A preparation process for curved photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, specifically relating to the technical field of curved photovoltaic panel preparation, including S1, preparation of a curved photovoltaic panel mold, S2, preparation of photovoltaic materials, S3, photovoltaic panel molding, S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, and S5, edge processing and connection. The present invention significantly improves the adaptability, performance, durability, and molding accuracy of the photovoltaic panel by customizing the curved mold, using high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic materials, introducing micro-nanostructure processing technology, nano-additives, plasma activation treatment, step-by-step heating and pressurization, and magnetic field-assisted molding. At the same time, the invention adopts multi-layer composite packaging and flexible connection components to optimize the packaging and connection methods of the photovoltaic panel, thereby achieving efficient, reliable, and beautiful curved photovoltaic panel preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel preparation, and more specifically, to a preparation process of an arc-shaped photovoltaic panel. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the continuous growth of global demand for clean energy, solar energy, as a renewable and pollution-free form of energy, has an increasingly wide range of applications. Curved photovoltaic panels have unique advantages in building integration, circular facilities such as lighthouses, signal towers and some special-shaped energy collection devices because they can better fit curved structures. They have become one of the research hotspots in the field of solar photovoltaic technology.

[0003] However, the current preparation process of curved photovoltaic panels faces many challenges, such as:

[0004] In terms of mold preparation, traditional molds often have difficulty accurately achieving complex arc molding. Furthermore, the performance of mold materials is limited, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high-temperature resistance, high strength, and mold release performance. The lack of effective temperature control methods affects the molding quality and production efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, backward mold surface treatment technology can easily lead to adhesion of photovoltaic materials, increasing the defective rate.

[0005] In terms of photovoltaic materials, the types of existing flexible photovoltaic materials are limited, the photoelectric conversion efficiency needs to be improved, and there is a lack of effective means to further optimize their performance during the material preparation process. The pretreatment process of the materials is not perfect, which affects the combination effect of the materials and subsequent processes.

[0006] In terms of molding technology, traditional molding methods make it difficult to ensure uniform filling and tight fit of photovoltaic materials in curved molds, resulting in uneven internal structure of the product and unstable photoelectric conversion efficiency. The lack of effective auxiliary molding technology makes it impossible to control the microstructure of the material, limiting the improvement of product performance.

[0007] The packaging process has shortcomings. The traditional packaging structure is simple and cannot effectively solve the heat dissipation problem. It is easy to cause the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel to be too high, affecting its service life and power generation efficiency. The environmental control and bonding technology during the packaging process are not sophisticated enough, resulting in defects such as bubbles and delamination between the packaging layers, which reduces product reliability.

[0008] Rough edge treatment not only affects the appearance of the product, but also causes edge stress concentration, reduces the mechanical strength and safety of the product. The connection method is single and inflexible, making it difficult to meet the splicing and connection requirements of curved photovoltaic panels in different application scenarios, limiting their large-scale promotion and application.

[0009] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Preparation of a curved photovoltaic panel mold: A curved mold is prepared. The mold is made of a high-strength, high-temperature-resistant material with good demoulding properties. A heating and cooling system is provided inside the mold, and the mold surface is treated with micro-nanostructure technology to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating;

[0013] S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: flexible photovoltaic materials are selected, nano-additives are added during the material preparation process, and the photovoltaic materials are pretreated, including surface cleaning and plasma activation treatment;

[0014] S3, photovoltaic panel molding, placing the pre-treated photovoltaic material in the mold of step S1, so that it is initially fitted with the cavity surface, and the photovoltaic material is tightly fitted to the mold surface through vacuum adsorption. A step-by-step heating and pressurization process is adopted, and the photovoltaic material is initially molded at a lower temperature and pressure, and then the temperature and pressure are gradually increased. A magnetic field-assisted technology is introduced during the molding process to apply a magnetic field of a specific direction and intensity. Finally, heating is stopped, and the pressure is kept constant. The mold and photovoltaic panel are allowed to gradually cool down under natural cooling conditions. The cooling rate is controlled at 5℃-8℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, the pressure is slowly released to zero, and the formed curved photovoltaic panel is taken out and cooled for ≥2h.

[0015] S4, photovoltaic panel encapsulation, adopts a multi-layer composite encapsulation structure, with a transparent high-strength protective film and a weather-resistant backsheet set on the front and back of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and a special thermally conductive insulating material filled between the encapsulation layers. The encapsulation process is carried out in a vacuum environment and adopts hot pressing technology;

[0016] S5. Edge processing and connection: finely polish and chamfer the edges of the curved photovoltaic panels, and use flexible connection components for splicing between curved photovoltaic panels or connecting with external equipment. The connection components are made of conductive elastic material.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the specifications of the mold need to be set according to the curved structure of the specific building or the surface coverage of the circular facility required by the photovoltaic panel, and the surface shapes of the mold cavity and core are set according to the curvature of the curved photovoltaic panel.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the material of the mold is special alloy steel or high-performance engineering plastic, wherein the special alloy steel includes any one of H13 steel containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium elements or P20 steel containing chromium, nickel, and molybdenum elements, and the high-performance engineering plastic includes any one of polyetheretherketone or polyimide;

[0019] The heating system uses electric heating elements;

[0020] The cooling system adopts circulating water cooling.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating is formed by using micro-nanostructure processing technology. Specifically, chemical etching, physical vapor deposition or plasma treatment technology is used to construct a micro-nanoscale rough structure on the mold surface, and then a material with super-hydrophobic properties is coated on the mold surface by dip coating and spraying to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The super-hydrophobic material includes a fluorocarbon polymer and a silicone material.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the flexible photovoltaic material specifically includes any one of an amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material, a copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material or an organic photovoltaic material, the nano-additive includes any one of nano-titanium dioxide or nano-zinc oxide or a combination of both in a 1:1 ratio, and the plasma activation treatment in the pretreatment of the flexible photovoltaic material is carried out under a specific gas atmosphere of oxygen and argon.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, when the photovoltaic material is closely attached to the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, the predetermined vacuum degree of the vacuum adsorption is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the heating and pressurizing process in the molding process is divided into two stages:

[0025] In the first heating stage, the mold temperature is slowly raised to 80-100°C, with a heating rate of 5-10°C / min. In the first pressurization stage, the pressure is 1MPa-3MPa for 5-10 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material begins to soften and initially fills the mold cavity, adapting to the shape of the mold.

[0026] In the second heating stage, the mold temperature is continued to rise to 120℃-150℃, and the heating rate is adjusted to 3℃-5℃ / min. In the second pressurization stage, the molding pressure is 5MPa-10MPa, and the duration is 10-15min.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the magnetic field assisted technology is introduced. Specifically, when the temperature and pressure in the mold reach the set value of the second stage and stabilize, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, and the direction of the magnetic field is adjusted to be perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic material. The magnetic field strength is set between 0.1T-0.5T. The magnetic field acts on the carriers in the photovoltaic material, changes their motion trajectory, promotes the migration and separation of carriers inside the material, and optimizes the crystal structure and electrical properties of the material. With the assistance of the magnetic field, the high temperature and high pressure state is maintained for 3-5 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material completes the final molding process in the magnetic field environment, and gives full play to the effect of the magnetic field on improving the material properties.

[0028] Preferably, in step S4, the material of the protective film is polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate, the material of the back plate is fluoroplastic or silicone material, and the special thermally conductive insulating material includes any one of boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder and polyimide-based thermally conductive insulating composite material;

[0029] The vacuum hot pressing process in the packaging process has a vacuum degree of 0.01-0.1Pa, a temperature of 100℃-120℃, a pressure of 1-3MPa, and a time of 10-20min.

[0030] Preferably, in step S5, the chamfer radius in the edge processing is 1-3 mm, the base material of the flexible connection component is conductive silicone or elastic metal sheet, the surface is coated with conductive silver paste or electroplated metal layer, and the connection component adopts a snap-on, embedded or adhesive structure.

[0031] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0032] By preparing a mold with a specific curvature, the present invention can customize photovoltaic panels with corresponding curvatures according to the surface coverage requirements of different architectural curved structures or circular facilities. This not only improves the installation flexibility of the photovoltaic system, but also allows for better fit with the surface of the building or facility, maximizing the use of solar energy resources and improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0033] During the preparation process, the present invention uses a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating formed by micro-nanostructure processing technology, the addition of nano-additives, and plasma activation treatment to improve the performance of photovoltaic materials. The super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating helps reduce the adhesion of dust and water droplets to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, maintaining its cleanliness, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The nano-additives and plasma activation treatment can improve the microstructure and electrical properties of the photovoltaic material, enhancing its conductivity and stability. In addition, the use of a multi-layer composite packaging structure and special thermally conductive insulating materials further improves the durability and service life of the photovoltaic panel.

[0034] The present invention introduces a step-by-step heating and pressurizing process and a magnetic field-assisted technology during the photovoltaic panel forming process, which can accurately control the forming process of photovoltaic materials, reduce defects and stresses inside the materials, and improve the overall performance and reliability of photovoltaic panels. At the same time, flexible connection components are used for splicing curved photovoltaic panels or connecting them with external equipment, which not only improves the flexibility and reliability of the connection, but also effectively reduces the energy loss caused by improper connection. In addition, the fine edge processing and chamfering processing further enhance the aesthetics and safety of the photovoltaic panels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is the overall process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0039] S1. Preparation of curved photovoltaic panel molds. Based on the curved surface structure requirements of a specific building, a curved photovoltaic panel mold is designed and manufactured. The mold is made of H13 steel. The cavity and core are precisely processed by a CNC machining center to ensure that the curvature is consistent with the target photovoltaic panel. Electric heating rods are installed inside the mold as heating elements, and copper tubes are used as cooling pipes. Circulating water cooling is used. Chemical etching technology is used to construct a micro-nanoscale rough structure on the mold surface. Then, a fluorocarbon polymer is dip-coated to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating.

[0040] S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material is selected, nano-titanium dioxide is added as a nano-additive during the preparation process, the surface of the photovoltaic material sheet is cleaned to remove oil and impurities, and then plasma activation treatment is performed in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of oxygen and argon;

[0041] S3, photovoltaic panel molding, the pre-treated amorphous silicon photovoltaic material is placed in the mold, the vacuum adsorption system is started, the vacuum degree reaches -0.08MPa, and the material is ensured to be closely attached to the mold surface. According to the step-by-step heating and pressurization process, the mold temperature is first raised to 80℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and a pressure of 1MPa is applied at the same time, and maintained for 5min to allow the material to be initially formed. Then, the temperature is raised to 120℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and the pressure is increased to 5MPa, and maintained for 10min. When the temperature and pressure are stable, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, and a magnetic field with a strength of 0.1T is applied perpendicular to the material plane for 3min. After the molding is completed, it is naturally cooled, and the cooling rate is controlled at 5℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, the pressure is released, and the photovoltaic panel is taken out and cooled for 2h;

[0042] S4. Photovoltaic panel encapsulation: a polycarbonate protective film is attached to the front of the photovoltaic panel, a fluoroplastic backsheet is attached to the back, boron nitride is filled between the encapsulation layers as a thermally conductive insulating material, and the encapsulated assembly is placed in a vacuum hot pressing device and hot pressed for 10 minutes under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 0.01 Pa, a temperature of 100°C, and a pressure of 1 MPa;

[0043] S5. Edge processing and connection: The edges of the photovoltaic panels are polished and chamfered with a chamfer radius of 1mm. Conductive silicone is used as the base material of the flexible connection component, and the surface is coated with conductive silver paste. A snap-on structure is used for splicing between photovoltaic panels.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Preparation of curved photovoltaic panel molds. To meet the surface coverage requirements of circular facilities, a circular arc mold is designed and manufactured. Polyetheretherketone is selected as the mold material. The mold heating system uses electric heating wires, and the cooling system uses stainless steel pipe circulating water cooling. Micro-nano structures are constructed on the mold surface through physical vapor deposition technology, and silicone materials are sprayed to form a super-hydrophobic coating.

[0047] S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: using copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material, adding nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide in a ratio of 1:1, mixing the nano additives, cleaning the material surface, and performing plasma activation treatment in a pure argon atmosphere;

[0048] S3, photovoltaic panel molding, placing the material in the mold, and fitting it to the mold by vacuum adsorption to -0.09MPa. During the heating stage, first increase the temperature to 90℃ at 8℃ / min, apply 2MPa pressure and hold for 8min, then increase the temperature to 135℃ at 4℃ / min, increase the pressure to 8MPa and hold for 12min. After the temperature and pressure stabilize, apply a vertical magnetic field with a strength of 0.3T for 4min. After molding, cool naturally at a cooling rate of 6℃ / min. Release the pressure below 50℃ and cool for 2.5h.

[0049] S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, using polyethylene terephthalate protective film and silicone backsheet, with alumina ceramic powder filled in between as thermally conductive insulating material, vacuum hot pressing for 15 minutes under the conditions of vacuum degree 0.05Pa, temperature 110℃, and pressure 2MPa;

[0050] S5, edge processing and connection, the edge chamfer radius is 2mm, the flexible connection component uses an elastic metal sheet substrate, the electroplated metal layer improves conductivity, and an embedded structure is used to connect the photovoltaic panel and external equipment.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Preparation of curved photovoltaic panel molds. The mold curvature is designed based on complex curved architectural surfaces. The mold is made of P20 steel through electrospark machining and wire cutting processes. Heating is done with a heating plate and cooling is done with copper tube circulating water. Plasma treatment technology is used to construct micro-nano structures, and a super-hydrophobic coating is formed by dip coating with a fluorocarbon polymer and silicone hybrid material.

[0054] S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: organic photovoltaic material is selected, a single nano zinc oxide additive is added, and the material surface is cleaned and plasma activated in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon in a ratio of 3:1;

[0055] S3, photovoltaic panel molding, after the material is placed in the mold, vacuum adsorption is performed to -0.1MPa, and when heating, the temperature is first raised to 100℃ at 10℃ / min, and the pressure is maintained at 1MPa for 10min, then the temperature is raised to 150℃ at 5℃ / min, and the pressure is maintained at 10MPa for 15min. After reaching stability, the magnetic field strength is turned on to 0.5T for 5min, and then naturally cooled after molding at a cooling rate of 8℃ / min. The pressure is released below 50℃ and cooled for 3h;

[0056] S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, using polycarbonate film on the front and fluoroplastic backsheet on the back, filled with polyimide-based thermal conductive insulating composite material, vacuum hot pressing for 20 minutes at a vacuum degree of 0.1Pa, temperature of 120℃, and pressure of 3MPa;

[0057] S5, edge processing and connection, the edge chamfer radius is 3mm, the flexible connection component is conductive silicone coated with conductive silver paste, and the adhesive structure is used for photovoltaic panel splicing.

[0058] Experimental test:

[0059] The above-mentioned Examples 1-3 are used as examples, a curved photovoltaic panel prepared by conventional technology is used as comparative example 1, and a photovoltaic panel prepared by common mold and some improved technology is used as comparative example 2. The performance tests are performed on them respectively. The test steps are as follows:

[0060] Photovoltaic conversion efficiency testing uses a solar simulator to simulate standard sunlight conditions (irradiance of 1000W / m², AM1.5 spectrum). Place the curved photovoltaic panel sample on the test platform and adjust the panel angle so that it is perpendicular to the incident light to ensure uniform illumination. Connect the photovoltaic panel to a power analyzer and measure the panel's output power under stable illumination. Record the data and calculate the photovoltaic conversion efficiency using the formula: Photovoltaic conversion efficiency = (output power / incident light power) × 100%. Test each sample three times and take the average value.

[0061] Flexibility testing uses a bending test device that can precisely control the bending radius and angle. A curved photovoltaic panel sample is fixed to the test device and the bending radius is gradually reduced from the initial state. After each bend, the panel is held for a certain period of time (e.g., 5 minutes) to observe whether cracks, delamination, or other damage appear on the surface. The minimum bending radius that the panel can withstand is recorded, as well as the changes in appearance at different bending radii, to assess flexibility.

[0062] Heat dissipation performance test: When the curved photovoltaic panel is in operation, its surface temperature is monitored in real time using an infrared thermal imager. After a period of stable operation (e.g., 1 hour), the maximum and average surface temperatures of the photovoltaic panel are recorded. At the same time, temperature sensors are installed at key locations inside the photovoltaic panel (e.g., near the cells) to measure the internal temperature. The internal temperature is then compared with the surface temperature data to evaluate the heat dissipation performance.

[0063] Weather resistance testing uses accelerated aging test equipment to simulate harsh environmental conditions of high temperature, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation. Curved photovoltaic panel samples are placed in the test equipment and aged according to a predetermined cycle (such as high temperature 85°C / high humidity 85%RH / ultraviolet radiation 8h, low temperature -40°C / 4g as one cycle). Samples are taken out at regular intervals (such as 500h) for photoelectric conversion efficiency testing, and changes in sample appearance (such as color fading, surface corrosion, encapsulation layer cracking, etc.) are observed. The data is recorded and the weather resistance is evaluated.

[0064] According to the above test steps, the test data of each embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 are shown in the following table:

[0065]

[0066] It is worth noting that, in Comparative Example 1, the existing conventional curved photovoltaic panel preparation process is adopted, the mold is an ordinary steel mold, without special curvature adjustment and surface treatment; the photovoltaic material is traditional amorphous silicon, no special nano-additives are added and the pretreatment is simple; the molding process is conventional hot pressing molding, without magnetic field assistance; the packaging adopts an ordinary single-layer packaging structure, without special thermal conductive insulating material filling; the edge treatment is rough, and the connection method is simple welding.

[0067] In comparative example 2, in terms of mold preparation, an ordinary aluminum alloy mold is used, which has a certain curvature but cannot be adjusted, and the mold surface is not treated with micro-nanostructure; copper indium gallium selenide is selected as the photovoltaic material, but it is not fully pretreated; step-by-step heating and pressurization are used during the molding process but without magnetic field assistance; the packaging structure is a double-layer structure, but the performance of the thermal conductive insulation material is average; the edge treatment is average, and the flexibility of the connecting components is poor.

[0068] According to the data in the above table:

[0069] In terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the embodiments of the present invention optimize the crystal structure and electrical properties of new, efficient flexible photovoltaic materials (such as amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, and organic photovoltaic materials in the embodiments), add nano-additives, and introduce magnetic field-assisted technology during the molding process, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In comparison, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have lower photoelectric conversion efficiencies due to material and process limitations.

[0070] In terms of flexibility, the present invention focuses on precise adjustment of the curvature in mold design, uses flexible photovoltaic materials in material selection, and considers flexibility in packaging and connection components. This allows the curved photovoltaic panel to maintain good performance without damage at a small bending radius. The conventional process of Comparative Example 1 performs poorly in terms of flexibility and is prone to cracking. Although Comparative Example 2 has some improvements, it is still inferior to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] In terms of heat dissipation performance, the present invention fills special thermally conductive insulating materials (such as boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder, and polyimide-based thermally conductive insulating composite materials) between the packaging layers and combines them with a vacuum hot pressing process to effectively improve heat dissipation performance and reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Comparative Examples 1 and 2, due to the packaging structure and materials, have poor heat dissipation effects, resulting in high surface temperatures, which affect the long-term stability and efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0072] In terms of weather resistance, the present invention improves the weather resistance of the curved photovoltaic panel through special treatment of the mold surface (super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating), optimized material selection, and improved packaging structure and process. It can still maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency after a long-term aging test. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 perform poorly in terms of weather resistance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases significantly after aging, and the appearance shows more damage.

[0073] In summary, through comparative tests with the comparative examples, the present invention has made significant progress in the preparation process of curved photovoltaic panels, and can prepare curved photovoltaic panels with better performance and better adaptability to various application scenarios.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, characterized by: The specific steps include: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold: preparing a mold with an arc. The mold is made of a material with high strength, high temperature resistance and good demoulding performance. The mold is provided with a heating and cooling system. The surface of the mold is treated with micro-nano structure to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The micro-nano structure treatment technology is used to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The specific method is to use chemical etching, physical vapor deposition or plasma treatment technology to construct a micro-nanoscale rough structure on the surface of the mold, and then apply a material with super-hydrophobic properties to the surface of the mold by dip coating and spraying to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The super-hydrophobic material includes a fluorocarbon polymer and an organosilicon material. S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: flexible photovoltaic materials are selected, nano-additives are added during the material preparation process, and the photovoltaic materials are pretreated, including surface cleaning and plasma activation treatment; S3, photovoltaic panel forming, the pre-treated photovoltaic material is placed in the mold of step S1, so that it is initially fitted with the cavity surface, and the photovoltaic material is tightly fitted to the mold surface through vacuum adsorption. A step-by-step heating and pressurization process is adopted to initially form the photovoltaic material at a lower temperature and pressure, and then gradually increase the temperature and pressure. The magnetic field assist technology is introduced in the forming process to apply a magnetic field of a specific direction and intensity. Specifically, when the temperature and pressure in the mold reach the second stage set value and stabilize, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, and the magnetic field direction is adjusted to be perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic material. The magnetic field intensity is set between 0.1T and 0.5T. During this time, the magnetic field acts on the carriers in the photovoltaic material, changing their motion trajectory, promoting the migration and separation of carriers within the material, and optimizing the crystal structure and electrical properties of the material. Under the assistance of the magnetic field, the high temperature and high pressure state is maintained for 3-5 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material completes the final molding process in the magnetic field environment, giving full play to the improvement effect of the magnetic field on the material performance. Finally, the heating is stopped, the pressure is kept constant, and the mold and photovoltaic panel are allowed to gradually cool down under natural cooling conditions. The cooling rate is controlled at 5℃-8℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, the pressure is slowly released to zero, the formed curved photovoltaic panel is taken out, and cooled for ≥2h; S4, photovoltaic panel encapsulation, adopts a multi-layer composite encapsulation structure, with a transparent high-strength protective film and a weather-resistant backsheet set on the front and back of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and a special thermally conductive insulating material filled between the encapsulation layers. The encapsulation process is carried out in a vacuum environment and adopts hot pressing technology; S5. Edge processing and connection: finely polish and chamfer the edges of the curved photovoltaic panels, and use flexible connection components for splicing between curved photovoltaic panels or connecting with external equipment. The connection components are made of conductive elastic material.

2. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the specifications of the mold need to be set according to the curved structure of the specific building or the surface coverage of the circular facility required by the photovoltaic panel, and the surface shapes of the mold cavity and core are set according to the curvature of the curved photovoltaic panel.

3. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the mold is made of special alloy steel or high-performance engineering plastic, wherein the special alloy steel includes any one of H13 steel containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium elements or P20 steel containing chromium, nickel, and molybdenum elements, and the high-performance engineering plastic includes any one of polyetheretherketone or polyimide; The heating system uses electric heating elements; The cooling system adopts circulating water cooling.

4. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the flexible photovoltaic material specifically includes any one of amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material, copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material or organic photovoltaic material, the nano-additive includes any one of nano titanium dioxide or nano zinc oxide or a combination of two in a 1:1 ratio, and the plasma activation treatment in the pretreatment of the flexible photovoltaic material is carried out under a specific gas atmosphere of oxygen and argon.

5. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, when the photovoltaic material is tightly attached to the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, the predetermined vacuum degree of the vacuum adsorption is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

6. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the heating and pressurizing process in the molding process is divided into two stages: In the first heating stage, the mold temperature is slowly raised to 80-100°C, with a heating rate of 5-10°C / min. In the first pressurization stage, the pressure is 1MPa-3MPa for 5-10 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material begins to soften and initially fills the mold cavity, adapting to the shape of the mold. In the second heating stage, the mold temperature is continued to rise to 120℃-150℃, and the heating rate is adjusted to 3℃-5℃ / min. In the second pressurization stage, the molding pressure is 5MPa-10MPa, and the duration is 10-15min.

7. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the material of the protective film is polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate, the material of the back plate is fluoroplastic or silicone material, and the special thermal conductive insulating material includes any one of boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder and polyimide-based thermal conductive insulating composite material; The vacuum hot pressing process in the packaging process has a vacuum degree of 0.01-0.1Pa, a temperature of 100℃-120℃, a pressure of 1-3MPa, and a time of 10-20min.

8. The process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the chamfer radius in the edge processing is 1-3 mm, the base material of the flexible connection component is conductive silicone or elastic metal sheet, the surface is coated with conductive silver paste or electroplated metal layer, and the connection component adopts a snap-on, embedded or adhesive structure.

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