Comparison device and method for Ruditapes philippinarum breeding population and family growth

Abstract

The invention provides a comparison device and method for Ruditapes philippinarum breeding population and family growth. The comparison device comprises a plurality of breeding barrels arranged in parallel, water inlet pipes and water quantity control valves arranged above the barrels, water outlets formed in the bottom ends of the barrels, and sunshade nets with the opening degree capable of being adjusted, and the inner ends of the water outlets are connected with insertion pipes, and the outer ends of the water outlets are connected with drainage pipes. In the use process, different Ruditapes philippinarum breeding groups and families are put into the barrels respectively, sea water in the bait pond is pumped into the breeding barrels through the water pump, the flow of the breeding barrels is adjusted, the water level of the breeding barrels is controlled through the insertion pipes, sea water in the breeding barrels flows back to the bait pond through the drainage pipes, and growth of moss such as cladophora and hydrocystis is controlled through the sunshade net. The bullacta exarata and the bamboo hat shell are put into the breeding barrel to control humus and attached algae on the bottom and the wall of the barrel. By means of the method, it can be guaranteed that breeding groups and families are mutually independent and breeding conditions are consistent, the comparability and reliability of Ruditapes philippinarum breeding groups and family growth data are improved, and the survival rate of offspring seeds is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish population breeding, and in particular relates to a device and method for comparing the growth of Manila clam populations and families. Background Art

[0002] The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) belongs to the class Bivalvia, the order Cercophoridae, the family Cercophoridae, and the genus Ruditapes. It is one of the four traditional cultured shellfish in my country and the shellfish with the highest single-species culture output in my country, with an annual output of about 3 million tons, accounting for more than 20% of the marine shellfish culture output, and has important economic value. At present, domestic cultured seedlings mainly come from Fujian. According to industry estimates, the production of clam seedlings in Fujian Province accounts for more than 90% of the country. Because the parent shellfish for seedling cultivation all come from the same geographical population, long-term inbreeding leads to germplasm degradation, resulting in individual miniaturization, slow growth, quality decline, low survival rate and other problems. At the same time, the production of earthen pond seedlings in Fujian in recent years has been unstable, which has seriously restricted the development of the industry. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the cultivation of new varieties of Manila clams to cultivate new varieties with high yield and high quality.

[0003] At present, shellfish breeding is still mainly based on traditional group selection and family breeding. Generally, Manila clams from different geographical groups are used as the object to screen fast-growing groups; or a large number of Manila clams families are established to screen high-yield and high-quality individuals. Therefore, it is particularly important to compare the growth traits of different groups and families, and it is necessary to ensure the consistency of breeding density and breeding conditions. The existing breeding methods are mostly to set up enclosures in ponds and culture different clam groups and families in enclosures. This method has many defects: 1) When the seedlings are small, they will move with the pond water flow, which is easy to cause the mixing of seedlings of different groups and families; 2) The pond breeding environment is uncontrollable, and mosses such as claudiceae and hydrophore algae are easy to grow in large quantities. Once covered on the bottom of the pond, it will cause a large number of seedlings to die; 3) The pond pests cannot be removed cleanly. Once mixed with pests such as blue crabs, vein red snails, and jade snails, the seedlings are basically all preyed on; 4) Sampling is inconvenient, and drainage or boating is required, and the labor cost is high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a growth comparison device for breeding groups and families of Manila clams to ensure the survival rate of seedlings and improve the comparability and reliability of measurement data.

[0004] In current research, intermediate cultivation devices for mudflat and benthic shellfish seedlings are common, such as 1) a land-based mudflat shellfish plane flow intermediate cultivation device (application number CN201922023589), which cultivates seedlings in a box with a plane flow trough set up with partitions, but the clam seedlings are easily moved with the water flow, resulting in the mixing of different groups and families; 2) an intermediate cultivation device for benthic shellfish seedlings (application number CN201920680385), which cultivates seedlings in baskets; 3) a comprehensive prevention and control method for filamentous algae, a key technology for intermediate cultivation of giant clam juveniles (application number CN202010086286), which uses sodium bicarbonate and nitrifying bacteria to control the growth of filamentous algae; 4) an intermediate temporary rearing device for mudflat shellfish genetic breeding families (application number CN202110269114.6), in which the seedling pond includes a living area with a ring ditch, a habitat area on the beach surface, and an isolation zone, and a number of net cages are set on the beach surface. The net cage includes an annular chassis, a support rod threadedly connected to the annular chassis, a card slot arranged on the annular chassis, and a mesh cloth with a horizontal zipper on the side, which is used to facilitate operators to open the net cage to detect and check the seedlings inside, and also facilitate timely replacement of the mesh.

[0005] However, none of the above methods involve ensuring the independence of different groups and families and the consistency of culture conditions. Therefore, it is still necessary to study a method that can effectively improve the comparability and reliability of the growth data of the selected breeding groups and families of Manila clams. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a device and method for comparing the growth of breeding groups and families of the Manila clam, so as to improve the comparability and reliability of the growth data of the breeding groups and families of the Manila clam, ensure that each breeding group and family is independent of each other and has the same breeding conditions, improve the comparability and reliability of the growth data of the breeding groups and families of the Manila clam, maintain good water quality, reduce the harm of harmful organisms, and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for comparing the growth of selected populations and families of Manila clams, comprising a plurality of culture barrels (1) arranged in parallel, a water inlet pipe (2) and a water volume control valve (3) arranged above the culture barrels (1), a water outlet (6) arranged at the bottom of the culture barrels, and a sunshade net covering the culture barrels, on which an opening degree adjustment component is arranged.

[0009] Preferably, the breeding barrel (1) is made of plastic or canvas material, with dimensions of 90-150 cm in diameter, 70-100 cm in height, and 0.9-4 mm in wall thickness; the bottom of the barrel is paved with sand, and the thickness of the sand layer is lower than the water outlet (6).

[0010] Preferably, the water inlet pipe (2) is connected to the bait pond through a pump, and the free end of the drain pipe (8) is inserted into the bait pond; the inner end of the water outlet (6) is provided with a plug socket of the cannula (7), and the outer end is connected to the drain pipe (8).

[0011] Preferably, the sunshade net (5) is made of polyethylene, and is provided with an arc ring with a slot at the periphery. Three to four movable mesh pieces are provided on the net surface, one end of which is fixedly provided, and the other three ends are provided by zippers.

[0012] In the present invention, the sizes of the movable meshes can be the same or can be gradually increased. By opening different meshes or mesh combinations, the opening degree of the sunshade net can be adjusted.

[0013] Preferably, the water inlet pipe, the insert pipe and the water outlet pipe are also made of PVC material.

[0014] When in use, different selected groups and families of Manila clams are placed in culture barrels respectively, seawater in the bait pond is pumped into each culture barrel by a water pump, the flow rate of each culture barrel is adjusted by a water control valve, and the water level of each culture barrel is controlled by a cannula. The seawater in the culture barrel flows back to the bait pond through a drain pipe, and a sunshade net is used to control the growth of mosses such as bristle algae and water web algae. Mud snails and limpets are placed in the culture barrel to control the humus and attached algae on the bottom and wall of the barrel.

[0015] In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for comparing the growth of a breeding population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum using the above-mentioned device is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (a) fine sand is soaked in fresh water and dried before being spread flat on the bottom of a culture barrel (1), a cannula (7) is inserted into the inner end of a water outlet (6), seawater from a bait pond is pumped into the culture barrel (1) by a water pump (4), and the flow rate of each barrel is adjusted to be consistent by a water control valve (3);

[0017] (b) evenly distributing the seedlings of different groups and families of Ruditapes philippinarum on the bottom of the culture barrel (1) to maintain a uniform seedling density in each culture barrel (1);

[0018] (c) placing the same number of mud snails and limpets in each culture tank (1);

[0019] (d) Covering the culture tank (1) with a sunshade net (5) according to the time, and opening the sunshade net (5) regularly to take samples and measure the growth data of the Manila clam population and family.

[0020] The preferred scheme of the above steps is as follows:

[0021] In step (a), fine sand with a particle size of 75 to 850 μm is taken, soaked in fresh water for 24 hours, dried, and spread on the bottom of the breeding tank (1).

[0022] In step (b), the shell length of the clam seedlings is more than 300 μm; the shell length of the juvenile spat is 300-500 μm, and the weight is 30 g / m 2 Stocking: Juvenile spat with a shell length of about 1 mm, at 150 g / m 2 Stocking: Juvenile spat with a shell length of about 2 mm, at 300 g / m 2 Delivery.

[0023] In step (c), the mud snails and limpets are all adults; mud snails with a shell length of more than 10 mm are collected at a rate of 30 grains / m 2 For limpets with a shell length of 10 mm or more, 17 to 67 limpets / m 3 Delivery.

[0024] In step (d), the sunshade net (5) is used from March to October to control the light intensity in the barrel to inhibit the growth of mosses such as Cladophora and Hydrophora.

[0025] Functions and Effects of the Invention

[0026] (1) The device for comparing the growth of selected breeding groups and families of the present invention can ensure that each selected breeding group and family is independent of each other and has the same culture conditions, and can be sampled and measured at any time, which can maximize the comparability and reliability of growth data measurement, and provide a guarantee for screening high-quality and high-quality selected breeding groups and families of the Manila clam.

[0027] (2) The method for comparing the growth of the selected population and family of the Manila clam of the present invention simulates the natural habitat of the Manila clam and adopts a "biological + physical" method to control the growth of moss in the culture barrel with sunshade nets, mud snails and limpets, remove humus and attached algae on the barrel wall, maintain the stability of the water quality in the culture barrel, and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0028] (3) The method for comparing the growth of the selected population and family of the Manila clam of the present invention can prevent the harm of harmful organisms such as crabs and carnivorous snails to Manila clam seedlings.

[0029] Therefore, the present invention can ensure that each breeding group and family is independent of each other and has the same culture conditions, improve the comparability and reliability of the growth data of the breeding groups and families of the Manila clam, maintain good water quality, reduce the harm of harmful organisms, and improve the survival rate of seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the main structure of a comparative device for the growth of selected populations and families of the Philippine clam is shown;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the side structure of the breeding tank is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the Manila clam breeding population and family growth comparison device provided in this embodiment includes a breeding barrel 1, an inlet pipe 2, a water control valve 3, a water pump 4, a sunshade net 5, a water outlet 6, a cannula 7 and a drain pipe 8. The breeding barrel 1 is made of a round canvas material, with dimensions of 1.5m in diameter, 1.0m in height and 0.9mm in wall thickness. A water inlet pipe 2 and a water control valve 3 are arranged above the breeding barrel 1. The water inlet pipe 2 is made of PVC material with a diameter of 5cm, and the water control valve 3 is a PVC ball valve with a diameter of 2.5cm. The water inlet pipe 2 is connected to the water pump 4, which is a floating water pump with a power of 1.5KW. In addition, a sunshade net 5 is also arranged above the breeding barrel 1. The sunshade net 5 is made of black polyethylene material with a mesh size of 4mm×4mm, and the degree of opening can be adjusted. A water outlet 6 is provided on the wall of the breeding barrel 1 5 cm away from the bottom surface. The diameter of the water outlet 6 is 3.2 cm. The inner end is connected to the insert pipe 7. The diameter of the insert pipe is 3.2 cm. The seawater in the breeding barrel 1 overflows into the drain pipe 8 through the insert pipe 7 and the water outlet 6. The drain pipe 8 is made of PVC and has a diameter of 11 cm.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the Manila clam breeding population and family growth comparison device provided in this embodiment includes a breeding barrel 1, an inlet pipe 2, a water control valve 3, a water pump 4, a sunshade net 5, a water outlet 6, a cannula 7 and a drain pipe 8. The breeding barrel 1 is made of round plastic material, with dimensions of 90 cm in diameter, 70 cm in height and 4 mm in wall thickness. A water inlet pipe 2 and a water control valve 3 are arranged above the breeding barrel 1. The water inlet pipe 2 is made of PVC material with a diameter of 5 cm. The water control valve 3 is a PVC ball valve with a diameter of 2.5 cm. The water inlet pipe 2 is connected to the water pump 4, which is a floating water pump with a power of 1.5 KW. A sunshade net 5 is arranged above the breeding barrel 1. The sunshade net 5 is made of black polyethylene material with a mesh size of 4 mm×4 mm, and the degree of opening can be adjusted. A water outlet 6 is arranged 5 cm from the bottom of the breeding barrel 1 wall, and the water outlet 6 has a diameter of 3.2 cm. The inner end of the water outlet 6 is connected to the insert pipe 7, the diameter of the insert pipe is 3.2 cm, and the seawater in the breeding barrel 1 overflows into the drain pipe 8 through the insert pipe 7 and the water outlet 6. The drain pipe 8 is made of PVC and has a diameter of 11 cm.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A method for comparing the growth of a breeding population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum comprises the following steps:

[0039] (a) Take fine sand with a particle size of 75 to 850 μm, soak it in fresh water for 24 hours and then dry it, spread it flat on the bottom of the culture barrel 1, insert the cannula 7 into the inner end of the water outlet 6, use the water pump 4 to pump seawater from the bait pond into the culture barrel 1, and adjust the flow of each barrel to be consistent through the water control valve 3;

[0040] (b) Spread the seedlings of different groups and families of Manila clams evenly at the bottom of the culture barrels 1, and keep the seedling density in each culture barrel 1 consistent; for spat with a shell length of 300 to 500 μm, 30 g / m2 are added; for spat with a shell length of about 1 mm, 150 g / m2 are added; for spat with a shell length of about 2 mm, 300 g / m2 are added.

[0041] (c) Put the same number of mud snails and limpets in each culture barrel 1. Mud snails can feed on the biological sediments of clam fry at the bottom of the culture barrel 1 and the organic matter attached to the barrel wall, and limpets can feed on the seaweed in the culture barrel 1. Mud snails with a shell length of more than 10 mm are placed at 30 grains / m2, and limpets with a shell length of more than 10 mm are placed at 30 grains / barrel.

[0042] (d) From March to October when mosses are prone to grow and reproduce, a sunshade net 5 is added above the culture tank 1 to control the light intensity in the culture tank 1 to inhibit the growth of mosses such as Cladophora and Hydrophora;

[0043] (e) The sunshade net 5 is opened regularly, and the survival rate of seedlings is calculated by random sampling from each culture tank 1. Thirty seedlings of the Manila clam are randomly selected to measure the shell length and wet weight growth data, and the growth differences of different groups and families are analyzed and compared.

[0044] In October 2023, Manila clams were bred at the nursery base in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Four growth groups and four families with different shell colors were constructed. The construction of the device of the present invention was completed in November 2023. After one week of trial operation, seedlings of different groups and families were put into cultivation. Seedlings of different geographical groups were put into round canvas pool buckets, and seedlings of different families were put into round plastic buckets. Samples were taken in November 2023, January 2024, March 2024 and May 2024, respectively. The shell length of the seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper, and the wet weight of the seedlings was measured with an electronic balance. The growth conditions of Manila clam seedlings from different growth groups are specifically shown in Table 1, and the growth conditions of Manila clam seedlings from different shell color families are specifically shown in Table 2:

[0045] Table 1 Growth of different populations of Ruditapes philippinarum

[0046]

[0047] Table 2 Growth of Philippine clams of different shell color families

[0048]

[0049] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that when the device of the present invention is used to select different groups, there are significant differences in the average shell length and wet weight between different selected growth groups and families, indicating that there are significant differences in the growth traits of different groups and families; during the growth comparison period, the survival rate of the seedlings in each barrel is above 90%, indicating that it is possible to maintain good water quality, reduce the harm of harmful organisms, and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for comparing the growth of selected populations and families of Ruditapes philippinarum, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of breeding barrels (1) arranged in parallel, a water inlet pipe (2) and a water volume control valve (3) arranged above the breeding barrels (1), and a water outlet (6) arranged at the bottom of the breeding barrels, wherein the inner end of the water outlet (6) is connected to the insertion pipe (7), and the outer end is connected to the drainage pipe (8). The comparison device also includes a sunshade net covering the breeding barrel, and the sunshade net can adjust the degree of opening.

2. The device for comparing the growth of the selected population and family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The breeding barrel (1) is made of plastic or canvas material, and has dimensions of 90 to 150 cm in diameter, 70 to 100 cm in height, and a wall thickness of 0.9 to 4 mm. The bottom of the breeding barrel (1) is paved with sand, and the thickness of the sand layer is lower than the water outlet (6).

3. The device for comparing the growth of the selected population and family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The water inlet pipe (2) is connected to the bait pond via a pump, and the free end of the drain pipe (8) is inserted into the bait pond; The inner end of the water outlet (6) is provided with an insertion opening for the cannula (7).

4. The device for comparing the growth of the selected population and family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The sunshade net (5) is made of polyethylene, and is provided with an arc ring with a slot at the periphery. Three to four movable mesh pieces are provided on the net surface, one end of which is fixedly provided, and the other three ends are provided via zippers.

5. A method for comparing the growth of selected populations and families of Ruditapes philippinarum using the comparison device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (a) fine sand is soaked in fresh water and dried before being spread flat on the bottom of a culture barrel (1), a cannula (7) is inserted into the inner end of a water outlet (6), seawater from a bait pond is pumped into the culture barrel (1) by a water pump (4), and the flow rate of each barrel is adjusted to be consistent by a water control valve (3); (b) evenly distributing the seedlings of different groups and families of Ruditapes philippinarum on the bottom of the culture barrel (1) to maintain a uniform seedling density in each culture barrel (1); (c) placing the same number of mud snails and limpets in each culture tank (1); (d) Covering the culture tank (1) with a sunshade net (5) according to the time, and opening the sunshade net (5) regularly to take samples and measure the growth data of the Manila clam population and family.

6. The method for comparing the growth of a population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, In step (a), fine sand with a particle size of 75 to 850 μm is taken, soaked in fresh water for 24 hours, dried, and spread on the bottom of the breeding tank (1).

7. The method for comparing the growth of a population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, In step (b), the shell length of the clam seedlings is more than 300 μm; the shell length of the juvenile spat is 300-500 μm, and the weight is 30 g / m 2 Stocking: Juvenile spat with a shell length of about 1 mm, at 150 g / m 2 Stocking: Juvenile spat with a shell length of about 2 mm, at 300 g / m 2 Delivery.

8. The method for comparing the growth of a population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, In step (c), the mud snails and limpets are all adults; mud snails with a shell length of more than 10 mm are collected at a rate of 30 grains / m 2 For limpets with a shell length of 10 mm or more, 17 to 67 limpets / m 3 Delivery.

9. The method for comparing the growth of a population and a family of Ruditapes philippinarum according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, In step (d), the sunshade net (5) is used from March to October.

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