Greenhouse strawberry and morchella intercropping planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method for intercropping strawberries and morchella esculenta in a greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping. In the same sunlight greenhouse, strawberries which prefer temperature and light are planted in the south sunny greenhouse, morchella which prefer weak light and low temperature are planted in the north shady greenhouse, and in the growth process of the strawberries, light energy is utilized for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide in the environment is absorbed, and oxygen is generated; in the growth process of the morchella esculenta, oxygen in the environment is absorbed, carbon dioxide is released, and meanwhile a large amount of heat is released; by utilizing the respective characteristics of the two, the temperature in the sunny shed, especially the night temperature, is increased in winter through high-position ventilation in production management, so that the strawberries in the sunny shed are prevented from being frozen and the growth is promoted; carbon dioxide generated by the morchella can be exchanged to the sunny shed to serve as a gas fertilizer for strawberry growth through lower ventilation, and oxygen released by strawberry crops in the sunny shed is exchanged to the shaded shed to promote the growth of the morchella; through material and energy exchange between the shady shed and the sunny shed, growth of the morchella and the strawberries is effectively promoted, and the ecological effect of mutual promotion of the strawberries and the morchella is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of intercropping of crops, and particularly relates to a planting method of intercropping strawberries and morels in a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries are light-loving plants. The leaves of strawberry plants have strong photosynthesis, the plants grow vigorously, the leaves are dark in color, and the flower buds are well developed, which plays a great role in producing high-quality fruits. Morchella does not need light during the mycelium growth stage. A dark environment is more conducive to mycelium growth. During the fruiting body growth stage, a certain amount of scattered light is required. Strawberries and morels can achieve the exchange of biological metabolic energy and the recycling of biological substances in production. In traditional cultivation, strawberries or morels are generally cultivated alone, with low land utilization rate, and cannot efficiently utilize solar energy and bioenergy, resulting in a certain waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a greenhouse strawberry and morel intercropping planting method.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is: A greenhouse strawberry and morel intercropping planting method, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Strawberry seedling cultivation: Select pure, strong, pest-free and virus-free first-generation original seeds as seedlings; adopt soil cultivation high ridge planting or matrix plug tray seedling cultivation; transplant in early and mid-April when the average daily temperature is above 10 ℃; after transplanting, ensure sufficient water supply, after the runners occur, evenly arrange the runners around the mother plant, and add soil and press the vines at the nodes of the seedlings to promote the rooting of the seedlings, and timely manual weeding and flower bud removal; when the strawberry seedlings have 4 to 5 expanded leaves, the rhizome is more than 1.0 cm thick, the root system is well-developed, the single seedling weight is more than 20 g, and the top flower bud differentiation is completed, they are transplanted into the greenhouse on the sunny side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 2: Soil treatment: Sprinkle quicklime on the soil surface in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 3: Land preparation: Remove weeds in the shed on the shady side of the greenhouse, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and then water it thoroughly; after the soil is no longer sticky, rotary till the land to a depth of 20cm to 30cm, and harrow it after tilling; after fertilizing the sunny side of the greenhouse, deep plow 30cm; Step 4: Making ridges: Cultivate in high ridges in a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse, with a ridge width of 1m to 1.2m, a furrow width of 20cm to 30cm, and a depth of 20cm to 30cm; Step 5: Strawberry planting: August 25 to September 5 is selected for planting. The planting method is double rows on large ridges, with the back of the ridges facing the ridges. The plant spacing is 15cm-18cm, and the small row spacing is 25cm-35cm. 8,000-10,000 plants are planted per mu. Step six: Watering after transplanting: Water continuously for 7 days after transplanting, water once in the morning and evening for the first 3 days, and once a day for the next 4 days. The water should reach the base of the seedling roots. If conditions permit, use hanging micro-spraying to slow down the growth of seedlings, and spray for 3h-4h every day.

[0005] Step 7: Sowing Morchella: Sowing in furrows or broadcasting in the shaded side of a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse in mid-October or late October; Step 8: Covering with soil: After sowing, rake the sowing furrow flat, and cover the furrow with 2cm to 3cm of soil after sowing; Step 9: Watering: Use micro-spraying or drip irrigation to water after sowing; Step 10: Covering: Cover the mushroom bed with black mulch; Step 11: Sterilization treatment: Protect from light, keep warm and keep moist in the shaded side of a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 12: Mushroom growth: When the ground temperature on the shady side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse is above 4°C and the air temperature rises to 10°C~15°C, mushroom growth management can be carried out; Step 13: Harvesting morels and strawberries: When the ascocarps of morels grow to more than 10 cm, the diameter of the cap is more than 2 cm, the ridges and pits on the surface of the cap are obvious, and the color changes from dark gray to light gray or brownish yellow, harvest in time; The strawberries are harvested when the surface coloration of the strawberry fruit reaches more than 70%.

[0006] Preferably, during the intercropping of strawberries and morels, the strawberries and morels are separated by a thick felt.

[0007] Preferably, 500 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu on the sunny side of the greenhouse.

[0008] Preferably, in step three, the greenhouse sunny side fertilizer is 2500 kg of high-quality decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu.

[0009] Preferably, in step five, nutrient bags are placed 7 to 10 days after sowing, with the openings of the nutrient bags facing downward so that the nutrient bags are close to the bed surface.

[0010] Preferably, the substances in the nutrient bag are composed of: 60% wheat, 38% sawdust, 1% gypsum and 1% lime.

[0011] Preferably, the materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 67.5% wheat, 20% rice husk, 10% sawdust and 2.5% lime.

[0012] Preferably, the materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 48% of the wheat grains, 20% of sawdust (or corn cobs), 20% of rice husks, 10% of wheat bran, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse is maintained at 4°C to 20°C; The soil moisture is maintained at around 20% and the air humidity is around 80%.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: The present application discloses a greenhouse intercropping planting method of strawberries and morels. In the same solar greenhouse, strawberries that prefer warmth and light are planted in the south sun shed, and morels that prefer weak light and low temperature are planted in the north shade shed. During the growth process of the strawberries, light energy is used for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide in the environment is absorbed, and oxygen is produced. During the growth process of the morels, oxygen in the environment is absorbed, carbon dioxide is released, and a large amount of heat is released. By utilizing the respective characteristics of the two, the temperature in the sun shed is increased in winter, especially the temperature at night, through high-level ventilation in production management, so that the strawberries in the sun shed are protected from frost damage and their growth is promoted. Through lower-level ventilation, the carbon dioxide produced by the morels can be exchanged to the sun shed as a gas fertilizer for the growth of strawberries, and the oxygen released by the strawberry crops in the sun shed can be exchanged into the shade shed to promote the growth of the morels. Through the exchange of matter and energy between the sun shed and the shade shed, the growth of the morels and strawberries is effectively promoted, achieving an ecological effect of mutual promotion between strawberries and morels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0016] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the following disclosure.

[0017] Embodiment 1, a greenhouse strawberry and morel intercropping planting method of the present application, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Strawberry seedling cultivation: Select pure, strong, pest-free and virus-free first-generation original seeds as seedlings; adopt soil cultivation high ridge planting or matrix plug tray seedling cultivation; transplant in early and mid-April when the average daily temperature is above 10 ℃; after transplanting, ensure sufficient water supply, after the runners occur, evenly arrange the runners around the mother plant, and add soil and press the vines at the nodes of the seedlings to promote the rooting of the seedlings, and timely manual weeding and flower bud removal; when the strawberry seedlings have 4 to 5 expanded leaves, the rhizome is more than 1.0 cm thick, the root system is well-developed, the single seedling weight is more than 20 g, and the top flower bud differentiation is completed, they are transplanted into the greenhouse on the sunny side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 2: Soil treatment: Sprinkle quicklime on the soil surface in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 3: Land preparation: Remove weeds in the shed on the shady side of the greenhouse, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and then water it thoroughly; after the soil is no longer sticky, rotary till the land to a depth of 20cm to 30cm, and harrow it after tilling; after fertilizing the sunny side of the greenhouse, deep plow 30cm; Among them, there are two types of fertilizers for sunny side application. The first is to apply 500 kg of farmyard manure per mu; The second method is to apply 2500 kg of high-quality decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu; in this embodiment, the second method of fertilization is selected.

[0018] Step 4: Making ridges: Cultivate in high ridges in a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse, with a ridge width of 1m to 1.2m, a furrow width of 20cm to 30cm, and a depth of 20cm to 30cm; Step 5: Strawberry planting: August 25 to September 5 is selected for planting. The planting method is double rows on large ridges, with the back of the ridges facing the ridges. The plant spacing is 15cm-18cm, and the small row spacing is 25cm-35cm. 8,000-10,000 plants are planted per mu. When the nutrient bags are shriveled, the conidia on the ground begin to fade, or the bed surface turns yellow, remove the nutrient bags; The nutrition bag formula is as follows: Ratio 1: The composition of the materials in the nutrient bag is: 60% wheat, 38% sawdust, 1% gypsum, and 1% lime; Ratio 2: The composition of the materials in the nutrient bag is: 67.5% wheat, 20% rice husk, 10% sawdust, and 2.5% lime; The materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 48% of the wheat grains, 20% of sawdust (or corn cobs), 20% of rice husks, 10% of wheat bran, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; During the intercropping of strawberries and morels, strawberries and morels are separated by thick felt; in this way, the temperature difference between the north and south in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse can be 10 degrees. The mushrooms are grown on the 2.9th day, the strain is G5, and the ground temperature is generally maintained at 6-15 degrees, and the maximum cannot exceed 20 degrees. Step six: Watering after transplanting: Water continuously for 7 days after transplanting, water once in the morning and evening for the first 3 days, and once a day for the next 4 days. The water should reach the base of the seedling roots. If conditions permit, use hanging micro-spraying to slow down the growth of seedlings, and spray for 3h-4h every day.

[0019] Step 7: Sowing Morchella: Sowing in furrows or broadcasting in the shaded side of a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse in mid-October or late October; Step 8: Covering with soil: After sowing, rake the sowing furrow flat, and cover the surface of the ridge with 2cm to 3cm of soil after sowing; the soil should cover all the granular bacteria to prevent the exposed bacteria from being contaminated; Step 9: Watering: After sowing, use micro-spraying or drip irrigation to make the soil moisture content reach 60% to 65%; Step 10: Covering: Cover the mushroom bed with black mulch; Step 11: Sterilization treatment: Protect from light, keep warm and keep moist in the shaded side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; keep the soil moisture at about 20%, the relative humidity of the air at 60% to 80%, the soil temperature at night not lower than 3°C, the soil temperature during the day not higher than 18°C, and the ambient temperature not higher than 20°C; when the internal and external temperatures are close, the air can be changed once a week; Step 12: Mushroom promotion: When the ground temperature on the shady side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse is above 4℃ and the air temperature rises to 10℃~15℃, mushroom promotion management can be carried out; the temperature in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse should be maintained at 4℃~20℃; a hot air blower can be used to heat the solar greenhouse in low temperature weather; the soil humidity is maintained at about 20%, and the air humidity is about 80%; try to avoid watering during the mushroom buds and young mushrooms to prevent the death of young mushrooms. After the young mushrooms grow up, mist spraying can be used, at 8:00-8:30 in the morning and 15:30-16:30 in the afternoon, with an interval of 20min, mist spraying for 5s~10s, 3 times / d~4 times / d; Step 13: Harvesting morels and strawberries: When the ascocarps of morels grow to more than 10cm, the diameter of the cap is more than 2cm, the ridges and pits on the cap surface are obvious, and the color changes from dark gray to light gray or brownish yellow, harvest in time; when harvesting, put five fingers together, gently grasp the mushroom body, and use a sharp knife with the other hand to cut diagonally from the base of the mushroom body, pick the mushroom, and remove the debris attached to the mushroom body in time. After harvesting, sell and dry in time; When the surface color of the strawberry fruit reaches more than 70%, the strawberries are harvested; before harvesting the strawberry fruit, the cushioning materials for harvesting and packaging should be prepared. The container for harvesting should be shallow, with a flat bottom and smooth inner wall, and padded with sponge or other soft cushioning materials; when harvesting, break the fruit stalk with the thumb and index finger, and place the fruits in the container according to size. The picked fruits should have short fruit stalks, no damage to the calyx, no mechanical damage, and no diseases and insect pests.

[0020] The strawberry-morchella intercropping facility (shed No. 1) of Example 1 and the common facility (shed No. 2 is a shed for planting strawberries alone, shed No. 3 is a shed for planting morels alone, shed No. 3 is made of the same material as shed No. 2, and shed No. 3 is covered with a quilt to block light during the winter fungus period) were tested for 24 hours. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 Comparison of temperature changes in strawberry-morchella intercropping facilities, ordinary strawberry planting facilities, and morel planting facilities

[0021] Comparing the temperature of the sunny side of Shed 1 with that of Shed 2, it can be found that its lowest temperature is 2°C higher than that of Shed 2. It can be seen that the establishment of the shaded shed reduces the heat exchange between the vegetable shed and the external environment, and effectively increases the temperature of the sunny shed. Comparing the temperature of the shady side of Shed 1 with that of Shed 3, it can be found that the strawberry-morchella cultivation mode can increase the temperature of the shady side by 3-4°C. It can be seen that during the period of spawning of morels, the facility needs to be shaded and the temperature is relatively low. However, with the strawberry-morchella intercropping mode, the temperature of the sunny side is relatively high, and the temperature in the shaded shed can be effectively increased through internal air exchange.

[0022] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse strawberry and morel intercropping planting method, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Strawberry seedling cultivation: Select pure, strong, pest-free and virus-free first-generation original seeds as seedlings; adopt soil cultivation high ridge planting or matrix plug tray seedling cultivation; transplant in early and mid-April when the average daily temperature is above 10 ℃; after transplanting, ensure sufficient water supply, after the runners occur, evenly arrange the runners around the mother plant, and add soil and press the vines at the nodes of the seedlings to promote the rooting of the seedlings, and timely manual weeding and flower bud removal; when the strawberry seedlings have 4 to 5 expanded leaves, the rhizome is more than 1.0 cm thick, the root system is well-developed, the single seedling weight is more than 20 g, and the top flower bud differentiation is completed, they are transplanted into the greenhouse on the sunny side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 2: Soil treatment: Sprinkle quicklime on the soil surface in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 3: Land preparation: Remove weeds in the shed on the shady side of the greenhouse, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and then water it thoroughly; after the soil is no longer sticky, rotary till the land to a depth of 20cm to 30cm, and harrow it after tilling; after fertilizing the sunny side of the greenhouse, deep plow 30cm; Step 4: Making ridges: Cultivate in high ridges in a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse, with a ridge width of 1m to 1.2m, a furrow width of 20cm to 30cm, and a depth of 20cm to 30cm; Step 5: Strawberry planting: August 25 to September 5 is selected for planting. The planting method is double rows on large ridges, with the back of the ridges facing the ridges. The plant spacing is 15cm-18cm, and the small row spacing is 25cm-35cm. 8,000-10,000 plants are planted per mu. Step six: Watering after transplanting: Water continuously for 7 days after transplanting, water once in the morning and evening for the first 3 days, and once a day for the next 4 days. The water should reach the base of the seedling roots. If conditions permit, use hanging micro-spraying to slow down the growth of seedlings, and spray for 3h-4h every day. Step 7: Sowing Morchella: Sowing in furrows or broadcasting in the shaded side of a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse in mid-October or late October; Step 8: Covering with soil: After sowing, rake the sowing furrow flat, and cover the furrow with 2cm to 3cm of soil after sowing; Step 9: Watering: Use micro-spraying or drip irrigation to water after sowing; Step 10: Mulching: Cover the mushroom bed with black mulch; Step 11: Sterilization treatment: Protect from light, keep warm and keep moist in the shaded side of a solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse; Step 12: Mushroom growth: When the ground temperature on the shady side of the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse is above 4°C and the air temperature rises to 10°C~15°C, mushroom growth management can be carried out; Step 13: Harvesting morels and strawberries: When the ascocarps of morels grow to more than 10 cm, the diameter of the cap is more than 2 cm, the ridges and pits on the surface of the cap are obvious, and the color changes from dark gray to light gray or brownish yellow, harvest in time; The strawberries are harvested when the surface coloration of the strawberry fruit reaches more than 70%.

2. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the intercropping process of strawberries and morels, strawberries and morels are separated by thick felt.

3. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: 500 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu on the sunny side of the greenhouse.

4. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, the greenhouse sunny side fertilizer is applied with 2500 kg of high-quality decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu.

5. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, 7 to 10 days after sowing, the nutrient bags are placed with the openings of the nutrient bags facing downward so that the nutrient bags are close to the bed surface.

6. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 60% wheat, 38% sawdust, 1% gypsum and 1% lime.

7. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 67.5% wheat, 20% rice husk, 10% sawdust and 2.5% lime.

8. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The materials in the nutrient bag are composed of: 48% of the wheat grains, 20% of sawdust (or corn cobs), 20% of rice husks, 10% of wheat bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum.

9. The method for intercropping greenhouse strawberries and morels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 10, the temperature in the solar greenhouse or multi-span greenhouse is maintained at 4°C to 20°C; The soil moisture is maintained at around 20% and the air humidity is around 80%.

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