Industrial machine with liquid dielectric breakdown

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas brings energy overriding and environmental disruption. However, the liquefied natural gas is a liquid dielectric medium, can be easily liquefied by pressurizing at room temperature, can be expanded by more than 250 times in volume during gasification, and is relatively high in dielectric constant and relatively low in voltage resistance. As a capacitor, such a liquid dielectric is considered; the energy of the liquid dielectric capacitor is consumed inside the capacitor for an engine, welding or buoyancy gas generation, or is consumed outside the capacitor for use as an on-board capacitor for a vehicle. [Solution] A liquid dielectric capacitor is considered as a dielectric breakdown induced igniter that can replace a conventional spark plug. In order to utilize the principle of such an igniter as an energy source for an engine, a welding device or a buoyancy bag for lifting a subsea resource, an electrical charge is applied to the liquid dielectric thin layer, and then the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is made close to zero to cause dielectric breakdown, or the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is increased to cause breakdown of the liquid dielectric thin layer. A high voltage source is established for a vehicle-mounted capacitor of the vehicle. Therefore, a world without environmental damage is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention utilizes pulse heat caused by breakdown of liquid dielectric to form a capacitor, which is used for surface welding, engines or buoyancy bags for exploiting seabed resources, or is used as a vehicle-mounted high-voltage capacitor to achieve energy saving by improving dielectric strength. Background Art

[0002] To increase the capacitance (C) of a capacitor, it is necessary to increase the surface area (S) and dielectric constant (ε) of the electrodes and reduce the thickness (d) of the dielectric (C = εS / d). In this way, the maximum capacitance is obtained by making the dielectric layer (d) closer to zero. However, if the thickness (d) of the dielectric is further reduced or a strong electric field is applied, it will cause dielectric breakdown and the energy stored in the dielectric will be lost at this point.

[0003] If the dielectric is a liquid, the liquid dielectric will form a jump conduction or dielectric breakdown precursor area under pressure due to the action of charge. Under the action of high electric field, the current increases rapidly, causing the liquid dielectric to be broken down. This instantaneous discharge causes the temperature in the 5×10-11cc area to rise by an average of 70°C, and the temperature rises to 1,000°C within 0.1μs, causing a peripheral effect and reducing the breakdown voltage.

[0004] On the other hand, if the thickness of the dielectric (d) is further increased, the capacitance will decrease, but the withstand voltage will increase, and the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor (W=CV2 / 2) will be proportional to the voltage (V).

[0005] As shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, electric double layer capacitors with extremely large capacitance have attracted attention because the thickness of the dielectric layer is a monomolecular layer (approximately ), so it can achieve large capacitance. However, the withstand voltage of double-layer capacitors is low, at 0.7V. If the withstand voltage is to be increased, it can only be increased by connecting in series. If the insulating layer of a pure water capacitor is made of pure water, the dielectric strength of pure water is 70V / μ, so when the thickness of the pure water layer is 10μ, the withstand voltage can reach 700V.

[0006] If the electrolyte in the double layer is assumed to be water and the dielectric strength is 0.7V, then the electrostatic energy (W) is W = εS0.72 / 20 = 1.96S.

[0007] On the other hand, in a pure water capacitor with a withstand voltage of 700V, the thickness of the dielectric (d) is as thick as 10μ The capacitance is as low as 1 / 1000 of that of a double-layer capacitor. However, the electrostatic energy (W) is W = εS7002 / 20000 = 1960S, so the electrostatic energy per unit area of ​​a pure water capacitor is 1000 times that of a double-layer capacitor.

[0008] Today's automotive power supplies are generally made up of 100 lithium-ion batteries connected in series, which are then converted into 600V three-phase AC power through an inverter to drive a three-phase motor.

[0009] The present invention realizes a pure water capacitor with an electrostatic energy 1000 times that of a double-layer capacitor. In addition, if pure water is replaced with glycerol (dielectric constant ε = 47) with a dielectric strength of 170V / μ, the dielectric thickness (d) at a withstand voltage of 700V is 4.12μ Therefore, the electrostatic energy (W) of the glycerol capacitor is W = εS7002 / 2d = 2795S, which is 1426 times that of the double-layer capacitor. We believe that high-voltage capacitors that are not limited to double-layer capacitors and that can simultaneously exert both withstand voltage and electrostatic capacity will surely promote the development of the industry.

[0010] Citation List

[0011] Patent Literature

[0012] Patent Document 1: PCT / JP2014 / 073687

[0013] Patent Document 2: PCT / JP2017 / 015029

[0014] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 3527969

[0015] Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 5651871

[0016] Non-patent literature

[0017] Non-patent document 1: Dielectric strength of insulating materials LIBerger-Carbon, 2006-thevespiary.org

[0018] Non-patent document 2: Dielectric Phenomenon Theory, p.332, Japan Institute of Electrical Engineers (1991). Summary of the invention

[0019] Problems to be solved by the present invention

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to form a variable capacitance capacitor using a thin layer of liquid dielectric that changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase, and to utilize the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor. Two significant features are that the thin layer of liquid dielectric constituting the capacitor is made very thin, or a strong electric field is applied to cause dielectric breakdown so that the generated pulse heat is instantly consumed inside the capacitor, and the thin layer of liquid dielectric is thickened to increase the withstand voltage so that the stored high electrostatic energy can be consumed for a long time outside the capacitor.

[0021] The present invention is different from the previous method in that the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric thin layer and the withstand voltage accompanied by dielectric breakdown are controlled by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer constituting the capacitor, and the high-voltage capacitor used for surface welding, engines, buoyancy bags or automobiles is used. Specifically, the liquid dielectric has a higher dielectric constant than the gas dielectric, and the capacitance can be changed. Then the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is made close to zero, causing dielectric breakdown, and the stored charge is converted into heat energy inside the liquid dielectric thin layer for surface welding; or, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is increased, and charged under high withstand voltage, and then the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is reduced to induce dielectric breakdown, and the stored charge is converted into a thermal energy thin layer in the liquid dielectric body, and the volume expansion of the generated gasified gas is used for volume expansion engines such as rotary engines, reciprocating engines, jet engines, etc. that do not involve combustion, or for buoyancy bags for mining deep-sea resources; or, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer constituting the capacitor is increased to increase the electrostatic energy under high withstand voltage, and the stored charge is used for an energy storage device outside the liquid dielectric thin layer system.

[0022] In order to make a high voltage variable capacitance capacitor, a liquid dielectric with high dielectric strength and whose dielectric thickness (d) can be freely changed must be used.

[0023] Liquid dielectrics with high dielectric strength include glycerol (170V / μ), benzene (163V / μ), nitrobenzene (130V / μ), pure water (70V / μ), and insulating oil (60-100V / μ). Substances with high dielectric constants include pure water (ε=88), formic acid (ε=58.5), glycerol (ε=47), nitrobenzene (ε=34.8), methanol (ε=32.6), ethanol (ε=24.3), acetone (ε=20.7), ammonia (ε=15-25), butane (ε=20), carbon dioxide (ε=1.6), benzene (ε=2.3), xylene (ε=2.3), carbon disulfide (ε=2.64), toluene (ε=2.39), carbon tetrachloride (ε=2.2), and silicone oil (ε=2.2). On the other hand, liquids with higher dielectric constants include pure water (ε=88, 70 V / μ), formic acid (ε=58.5), glycerol (ε=47, 170 V / μ), nitrobenzene (ε=34.8, 130 V / μ), methanol (ε=32.6, 80 V / μ), ethanol (ε=23, 80 V / μ), acetone (ε=20.7, 64 V / μ), ammonia (ε=15-25), butane (ε=20), carbon disulfide (ε=2.64, 140 V / μ), toluene (ε=2.39, 130 V / μ), benzene (ε=2.3, 163 V / μ), xylene (ε=2.3, 150 V / μ), silicone oil (ε=2.2, 8 V / μ), insulating oil (ε=2.2, 60-100 V / μ), and carbon dioxide (ε=1.6). Among them, the materials with high dielectric strength and large dielectric constant include pure water (70V / μ, ε=88), glycerol (ε=47, 170V / μ), and nitrobenzene (ε=34.8, 130V / μ).

[0024] In order to cause dielectric breakdown after applying charge to the capacitor and use it as a heat source for surface welding, as long as the capacitance is large, it does not matter if the withstand voltage is low. In particular, when causing dielectric breakdown, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is minimized, so the capacitance will naturally increase, and the withstand voltage will drop sharply. On the other hand, when using it as a heat source for a volume expansion engine, a large amount of vaporized gas is required, so it is necessary to thicken the liquefied gas layer as a liquid dielectric and apply a high voltage, or spread localized

[0025] Dielectric breakdown is caused by electron breakdown, resulting in dielectric breakdown occurring at low voltage in a short time.

[0026] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to induce dielectric breakdown in a thin layer of liquid dielectric sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces, consume the charge stored in the liquid dielectric in the form of pulse heat, and weld the pair of solid surfaces (substrates) together using pulse heat, or expand the liquid dielectric into a gaseous state using pulse heating to serve as the main driving force of the engine. Also, or provide a capacitor for a high-voltage DC power supply whose withstand voltage is increased by increasing the thickness of the thin layer of liquid dielectric.

[0027] Means of solving the problem

[0028] A capacitor comprising a sealed electrode cavity in which a fluid dielectric composed of a liquid dielectric containing liquefied gas or pure water and / or a gas dielectric made by evaporation of said liquid dielectric is sandwiched in a gap between a pair of positive and negative electrodes, the electrodes being composed of a metal and / or a solid dielectric having a flat or curved surface, and the fluid dielectric being surrounded by an insulating compartment wall including an atmospheric wall due to a meniscus force;

[0029] The capacitor is a variable capacitance capacitor, in which a pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device for controlling the fluid medium in the sealed electrode chamber is installed. The pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device has at least one of the following functions: liquid thickness adjustment function, opening / closing insulation partition wall function, pressurization function, pressure-applying / drive transmission function, dielectric breakdown induction function, critical temperature control function, coolant cooling function, thermoelectric element cooling function, support mobile wall, and charging control function.

[0030] The pressure-giving / pressure-receiving device of the variable capacitance capacitor has a liquid thickness adjustment function, which causes dielectric breakdown by reducing the thickness of the liquid dielectric and / or applying a strong electric field to the liquid dielectric, or makes a high dielectric strength capacitor by increasing the thickness of the liquid dielectric.

[0031] When the dielectric breakdown is induced, the variable capacitance capacitor is charged using a charge control function, and then the liquid dielectric strength is broken down to the gap between the positive and negative electrodes by shortening the distance between the positive and negative electrodes and / or applying a voltage higher than its dielectric, thereby generating pulse heat.

[0032] It is suggested that this pulse heat be used in welding devices, devices for instantaneous ejection of expanding gas, engine devices, buoyancy devices for seabed resource mining, steam engine devices, and spark gaps traditionally used as gas ignition devices in internal combustion engines. Instead, it can be used as a driving energy source for pulse heating.

[0033] The gas jet medium breakdown induction igniter is a device which generates a gaseous medium by breaking through a liquid medium and uses the generated pulse heat to vaporize and expand the liquid medium in a sealed electrode chamber.

[0034] The welding device is a device that uses pulse heat generated by the breakdown of liquid dielectrics to join a pair of metals and / or solid dielectrics sandwiching liquid dielectrics, and is capable of joining metal to base material and base material together, without being limited to conventional metal welding.

[0035] This device for instantaneously ejecting expanding gas is used in rockets and blasting devices; the gas ejection medium breakdown induction igniter is filled with pressurized liquefied gas at room temperature composed of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of more than 273K, the insulating partition wall is sealed, and the insulating partition wall has an opening and closing function. Then, a voltage higher than the dielectric strength is applied to cause the breakdown of the liquid dielectric, thereby converting the generated ejected gas into thrust or explosive force.

[0036] The engine device includes a reciprocating engine, a rotary engine with a circular rotor, or a rotary engine with a spherical triangular rotor, which repeats the operation of converting the expansion gas of the gas pressurized and liquefied at room temperature from the gas injection device into the liquid gas, the injection medium breakdown induction igniter, the pressure application / drive transmission function is converted into driving power, and the operation of pressurizing and reliquefying the gaseous medium using part of the driving power.

[0037] This seabed resource exploitation buoyancy device has the function of adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure, and the liquid medium of the injected gas jet medium breakdown induction igniter is a liquefied gas device, which is composed of homonuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273K or lower, and its volume expansion is accompanied by the vaporization of the liquid dielectric made of pressurized liquefied gas at room temperature or pressurized liquefied gas at low temperature, which is repeated many times, and the gaseous dielectric is injected into the buoyancy bag, thereby adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure during the descent and ascent to the seabed.

[0038] When the liquid medium used in the device for instantaneously ejecting expansion gas or the engine device is pure water, this steam engine device repeatedly causes medium breakdown in the pure water, vaporizes and expands the steam through pulse heat, converts the steam into driving force through the pressurization / drive transmission function, vaporizes and expands the steam, converts the steam into driving force through pulse heat, and then reliquefies the steam. The expansion steam has a pressurization effect and utilizes part of the driving force.

[0039] The high withstand voltage variable high voltage power supply uses a pressurizing / pressurizing device to increase the thickness of the liquid dielectric, and then charges the variable capacitance capacitor with a high voltage to make it a high withstand voltage device.

[0040] Here, the pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device has at least one of the following functions: a liquid thickness adjustment function for controlling the layer thickness of the liquid dielectric; a dielectric breakdown induction function for inducing dielectric breakdown by reducing the layer thickness of the liquid dielectric to near zero; a function of opening / closing the insulating partition wall for releasing the gaseous dielectric (i.e., evaporated liquid dielectric) out of the system through the insulating partition wall; a pressurizing function for liquefying the gaseous dielectric; a coolant cooling function for liquefying homonuclear diatomic molecular gases having a critical temperature of 273K or lower; a critical temperature control function for suppressing the reliquefaction of the broken-down gaseous dielectric caused by the self-generated pressure of the gaseous dielectric; a charging and discharging control function, It has the functions of charging the capacitor before dielectric breakdown, applying a higher electric field to induce dielectric breakdown, and cutting off the power supply of the charger when dielectric breakdown occurs; a thermoelectric element cooling function, which is used as an auxiliary device to reduce the boiling point of low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas, which is Ne gas pressurized and liquefied in a gas atmosphere pressurized and liquefied at room temperature; a pressure application / drive transmission function, which is used to convert the expanded vaporized gas during the evaporation of the liquid dielectric into energy; a function of supporting the moving wall, which pressurizes the pressure contact surface between the piston head and the cylinder surface of the reciprocating engine or between the rotor and the housing of the rotary engine, and these pressure contact surfaces jointly undertake the pressurization function and the pressure application function / drive transmission function.

[0041] There is at least one capacitor with a thin layer of liquid dielectric sandwiched between its positive and negative electrodes, and the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor is consumed inside or outside the thin layer of liquid dielectric.

[0042] When controlling the energy consumption of the liquid dielectric thin layer under pressure, it is necessary to set the external pressure pressurizing device 8, as well as the refrigerant 135 and / or the electronic refrigeration element 136 for cooling the supercritical state, as the transition control function 29 is used to change the liquid dielectric thin layer into a gas phase or a supercritical state, or from a gas phase to a liquid phase, or to increase the density of the liquid layer in the supercritical state, because the "transition stage between liquid phase / gas phase" is caused by "increasing / decreasing gas pressure" and / or "presence / absence of cooling".

[0043] Figure 1 A flow chart of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 (A) is a schematic diagram of using meniscus force to form a flawless thin liquid capsule (=liquid dielectric thin layer) and generating capacitance and electrostatic energy by changing the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer. Figure 1 (B) shows the case where the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is shortened through the withstand voltage control function 128 to induce dielectric breakdown to maximize the capacitance Cd = lim[d→0]Sε /

[0044] When d=∞, dielectric breakdown will occur, and when d=0, dielectric breakdown will occur. Through the withstand voltage control function, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is increased to enhance the withstand voltage. Figure 1 (C) is a schematic diagram of a gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter (a substitute for a traditional engine spark plug). The following shows the electrode structure by industry application classification (high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supply, surface welding, gasified gas volume expansion drive device, buoyancy bag for seabed resource development, hydrocarbon composite material).

[0045] For variable high voltage power supplies with high dielectric strength, the metal electrodes are made of parallel plates or coaxial cones;

[0046] For surface welding, a pair of solid surfaces sandwiching a liquid dielectric are welded together, metals together, nonmetals together, or metal and base metal;

[0047] Used in gasification gas volume expansion drive devices (rocket, blasting, reciprocating engine, rotor engine) and buoyancy bags for exploiting seabed resources, the metal electrodes are composed of parallel plates, coaxial cylinders, coaxial cones, coaxial multi-stage cylinders, and concentric spheres;

[0048] In synthetic chemical equipment, metal electrodes are made of parallel plates. In addition, the types of liquid dielectrics and the functions provided to the pressure-giving / pressure-receiving device for controlling the liquid dielectric are shown through the classification of industrial uses. These functions include liquid thickness adjustment function, opening / closing insulation partition wall function, pressurization function, pressure application / drive transmission function, dielectric breakdown induction function, critical temperature control function, coolant cooling function, thermoelectric element cooling function, support moving wall function, and charging control function. The variable capacitance capacitor is equipped with a pressure-giving / pressure-receiving device having at least one of the above functions to control the liquid dielectric. Finally, the equipment of industrial application equipment is listed.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown in (A), a pair of solid surfaces (plates) 2 and 3 sandwich a thin layer of liquid dielectric 7 constituting a capacitor;

[0050] A thin layer of liquid dielectric 7 between a pair of solid surfaces forms a flawless thin liquid capsule 6 with a uniform thickness and a strong outer wall that does not allow any liquid to leak out of the system through the meniscus force;

[0051] The perfect thin liquid capsule 6 is formed by the meniscus force, the capsule wall is extremely thin and the thickness is uniform, and the liquid will not leak out of the system; this is the first element of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 1(A) is a schematic diagram of a flawless thin liquid capsule 6 formed by using meniscus force. The liquid dielectric 5 is inserted between a pair of solid surfaces a, b (substrate) 2, 3 placed in an insulating fluid 1 composed of air or insulating oil by using a liquid pressurizing device 4. The liquid dielectric 5 and the pair of solid surfaces a, b (substrate) 2, 3 are pulled against each other due to the interfacial tension between the pair of solid surfaces a, b (substrate) 2, 3 and the insulating fluid 1, forming a solid outer wall of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 sandwiched between the pair of solid surfaces a, b (substrate) 2, 3. Thus, a perfect thin liquid capsule 6 is formed, which has an extremely thin and uniformly thick wall, and does not allow any liquid to leak from the system. The flawless thin liquid capsule 6 is a liquid dielectric thin layer 7 with ultra-high capacitance;

[0053] Interface control function, controlling the interface state between the insulating fluid 1 and the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 through the meniscus force;

[0054] A liquid pressurizing device 4, used for injecting the liquid dielectric 5 into the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 or discharging the liquid dielectric 5 from the liquid dielectric thin layer 7;

[0055] An external pressure applying device 8 for pressurizing or depressurizing the thin layer of liquid dielectric between the positive and negative electrodes;

[0056] The withstand voltage control function 128 controls the withstand voltage by expanding and contracting the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 through the external pressure pressurizing device 8;

[0057] After having the above functions, the dielectric breakdown is induced or the withstand voltage is increased through the withstand voltage control function 128, which is the second element of the present invention.

[0058] Conventionally, a gasket is inserted between a pair of solid surfaces (flat plates) 2, 3 to increase the withstand voltage. However, an elastic gasket is required to change the withstand voltage, and its control is complicated. Therefore, in the present invention, the following is provided: an insulating fluid pressurizing tool 9 for injecting / discharging the insulating fluid 1 in contact with the outer wall of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7;

[0059] External pressure pressurizing device 8 for controlling transition control function 29;

[0060] Cooling devices (refrigerant, electronic cooling elements) 135, 136 for cooling the space between a pair of solid surfaces when the transition control function 29 is applied to the supercritical state;

[0061] A charger 12, for charging the capacitor between the positive and negative electrodes 10, 11 after setting the required charging voltage, and having a withstand voltage control function 128;

[0062] The charge / discharge control function 13 repeatedly charges and discharges the liquid dielectric thin layer.

[0063] When the static energy inside the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is consumed, after applying a charge to the liquid dielectric thin layer 7, dielectric breakdown is induced through the withstand voltage control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function, or a voltage equal to or greater than the withstand voltage is applied to the liquid dielectric thin layer 7. The extremely short pulse heat generated by the dielectric breakdown can be used as a heat source for surface welding or as a heat source for volume expansion engines such as reciprocating engines and rotary engines, or as a heat source for blasting devices and rocket engines, or for evaporating the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 in a volume expansion device composed of buoyancy bags, for exploiting deep-sea resources, or as a heat source for the vaporized gas generated by the extremely short pulse heat and the mixed gas to undergo a synthetic chemical reaction.

[0064] In particular, for engines utilizing the volume expansion of vaporized gas, the sealed electrode chamber for breaking through the liquid dielectric is relatively large so as to generate the required vaporized gas in a short time, and the metal plates (piston head 31) of the positive and negative electrodes of the vaporized gas nozzle close to the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145 are most suitable for effectively inducing local dielectric breakdown ( Figure 1 (C)).

[0065] On the other hand, dielectric breakdown is strictly prohibited when electrostatic energy is consumed outside the liquid dielectric thin layer 7. The liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is thickened through the withstand voltage control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function, and is charged in a state where the dielectric strength is set to a desired withstand voltage or higher, so that the accumulated charge can be released to be used as a capacitor for a high voltage DC power supply.

[0066] When the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is used for surface welding, pure water, oil, aromatic compounds, alcohol, etc. can be used. In particular, pure water has a high dielectric constant (ε=88) and dielectric strength (70V / μ), is the safest of all chemical substances, and is a resource that does not have regional uneven distribution and depletion problems. Pure water can be used for surface welding, but oil can be used for absorbent substrates, hydrocarbons can be used for plastic parts, and silicone oil can be used for ceramic parts. For surface welding, dielectric breakdown will occur, so the size of the dielectric strength is irrelevant, and since the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is as close to 0 as possible, the capacitance becomes higher, and the size of the dielectric constant is not very relevant. In addition, the interfacial tension between a pair of solid surfaces and the liquid dielectric thin layer 7, and the interfacial tension between the insulator and the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 constitute a meniscus force. The liquid dielectric layer 7 formed by this meniscus force is regarded as a sealed container.

[0067] In addition, the insulator is an insulating fluid such as gas, air, insulating oil, alcohol, aromatic compound, or a solid insulator such as fluororesin, aromatic resin, mica, quartz glass, etc. However, it is strictly forbidden to use insulating liquid and liquid dielectric made of the same substance. The insulating fluid and solid insulator are necessary to prevent surface discharge from occurring on the outer wall of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7.

[0068] This creeping discharge prevention is necessary for a high-voltage DC power supply, and in the case of surface welding, the insulating fluid is air, and a solid liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is naturally formed. On the other hand, in the case of a high-voltage DC power supply, as described in non-patent document 1, a solid insulator or insulating fluid 1 having a high dielectric strength is required, but in the case of a variable high-voltage DC power supply, an insulating fluid 1 made of liquid is required. However, carbon tetrachloride (ε = 2.2, 160 V / μ), benzene (ε = 2.3, 150 V / μ), xylene (ε = 2.3, 150 V / μ), carbon disulfide (ε = 2.64, 140 V / μ), toluene (ε = 2.39, 130 V / μ), nitrobenzene (ε = 34.8, 130 V / μ), etc. have high dielectric strength but are toxic and are not suitable for the insulating fluid 1. Therefore, it is best to use non-toxic glycerin (ε = 47, 170 V / μ) or insulating oil 126, and select a liquid dielectric 5 having a dielectric strength close to that of the insulating oil 126. Considering these factors, the combination of pure water dielectric and insulating oil is considered to be optimal.

[0069] In addition, when used for gasification gas volume expansion drive devices (reciprocating engines, rotary engines, rocket engines, blasting devices) and buoyancy bags for exploiting seabed resources, liquefied gas is required, but it is best to use gas with a boiling point close to room temperature or low temperature. However, for gases that are difficult to gasify in extremely cold environments, mixed gases are used.

[0070] Pure water vaporizes at 100°C to generate water vapor, which expands about 1,300 times in volume; however, when the temperature is below the boiling point, it condenses and the volume expansion pressure immediately decreases. Therefore, when the ambient temperature is below 100°C at 1 atmosphere, there is no need to handle water vapor. By utilizing these properties, liquefied gas can be generated without the need to pressurize the gasified gas (water vapor), and dielectric breakdown of the liquefied gas (pure water) can be caused at low pressure.

[0071] When used in variable high voltage DC power supplies, nitrobenzene is attractive because of its high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength, but its strong odor and toxicity make pure water or glycerine preferable from an industrial point of view.

[0072] Figure 2 for Figure 1 (B) Schematic diagram of the pressurized charging and discharging control function device in various industrial application fields in the flow chart. Figure 2 (A) is the case of insulation breakdown / with (low withstand voltage), (B) is the case of insulation breakdown / without (high withstand voltage), (a) is surface welding, (b) is the vaporized gas volume expansion drive device (engine), and (c) is a variable high voltage power supply with high dielectric strength.

[0073] The charge and discharge control function 13 performs high-speed charging or high-capacity discharge of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 to prevent over-discharge and promote recharging after discharge.

[0074] Figure 2 (A) shows that the electric field withstand voltage of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is low, inducing dielectric breakdown and adapting to the situation of surface welding (a) and volume expansion engine (engine) (b).

[0075] Figure 2 (B) indicates that the electric field of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 has a high pressure resistance, and the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is increased to improve the pressure resistance, which is used for a variable high dielectric strength high voltage power supply (c). In the charging circuit of the charge and discharge control function 13, the charger 12 whose voltage is set according to the application is connected in parallel with the large-capacity first capacitor (C1) 16 via the first switch (S1) 14, and supplies power to the variable capacitance liquid dielectric capacitor 26 formed by the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 constituting each application device.

[0076] The application of the charge and discharge control function 13 is divided into the cases of dielectric breakdown induction and high voltage DC power supply.

[0077] When applied to dielectric breakdown sensing,

[0078] Setting the second switch 15 to connect the variable capacitance liquid dielectric capacitor 26 to the first capacitor (C1) 16;

[0079] For a volume expansion engine that requires high-speed charging and repeated frequent charging and discharging, the first switch (S1) 14 is turned on, and while charging the first capacitor (C1) 16, the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 uses the charge of the large-capacity first capacitor (C1) 16 to quickly charge, and closes the second switch (S2) 15 before the dielectric breakdown to prevent the first capacitor (C1) 16 from over-discharging due to dielectric breakdown.

[0080] For surface welding, large-capacity discharge is required, and the charge and discharge frequency is relatively low, such as Figure 2 As shown in (A), the first switch (S1) 14 is turned on to charge the first capacitor (C1) 16. Then, when the first switch (S1) 14 is turned off and the second switch (S2) 15 is turned on, surface welding is performed, and the charge of the first capacitor (C1) 16 is used to supplement the thermal energy of intermolecular force surface welding.

[0081] When applied to high voltage DC power supply,

[0082] like Figure 2As shown in (B), the first switch (S1) 14 is turned on, and the high-voltage and large-capacity first capacitor (C1) 16 is charged in advance. The charger 12 is set to high voltage, and then the first switch (S1) 14 and the second switch (S2) 15 are turned on, and the third switch (S3) 17 is turned off, and the variable liquid dielectric capacitor (C d )24 (variable high-voltage capacitor) is charged at an ultra-high speed, and then the third switch (S3) 17 is turned on, connecting the load 18 for high-speed charging.

[0083] The present invention is to develop an electrode that can induce dielectric breakdown instantly after maintaining a high charge in a suitable amount of liquid dielectric, and induce dielectric breakdown through the peripheral effect caused by the propagation of local discharge. The positive and negative electrodes are made of metal and / or non-metal and have any of the following shapes; parallel plate electrodes: coaxial cylindrical electrodes: coaxial circular surface electrodes, including coaxial multi-stage cylinders, in which the coaxial cone or the cone of the coaxial cone is replaced by a multi-stage cylinder; and coaxial concave / convex conical electrodes, having concentric spherical electrodes or conical electrodes with concave and convex surfaces as a pair.

[0084] In order to increase the dielectric breakdown energy, it is necessary to increase the capacitance (C=Sε / d) of the capacitor sandwiching the liquid dielectric thin layer 6 and reduce the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric 5 and the thin layer. Therefore, the contact area (S) between the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 and the electrode surface (solid surface) 2, 3 is very large, and the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is very small, thereby increasing the dielectric constant (ε). The feature of the present invention is to increase the dielectric constant through the liquefied gas. In addition, the shape of the opposite surface of the electrode surface (solid surface) is made into one dimension, two dimensions or three dimensions.

[0085] Schematic diagram of parallel plate electrodes and coaxial cylindrical / conical electrodes (d, g, j, m) is shown in Figure 3 (A) (a) and Figure 3 As shown in (B).

[0086] 1) In a one-dimensional parallel plate electrode (a), when a charge Q[C] is applied, the electric field strength is E=Q / ε[V / m], the potential difference between the electrodes is V=Qd / εS[V], and the capacitance is C=εS / d[F].

[0087] 2) For the two-dimensional coaxial cylindrical electrode (d), when the radius of the inner cylinder is a, the radius of the outer cylinder is b, and the charge λ[C / m] is applied, the electric field strength is E=λ / 2πεr[V / m], Vab=λ / 2πεlnb / a[V], and the capacitance is C=2πε / lnb / a[F].

[0088] 3) Three-dimensional concentric spheres, the inner radius is a, the outer radius is b, the charge Q[C] is given, and the electric field strength is E=Q / 4πεr 2[V / m], Vab=Q(1 / a-1 / b) / 4πε[V], and the capacitance is C=4πε(ab / (ba))[F].

[0089] It is worth noting here that the electric field strength on the spherical surface in 3) is 1 / r 2 , 2) the electric field strength of the cylinder is 1 / r. When (r) becomes smaller, the electric field strength becomes very large, causing dielectric breakdown. This local dielectric breakdown is expected to trigger the vaporization of the entire liquid dielectric thin layer.

[0090] Regarding the electric field intensity distribution of each electrode structure, such as Figure 3 As shown in (A), the electric field intensity of the parallel plate electrode is the largest at d=0, as shown in the electrode schematic diagram (a), the electric field intensity distribution (b), and the electrode internal structure diagram (c).

[0091] Figure 3 The electric field intensity distribution diagram (e) of the coaxial cylindrical electrode (d) in (B) is the largest at the core electrode surface a. The electric field intensity of the coaxial conical electrode (j) is the largest at the narrowest part of the cone surface and at the core electrode surface a. In the coaxial multi-polar electrode (m), the electric field intensity is the largest at the surface of the cylinder with the smallest diameter and at the core electrode surface a.

[0092] Among these electrode structures, the coaxial cylindrical electrode (d) has the largest amount of liquid dielectric. Figure 1 The gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145 shown in (C) is shown in FIG. When the metal surface (piston 31) is close to the gasification gas injection surface of the electrode, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in (g, i) of (B), the metal surface (piston head 31) is close to the end surface of the coaxial cylindrical electrode (lim[d→0]Sε / d=∞), and the electric field reaches its maximum value, as shown in the electric field intensity distribution diagram (h). Local discharge occurs, and due to the peripheral effect, the breakdown voltage of the liquid dielectric in the electrode decreases, causing the dielectric to breakdown and vaporize, and a large amount of gas is ejected.

[0093] It is proposed to use a gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter to replace the spark gap used as a gas ignition device in traditional internal combustion engines. Figure 1 (C), Figure 3 (B), (D), (G), Figure 5 (b), Figure 7 (D), Fig.11As shown in (A, B), this gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is composed of coaxial cylindrical electrodes, and generates gas by inducing liquid dielectric breakdown in a sealed electrode chamber and using pulse heat to vaporize and expand the liquid dielectric. The igniter has an electrode made of metal, and its structure makes the insulating partition wall covered by a solid material, and has a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145, which has an inlet and a jet nozzle for a liquid dielectric. One or coaxial cylindrical electrode 172, whose liquid dielectric inlet and evaporation gas nozzle are separated, and the electrode structure makes the amount of liquid dielectric sufficient to generate the expansion gas at the required pressure to be filled into the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter, instantly causing dielectric breakdown.

[0094] 1) If the inlet of the liquid medium and the nozzle of the evaporation gas are common,

[0095] The igniter is one of the following gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniters: a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter that causes a partial discharge by bringing a conductive metal surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown of a piston head or rotor to the nozzle of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter, such as Figure 3 (B) (g) and Figure 6 (C, D, E, F) as shown; a gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter that generates a strong electric field, wherein the electrodes are configured such that the electrode distance between some electrodes of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter is reduced, such as Figure 3 As shown in (j, m) of (B); and the igniter is equipped with one of the following electrodes: a parallel plate electrode, the cylinder face or the piston head is close to the vaporizing gas nozzle of the expansion gas, and before the cylinder face or the piston head contacts them, dielectric breakdown will be caused; a coaxial cylindrical electrode, which is composed of a cylindrical electrode equipped with an expansion gas jet nozzle and a cylindrical rod as the central axis; a coaxial concave-convex conical electrode, which is composed of a conical electrode with a wider expansion gas jet nozzle and a cylindrical rod as the central axis; a coaxial concave-convex conical electrode, which is composed of a conical electrode with a wider expansion gas jet nozzle and a conical convex surface as the central axis; a coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode, which is composed of a multi-stage cylinder with a wider expansion gas jet nozzle and a cylindrical rod as the central axis; as Figure 6 As shown in (C, D, E), the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145 is set as a coaxial cylindrical electrode, which has an inlet for a liquid dielectric on the shell side, wherein the space enclosed by the contact surface of the rotor and the shell has a shell of a rotary engine with a circular rotor and blades 166 with a magnetic field close to zero, and is provided with a conductive metal surface 170 for inducing dielectric breakdown, which places the rotor and blades 166 close to the liquid dielectric injection port, causing local discharge after the liquid dielectric is charged.

[0096] 2) When the nozzle of the evaporation gas and the inlet of the liquid dielectric are separated,

[0097] like Figure 6 (F) shows a coaxial cylindrical electrode, the inlet and the injection nozzle 172 are separated, the liquefied gas is directly injected from the liquid medium inlet, and after being sealed by a plug, the injection nozzle is covered with a pressurizing valve whose reaction force is lower than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, so that the liquid dielectric is charged, and then, by applying a voltage higher than the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric, the liquid dielectric is broken down. This coaxial cylindrical electrode has a separated inlet and nozzle 172, and is an electrode covered with a pressurizing valve, which has a reaction force lower than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas on the shell side, so as to cause medium breakdown in the pressurized area.

[0098] The welding of the present invention is different from general welding. It is an instantaneous intermolecular combination and is not affected by the thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity of the welded material. Therefore, the welded material is not limited to the type of metal. Non-metals can also be welded together, or metals and non-metals can be welded together. The welding principle is to form a capacitor with a liquid dielectric between the surfaces of the welded materials. Its equivalent circuit is a composite dielectric capacitor. The positive and negative collectors are solid dielectrics or metals, and the liquid dielectric is sandwiched between the positive and negative collectors. The welded material is in the shape of a parallel plate or a coaxial concave-convex conical electrode. The non-metallic material is ceramic, polymer material, wood, paper, rubber, paint, plastic, etc., as well as pure water, oil or alcohol. The liquid dielectric sandwiched between the materials to be welded is a variable capacitance capacitor, which is regarded as a sealed electrode chamber covered by the atmospheric wall due to the meniscus force. When the variable capacitance capacitor is charged, the gap between the positive and negative electrodes is shortened to before the short circuit through the pressurization / pressure device, causing insulation breakdown, and the pressurization is continued until the welding is completed, even after decomposition, so as to be characterized.

[0099] Figure 4 (a) of (A) shows a schematic diagram of inserting a liquid dielectric between the materials to be welded. (b, c, d, e, f, g) show that the space between a pair of materials to be welded (substrates) is compressed by an external pressure pressurizing device 8, so that the thickness d of the liquid dielectric film becomes narrower. Layer (lim[d→0]Sε / d=∞), causing dielectric breakdown (fire) (e), further compression (f), and when d=0, intermolecular force welding is completed (g).

[0100] exist Figure 4 In (B), the materials to be welded are divided into metals together (h), non-metals and metals (j), and non-metals together (l). The corresponding equivalent circuits are shown in Figures (i, k, m). Non-metals are regarded as solid dielectrics. When the material to be welded (the base material to be welded) sandwiched between the positive and negative plates 10 and 11 is metal, it is a first dielectric capacitor (C a )twenty one;

[0101] When the welded material is metal 19 and non-metal 20, it is a second dielectric capacitor (C b )22; When the welded material is non-metal 20, it is the third dielectric capacitor (C c ) 23. The liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is supplied with liquid dielectric 5 by the liquid pressurizing device 4, and is pressurized by the insulation breakdown inducing pressurizing tool 27 (external pressure pressurizing device 8) to greatly reduce the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7, thereby inducing dielectric breakdown. Under the action of the pulse heat generated by the dielectric breakdown, the external pressure pressurizing device 8 applies a load to perform intermolecular force welding.

[0102] Figure 4 (C) is a schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of plate welding. This method sandwiches pure water between the surfaces of multiple materials to be welded, applies a surface load, applies a charge when the thickness of the pure water is thin, and further applies a load to break down the medium, thereby performing intermolecular force surface welding. Figure 4 (C) and (n) show a schematic diagram of multilayer welding, in which three or more layers of base materials to be welded are stacked together to form a multilayer composite dielectric capacitor, in which a thin layer of liquid dielectric 7 is sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces 2, 3, and then, pressurized by an external pressure pressurizing device 8 to induce insulation breakdown, and the load is continued to be applied by the external pressure pressurizing device 8 (insulation breakdown inducing pressurizing tool 27). This load applies equal pressure to all thin layers of liquid dielectric 7 of the multilayer film, so that the capacitance reaches a maximum value before dielectric breakdown, and although the voltage is low, the capacitance is high and the electrostatic energy is high. In addition, dielectric breakdown occurs at the same time, and intermolecular force welding is performed.

[0103] A thin layer of liquid dielectric 7 is sandwiched between a pair of solid surfaces 2 and 3 between the positive and negative electrodes. An electric charge is applied between the positive and negative electrodes. At the same time, the positive and negative electrodes are compressed through an external pressure applying device 8. The thin layer of liquid dielectric is irradiated with microwaves or vacuumed / depressurized to induce dielectric breakdown, thereby enabling intermolecular welding.

[0104] When liquefied gas is sealed in a container and a strong electric field is applied, the liquefied gas vaporizes and expands, generating a pressure 250 to 1000 times greater than the original pressure. This device for instantaneously ejecting the expanding gas is used in rockets and blasting devices. The device for applying this strong electric field is a gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter. The room temperature pressurized liquefied gas composed of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of more than 273K is enclosed in a gas jet dielectric breakdown induced igniter, the insulating compartment wall is sealed, and the insulating compartment wall has the function of opening / closing. A voltage higher than the strength of the liquid medium is applied to cause the liquid medium to break down, and the jet gas generated by the dielectric breakdown is converted into the thrust of the rocket or the explosive force of the blasting device; it is a device for instantaneously ejecting the expanding gas.

[0105] The device for instantaneously ejecting the expanding gas is equipped with at least one gas ejection medium breakdown induction igniter, in which pure water or a gas pressurized and liquefied at room temperature is enclosed (sealed electrode chamber). In the case of a blasting device, the liquefied gas is completely sealed. In addition, in the case of a rocket engine, the gas ejection nozzle is covered with a pressurizing valve with a reaction pressure lower than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas. The pressurizing valve can be opened by the exhaust pressure of the gasified gas, which is higher than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and the nozzle is located at the rear of the pressurizing valve. After the liquid dielectric is charged, a voltage above the dielectric strength is applied to cause the liquid dielectric to break down, converting the exhaust pressure of the gasified gas that has expanded in volume into energy.

[0106] The engine device of the present invention is an engine that does not involve the combustion of fuel and air and does not consume fuel unlike conventional engines. Its working principle is to cause dielectric breakdown of gas that is pressurized and liquefied at room temperature, and to use the volume expansion of the gas produced by gasification as a driving force, and part of the driving force is used to pressurize the evaporated gas and reliquefy it. This is an engine that repeats this operation, and it is desired that the liquefied gas of the engine is a room temperature gas that is simply liquefied by compression, has a high dielectric constant, and has a high volume expansion ratio with the liquefied gas and the evaporated gas.

[0107] These liquefied gases are, in descending order of compression, butane (2.1 atmospheres), sulfur dioxide (3.2 atmospheres), propane (8.5 atmospheres), ammonia (8.7 atmospheres), chlorine (10 atmospheres), carbon dioxide (20 atmospheres), and fluorocarbon gas (40 atmospheres). The liquefied gases with the largest volume expansion ratios between liquefied gas and vaporized gas are ammonia (890 times), butane (240 times), propane (320 times), chlorine (460 times), and carbon dioxide (520 times).

[0108] Considering these, butane and ammonia are the most suitable. On the other hand, pure water (1240 times, 0 atmosphere) becomes water vapor above 100°C and has a high volume expansion rate, and condenses below 100°C, so it is an attractive liquefied gas that does not require pressurization. Considering these characteristics, butane, propane, ammonia, carbon dioxide or pure water are the best choices for gases that are pressurized and liquefied at room temperature.

[0109] The engine device is a reciprocating engine or a rotary engine, equipped with a gas injection medium breakdown induction igniter and a pressure application / drive transmission function for converting the gasified gas expanding during the evaporation process into driving power.

[0110] The positive and negative electrodes of the reciprocating engine are both composed of parallel plate electrodes, one of which is the cylinder face, a fixed component, and the other electrode is the piston head, which is close to the cylinder face to induce dielectric breakdown, and at least one of the coaxial circular electrodes composed of coaxial cylindrical electrodes, coaxial conical electrodes or coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrodes is arranged on the cylinder face, a fixed component or a piston head, a moving component, and the piston head is close to the surface of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter to induce dielectric breakdown.

[0111] Specifically, the present invention proposes a double-acting reciprocating engine, in which two reciprocating engines are arranged in series and share a piston. The double-acting reciprocating engine is characterized in that it has first and second gas-injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter electrode chambers 41, 42, and is equipped with at least one gas-injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter at each end of the cylinder, and the first and second piston faces are expanded, and the following operations are jointly performed: when the liquefied gas evaporates in the first gas-injection dielectric breakdown induction ignition electrode chamber 41, the first piston face is compressed, and through the interlocking connecting rod, the second piston face is compressed at the same time to liquefy the gas in the second gas-injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter electrode chamber 42.

[0112] Rotary engines include rotary engines with circular rotors and rotary engines with spherical triangular rotors.

[0113] The rotary engine with a circular rotor is characterized in that the rotor face of the movable part has at least one coaxial cylindrical electrode, and the rotor face of the movable part and the housing face of the fixed part are brought close together, thereby inducing dielectric breakdown.

[0114] In a rotary engine with a spherical triangular rotor (spherical triangle), one method is to vertically place at least one coaxial cylindrical electrode on a surface having the same curvature as the rotor surface of the fixed part, and the rotor surface of the movable part is close to induce dielectric breakdown; another method is to vertically place at least one coaxial cylindrical electrode on a surface having the same curvature as the rotor surface of the movable part, and the outer shell surface of the fixed part is cocoon-shaped (cocoon-shaped) and close to the rotor surface of the movable part to induce dielectric breakdown.

[0115] The conventional rotary engine requires the rotor to be machined into a spherical triangle and the housing to be machined into a cocoon-shaped cycloidal curve, while the rotary engine with a circular rotor has a circular rotor and housing, making the machining easier.

[0116] Rotary engines with circular rotors can be divided into two types: a cam type rotary engine with at least one blade located on the stator housing side, and a vane type rotary engine with two blades located on the rotor side. In the vane type rotary engine, a coaxial cylindrical electrode with a separate air inlet and nozzle is provided on the housing surface side as a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter, while in the cam type rotary engine, a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter with an air inlet and nozzle integrated on the rotor surface side is provided.

[0117] The double-acting reciprocating engine can be used for linear generators, dielectric heating devices, wherein the pressure application / drive transmission function device is provided with magnets, heating / cooling devices, wherein the pressure application / drive transmission function device is provided with magnets. For adiabatic expansion or adiabatic compression of gas for heating / cooling; air injection, wherein the pressure application / drive transmission function is linked with a pump for adiabatic expansion or adiabatic compression of atmospheric air; water injection, wherein the pressure application / drive transmission function is linked with a pump for adiabatic expansion or adiabatic compression of atmospheric air; drive transmission function is linked with a pump for adiabatic expansion or adiabatic compression of seawater, lake water, river water and a generator, wherein the piston head in the cylinder of the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 is replaced by a magnet and a coil arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder.

[0118] In particular, the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 of the present invention generates electricity not by converting the magnetic field into rotational motion but by directly converting it into electrical energy, and therefore has a high energy efficiency.

[0119] like Fig.10 As shown in (B), in a double-acting reciprocating engine 63 that repeatedly reciprocates, the connecting rod 32 that is linked to the movement of the piston 31 is equipped with a movable component composed of a plurality of tubular permanent magnets 64, 65 and an iron pole 66, and a stator with a plurality of coils connected in series along the circumferential direction of the mover. The mover reciprocates inside the stator to generate electricity, which is a linear power generation device.

[0120] like Figure 2 (A) and (b) are discharge schematic diagrams of a dielectric breakdown induction vaporized gas volume expansion drive device (engine), which utilizes the extremely short pulse heat generated by breakdown induction to instantly vaporize and expand the liquid dielectric thin layer 7. In the state where high electrostatic energy is stored at a high withstand voltage in the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 made of compressed liquefied gas, a high voltage is further applied or the liquid dielectric thin layer is contracted, or microwaves are irradiated to induce dielectric breakdown, and the volume expansion of the gas evaporated from the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is utilized to form a vaporized gas volume expansion drive device for vehicles, ships, and generators, or a buoyancy bag 110 (for exploiting seabed resources) Figure 7 ).

[0121] Figure 6(A, B) shows a schematic diagram of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63. Figure 2 (A) and (b) show schematic diagrams of the boost circuit and the double-acting reciprocating engine and its drive section. Figure 6 As shown in (A, B), the first gas compression / expansion chamber 41 and the second gas compression / expansion chamber 42 of the cylinder 30 share the piston 31 at both ends and repeat compression and expansion alternately. The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into energy via the connecting rod 32 and the crankshaft 33.

[0122] The present invention is characterized by a variable capacitance capacitor that changes the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer. The capacitor continues to charge until a short circuit occurs due to dielectric breakdown between the two electrodes through the charge and discharge control function 13, and the dielectric breakdown occurs at the moment when the liquid dielectric thin layer has the maximum capacitance. Figure 2 As shown in (b) of (A), the second switch 15 is closed when the dielectric breaks down, so the first capacitor (C1) 16 will not be over-discharged.

[0123] The rotary engine of the present invention has no carbon deposits and no compression loss because no combustion occurs; it is considered to be the best engine that overcomes the shortcomings of traditional rotary engines.

[0124] like Figure 6 As shown in (C, D), the engine is equipped with the edge of a spherical triangular rotor 46 rotating in a housing 45 and three flexible crescent-shaped sealed containers enclosed in the housing 45. It liquefies and then evaporates due to dielectric breakdown, causing volume expansion and conversion into rotational energy.

[0125] Figure 6 The housing 45 in (C) is equipped with four gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniters 145, and dielectric breakdown occurs 12 times per rotation on the surface where the housing surface and the rotor surface contact. Similarly, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown in (D), the rotor 46 has two gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing igniters 145 (a total of six) embedded in each edge portion, and dielectric breakdown occurs 12 times per rotation on the surface where the shell surface contacts the rotor surface.

[0126] Figure 6 In the cam rotor engine of (E), a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145 is embedded in the circular rotor 169. When the circular rotor 169 passes through the blades 166, the gasification gas injection nozzle 171 ( Figure 1 (C)) and a conductive metal surface 170 (Figure (E)) for inducing dielectric breakdown are in contact with each other, so that dielectric breakdown occurs twice per rotation.

[0127] In the bladed rotor engine shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown in (F), a coaxial cylindrical electrode 172 ( Figure 5 (C, F)), insulation breakdown occurs once per rotation.

[0128] To mine seabed resources, water pressure must be overcome. For example, the water pressure at a depth of 10,000 meters is 1,000 atmospheres, so to salvage 1 ton of ore from the water, 1 meter of water must be used to generate 1,000 atmospheres of pressure. 3 The buoyancy bag is filled with gas at 1000 atmospheres of pressure. However, once the ascent begins, the hydrostatic pressure decreases as the depth decreases, and the volume of the buoyancy bag increases, causing the drag load of the ore to increase accordingly. In other words, if the volume of the buoyancy bag is slightly increased while keeping the pressure in the variable volume buoyancy bag equal to the hydrostatic pressure at the beginning of the ascent, the ore can be lifted to the surface without consuming mechanical energy.

[0129] Because of this relationship between hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy, if a buoyancy bag is placed between the water surface and the seabed and towed with a long rope, a very heavy object can be lifted with the relatively small internal pressure of the buoyancy bag.

[0130] In order to instantly generate a large amount of high-pressure gas in the sea, the present invention utilizes the high hydrostatic pressure of the deep sea to compress the buoyancy gas to produce liquefied gas (heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules). A large amount of buoyancy gas is produced by causing the breakdown of the liquefied gas medium; this is repeated at a high frequency. The gas is forced into the buoyancy bag 110, and the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 is reduced, while maintaining the pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure, and continues to descend to the seabed. At the seabed, when the useful minerals are loaded, the pressure equivalent to the buoyancy is pressed into the buoyancy bag 110, and then it begins to rise. As it rises, the buoyancy bag with a variable volume will automatically expand, and the buoyancy will also increase. Here, the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 is fixed, and the buoyancy and the ascent speed are adjusted by liquefying the gas in the buoyancy bag and reducing the air pressure in the bag.

[0131] For example, when nitrogen is liquefied, its volume is reduced by 1 / 650 times, and when hydrogen is liquefied, its volume is reduced by 1 / 790 times. Figure 7 (a, b, c) are buoyancy gas liquefaction devices; Figure 8The invention shows a device having a function of adjusting the hydrostatic pressure and the pressure difference inside the buoyancy bag in addition to the liquefied gas generating device. When the buoyancy gas of the buoyancy bag 110 of the submersible is used to lift resources or heavy objects from the seabed, the liquefied gas evaporates instantly when it floats to the surface, causing the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 to expand by the size of the buoyancy, and the buoyancy bag begins to rise. However, as shown in Patent Document 4, as the buoyancy bag rises, the water pressure decreases, and the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 expands. For example, the volume of the seabed at a depth of 10,000m will expand 1,000 times at the sea surface. Therefore, part of the gasified gas in the buoyancy bag 110 is liquefied when it floats to the surface. Through this operation, the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the water pressure outside the buoyancy bag is controlled through the gas recovery function 133 to keep the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 constant. The internal pressure of the buoyancy bag is made lower than the water pressure when descending. In order to liquefy this gasified gas, hydrostatic pressure is applied to the liquefied natural gas to cool it to the critical temperature of the gas as a buoyancy gas. This cooling causes the liquefied gas to evaporate instantly through the pulse heat of the electrode 134 connected to the buoyancy bag 110 for inducing dielectric breakdown, causing the buoyancy bag 110 to expand rapidly and begin to float. At the same time, the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag 110 increases as the buoyancy bag rises, causing the partially vaporized gas in the buoyancy bag 110 to liquefy, so that the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag 110 is balanced with the external pressure, allowing the buoyancy bag 110 to float.

[0132] This buoyancy device for exploiting seabed resources is to inject liquefied gas made of heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules, inject the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter 145 as a dielectric breakdown induction electrode, and then the dielectric breakdown is repeated many times, so that the buoyancy bag 110 is instantly filled with a large amount of gasified gas composed of heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules, and the pressure is higher than the hydrostatic pressure. At the same time, in order to suppress the volume expansion of the buoyancy bag 110, during the ascent process, after the buoyancy bag 110 is filled with gasified gas, the gasified gas is liquefied to maintain the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag 110 and the hydrostatic pressure. This buoyancy device for exploiting seabed resources has the function of adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure. When using this device, the gasified gas formed by the expansion of at least one of the following liquefied gases during the evaporation process is injected into the buoyancy bag 110, and the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure is adjusted during the operation of the buoyancy bag to descend to the seabed and rise to the seabed:

[0133] 1) Carbon dioxide, which consists of heteronuclear diatomic molecules, is a gas that liquefies when pressurized at room temperature;

[0134] 2) Gases that liquefy under pressure at low temperatures, consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 237 K or less (except halogens), or gases that liquefy under pressure at room temperature;

[0135] 3) When the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is equal to or higher than the boiling point of neon, the homonuclear diatomic molecule compressed by the pressurization function is cooled to generate liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecules, and reacts with the pressurized liquefied gas at room temperature to generate liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecules;

[0136] 4) When the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is equal to or lower than the boiling point of neon, the mixed gas of the pressurized liquefied gas and the homonuclear diatomic molecule at room temperature is compressed by the pressurization function, and then the liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecule is cooled to generate liquefied hydrogen, and then the hydrogen is compressed to generate liquefied neon, and then the liquefied neon is cooled to generate liquefied hydrogen with a thermoelectric element cooling function;

[0137] 5) When the boiling point of the noble gas is lower than the boiling point of the neon, the mixed gas of the pressurized liquefied gas at room temperature and the homonuclear diatomic molecules with pressurization function is compressed, the liquefied neon is cooled, and the liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecules are cooled, and the generated helium is compressed to generate liquefied helium.

[0138] At a depth of 10,000m, the water pressure is 1,000 atmospheres. In order to salvage seabed resources from this depth, the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag 110 needs to exceed 1,000 atmospheres. If the buoyancy bag begins to rise in this state, as the depth becomes shallower, the external pressure of the buoyancy bag decreases at a rate of 0.1 atmospheres per meter, the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 expands 0.1 times per meter, and when it reaches the surface, the volume increases 1,000 times. Through the control of the buoyancy bag volume adjustment device 111, the volume of the buoyancy bag 110 can be increased or decreased several times, but to control the volume to 1,000 times larger requires a huge buoyancy bag, which is not economical.

[0139] The internal and external pressures of the buoyancy bag 110 will change according to the depth. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to keep the internal and external pressures of the buoyancy bag 110 constant, a portion of the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or homonuclear diatomic molecules in the buoyancy bag is liquefied to completely eliminate the volume change in the buoyancy bag 110 ( Figure 8 ).

[0140] Figure 8 (A, B) are schematic diagrams of a device for liquefying buoyancy gas and controlling the internal pressure of a buoyancy bag. The device is equipped with a gas recovery function 133, which is used to recover the gas (nitrogen, oxygen, air, carbon dioxide) in the buoyancy bag 110 by liquefying it. The tube 137 and the liquefied gas storage container 138 are immersed in liquefied propane, so that the gas in the buoyancy bag 110 is liquefied in the capillary 137, and the liquefied gas is recovered to the liquefied gas storage container 138.

[0141] If the gas is hydrogen, Figure 8As shown in (C), the first and second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant containers 113 and 114 are used, and the capillary 137 and the gas storage container 138 are immersed in the second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container 114 injected with liquefied neon as a refrigerant. The second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container 114 is cooled by the liquefied neon generated by the thermoelectric element cooling function as supplementary cooling. The gas in the buoyancy bag 110 floats up while maintaining balance with the water pressure corresponding to the water depth. Figure (D) shows a dielectric breakdown sensing circuit.

[0142] In order to float 1 ton of ore underwater, a volume of 1m 3 The buoyancy bag is filled with gas at 1,000 atmospheres of pressure. Here, a method is proposed to generate a large amount of buoyancy gas for a short time under high pressure in the deep sea using a double-acting reciprocating engine.

[0143] like Fig. 9 As shown, the inside of the cylinder is divided into a first gas compression / expansion chamber 41 and a second gas compression / expansion chamber 42 by a piston, and the two surfaces of the piston are respectively the first piston surface as a metal conductive surface 170 for inducing insulation breakdown, and the second piston surface as a metal conductive surface 170 for inducing insulation breakdown, and the metal conductive surface 170 is close to the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102, thereby inducing insulation breakdown. In the first gas compression / expansion chamber 41 and the second gas compression / expansion chamber 42, the first and second buoyancy gas injection function valves 153, 154, and the first and second buoyancy gas ejection function valves 155, 156 are provided, and at least one metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 composed of a gas ejection insulation breakdown inducing plug 145 is provided, and the first and second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant containers 113, 114 are also provided for cooling the first and second buoyancy gases in the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102. High-pressure buoyancy gas is produced by inducing insulation breakdown on one side, and buoyancy gas is injected and compressed and liquefied on the other side through the buoyancy gas injection function valves 153 and 154, and then the buoyancy gas is pressed into the floatation bag 110 through the buoyancy gas ejection function valves 156 and 155. This operation is repeated at both ends of the cylinder having the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 and the first and second gas compression / expansion chambers 41, thereby producing high-pressure buoyancy gas in a short time.

[0144] Conventional batteries have low electromotive force, short life and heavy weight due to chemical reactions. In contrast, capacitors (variable high-voltage power sources with high dielectric strength) only store electrons, do not undergo chemical reactions, and are lightweight. Furthermore, by increasing the distance between the electrodes of the capacitor, high-voltage discharge is possible, and after charging, the voltage can be changed by changing the distance between the electrodes. If liquid dielectrics with high dielectric constants and high dielectric strength are used, they have great practical value as power sources for automobiles.

[0145] In a high dielectric strength adjustable high voltage power supply, the positive and negative electrodes of the sealed electrode chamber are metal electrodes composed of parallel plates or coaxial cones; a liquid dielectric with high dielectric strength is filled between the positive and negative electrodes, and the gap between the electrodes is expanded through a pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device, so that the variable capacitance capacitor can be charged at high voltage. Liquid dielectrics with high dielectric constants and high dielectric strength include pure water, alcohols, aromatic compounds, etc.

[0146] In the present invention, if Figure 2 (B) (C) and Fig.14 As shown in (A, C), when the electrostatic energy stored in the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is used outside the system, the solid materials 2 and 3 are metals 19, and a capacitor (C) is formed between the positive and negative electrodes 10. d ), 11 clamps the liquid dielectric thin layer 7, and increases the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 to the required withstand voltage through the liquid pressurizing device 4 and / or the external pressure pressurizing device 8. It is charged under the voltage of the pressure, and the voltage drop caused by continuous discharge is corrected by increasing the output voltage, and the capacitance is reduced by increasing the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 and reducing the pressure of the external pressure pressurizing device 8, thereby the variable electrostatic liquid dielectric capacitor constitutes a variable high voltage power supply with high dielectric strength.

[0147] Figure 2 (C of B) is a circuit diagram of a high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supply, which is a state in which the dielectric strength is improved by increasing the thickness of the dielectric strength (d). Figure 4 (C) is a schematic diagram of a power supply in which multiple pairs of capacitors are charged in parallel.

[0148] The shunt capacitor is a variable capacitance liquid dielectric capacitor in which a pair of planes are made of metal. Figure 2 The schematic diagram of (A) shows that when the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is increased, the capacitance (C d ) will decrease, but the dielectric strength will increase. On the other hand, the electrostatic energy (W d ) is proportional to the square of the voltage (V1). Therefore, even if the capacitance (C d ) at the expense of increasing the voltage (V1), which is also more advantageous from the perspective of energy utilization. If a dielectric with high dielectric strength is used, a high-voltage capacitor can be realized by simply increasing the charging voltage. In particular, if a liquid is used as a dielectric, the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 can be increased or decreased by simply controlling the liquid pressure.

[0149] like Fig.14 As shown in (A), if the liquid dielectric 5 is inserted by the liquid pressurizing device 4, the thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 increases, forming a layer with high dielectric strength (C d ) capacitor. Fig.14(A, C) shows several pairs of such capacitors (C d ) parallel configuration. If this parallel capacitor is connected through the charging device 12 ( Figure 2 ) is charged with a voltage (V1), a capacitor with a dielectric strength of V1 is formed. If pressurized / depressurized by an external pressure-applying device 8, a capacitor for a variable high-voltage power supply with high dielectric strength is suitable for using a liquid dielectric with a high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength.

[0150] In a high-insulation withstand high-voltage variable power supply device, the gas in the insulating fluid 1 has low insulation withstand and may cause surface discharge. Therefore, in a high-voltage DC power supply that requires high insulation withstand, a liquid is used as the insulating fluid 1, and in order to perform interfacial tension conversion between the liquid dielectric thin layer 5 and the insulating fluid 1, an interfacial tension conversion isolation film 119 composed of a hydrophobic porous fluororesin film 120 is provided.

[0151] Fig.14 (A) is a schematic diagram of the close contact between the liquid dielectric 5 and the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120. The function of the interfacial tension conversion isolation membrane 119 is to allow the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120 to pass through gas but not water. Therefore, if the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120 is used on the window of a container, it can be made airtight to water. However, when a water pressure exceeding the water pressure resistance of the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120 is applied, water will pass through the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120. In other words, the window of the sealed container can be artificially opened or closed by water pressure. Therefore, the use of the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 120 as an isolation membrane and as a pressure switch is the core of the present invention.

[0152] In the present invention, as a means of improving insulation resistance, a freely retractable outer wall 118 is provided at the boundary to prevent the insulating fluid 1 from entering between the pair of flat plates, and to form a sealed container to seal the liquid dielectric thin layers 5, 6, and 7. In order to form a separation membrane and a sealed container outer wall 123, a first hydrophobic porous fluororesin film 121 having hydrophobicity and oleophobicity is provided, and a separation membrane and fluid introduction port 124 for pressing the liquid dielectric 5 into the liquid dielectric thin layers 5, 6, and 7 is further provided, and a second hydrophobic porous fluororesin film 122 is used. The liquid dielectric 5 is injected / discharged through the second hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 122 by the liquid pressurizing device 4, and the hydrophobicity and water pressure resistance difference of the first hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 121 are utilized to increase the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layers 5, 6, 7 to the required insulation resistance. Then, the insulating fluid 1 is made to penetrate through the hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 121 by the insulating fluid pressurizing device 9 through the first hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane 121, thereby preventing surface discharge and forming a high voltage DC power supply.

[0153] Effects of the Invention

[0154] The present invention can control the withstand voltage by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the liquefied gas thin layer sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes; by thinning the liquefied gas thin layer, inducing dielectric breakdown, and using the heat energy generated by the breakdown for surface welding, engine installation, or generating buoyancy gas for buoyancy bags for exploiting seabed resources, or by thickening the liquefied gas thin layer to be used as a capacitor for a variable high-voltage power supply with high dielectric strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0155] Figure 1 Flowchart showing the production process of industrial components with dielectric breakdown and withstand voltage enhancement using thin liquid dielectric layers, categorized by application.

[0156] Figure 2 Industrial application devices are classified according to whether there is dielectric breakdown of thin layers of liquid dielectrics.

[0157] Figure 3 The electric field intensity formula, electrode schematic and internal structure diagram, and electric field intensity distribution diagram are used to induce dielectric decomposition using parallel plate electrodes (A) or coaxial cylindrical / conical electrodes (B).

[0158] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of surface welding by intermolecular force through dielectric breakdown in a thin layer of liquid dielectric, where: (A) shows the process of charging the liquid dielectric through dielectric breakdown / welding by applying pressure, (B) shows the equivalent circuit materials of the welding substrate (metals together, metals and non-metals, non-metals together), and (C) shows the equivalent circuit of welded plywood.

[0159] Figure 5 It is a bar graph showing the thermal diffusivity and melting point of the materials to be welded (metals, ceramics, plastics).

[0160] Figure 6 Schematic diagrams of a double-acting reciprocating engine and a rotary engine are shown, wherein: (A) is a double-acting reciprocating engine with parallel plate electrodes, (B) is a double-acting reciprocating engine with a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter, (C) is a rotary engine with a triangular rotor, a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is installed in its casing, (D) is a rotary engine with a triangular rotor, a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is installed in its rotor, (E) is a cam type rotary engine, and (F) is a blade type rotary engine.

[0161] Figure 7Schematic diagrams of devices for producing buoyancy gas through dielectric breakdown are shown, wherein: (a) is dielectric breakdown occurring in carbon dioxide by cooling with liquefied butane gas, (b) is dielectric breakdown occurring in nitrogen, oxygen and air by cooling with liquefied butane gas propane gas, and (c) is liquefied neon gas produced using liquefied propane gas and electronic cooling elements, and dielectric breakdown is performed in hydrogen and helium.

[0162] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a buoyancy gas liquefaction and buoyancy bag internal pressure control device, wherein: (A) is a device for cooling carbon dioxide with liquefied butane gas to produce dielectric breakdown and control the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag; (B) is a device for cooling with liquefied propane gas to break down the dielectric in nitrogen, oxygen or air, and control the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag; (C) is a device for producing liquefied neon elements, dielectric breakdown in hydrogen or helium, and controlling the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag by using liquefied propane gas and electronic cooling; (D) is a dielectric breakdown induction circuit using metal coaxial cylindrical electrodes of dielectric breakdown induction electrodes.

[0163] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of a buoyancy gas high-speed production device using a double-acting reciprocating engine.

[0164] Fig.10 Schematic diagrams of magnetic induction devices using double-acting reciprocating engines are shown, where: (A) is a schematic diagram of a linear generator using magnets as pistons in cylinders, (B) is a schematic diagram of a triple-acting reciprocating engine. It is a three-phase AC generator produced by moving a set of cylindrical magnets outside the engine, and (C) is a schematic diagram of a device that uses magnetic induction to heat water by moving a set of cylindrical magnets outside the engine.

[0165] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a device in which a double-acting reciprocating engine drives a compressor is shown, wherein: (A) is an air jet compressor that sucks in and ejects air, (B) is a water jet compressor that sucks in and ejects seawater / lake water, and (C) is a heating / cooling device that sucks in and ejects air for air conditioning and repeats adiabatic expansion / compression.

[0166] Fig.12 Schematic diagrams of an explosive device (A) and a rocket engine (B) utilizing dielectric breakdown in a thin layer of liquid dielectric are shown.

[0167] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a ship driving device using a concentric spherical electrode double-acting reciprocating engine is shown, wherein: (A) is a schematic diagram of a streamlined, wine glass-shaped propulsion device, and (B) is a propulsion device with a plate for kicking water.

[0168] Fig.14Schematic diagrams of high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supplies are shown, wherein: (A) is a schematic diagram of a horizontal high voltage capacitor (with insulating fluid), (B) is a schematic diagram of a variable voltage capacitor using concave-convex conical electrodes, and (C) is a schematic diagram of an automotive on-board high voltage power supply with coaxial cylindrical capacitors connected in parallel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0169] The following will refer to Figure 1-14 A useful embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.

[0170] Figure 4 (A) (a) is a variable liquid dielectric capacitor C d 24, in which a liquid dielectric (thin layer) 5, 6, 7 is inserted between a pair of solid surfaces 2, 3 and sandwiched between positive and negative electrodes 10, 11. Figure 4 (a) (b) and Figure 4 (A) to (c) wherein at least one of the pair of solid surfaces is made of non-metallic material and is suitable for plane welding, and Figure 4 Both sides of (a) of (A) are made of metal, which is suitable for plane welding and engines. The back surfaces of the three shells facing each other are in close contact with the positive and negative electrodes 10 and 11 to form a capacitor; the gap between the positive and negative electrodes of this capacitor is "pressurized / depressurized" by an external pressure pressurizing device 8 or a pressure tool 27 for inducing dielectric breakdown, so that the film thickness (d) of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 is "reduced / increased" and "induces dielectric breakdown / voltage resistance becomes higher", so that the capacitor is suitable for "plane welding, engines and high-voltage DC capacitors" ( Figure 2 ).like Figure 4 As shown in (B), the solid surface pairs are metal ( Figure 4 (B) (h,i)), metal and non-metal ( Figure 4 (B) (j,k)) and non-metallic ( Figure 4 (C) (i, m)). The welding materials for metal to metal include aluminum / copper and stainless steel / copper; the welding materials for metal to non-metal include aluminum / synthetic quartz glass; the welding materials for non-metal to non-metal are synthetic quartz glass / BK7 glass.

[0171] In order to perform welding, it is desirable that the welding material has a low thermal diffusivity and a low melting point. Another condition is that the diffusivity and melting point of a pair of materials to be welded are close to each other. Therefore, the diffusivity and melting point of metals, ceramics and plastics as typical welding materials were measured; the results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 5 shown.

[0172] Pure water was sandwiched between a stainless steel plate (κ: 405) with a low thermal diffusivity and a copper plate (κ: 11,300) with a high thermal diffusivity, and after charging with DC = 20V, a load of 0.5MPa was applied to perform surface welding of the stainless steel and copper.

[0173] Pure water was sandwiched between two synthetic quartz plates (κ: 141) with low thermal diffusivity, and after charging at DC = 200 V, a load of 0.5 MPa was further applied to perform surface welding on the synthetic quartz.

[0174] Pure water was sandwiched between a fluororesin plate (PTFE) (κ: 11) and polypropylene (PP) (κ: 6.4) with a low thermal diffusivity, and after charging with DC = 20V, a load of 0.5MPa was applied to weld the surface PTFE and PP.

[0175] Fig.12 (A) shows a prototype blasting device structure, in which a liquid dielectric 5 is injected between the insulation breakdown inducing electrode 134 (gas jet insulation breakdown inducing plug 145) to form a capacitor, and is enclosed in a sealed container 107 for the blasting device. Fig.12 As shown in (A), the metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 is placed in a cylinder as an electrode, and the gas jet insulation breakdown induction plug 145 is set in it as the insulation breakdown induction electrode 134. The liquid pressurizing device 4 injects pure water as the liquid dielectric 5 to form a liquid dielectric thin layer 7, and an insulation breakdown induction circuit 131 ( Fig.12 (C)). The charge and discharge control function 13 starts the first switch 14 to apply charge by connecting the third capacitor (C3) 105 and the fourth capacitor (C4) 106 in series. Subsequently, the fourth switch 104 is connected to the third capacitor (C3) 105, and after charging, the first switch 14 is closed, and the fourth switch 104 is connected to the fourth capacitor (C4) 106, and finally a voltage (V3+V4) exceeding the withstand voltage is applied between the coaxial cylindrical electrodes 103 to induce insulation breakdown. Fig.12 (B) shows a structure in which a rocket nozzle 109 is added to a metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group 102 composed of an insulation breakdown inducing electrode 134. This is a rocket engine designed and produced. The liquid dielectric is pure water.

[0176] In order to prevent the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 from bursting due to the volume expansion of the gasified gas driving device, gas is supplied from the first gas injection medium breakdown induction ignition electrode chamber 41 to the second gas injection medium breakdown induction ignition electrode chamber 42. The gasified gas is supplemented through the bypass 35 ( Fig.13 (A, B)) to buffer the impact pressure of volume expansion.

[0177] The bypass 35 for gasification gas supply is used to replenish the high-pressure gas expanded in the gasification gas compression and expansion chamber 41, 42 on one side to the gasification gas compression and expansion chamber on the other side. When liquefied gas 43 is generated in the gasification gas compression and expansion chamber on one side, the bypass 35 cuts off the supply of gasification gas 44 through the valve function of the piston 31. In addition, between the bypass 35, there is a piston head 55 with a spring 54 and a gas storage device 56 with a variable volume to prevent the engine from rupturing due to the expansion of the gasification gas volume, and it also has the function of pressing the gasification gas 44 from the gas storage device 56 into the gasification gas compression and expansion chamber on the other side, and is equipped with at least one gas pressure buffer device (shockproof device) 53. As an electrode, one electrode is an outer spherical semi-concave spherical surface, and the other electrode is an inner spherical semi-convex spherical surface. When it serves as a spherical electrode 89 and a concave spherical electrode of the piston, the double-acting reciprocating engine 63 is as follows Fig.13 As shown in (A, B), a first spherical electrode 87, a second spherical electrode 88, and a spherical electrode 89 are used. Such an electrode can obtain a higher electrostatic capacitance due to its large surface area, and can induce insulation breakdown at a lower voltage due to the maximum electric field strength on the surface of the spherical electrode.

[0178] like Fig.13 As shown in (A, B), the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating engine 63, which replaces the conventional propeller, is converted into a propulsion force through the connecting rod 32, and a ship propulsion device 90 is trial-produced. The ship propulsion device 90 has two modes: a first mode in which the propulsion device needs to generate a reaction force with water when it moves in a forward direction, and a second mode in which a weak reaction force with a water resistance close to zero is generated. The structure of the ship propulsion device 90 is as follows: Fig.13 As shown in (A, B), it can be divided into two cases: one is that the shape of the propulsion device changes during reciprocating linear motion (A), and the other is that the shape remains unchanged (B).

[0179] While keeping the shape unchanged, the second mode adopts a streamlined structure and the first mode adopts an anti-streamlined structure to form a propulsion device 90 for a ship, wherein the first mode is perpendicular to the plane or forms a concave surface on the reciprocating linear motion axis, while the second mode has a streamlined convex surface on the reciprocating linear motion axis, becoming a hull-cut propulsion device (such as a wine glass type) 90,92 of a submarine.

[0180] With the shape changed, a water kick plate propulsion device (kick plate) 91 was produced; it is equipped with two flat or concave panels, perpendicular to the axis of the reciprocating linear motion, to maximize the first form, and only when pushing out water, the angle between the two plates is fixed at 180 degrees (θ=180), and the angle between the two plates is automatically fixed at 0 degrees (θ≧0), satisfying the second form.

[0181] Figure 6 (A) shows a parallel plate double-acting reciprocating engine 63 made on an experimental basis. The cylinder is an aluminum tube It is filled with butane gas, ammonia gas or carbon dioxide as liquid dielectric gas, DC 500-700V is used to cause dielectric breakdown, and it runs continuously for 60 minutes.

[0182] Figure 6 (C) shows a cam rotor engine made using an aluminum housing (250x250x50). The engine is filled with butane gas and DC 400V is applied to cause dielectric breakdown. It runs continuously for 120 minutes.

[0183] Fig.10 (A) shows a generator made on an experimental basis, in which a circular magnetic piston is installed in the cylinder (acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 45 mm) of a double-acting reciprocating engine 63, and a stator with a coil is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder.

[0184] Since the critical temperatures of gases such as nitrogen and air are -147.1°C for nitrogen, -118.4°C for oxygen, and -140.7°C for air, propane gas (melting point: -190°C, boiling point: -45°C, critical temperature: +96.8°C, critical pressure: 4.25MPa), which has a higher boiling point and critical temperature than these gases, was used as the first supercritical fluid 115. The critical temperature of propane gas is +96.8°C, so it begins to liquefy when pressurized to 0.86MPa at room temperature. Figure 7 As shown in (a, b), propane gas is injected as the first supercritical fluid 115 into the first coaxial cylinder refrigerant container 113 into which the metal coaxial cylinder electrode group 102 is inserted. The critical temperature of the first supercritical fluid is +96.8°C and the critical pressure is 4.25MPa; therefore, when the liquid pressurizing device 4, 128 and the water pressure 129 are used to start pressurizing at room temperature, it starts to liquefy at 0.86MPa, reaching the internal pressure required for the buoyancy of the buoyancy bag 110.

[0185] Figure 7 The device shown in (c) is made on the basis of experiments. The critical temperature of hydrogen is -240.18°C, and neon (melting point: -246°C, critical temperature: -228.6°C, critical pressure: 2.76MPa) with a boiling point of -249°C is selected as the second supercritical fluid 116 at a point below the critical temperature. Figure 7(c) shows that propane gas is pressurized and injected into the first coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container 113 at the critical pressure (including hydrostatic pressure) as the first supercritical fluid 115, and neon gas is injected into the second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container 113 as the second supercritical fluid 116. The neon gas in the cylindrical refrigerant container 114 is pressurized to the critical pressure (2.76MPa), reaching the internal pressure to provide buoyancy and produce the buoyancy bag required for liquid hydrogen.

[0186] like Figure 8 As shown in (A, B, C), in order to produce buoyancy gas for buoyancy bags for exploiting deep-sea resources in the deep sea, a coaxial cylindrical electrode is provided on the device for liquefying part of the buoyancy gas to induce dielectric breakdown. This coaxial cylindrical electrode is cooled by liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied rare gas and electronic cooling elements to obtain the critical temperature of the gas, and the critical pressure is applied to the buoyancy gas by the seabed water pressure. The gas sandwiched between the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is compressed by the seabed water pressure to produce liquefied gas. After the liquefied gas is charged, a voltage higher than the withstand voltage is further applied to the liquefied gas to cause dielectric breakdown. The extremely short pulse heat generated by this dielectric breakdown vaporizes the liquefied gas and causes the volume to expand; it is used as buoyancy gas to form a buoyancy bag. Moreover, when the buoyancy bag begins to rise, as the water depth decreases, the water pressure also decreases, and the volume of the buoyancy bag increases inversely proportional to this. Here, the volume of the buoyancy bag remains unchanged, and only the gas pressure decreases. Based on the experiments, a device was made that can liquefy the buoyancy gas in an amount equal to the pressure reduction.

[0187] Figure 7 (b) and Figure 8 (B) shows a buoyancy bag internal pressure control device made on the basis of experiments, in which nitrogen is filled into the coaxial cylindrical electrode, and the coaxial cylindrical electrode is cooled with liquefied propane gas to generate buoyancy gas for use by the buoyancy bag, and then part of the nitrogen in the buoyancy bag is cooled with liquefied propane gas to reduce the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag.

[0188] By inducing dielectric breakdown in a variety of gases, synthetic chemical reactions can be performed. Figure 1 In the synthetic chemical reaction device shown in (B), when the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is compressed into the thin liquid dielectric layer 7 between the completely sealed metal parallel plate electrodes, only the carbon dioxide gas is liquefied. After the charge is applied to the liquefied carbon dioxide layer, the thickness of the liquefied carbon dioxide layer is made close to zero or the withstand voltage is increased by using the withstand voltage control function 128 and the interfacial tension control function, thereby inducing a dielectric constant on the liquefied carbon dioxide layer. The extremely short pulse heat energy generated by the dielectric breakdown is used to generate gasified carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen; they react with each other to generate hydrocarbons.

[0189] like Fig.14As shown in (A), a flawless thin liquid capsule 6 composed of a liquid dielectric thin layer 5 is formed between a pair of electrodes 2 and 3, and a negative pressure is applied between the liquid dielectric thin layers. The thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer is increased to form a high withstand voltage capacitor. When high voltage charging is performed to store high electrostatic energy, and when connected to a load 18, the voltage begins to drop. Then, as Figure 2 As shown in (B) and (c), negative pressure is applied by the external pressure applying device 8 to keep the output voltage (V1) constant. However, if the dielectric strength of some liquid media is low, the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer needs to be increased, and an insulating layer needs to be covered on the wall surface of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7 to suppress surface discharge. Therefore, Fig.14 As shown in (A), a sealed container is made of a hydrophobic porous fluororesin film, a flawless thin liquid capsule 6 filled with a liquid dielectric is inserted into the sealed container, and a liquid pressurizing device 4 is used to press the liquid dielectric 5 to increase the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer 7. A variable high-voltage capacitor that does not cause surface discharge is obtained.

[0190] like Fig.14 As shown in (C), ten coaxial cylindrical capacitors 162 arranged in parallel were made based on the experiment. A voltage-resistant capacitor prototype was made with an aluminum tube (inner diameter 6 mm) coaxial cylindrical electrode as the negative electrode and a copper round rod (outer diameter 1 mm) as the positive electrode. Pure water or glycerin was used as the liquid dielectric.

[0191] Industrial Applicability

[0192] By causing dielectric breakdown in the charged liquid dielectric layer, the volume expansion of the generated vaporized gas makes it possible to manufacture engines that do not involve combustion and do not require refueling. By applying a charge to the liquid dielectric layer sandwiched between the materials to be welded and further applying pressure, intermolecular force surface welding can be achieved. In addition, by increasing the thickness of the liquid dielectric layer and improving the withstand voltage, a variable high-voltage capacitor for vehicles can be realized.

[0193] Description of Reference Numbers

[0194] 1...Insulating fluid

[0195] 2…A pair of solid surfaces (substrate a)

[0196] 3…A pair of solid surfaces (substrate b)

[0197] 4…Liquid pressurization device

[0198] 5…Liquid dielectric (ε)

[0199] 6. Perfect Slimming Liquid Capsules

[0200] 7…Liquid dielectric thin layer

[0201] 8…External pressure booster

[0202] 9…Insulating fluid pressurizing device

[0203] 10…Positive electrode

[0204] 11…Negative electrode

[0205] 12…Charging device

[0206] 13…Charge / discharge control function

[0207] 14…The first switch

[0208] 15…Second switch

[0209] 16…First capacitor (C1)

[0210] 17…The third switch

[0211] 18…Loading

[0212] 19…Metal

[0213] 20…Non-metal

[0214] 21…The first dielectric capacitor

[0215] 22…Second dielectric capacitor

[0216] 23…The third dielectric capacitor

[0217] 24…Variable liquid dielectric capacitor (Cd)

[0218] 25…Gap indicates dielectric breakdown

[0219] 26…Variable capacitance liquid dielectric capacitor

[0220] 27…Pressure tool for inducing dielectric breakdown

[0221] 28…Second capacitor (C2)

[0222] 29…Transition control function

[0223] 30…Cylinder

[0224] 31…Piston

[0225] 32…Connecting rod (rod)

[0226] 33…Crankshaft

[0227] 34…Wheels

[0228] 35…Bypass for supplementary gasification gas

[0229] 36…Explosion

[0230] 37…The first cylindrical electrode

[0231] 38…Second cylindrical electrode

[0232] 39…The first piston electrode

[0233] 40…Second piston electrode

[0234] 41…First gas injection medium breakdown induction igniter electrode chamber

[0235] 42…Second gas injection medium breakdown induction igniter electrode chamber

[0236] 43…Liquefied gas

[0237] 44…Gas

[0238] 45…Housing

[0239] 46…Rotor

[0240] 47…First rotor electrode

[0241] 48…Second rotor electrode

[0242] 49…Third rotor pole

[0243] 50…First shell electrode

[0244] 51…Second shell electrode

[0245] 52…Bent electrode on the inner wall of the shell

[0246] 53…Air buffer (for shockproof)

[0247] 54…Spring

[0248] 55…Piston head

[0249] 56…Variable volume gas reservoir

[0250] 57…Axial flow compressor

[0251] 58…Pyramid convex electrode

[0252] 59…Pyramid concave electrode

[0253] 60...Gas outlet (gasification gas outlet)

[0254] 61…Gas inlet (liquefied gas inlet)

[0255] 62…Turbine blades

[0256] 63…Double-acting reciprocating engine

[0257] 64…Tubular permanent magnet (S) mover

[0258] 65…Tubular permanent magnet (N) mover

[0259] 66…Hardcore

[0260] 67…Coreless copper wire coil stator

[0261] 68…Fluid injection pump

[0262] 69…Nozzle with first fluid control valve (injection, ejection, ejection direction switching)

[0263] 70...Nozzle with second fluid control valve (injection, jetting, jet direction switching)

[0264] 71…The first piston

[0265] 72…First fluid outlet (nozzle)

[0266] 73 ... Second fluid outlet (nozzle)

[0267] 74…First fluid inlet

[0268] 75…Second fluid inlet

[0269] 76…First fluid compression chamber

[0270] 77…Second fluid compression chamber

[0271] 78…Second piston

[0272] 79…First fluid injection on / off valve

[0273] 80…Second fluid injection on / off valve

[0274] 81…First fluid injection direction changing valve

[0275] 82… Second fluid injection direction changing valve

[0276] 83…First fluid jet shot

[0277] 84…Second fluid jet shot

[0278] 85…First fluid intake valve

[0279] 86…Second fluid intake valve

[0280] 87…The first spherical electrode

[0281] 88…Second spherical electrode

[0282] 89…Concave spherical electrode / piston

[0283] 90…Ship propulsion equipment

[0284] 91…Water kickboard propulsion device (kickboard)

[0285] 92…Submersible hull cutting propulsion device (wine glass type)

[0286] 93…Double-acting reciprocating engine with spherical electrodes

[0287] 94…The first hydraulic cylinder

[0288] 95…Second hydraulic cylinder

[0289] 96…The third hydraulic cylinder

[0290] 97…The first pressure control valve

[0291] 98…Second pressure control valve

[0292] 99…First hydraulic output rod

[0293] 100…Second hydraulic output rod

[0294] 101…Output oil

[0295] 102…Metal coaxial cylindrical electrode group

[0296] 103…Coaxial cylindrical electrode

[0297] 104…The fourth switch

[0298] 105…The third capacitor (C3)

[0299] 106…The fourth capacitor (C4)

[0300] 107…sealed containers for blasting devices

[0301] 108…Sealing cover

[0302] 109…Rocket Nozzle

[0303] 110…buoyancy bag

[0304] 111…Buoyancy bag volume adjustment device

[0305] 112…Open surface of coaxial cylindrical electrode

[0306] 113…The first coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container

[0307] 114…Second coaxial cylindrical refrigerant container

[0308] 115…The first supercritical fluid

[0309] 116…The second supercritical fluid

[0310] 117… Gas cylinder

[0311] 118…Exterior wall

[0312] 119…Interfacial tension conversion isolation membrane

[0313] 120…Hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane

[0314] 121…The first hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane

[0315] 122…Second layer hydrophobic porous fluororesin membrane

[0316] 123... Diaphragm / outer wall of sealed container

[0317] 124…Diaphragm / insulating fluid inlet

[0318] 125…Insulating fluid layer

[0319] 126…Insulating oil

[0320] 127…Insulating oil pressure tool

[0321] 128…Pressure control function (liquid pressurizing device, external pressure pressurizing device)

[0322] 129…Water pressure (deep sea)

[0323] 130…Liquefied gas (air, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium)

[0324] 131…Dielectric Breakdown Sensing Circuit

[0325] 132…Electronic refrigeration element temperature control circuit

[0326] 133…Gas recovery function

[0327] 134…Induced dielectric breakdown electrode

[0328] 135…Refrigerant (liquefied gas)

[0329] 136…Electronic refrigeration components

[0330] 137…Capillary

[0331] 138…Liquid gas storage container

[0332] 139…Rooster

[0333] 140…Central axis electrode

[0334] 141…Coaxial cylindrical outer electrode

[0335] 142…Recycling basket

[0336] 143…Resource loading basket

[0337] 144…Shipwreck

[0338] 145…Gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter (dielectric breakdown induction electrode chamber)

[0339] 146…Opening and closing valves

[0340] 147…Compressor

[0341] 148…Double-acting reciprocating engine

[0342] 149…First fluid inlet valve

[0343] 150… Second fluid intake valve

[0344] 151…Magnetic piston

[0345] 152…Seabed disposal / unused minerals (and ballast)

[0346] 153…First buoyancy gas injection function valve

[0347] 154…Second buoyancy air injection function valve

[0348] 155…First buoyancy gas injection function nozzle

[0349] 156…second buoyancy gas injection function nozzle

[0350] 161…Copper magnetic induction hot water boiler

[0351] 162…Coaxial cylindrical capacitor

[0352] 163…Triangular rotor engine

[0353] 164… Cam rotary engine

[0354] 165…bladed rotor engine

[0355] 166…Weathervane

[0356] 167…conical concave

[0357] 168…conical convex surface

[0358] 169…Round rotor

[0359] 170…Conductive metal surface, used to induce dielectric breakdown

[0360] 171…Gasification gas nozzle

[0361] 172 ... Coaxial cylindrical electrode with separate inlet and nozzle.

Claims

1. An energy conversion device utilizing gas phase change, characterized in that: The capacitor comprises a sealed electrode cavity in which a fluid dielectric composed of a liquid dielectric containing liquefied gas or pure water and / or a gas dielectric made by evaporation of said liquid dielectric is sandwiched in a gap between a pair of positive and negative electrodes, the electrodes being composed of metal and / or solid dielectrics having flat or curved surfaces, and said fluid dielectric being surrounded by an insulating compartment including an atmospheric wall due to meniscus forces; The capacitor is a variable capacitance capacitor, characterized in that a pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device is provided for controlling the fluid medium in the sealed electrode chamber, and the pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device has at least one of the following functions: liquid thickness adjustment function, opening / closing insulation partition function, pressurization function, pressure-applying / drive transmission function, dielectric breakdown induction function, critical temperature control function, coolant cooling function, thermoelectric element cooling function, supporting mobile wall, charging control function; and, The liquid thickness adjustment function induces dielectric breakdown by shortening the thickness of the liquid dielectric and / or applying a strong electric field to the liquid dielectric, or establishes a high dielectric strength capacitor by lengthening the thickness of the liquid dielectric; In the case of inducing the dielectric breakdown, after charging the variable capacitance capacitor using the charge control function, causing breakdown in the liquid dielectric to the gap between the positive and negative electrodes by shortening the distance between the positive and negative electrodes and / or applying a voltage higher than the dielectric strength thereof, thereby generating pulse heat; and The energy conversion device is one of the following devices: a welding device for connecting a pair of metals and / or solid dielectrics sandwiching the liquid dielectric by using the pulse heat; A gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter, comprising said sealed chamber, wherein said gaseous dielectric is produced by evaporating and expanding said liquid dielectric through said pulse heat; A device for instantaneously ejecting expansion gas, characterized in that after the gas is ejected, a medium breakdown induction igniter contains pressurized liquefied gas at room temperature, the critical temperature of the liquid medium is 273K or higher, and the liquid medium is composed of heteronuclear diatomic molecules, which is thrust or explosive force; An engine device, including a reciprocating engine, a rotary engine having a circular rotor, or a rotary engine having a triangular rotor, which repeats the operations of converting the expanded gas into a gas liquefied under pressure at room temperature, ejecting a medium from the gas to penetrate an induction igniter, reliquefying the gas medium using the pressure application / drive transmission function, and reliquefying the gas medium using the pressurization function using a portion of the drive power; A buoyancy device for exploiting seabed resources, having the function of adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of a buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure, wherein the liquid medium of the injected gas jet medium breakdown induction igniter is a gas liquefied at room temperature. The liquefied gas is composed of homonuclear diatomic molecules with a critical temperature of 273K or lower, and its volume expansion is accompanied by the evaporation of the liquid dielectric, which is made of the gas liquefied at room temperature or pressure repeatedly, and the low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas is injected into the buoyancy bag, thereby adjusting the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure during the dive, and rising from the seabed; When the liquid dielectric is pure water, A steam engine device, a device or an engine device suitable for instantaneously ejecting an expanded gas, which repeats an operation / transmitting driving function of causing dielectric breakdown in the pure water and converting the steam evaporated and expanded by the pulse heat into a driving force, and an operation of re-liquefying the vaporized and expanded steam through the pressurizing function using a part of the driving power; In the case of manufacturing the high dielectric strength capacitor, A variable high-voltage power supply with high dielectric strength is characterized in that after the thickness of the liquid dielectric is increased by the pressure-applying / pressure-receiving device, the variable capacitance capacitor is charged with high voltage.

2. The energy conversion device using gas phase change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure applying / pressure receiving device has at least one of the following functions: The liquid thickness adjustment function is used to control the layer thickness of the liquid dielectric; The dielectric breakdown inducing function induces dielectric breakdown by reducing the layer thickness of the liquid dielectric to near zero; The function is used to open / close the insulating partition wall to release the vaporized liquid dielectric through the insulating partition wall; The pressurizing function for liquefying the gaseous dielectric; The coolant cooling function is used to liquefy the gaseous dielectric; The critical temperature control function is used to suppress the reliquefaction of the gaseous dielectric caused by the dielectric breakdown due to the self-generated pressure of the gaseous dielectric; The charging control function charges the capacitor until before dielectric breakdown, applies a high electric field to induce dielectric breakdown, and cuts off the charger power supply when dielectric breakdown occurs; The thermoelectric element cooling function serves as an auxiliary device for lowering the boiling point of the low-temperature pressurized liquefied gas, which is pressurized and liquefied in the atmosphere of the normal-temperature pressurized liquefied gas; The pressure application / drive transmission function is used to convert the vaporized gas that expands during the evaporation of the liquid dielectric into energy; as well as, The function is to support the moving wall to pressurize the pressure contact surface between the piston head and the cylinder face of a reciprocating engine or between the rotor and the housing of a rotary engine, these surfaces sharing the pressurizing function and the pressure applying / drive transmission function.

3. The energy conversion device using gas phase change according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is equipped with the positive and negative electrodes, which are made of metal and / or non-metal and have one of the following shapes: parallel plate electrodes: coaxial cylindrical electrodes: coaxial circular surface electrodes, including coaxial multi-stage cylinders, in which the coaxial cone or the cone of the coaxial cone is replaced by a multi-stage cylinder: or coaxial concave / convex conical electrodes, having a concave surface and a convex surface of a pair of concentric spherical electrodes or conical electrodes.

4. The gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter according to claim 1 and claim 3, which induces dielectric breakdown, characterized in that: The gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter has an electrode made of metal and is constructed such that the insulating partition wall is covered with a solid material, and the inlet of the liquid medium and the injection nozzle of the evaporated gas are integrated and the inlet of the liquid dielectric and the nozzle of the evaporated gas are separated, and the electrode structure is such that an amount of the liquid dielectric sufficient to generate a required pressure in a state of expanding gas is filled in the gas jet dielectric induction igniter, causing dielectric breakdown instantaneously; If the inlet for the liquid dielectric and the nozzle for the evaporation gas are the same, The igniter is one of the following gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniters: A gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter that induces partial discharge by bringing the conductive metal surface of the piston head or rotor to positive and negative electrodes placed at the nozzle of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter: A gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter that generates a strong electric field, having electrodes configured so that the electrode distance between some electrodes of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is reduced; and The igniter is equipped with one of the following electrodes: The cylindrical surface or piston head of the parallel plate electrode approaches at the nozzle of the gasification gas of the expanding gas, and dielectric breakdown is caused before the cylindrical surface or the piston head contacts them: The coaxial cylindrical electrode is composed of a cylindrical electrode equipped with the expansion gas injection nozzle and a cylindrical rod as the central axis. composition: The coaxial conical electrode is composed of a conical electrode with the injection nozzle of the expansion gas as the widest point and a cylindrical rod as the central axis: The coaxial concave-convex conical electrode is a conical electrode with an expanded gas nozzle as the widest point and a conical convex surface as the central axis. composition: The coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode is composed of a multi-stage cylinder with a wide jet nozzle of the expansion gas and a cylindrical rod as a central axis; and, When the gasification gas nozzle and the liquid dielectric inlet are separated, the igniter is equipped with one of the following electrodes: A coaxial cylindrical electrode, the inlet and nozzle of which are separate, the liquefied gas is injected directly through the inlet of the liquid medium, which is sealed by a stopcock, and the nozzle is covered with a booster valve with a reaction force below the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, so that the liquid dielectric is charged and the liquid dielectric is broken down by applying a voltage higher than the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric: or The coaxial cylindrical electrode has a separate inlet and nozzle, wherein the coaxial cylindrical electrode has an inlet for the liquid dielectric, the inlet is arranged on the side of the shell, the space enclosed by the contact surface of the rotor with the shell and the rotation speed of the blades of the rotary engine with a circular rotor is close to zero, thereby causing dielectric breakdown in the area where the space enclosed by the contact surface of the rotor with the shell and the blades begins to increase. The nozzle is arranged on the side of the shell, the nozzle is covered by the pressurizing valve, the pressurizing valve has a reaction force lower than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, and, after the liquid dielectric is charged, partial discharge occurs by bringing the conductive metal surfaces of the rotor and the blades close to the positive and negative electrodes located at the inlet of the liquid dielectric.

5. The welding device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The positive and negative electrodes are the parallel flat plates or the coaxial concave-convex cone electrodes and are the surfaces to be welded; the liquid dielectric is filled in the gap between a pair of the surfaces to be welded and is made of non-metals such as ceramics and plastics and / or metals; a sealed electrode chamber is provided, which is formed by an atmospheric air wall due to the meniscus force; In a state where the variable capacitance capacitor is charged, the gap between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is shortened by the pressure applying / receiving device until before short circuit, thereby causing dielectric breakdown; and even after dielectric breakdown, the pressure is continued until welding is completed.

6. The welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid medium used by the welding device is pure water, oil or alcohol.

7. The welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: When using the above-mentioned welding device, at least one pair of materials to be welded is placed between the positive and negative current collectors, and the materials to be welded are made of electrodes made of metal and / or ceramics, polymer materials, wood, paper, rubber, paint and other non-metallic materials; the liquid dielectric is sandwiched between the pair of materials to be welded, and is regarded as a composite dielectric capacitor, so that the liquid dielectric is broken down, so that the pair of materials to be welded are welded together; therefore, the device welds the following together: the pair of materials to be welded are solid materials, not limited to metals or non-metals: and layered materials, wherein the pair of solid materials sandwiching the liquid dielectric are connected in series.

8. The instantaneous injection device of expansion gas according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The device for instantaneously ejecting the expanded gas is provided with at least one gas ejection medium breakdown induction igniter, the normal temperature pressurized liquefied gas is enclosed in the sealed electrode chamber, and the inlet of the liquefied gas is sealed; and The following devices contain the above-mentioned liquid dielectric as one of their components: Rocket engine, wherein the gas nozzle is covered with a booster valve with a reaction pressure lower than the critical pressure of the liquefied gas, the booster valve is opened by the exhaust pressure of the gasified gas, and the liquefied gas is higher than the critical pressure, and a nozzle is provided at the rear of the booster valve: A sandblasting device, wherein the nozzle for spraying the gas is completely sealed; After the liquid dielectric is charged, a voltage higher than the dielectric strength of the liquid dielectric is applied to induce breakdown in the liquid dielectric, thereby converting the exhaust pressure of the gasified gas whose volume has expanded into energy.

9. The instantaneous injection device of expansion gas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid dielectric is pure water or a gas that is liquefied under pressure at room temperature.

10. The engine device according to claim 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that: The engine device is a reciprocating engine device or a rotary engine device, equipped with the gas injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter and the pressure application / drive transmission function, which is used to convert the gasified gas expanded during the evaporation process into driving power; The engine device includes one of the following engines: A reciprocating engine, wherein one of said parallel plate electrodes is a surface of a cylinder, i.e. a stationary part, and the other is a piston head, and said piston head is close to the surface of said cylinder to cause dielectric breakdown; A reciprocating engine, wherein at least one electrode, namely, the coaxial cylindrical electrode, the coaxial conical electrode or the coaxial multi-stage cylindrical electrode, is placed on the surface of a cylinder, a fixed part, or on the surface of a piston, a moving part, and the piston head is close to the surface of the gas jet dielectric breakdown inducing igniter to induce dielectric breakdown; The rotary engine has a circular rotor, wherein at least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is placed on the surface of the fixed part housing, and the surface of the moving part rotor is close to the surface of the fixed part housing, causing dielectric breakdown; The rotary engine has a circular rotor, wherein at least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is disposed on the surface of the rotor moving part, the surface of the rotor moving part is in close contact with the surface of the housing, fixing the element, causing dielectric breakdown; The rotary engine has a triangular rotor, wherein at least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is vertically placed on the surface of the housing of the fixed component, and the surface of the rotor as a moving component is close to the housing, the fixed component, causing dielectric breakdown; The rotary engine has a triangular rotor, wherein at least one of the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is vertically placed on the rotor surface of the movable part and the surface of the cocoon-shaped shell of the fixed part, and the rotors are close together to cause dielectric breakdown.

11. A double-acting reciprocating engine, comprising the engine device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The reciprocating engine is equipped with first and second gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter electrode chambers, and at least one of the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniters is respectively provided on two cylinder faces sandwiching the first and second piston faces; and The liquefied gas evaporates and expands in the first gas injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter electrode chamber, compresses the first piston surface, and transmits the driving force out of the system through the interlocking connecting rod; at the same time, by compressing the second piston surface, the gas is liquefied in the second gas injection dielectric breakdown induction igniter electrode chamber, and these operations are performed in conjunction.

12. The rotary engine with a circular rotor according to claim 4 and claim 10, characterized in that: The rotor is a circular rotor engine, and the rotor surface and stator shell surface are both circular. It is composed of a cam-type rotor engine with at least one blade installed on the side of the stator shell and a blade-type rotor engine with two blades installed on the side of the rotor. In addition, a gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is also installed on the side of the stator shell surface. The gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter has the coaxial cylindrical electrode, and its inlet and nozzle are separated. When the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter is located on one side of the rotor surface, the inlet of the liquid medium of the coaxial cylindrical electrode and the nozzle of the vaporized gas are the same.

13. The engine device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The gas that is pressurized and liquefied at room temperature is butane, propane, ammonia, carbon dioxide or pure water.

14. The engine device according to claim 10, characterized in that: When the double-acting reciprocating engine or the rotary engine is used, the engine device drives a device including the following devices: Generator, wherein the pressure / transmission function device is provided with a magnet; A dielectric heating device using dielectric heating, wherein the pressure / drive transfer function is provided with a magnet; a heating / cooling device, wherein the pressure / drive transfer function is linked to a pump for adiabatically expanding or adiabatically compressing a gas for heating / cooling; An air ejector wherein the pressure application / drive transfer function is linked to a pump for adiabatically expanding or adiabatically compressing atmospheric air; A water ejector, wherein the pressure / drive transfer function device is linked to a water expansion or compression pump; A linear generator, characterized in that the piston head in the cylinder of the double-acting reciprocating engine is replaced by a magnet, and a coil is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder; A linear generator wherein the pressure / transmission function of the double-acting reciprocating engine is provided with magnets.

15. The buoyancy device for seabed resource exploitation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It has the function of adjusting the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the balance of hydrostatic pressure, among which, After the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the liquefied gas made of homonuclear diatomic molecules are injected into the gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniter as a dielectric breakdown induction electrode, dielectric breakdown occurs very frequently and repeatedly, thereby generating a large amount of gasified gas composed of the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the homonuclear diatomic molecules with a pressure higher than the hydrostatic pressure, which instantly fills the buoyancy bag, and in order to suppress the volume expansion of the buoyancy bag during the ascent, the gasified gas is liquefied while maintaining the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag in balance with the hydrostatic pressure after being filled; When in use, the gasified gas formed by the expansion of at least one of the following liquefied gases during evaporation is injected into the buoyancy bag, and the balance between the internal pressure of the buoyancy bag and the hydrostatic pressure is adjusted during the descent process to reach and rise to the seabed: Carbon dioxide, which consists of heteronuclear diatomic molecules, is said to be a gas that liquefies when pressurized at room temperature: Gases that liquefy under pressure at low temperatures, consisting of homonuclear diatomic molecules other than halogens, with a critical temperature of 237 K or lower, or gases that liquefy under pressure at room temperature; If the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecule is higher than the boiling point of neon, the homonuclear diatomic molecule compressed by the pressurizing function is cooled by the gas liquefied under pressure at room temperature, thereby producing a liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecule; If the boiling point of the homonuclear diatomic molecules is lower than the boiling point of neon, liquefied hydrogen gas produced by compressing hydrogen gas and cooling liquefied neon, wherein the liquefied neon is produced by compressing a gas mixture containing the gas liquefied under pressure at room temperature and the homonuclear diatomic molecules by utilizing the pressurizing function, and further by cooling the liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecules to have the cooling function of the thermoelectric element; If the boiling point of the rare gas is lower than the boiling point of the neon, the liquefied helium produced by compressing the helium is cooled with liquefied neon, and the liquefied neon is produced by compressing a gas mixture containing the gas liquefied under pressure at room temperature and homonuclear diatomic molecules by utilizing the pressurization function, and the liquefied homonuclear diatomic molecules are further cooled with liquefied neon, and the thermoelectric element has a refrigeration function.

16. The buoyancy device for exploiting seabed resources according to claim 15, which has the function of collecting the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or the homonuclear diatomic molecules, characterized in that: The reduction in internal pressure of the buoyancy bag is controlled by liquefying the heteronuclear diatomic molecules or a portion of the homonuclear diatomic molecules through at least one supercritical fluid so as to reduce only the internal pressure while keeping the volume of the buoyancy bag fixed. Since the buoyancy increases by 0.1 times for every additional meter as the buoyancy bag rises from the deep sea, the volume of the buoyancy bag also increases by 0.1 times for every additional meter.

17. The buoyancy device for exploiting seabed resources according to claim 15, characterized in that: When using the above double-acting reciprocating engine to generate a large amount of buoyancy gas at high pressure for a short period of time in the deep sea, the buoyancy device has: first and second gas compression / expansion chambers in a cylinder with a piston located in the middle; The two faces of the piston, namely the surfaces of the first and second pistons, are simultaneously conductive metal surfaces for inducing dielectric decomposition; A first valve and a second valve having a buoyancy gas injection function; A first nozzle and a second nozzle having a buoyancy gas injection function; first and second coaxial cylindrical metal electrode sets, comprised of at least one of said gas jet dielectric breakdown induction igniters; and First and second coaxial cylindrical containers, used to contain a coolant, and use the coolant to cool the first and second buoyancy gases in the first and second coaxial cylindrical metal electrode groups; and, On the one hand, a high-pressure buoyancy gas is generated by inducing dielectric breakdown in the first or second coaxial cylindrical metal electrode group; on the other hand, the buoyancy gas injected through the buoyancy gas injection valve is compressed and liquefied, and the buoyancy gas is pressed into the buoyancy bag through the buoyancy gas injection valve; and These operations are repeated alternately in the first and second coaxial cylindrical metal electrode groups and the first and second gas compression / expansion chambers to generate high-pressure buoyancy gas in a short period of time.

18. The high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive and negative electrodes in the sealed electrode chamber are both metal electrodes formed by parallel plates or coaxial cones, a liquid dielectric is filled between the positive and negative electrodes, and a high voltage is carried at the widened electrode spacing of the variable capacitance capacitor.

19. The high dielectric strength adjustable high voltage power supply according to claim 18, characterized in that: The liquid dielectric is pure water, alcohol or aromatic compound.

20. A high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supply device, comprising the variable capacitance capacitor according to claim 18, characterized in that: When the variable high voltage power supply with high dielectric strength is used to increase the thickness of the liquid dielectric until the required withstand voltage is reached, When the liquid dielectric is viscous, the meniscus force is used to: If the liquid dielectric is pure water, an elastic side wall is provided at the boundary between the insulating fluid and the liquid dielectric thin layer, and in order to prevent the insulating fluid from entering and forming a sealed container surrounding the liquid dielectric thin layer, a hydrophobic porous fluororesin film having waterproof and oil-proof properties serves as both an isolation film and a side wall of the sealed container, and the side wall, i.e., the first hydrophobic porous fluororesin film, is converted into an insulating thin layer. Oil pressure resistance of the liquid pressure forms an oil film on the liquid dielectric thin layer side, thereby preventing surface discharge.

21. A high dielectric strength variable high voltage power supply device, comprising the variable capacitance capacitor according to claim 17, characterized in that: The variable capacitance capacitor is charged at a voltage lower than the withstand voltage of the liquid dielectric, and the capacitance is reduced by increasing the thickness of the liquid dielectric thin layer, and the voltage drop caused by continuous discharge is corrected by increasing the output voltage, thereby reducing the pressure generated by the pressurizing device.

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