Efficient seedling raising method for epimedium sagittatum

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to an efficient seedling raising method for epimedium sagittatum. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: collecting seeds, primarily screening, collecting seeds from fruits, shelling, screening out naturally mature epimedium sagittatum seeds, and drying in the sun; treating the seeds, namely performing after-ripening treatment on the dry seeds subjected to primary screening, screening out full seeds through a water screening method, disinfecting the seeds, airing the disinfected seeds, uniformly mixing the aired seeds with river sand according to a ratio, keeping the temperature and the humidity, and storing; qualified seeds are screened out through quality detection; the qualified seeds are subjected to seedling raising, and the qualified seeds are subjected to seed dressing, sowing, seedling raising condition management and transplanting. The seedling emergence period is shortened through seed treatment and seed quality detection, the seedling emergence uniformity and the seedling emergence rate are improved, the seedling raising method is easy and convenient to operate, the seed consumption is reduced, the seedling raising cost is reduced, and large-scale application and popularization are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material seedling breeding, and particularly relates to an efficient seedling breeding method for Epimedium sagittatum. Background Art

[0002] Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Epimedium in the Berberidaceae family. Its dried leaves and roots have the effects of tonifying kidney yang, strengthening tendons and bones, and removing rheumatism. It is an important raw material for a new class of drugs for the treatment of liver cancer, icariin soft capsules. Traditional seedling cultivation methods for Epimedium sagittatum mainly rely on seed propagation and ramet propagation, but ramet propagation has problems such as provenance degradation and poor ramet growth. Currently, seed propagation is more often used for seedling cultivation.

[0003] The sagittaria is an infinite inflorescence, with more than 200 flowers on one inflorescence. In the process of seed formation, it has the characteristic of gradually maturing. However, since the capsule has the characteristic of naturally cracking after maturity, the seeds are generally collected when more than half of the seeds in the inflorescence are mature, which causes a large number of immature seeds in the seeds. This type of seeds is difficult to distinguish from mature seeds, which is an important reason for the poor uniformity of seedling emergence. In addition, since the sagittaria seeds have the dormant characteristics of morphological after-ripening, the emergence rate of untreated seeds is less than 10%. At present, the emergence amount and uniformity of seedlings are mainly increased by increasing the sowing amount, the seedling investment cost is high, and the seedling quality of a plot varies greatly. Therefore, the literature or patent reports that the epimedium seeds must be broken dormancy treatment, but the main technical concerns are how to treat the seeds, and ignore the extent to which the seeds can be sown, and the seeds that meet the quality requirements after treatment have a high emergence rate after sowing, that is, the problems of seedling cost, emergence rate, uniformity and quality uniformity have not been solved, and it is difficult to meet the growing market demand. Therefore, developing an efficient, low-cost seedling cultivation method that can ensure stable quality of Epimedium sagittatum seedlings has important practical application value. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide an efficient seedling raising method for Epimedium sagittatum, which can effectively improve the emergence rate and uniformity of seedlings, reduce the amount of seeds and the cost of seedling raising, and solve the problems existing in the existing production.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A seedling raising method of Epimedium sagittatum, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Seed collection and initial screening: In May and June, when more than 2 / 3 of the fruits in the inflorescence are ripe, the fruits are collected and shelled, and the brown and ripe Epimedium sagittatum seeds are screened out and dried in the sun to obtain dry seeds.

[0008] S2. Seed processing: The dry seeds after the initial screening are subjected to post-ripening treatment, plump seeds are screened out by water screening method, the seeds are disinfected, the disinfected seeds are dried, the dried seeds are mixed with river sand, placed in a breathable woven bag and tied, and the temperature and humidity are maintained for storage for 60-67 days.

[0009] S3. Quality inspection to select seeds of qualified quality: observe the embryos of the processed seeds and conduct quality inspection every 7 days. When the proportion of fully developed embryos is above 85%, seeds of qualified quality are obtained.

[0010] S4. Raise seedlings for seeds of qualified quality: mix seeds of qualified quality, sow them, manage seedling conditions, and transplant them.

[0011] Furthermore, the moisture content of the dry seeds in step S1 is 8-12%, for example, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11% or 12%.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the dry seeds after the initial screening are subjected to a post-ripening treatment, including: storing the dry seeds at 10-12° C. for 40-50 days.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the mature and plump seeds are screened out using a water screening method; the water screening method includes the following conditions: the ratio of water to seeds is 10-15:1 (for example, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1 or 15:1), the water screening is performed 3-5 times, and the seeds that fall to the bottom of the water within 10 minutes after the water screening are plump seeds; wherein the purpose of the water screening method is to remove the unfull and low-maturity seeds floating on the upper layer of the water.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the ratio of the dried seeds to the river sand is 1:10-15; the humidity of the river sand is 50-60%. For example, the ratio of the dried seeds to the river sand is 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14 or 1:15; the humidity of the river sand is 50%, 52%, 55%, 58% or 60%.

[0015] Furthermore, the seeds are disinfected in step S2 by soaking them in a 0.5-2% carbendazim aqueous solution for 15-40 minutes.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature and humidity of the storage are maintained at 9-11° C. and the humidity is maintained at 68-72%.

[0017] Furthermore, the quality inspection method of step S3 is as follows: random sampling, the sample size shall not be less than 10 g or the sample size shall be more than 2,500 seeds; the quartering method is used for sampling, four replicates are taken, each replicate has no less than 100 seeds, the seeds are broken open, and the embryo development is observed to see that the morphological development of the entire embryo is complete.

[0018] Furthermore, the seed mixing in step S4 includes: mixing seeds of qualified quality with fine humus soil in a ratio of 2-6:1; seed mixing can protect the seed coat and prevent the seed coat from breaking and reducing the sowing quality.

[0019] Furthermore, the sowing in step S4 includes: sowing the mixed seeds on a humus soil and farmyard manure matrix with a mass ratio of 10-15:1, and then evenly covering 0.5-2 cm with a fine humus soil and fine soil mixed matrix with a mass ratio of 2-5:1.

[0020] Furthermore, the sowing rate in step S4 is 1.0-1.3 g / m 2 , for example, 1.0 g / m 2 , 1.1g / m 2 , 1.2g / m 2 or 1.3 g / m 2 .

[0021] Furthermore, the seedling raising condition management described in step S4 includes: maintaining the humidity condition of the nursery at 50-60%, and covering the nursery with a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70%.

[0022] Under the seedling raising condition management of the present invention, seedlings generally begin to emerge after 20-25 days, and are completed after 45 days, with a seedling emergence rate higher than 85%. The seedling survival rate is calculated 3 months after the completion of seedling emergence, and the seedling survival rate is higher than 80%.

[0023] The transplanting is to transplant the seedlings into the field 8 months after the germination is completed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) Shorten the germination period and improve the uniformity of germination: Through seed after-ripening treatment and seed quality testing, the germination time is concentrated from the current 4 months to 2 months, and the uniformity of seedling germination is improved to more than 85%;

[0026] (2) Improved germination rate: By processing seeds and testing seed quality, the state of seeds before sowing is clarified, and the seeds that can be sown are controlled by scientific means, thereby improving the germination rate from the current 50%-60% to more than 85%;

[0027] (3) The seedling raising method of the present invention is easy to operate, does not require complicated equipment and technical support, reduces the amount of seeds used, reduces the cost of seedling raising, and is conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

[0028] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become obvious from the description, or be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the specific embodiments pointed out in the description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is the dried seeds of Epimedium sagittatum;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-section of Epimedium sagittatum seeds before treatment;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of Epimedium sagittatum seeds of qualified quality;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram of transplantable seedlings of Epimedium sagittatum after germination is complete in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation scheme of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. The technical terms and scientific terms used in the present invention have the meanings generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, without other definitions. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various improvements and changes to the specific implementation methods of the present invention specification, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] An efficient seedling raising method for Epimedium sagittatum, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Seed collection and initial screening: In May and June, when more than 2 / 3 of the fruits in the inflorescence are ripe, the fruits are collected and shelled, and the ripe brown seeds of Epimedium sagittatum are screened out and dried in the sun until the moisture content of the seeds is 10%. The dried seeds of Epimedium sagittatum are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is brown.

[0037] Specifically, the color of the seeds after shelling varies greatly, and a seed color sorter can be used to screen out the mature brown seeds.

[0038] The cross section of Epimedium sagittatum seeds before treatment is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the embryo cannot be seen in the seed cross section at this time, which is consistent with the dormancy characteristics of Epimedium sagittatum after the seed morphology matures.

[0039] S2. Seed processing: The dry seeds after the initial screening are subjected to post-ripening treatment, plump seeds are screened out by water screening method, the seeds are disinfected, the disinfected seeds are air-dried, the air-dried seeds are mixed with river sand with a humidity of 60% in a ratio of 1:12, placed in a breathable woven bag and tied, and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 10°C and a humidity of 70% for 61 days.

[0040] Specifically, the post-ripening treatment includes: storing dry seeds with a moisture content of 10% in a refrigerator at 10° C. for 50 days.

[0041] Specifically, a water screening method is used to screen out plump seeds, and the water screening method includes the following conditions: the ratio of water to seeds is 10:1, the water screening is washed 4 times, and the seeds that fall to the bottom of the water within 10 minutes after water screening are mature and plump seeds.

[0042] Specifically, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 0.5% carbendazim aqueous solution for 30 minutes.

[0043] S3. Quality inspection to select seeds of qualified quality: observe the embryos of the processed seeds and conduct quality inspection every 7 days. When the proportion of fully developed embryos is above 85%, seeds of qualified quality are obtained.

[0044] Specifically, the quality inspection method is as follows: randomly sample the processed seeds, with a sample size of 10 g; use the quartering method to divide the samples, take four replicates, with no less than 100 seeds in each replicate, break the seeds with a scalpel, and observe the embryo development. The embryo should develop until the entire embryo's morphology is fully developed.

[0045] In this embodiment, seeds with qualified quality were obtained after four quality tests. The quality test process is as follows:

[0046] In the first quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for 34%;

[0047] In the second quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 57%;

[0048] In the third quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 71%;

[0049] In the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for 86%.

[0050] After the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for more than 85%, and qualified seeds were obtained. The sand was screened out and prepared for sowing.

[0051] S4. Raise seedlings for seeds of qualified quality: mix seeds of qualified quality, sow them, manage seedling conditions, and transplant them.

[0052] Specifically, seed mixing includes: mixing seeds of qualified quality with fine humus soil in a ratio of 4:1;

[0053] The sowing process includes: sowing the mixed seeds on a humus soil and farmyard manure substrate with a mass ratio of 12:1, and evenly covering them by 1 cm with a fine humus soil and fine soil mixed substrate with a mass ratio of 2:1;

[0054] Specifically, the seeds used for sowing are wet seeds, and the sowing rate is 1.2g / m 2 ;

[0055] Seedling condition management includes: the humidity of the nursery is maintained at 60%, and the nursery is covered with a shade net with a light transmittance of 70%.

[0056] Seedlings began to emerge 27 days after sowing. The number of seedlings was counted after emergence. On the 43rd day, there was no more increase in seedlings, and the emergence was confirmed to be complete. The emergence rate was counted and the emergence rate was 91%.

[0057] Three months later, the seedling survival rate was counted and the rate was 88%.

[0058] like Figure 4 The seedlings are shown in the photo 8 months after emergence. The seedlings can be transplanted into the field.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] An efficient seedling raising method for Epimedium sagittatum, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1. Seed collection and initial screening: From May to June, when more than 2 / 3 of the fruits in the inflorescence are ripe, the fruits are collected and shelled, and the ripe brown seeds of Epimedium sagittatum are screened out and sun-dried until the moisture content of the seeds is 10%.

[0062] Specifically, the color of the seeds after shelling varies greatly, and a seed color sorter can be used to screen out the brown seeds.

[0063] S2. Seed processing: The dry seeds after the initial screening are subjected to post-ripening treatment, plump seeds are screened out by water screening method, the seeds are sterilized, the sterilized seeds are air-dried, the air-dried seeds are mixed with river sand with a humidity of 50% in a ratio of 1:11, placed in a breathable woven bag and tied, and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 10°C and a humidity of 70% for 60 days.

[0064] Specifically, the post-ripening treatment includes: storing dry seeds with a moisture content of 10% in a refrigerator at 12° C. for 45 days.

[0065] Specifically, a water screening method is used to screen out plump seeds, and the water screening method includes the following conditions: the ratio of water to seeds is 10:1, the water screening is washed 3 times, and the seeds that fall to the bottom of the water within 10 minutes after water screening are mature and plump seeds.

[0066] Specifically, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 1% carbendazim aqueous solution for 30 minutes.

[0067] S3. Quality inspection to select seeds of qualified quality: observe the embryos of the processed seeds and conduct quality inspection every 7 days. When the proportion of fully developed embryos is above 85%, seeds of qualified quality are obtained.

[0068] Specifically, the quality inspection method is as follows: randomly sample 2,500 seeds from the processed seeds; use the quartering method to divide the samples, take four replicates, and each replicate has no less than 100 seeds. Use a scalpel to break the seeds and observe the embryo development. The embryo should develop until the entire embryo's morphology is fully developed.

[0069] In this embodiment, seeds with qualified quality were obtained after four quality tests. The quality test process is as follows:

[0070] In the first quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for 41%;

[0071] In the second quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 59%;

[0072] In the third quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 73%;

[0073] In the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for 87%.

[0074] After the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for more than 85%, and qualified seeds were obtained. The sand was screened out and prepared for sowing.

[0075] S4. Raise seedlings for seeds of qualified quality: mix seeds of qualified quality, sow them, manage seedling conditions, and transplant them.

[0076] Specifically, seed mixing includes: mixing seeds of qualified quality with fine humus soil in a ratio of 3:1;

[0077] The sowing process includes: sowing the mixed seeds on a humus soil and farmyard manure substrate with a mass ratio of 10:1, and evenly covering them by 1.5 cm with a fine humus soil and fine soil mixed substrate with a mass ratio of 3:1;

[0078] Specifically, the seeds used for sowing are wet seeds, and the sowing rate is 1.0g / m 2 ;

[0079] Seedling condition management includes: the humidity of the nursery is maintained at 60%, and the nursery is covered with a shade net with a light transmittance of 70%.

[0080] Seedlings began to emerge 23 days after sowing. The number of seedlings was counted after emergence. On the 41st day, there was no more increase in seedlings, and the emergence was confirmed to be complete. The emergence rate was counted and it was 87%.

[0081] Three months later, the seedling survival rate was counted and the rate was 86%.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] An efficient seedling raising method for Epimedium sagittatum, comprising the following steps:

[0084] S1. From May to June, when more than 2 / 3 of the fruits in the inflorescence are ripe, the fruits are collected and shelled, and the ripe brown seeds of Epimedium sagittatum are screened out and sun-dried until the moisture content of the seeds is 10%.

[0085] Specifically, the color of the seeds after shelling varies greatly, and a seed color sorter can be used to screen out the brown seeds.

[0086] S2. Seed processing: The dry seeds after the initial screening are subjected to post-ripening treatment, plump seeds are screened out by water screening method, the seeds are sterilized, the sterilized seeds are air-dried, the air-dried seeds are mixed with river sand with a humidity of 60% in a ratio of 1:10, placed in a breathable woven bag and tied, and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 10°C and a humidity of 70% for 60 days.

[0087] Specifically, the post-ripening treatment includes: storing dry seeds with a moisture content of 10% in a refrigerator at 12° C. for 45 days.

[0088] Specifically, a water screening method is used to screen out plump seeds, and the water screening method includes the following conditions: the ratio of water to seeds is 10:1, the water screening is washed 5 times, and the seeds that fall to the bottom of the water within 10 minutes after water screening are mature and plump seeds.

[0089] Specifically, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 0.5% carbendazim aqueous solution for 30 minutes.

[0090] S3. Quality inspection to select seeds of qualified quality: observe the embryos of the processed seeds and conduct quality inspection every 7 days. When the proportion of fully developed embryos is above 85%, seeds of qualified quality are obtained.

[0091] Specifically, the quality inspection method is as follows: randomly sample the processed seeds, with a sample size of 10 g; use the quartering method to divide the samples, take four replicates, with no less than 100 seeds in each replicate, break the seeds with a scalpel, and observe the embryo development. The embryo should develop until the entire embryo's morphology is fully developed.

[0092] In this embodiment, seeds with qualified quality were obtained after four quality tests. The quality test process is as follows:

[0093] In the first quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 46%;

[0094] In the second quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 63%;

[0095] In the third quality inspection, the percentage of fully developed embryos was 74%;

[0096] In the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for 88%.

[0097] After the fourth quality inspection, the number of fully developed embryos accounted for more than 85%, and qualified seeds were obtained. The sand was screened out and prepared for sowing.

[0098] S4. Raise seedlings for seeds of qualified quality: mix seeds of qualified quality, sow them, manage seedling conditions, and transplant them.

[0099] Specifically, seed dressing includes: mixing seeds of qualified quality with fine humus soil in a ratio of 2:1;

[0100] The sowing process includes: sowing the mixed seeds on a humus soil and farmyard manure substrate with a mass ratio of 14:1, and evenly covering them by 0.5 cm with a fine humus soil and fine soil mixed substrate with a mass ratio of 4:1;

[0101] Specifically, the seeds used for sowing are wet seeds, and the sowing rate is 1.1g / m 2 ;

[0102] Seedling condition management includes: the humidity of the nursery is maintained at 60%, and the nursery is covered with a shade net with a light transmittance of 70%.

[0103] Seedlings began to emerge 22 days after sowing. The number of seedlings was counted after emergence. On the 43rd day, there was no more increase in seedlings, and the emergence was confirmed to be complete. The emergence rate was counted and it was 88%.

[0104] Three months later, the seedling survival rate was counted and the rate was 84%.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of Epimedium sagittatum, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Seed collection and initial screening: From May to June, when more than 2 / 3 of the fruits in the inflorescence are ripe, the fruits are collected and shelled, and the ripe Epimedium sagittatum seeds are screened out and dried to obtain dry seeds; Seed treatment: After the initial screening, the dry seeds are subjected to post-ripening treatment, and the plump seeds are screened out by water screening. The seeds are sterilized, and the sterilized seeds are dried. The dried seeds are mixed with river sand, placed in a breathable woven bag, tied, and stored at a constant temperature and humidity for 60-67 days. Quality inspection to select seeds of qualified quality: observe the embryos of the treated seeds and conduct quality inspection every 7 days. When the proportion of fully developed embryos is above 85%, the seeds of qualified quality are obtained; Raise seedlings for seeds of qualified quality: mix seeds of qualified quality, sow them, manage seedling conditions, and transplant them.

2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-ripening treatment of the dry seeds after the initial screening includes: storing the dry seeds in an environment of 10-12° C. for 40-50 days.

3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the dry seeds is 8-12%.

4. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the air-dried seeds to the river sand is 1:10-15; the humidity of the river sand is 50-60%.

5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity of the storage are maintained at 9-11° C. and 68-72%.

6. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quality inspection method is: random sampling, splitting, breaking the seeds, and observing the embryo development to see whether the entire embryo is fully developed.

7. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed mixing method comprises: mixing seeds of qualified quality with fine humus soil in a ratio of 2-6:

1.

8. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing comprises: sowing the mixed seeds on a humus soil and farmyard manure matrix with a mass ratio of 10-15:1, and then evenly covering 0.5-2 cm with a fine humus soil and fine soil mixed matrix with a mass ratio of 2-5:

1.

9. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sowing rate is 1.0-1.3 g / m 2 .

10. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling raising condition management includes: the humidity condition of the seedling raising nursery is maintained at 50-60%, and a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 70% is covered on the seedling raising nursery.

Images