet as a cross-domain data packet, recorded as KY-Data. After that, the neighbor nodes in the neighbor table are included in the forwarding candidate set. The forwarding priority of the neighbor node is determined by comparing the location information of the neighbor node and the destination node. The more advantageous the location of the neighbor node, the higher the priority. The source node checks the forwarding candidate set and forwards to the node with the higher priority.

[0013] When performing underwater multi-hop forwarding, the number of underwater transmission hops cannot exceed three hops, that is, when the source node forwards KY-Data to the one-hop node according to the priority, the one-hop node checks its two-hop neighbor table. If there is a surface node in the table, the information is forwarded to the surface node according to the one-hop / two-hop path recorded in the two-hop neighbor table. If there is still no surface node in the two-hop neighbor table of the one-hop node, the forwarding of the data packet is abandoned.

[0014] In the process of route planning, the situation of route holes also needs to be considered. However, in the two-hop neighbor table of the location-based agile routing protocol of the air-sea cross-domain communication network, it can be seen that when the two-hop neighbor node is the current node, it means that the neighbor node is a hole node. At this time, the node should be deleted from the forwarding candidate set.

[0015] Preferably, the above-water radio network routing strategy part specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] The routing strategy between water nodes is a process in which water nodes perform routing based on geographical locations and continuously forward packets to the destination node. The specific process is as follows: when the destination node is a water node, the water source node checks the two-hop neighbor table. If the destination node is in the two-hop neighbor table, the data packet is forwarded to the destination node according to the path recorded in the neighbor table. If the destination node is not in the two-hop neighbor table, the neighbor nodes in the two-hop neighbor table are prioritized according to the location information of the current node and the destination node, and are included in the forwarding candidate set. The destination node forwards the data packet according to the priority in the forwarding candidate set.

[0017] Preferably, the above-water / underwater cross-domain routing strategy mainly refers to the transmission of data packets from above-water nodes to underwater nodes. The specific routing strategy is: the above-water node first determines that the location of the destination node is underwater, and updates the data packet identifier to KY-Data. After that, the above-water node extracts the location information of the destination node from KY-Data, and checks whether there is a surface node close to the location of the destination node in the two-hop neighbor table. Forward KY-Data to the surface node close to the location of the destination node. When KY-Data is forwarded to the surface node, KY-Data is transmitted according to the routing strategy in the underwater acoustic communication network.

[0018] Similar to the underwater acoustic communication network, routing holes need to be avoided in the electromagnetic wave communication network. The specific avoidance method is to use the same method of checking the two-hop neighbor table as the underwater acoustic communication network.

[0019] Compared with the related art, the air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed in the present invention comprehensively considers the high bandwidth and low latency characteristics of the water radio network and the narrow bandwidth, high latency and high bit error rate characteristics of the underwater hydroacoustic network, and realizes efficient and reliable data transmission by coordinating air, water and underwater nodes;

[0021] The routing mechanism designed in the present invention can avoid routing holes during data transmission, effectively reduce end-to-end communication delay, and improve network robustness and transmission efficiency;

[0022] The present invention breaks through the limitations of traditional single-medium networks, combines the communication requirements in air-sea cross-domain communication network scenarios, ensures the effectiveness and reliability of data transmission, and provides a strong guarantee for achieving low-latency and high-efficiency air-sea cross-domain communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a use scenario of an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a neighbor discovery process of an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the field format of a HELLO message packet of an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a simplified process flow of a routing strategy for an underwater acoustic communication network in an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 The present invention provides a simplified flow chart of the routing strategy of the overwater radio communication network part in the air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0029] Combined with Figure 1 According to the different location environments of the nodes in the network, the nodes in the air-sea cross-domain communication network are divided into three categories, namely: air nodes represented by drones, surface nodes represented by air-sea cross-domain communication gateways, and underwater nodes represented by underwater equipment. Aerial nodes and surface nodes are collectively referred to as surface nodes. The air-sea cross-domain communication network scenario includes surface radio communication networks and underwater acoustic communication networks. Aerial nodes have electromagnetic wave communication capabilities and can communicate with aerial nodes and surface nodes; surface nodes have both electromagnetic wave and underwater acoustic communication capabilities and can communicate with aerial nodes, surface nodes, and underwater nodes; underwater nodes have underwater acoustic communication capabilities and can communicate with underwater nodes and surface nodes.

[0030] The present invention proposes an air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method, which includes neighbor discovery and routing strategy.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, neighbor discovery includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. The air-sea cross-domain communication network starts to initialize the network;

[0033] S2, each node in the network begins to periodically broadcast HELLO message packets and starts their own timers;

[0034] S3, each node reads the received HELLO message packet and records the information in the HELLO message packet into the two-hop neighbor table;

[0035] S4. If no HELLO message packet broadcasted by a neighbor node in the two-hop neighbor table is received within a specified time, the node is deleted from the two-hop neighbor table.

[0036] As attached Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the fields contained in the HELLO message packet in neighbor discovery are:

[0037] Field 1: “Message_Type” indicates the type of this data packet.

[0038] Field 2: "Node_ID" indicates the ID of the node that sends the message.

[0039] Field three: "Node_Type" indicates the type of the node sending the message.

[0040] Field four: "Node_Position" indicates the position of the node that sends the message.

[0041] Field 5: "Residual_Energy" indicates the remaining energy of the node sending the message.

[0042] Field six: "Two-hop_Node_ID" indicates the two-hop neighbor node ID of the node sending the message.

[0043] Field seven: "Two-hop_Node_Position" indicates the two-hop neighbor node position of the node sending the message.

[0044] Since the air-sea cross-domain communication network includes an underwater acoustic communication network domain and an overwater radio communication network domain, the routing strategy of the present invention is divided into an underwater acoustic network routing strategy part and an overwater radio network routing strategy part.

[0045] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the underwater acoustic network routing strategy includes the following steps:

[0046] P1, the underwater node needs to send data or the KY-Data from the water radio communication network needs to be forwarded from the surface node to the underwater node, and this node is called the source node;

[0047] P2, the source node checks the address of the destination node to determine whether the destination node is an underwater node. If so, go to step P3; if not, go to step P5;

[0048] P3, the source node determines whether the destination node is within two hops of the source node. If so, go to step P4; if not, go to step P6;

[0049] P4, forward the data packet according to the path recorded in the two-hop neighbor table of the source node;

[0050] P5, if the destination node is a water node, determine whether there is a water node within two hops of the source node. If so, go to step P4 to enter the water radio communication network domain; if not, go to step P6;

[0051] P6: Is the current node a routing hole node? If so, go to step P7; if not, go to P8;

[0052] P7, forwarding failed;

[0053] P8, identify the data packet as a KY-Data data packet, generate a forwarding candidate set, and calculate the forwarding priority;

[0054] P9, forwarding to the node with the highest priority;

[0055] P10. Determine whether the number of hops of underwater transmission exceeds three hops. If so, go to step P7; if not, go to step P2.

[0056] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the maritime radio network routing strategy part includes the following steps:

[0057] Q1. The water node needs to send data or the KY-Data data packet from the underwater acoustic communication network needs to be forwarded in the water radio network. This node is called the source node;

[0058] Q2, the source node checks the address of the destination node to determine whether the destination node is an on-water node. If so, go to step Q3; if not, go to step Q4;

[0059] Q3: Determine whether the destination node is within two hops of the current node. If so, go to step Q5; if not, go to step Q6;

[0060] Q4, update the data packet identifier to KY-Data, determine whether the current node is a surface node, if so, go to step Q3; if not, go to step Q6;

[0061] Q5: Forward according to the path recorded in the two-hop neighbor table;

[0062] Q6: Is the current node a routing hole node? If so, go to step Q7; if not, go to step Q8;

[0063] Q7, Forwarding Hole;

[0064] Q8. Generate a forwarding candidate set and calculate the forwarding priority;

[0065] Q9, forward the data packet according to the forwarding priority;

[0066] Q10, determine whether the destination node or the surface node close to the underwater node has been reached, if so, go to step Q11; if not, go to step Q6;

[0067] Q11. Forwarding is successful or the data packet is connected to the underwater acoustic communication network.

[0068] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation methods. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the preferred embodiments, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiments without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, based on the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for air-sea cross-domain communication network routing, characterized in that: The method includes neighbor discovery and routing strategy; wherein the neighbor discovery includes the following steps: S1. The air-sea cross-domain communication network starts to initialize the network; S2, each node in the network begins to periodically broadcast HELLO message packets and starts their own timers; S3, each node reads the received HELLO message packet and records the information in the HELLO message packet into the two-hop neighbor table; S4: If no HELLO message packet broadcast by a neighbor node in the two-hop neighbor table is received within a specified time, the node is deleted from the two-hop neighbor table; The routing strategy includes an underwater acoustic network routing strategy part and an overwater radio network routing strategy part.

2. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The HELLO message packet contains the following fields: Field 1: "Message_Type" indicates the type of this data packet; Field 2: "Node_ID" indicates the ID of the node that sent the message; Field three: "Node_Type" indicates the type of the node that sent the message; Field 4: "Node_Position" indicates the position of the node that sends the message; Field 5: "Residual_Energy" indicates the remaining energy of the node sending the message; Field six: "Two-hop_Node_ID" indicates the two-hop neighbor node ID of the node sending the message; Field seven: "Two-hop_Node_Position" indicates the two-hop neighbor node position of the node sending the message.

3. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater acoustic network routing strategy part includes the following steps: P1, the underwater node needs to send data or the KY-Data from the water radio communication network needs to be forwarded from the surface node to the underwater node, and this node is called the source node; P2, the source node checks the address of the destination node to determine whether the destination node is an underwater node. If so, go to step P3; if not, go to step P5; P3, the source node determines whether the destination node is within two hops of the source node. If so, go to step P4; if not, go to step P6; P4, forward the data packet according to the path recorded in the two-hop neighbor table of the source node; P5, if the destination node is a water node, determine whether there is a water node within two hops of the source node. If so, go to step P4 to enter the water radio communication network domain; if not, go to step P6; P6: Is the current node a routing hole node? If so, go to step P7; if not, go to P8; P7, forwarding failed; P8, identify the data packet as a KY-Data data packet, generate a forwarding candidate set, and calculate the forwarding priority; P9, forwarding to the node with the highest priority; P10. Determine whether the number of hops of underwater transmission exceeds three hops. If so, go to step P7; if not, go to step P2.

4. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The routing strategy part of the maritime radio network includes the following steps: Q1. The water node needs to send data or the KY-Data data packet from the underwater acoustic communication network needs to be forwarded in the water radio network. This node is called the source node; Q2, the source node checks the address of the destination node to determine whether the destination node is an on-water node. If so, go to step Q3; if not, go to step Q4; Q3: Determine whether the destination node is within two hops of the current node. If so, go to step Q5; if not, go to step Q6; Q4, update the data packet identifier to KY-Data, determine whether the current node is a surface node, if so, go to step Q3; if not, go to step Q6; Q5: Forward according to the path recorded in the two-hop neighbor table; Q6: Is the current node a routing hole node? If so, go to step Q7; if not, go to step Q8; Q7, Forwarding Hole; Q8. Generate a forwarding candidate set and calculate the forwarding priority; Q9, forward the data packet according to the forwarding priority; Q10, determine whether the destination node or the surface node close to the underwater node has been reached, if so, go to step Q11; if not, go to step Q6; Q11. Forwarding is successful or the data packet is connected to the underwater acoustic communication network.

5. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The routing strategy also includes a cross-domain routing strategy, in which when an above-water node transmits a data packet to an underwater node, the above-water node first determines that the destination node is underwater and updates the data packet identifier to KY-Data. Then, the above-water node extracts the location information of the destination node from KY-Data, and checks whether there is a surface node close to the destination node in the two-hop neighbor table, and forwards KY-Data to the surface node close to the destination node. When KY-Data is forwarded to the surface node, KY-Data is transmitted according to the routing strategy in the underwater acoustic communication network.

6. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The routing strategy also includes detection and avoidance of routing holes, which is to identify routing holes by checking whether there are neighbor nodes pointing to the current node in the two-hop neighbor table, and to remove the hole nodes from the forwarding candidate set when a routing hole is found, so as to avoid invalid forwarding of data packets.

7. The air-sea cross-domain communication network routing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The routing strategy also includes a priority sorting mechanism, in which a node calculates a forwarding priority based on parameters such as location information and remaining energy of neighboring nodes, and preferentially selects nodes with a high forwarding priority to forward data packets.

Images