Herbivorous animal total mixed ration and production method thereof
By preparing a full-mixed diet of specific components and proportions for herbivores, and using automatic ingredients and mixing processes, the problem of difficulty in commercializing full-mixed diets in the existing technology is solved, and commercial feeding is achieved, which promotes animal growth and reduces feed waste.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411987422.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing herbivorous animals are difficult to commercialize their diets, and their nutrition is unbalanced, which cannot effectively promote the growth and development of animals. At the same time, feeding is inconvenient, and there is a problem of waste of feed.
Provide a herbivorous diet, whose components and proportions are specifically screened, including corn, soybean meal, malt root, corn germ meal, barley peel, soybean straw and composite premix, etc., and are prepared into suitable particle size and packaging forms using automatic ingredients and mixing processes.
The commercialization of fully mixed diets has been achieved. Users can feed directly, saving time and labor, ensuring that the animals can consume all the nutrients required for each feeding, significantly promoting the growth of herbivores, and shortening the feeding time and reducing feed waste.
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Figure CN119655371A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of complete mixed diets for herbivorous animals, and in particular to a complete mixed diet for herbivorous animals and a production method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Total Mixed Rations (TMR) is a feeding technique that fully mixes roughage, concentrate, minerals, vitamins and other additives to provide sufficient nutrition to meet the needs of ruminants such as dairy cows. This feeding technique ensures that every bite of ration is a complete ration with a stable ratio of concentrate to roughage and consistent nutrient concentration.
[0003] The technology of fully mixed diet was first applied to dairy cows to ensure that the animals can take in all the nutrients they need every time they eat, but it needs to be temporarily prepared on site by the breeding enterprises (farms and households). Water needs to be added and stirred during preparation, and a special mixer and a special feed spreading vehicle (stirring while spreading) are required. The prepared finished product will moldy the next day and cannot be preserved, and cannot be used as a feed commodity; small farms and households with insufficient equipment investment or insufficient spacious breeding sheds cannot use it.
[0004] When designing the formula of a total mixed diet, the following key factors need to be considered: 1. Nutritional balance: Ensure that the nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins in the diet meet the needs of herbivores; 2. Raw material quality: The raw materials used must be fresh and uncontaminated to ensure the quality and safety of the diet; 3. Animal health: The formula design should take into account the health status of herbivores to avoid health problems caused by nutritional imbalance.
[0005] However, up to now, it is difficult to commercialize complete mixed diets, and the complete mixed diets on the market have the defects of unbalanced nutrition in the formula and cannot effectively promote growth and development.
[0006] The present invention aims to address the deficiencies in the prior art, and while solving the problem that a total mixed ration (TMR) for herbivorous animals is difficult to commercialize, provides a nutritionally balanced total mixed ration, which can promote animal feeding, facilitate feeding, and reduce feed waste, and can be widely used in herbivorous animals such as ruminants, equines, and rabbits. Summary of the invention
[0007] In order to solve the problems of difficulty in commercialization and nutritional imbalance of total mixed ration (TMR) for herbivorous animals, the object of the present invention is to provide a total mixed ration for herbivorous animals and a production method thereof.
[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, the components and proportions of which are: 40% corn, 10% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 10% corn germ meal, 6% barley husk, 20% soybean straw, and 4% compound premix.
[0009] For lambs, due to their special period and age, their ingredient composition and dosage are different from those of fattening sheep.
[0010] The invention provides a lamb complete mixed diet, the components and proportions of which are: 30% of corn, 15% of soybean meal, 10% of malt root, 10% of corn germ meal, 10% of soybean hulls, 11% of corn hulls, 10% of alfalfa hay and 4% of composite premix.
[0011] The present invention further provides a method for preparing a complete mixed diet, which adopts the following technical scheme: S1: Raw material crushing Complete mixed diet for fattening sheep: corn is crushed at a low speed using an 8mm sieve, and soybean straw is crushed to a length of 8mm. The processed raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin together with the remaining raw materials; Lamb complete mixed diet: Alfalfa hay is crushed with a 4mm sieve, and other raw materials are crushed with a 2.5mm sieve. The processed raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin together with the remaining raw materials.
[0012] S2: Automatic batching Input each component into the automatic batching system according to the proportion, and automatically weigh and batch them in sequence according to the program and input them into the mixer.
[0013] S3: Hybrid Start the mixer to stir, start timing after weighing is completed, the stirring time is 90 to 180 seconds, then open the bin door and transport the materials to the granulation bin.
[0014] S4: Granulation Open the conditioner and steam condition the material at a temperature of 70-85°C for 30-60 seconds before entering the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture is 3-7 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio is 1:8-1:11, wherein 1:8 is preferred for fattening sheep and 1:11 is preferred for lambs.
[0015] S5: Cooling Packaging After granulation, it is quickly cooled by air blowing to remove moisture and harden. At the same time, it is screened and those that do not meet the specifications are returned to the granulation bin for quantitative packaging.
[0016] Among them, the composite premixes used in this patent are all commonly used commercially available brand products, such as Charoen Pokphand, New Hope, Da Beinong and other brands. This patent uses products from the New Hope brand.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: 1. The commercialization of the whole mixed diet is realized. Users can feed directly, saving time and labor, without the need for expensive machinery and equipment, and solving the problem that farmers need to prepare the diet temporarily. The whole mixed diet technology of the present invention can be applied to fattening sheep, lambs, cows and other herbivorous animals to ensure that the animals can take in all the nutrients they need every time they eat.
[0018] 2. The combination and dosage ratio of the complete mixed diet of this patent are obtained through specific screening, which can significantly promote the growth of herbivores, and the commercial feeding method can significantly shorten the feeding time of animals. For fattening sheep, the average daily weight gain in 45 days is 304g, and for lambs, the average daily weight gain in 45 days is 249g. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is the ratio of total mixed ration (feed) fed within 45 days to the weight gain in 45 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The present invention is further described below by means of specific examples and comparative examples. It should be understood that these examples and comparative examples are only used for more detailed and specific description and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any form.
[0021] Example 1
[0022] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 40% corn, 10% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 10% corn germ meal, 6% barley husk, 20% soybean straw, and 4% composite premix.
[0023] The preparation process is: S1: Raw material crushing Complete mixed diet for fattening sheep: corn is crushed at a low speed using an 8mm sieve, and soybean straw is crushed to a length of 8mm. The processed raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin together with the remaining raw materials; S2: Automatic batching Input each component into the automatic batching system according to the proportion, and automatically weigh and batch them in sequence according to the program and input them into the mixer.
[0024] S3: Hybrid Start the mixer and start the timing after weighing is completed. The stirring time is 90 seconds. When the time comes, open the bin door and transport the materials to the granulation bin.
[0025] S4: Granulation The conditioner was turned on to steam condition the material at a temperature of 70°C for 30 seconds before entering the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture was 5 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio was 1:8.
[0026] S5: Cooling Packaging After granulation, it is quickly cooled by air blowing to remove moisture and harden. At the same time, it is screened and those that do not meet the specifications are returned to the granulation bin for quantitative packaging.
[0027] Example 2
[0028] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for lambs, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 30% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 10% corn germ meal, 10% soybean hulls, 11% corn hulls, 10% alfalfa hay, and 4% composite premix.
[0029] The preparation process is: S1: Raw material crushing Lamb complete mixed diet: Alfalfa hay is crushed with a 4mm sieve, and other raw materials are crushed with a 2.5mm sieve. The processed raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin together with the remaining raw materials.
[0030] S2: Automatic batching Input each component into the automatic batching system according to the proportion, and automatically weigh and batch them in sequence according to the program and input them into the mixer.
[0031] S3: Hybrid Start the mixer and start timing after weighing is completed. The stirring time is 180 seconds. When the time comes, open the bin door and transport the materials to the granulation bin.
[0032] S4: Granulation The conditioner was turned on to steam condition the material at a temperature of 85°C for 60 seconds before entering the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture was 7 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio was 1:11.
[0033] S5: Cooling Packaging After granulation, it is quickly cooled by air blowing to remove moisture and harden. At the same time, it is screened and those that do not meet the specifications are returned to the granulation bin for quantitative packaging.
[0034] Example 3
[0035] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 25% corn, 14% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 20% corn germ meal, 6% barley husk, 20% soybean straw, and 5% composite premix.
[0036] The preparation process is the same as that of Example 1.
[0037] Example 4
[0038] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 40% corn, 10% soybean meal, 10% soybean hulls, 10% corn germ meal, 6% barley hulls, 20% soybean straw, and 4% composite premix.
[0039] The preparation process is the same as that of Example 1.
[0040] Example 5
[0041] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 44% corn, 11% soybean meal, 11% corn germ meal, 7% barley husk, 22% soybean straw, and 5% composite premix.
[0042] The preparation process is the same as that of Example 1.
[0043] Example 6
[0044] The present embodiment provides a complete mixed diet for lambs, wherein the components and proportions thereof are: 30% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% soybean hulls, 10% corn germ meal, 10% soybean hulls, 11% corn hulls, 10% alfalfa hay, and 4% composite premix.
[0045] The preparation process is the same as that of Example 2.
[0046] See Table 1 below for the composition characteristics of Examples 1-6.
[0047] Table 1
[0048] Effect Example 1 Fifty fattening sheep with a body weight within the range of 25kg±2kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 sheep in each group, and each group was placed in a specific isolation sheep pen.
[0049] Twenty lambs weighing within the range of 10kg±1kg were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 10 lambs in each group, and each group was placed in a specific isolation sheep pen.
[0050] Feeding amount and method: For 5 groups of fattening sheep, 4 of them used the complete mixed diet of the present invention, and the average daily feeding amount of the complete mixed diet was 1.5 kg (10 sheep in each group, with a total feed of 15 kg. Some sheep may be fed more and some less, but the difference for each sheep will not be very large), and they were fed ad libitum. One of the groups used the commercially available complete mixed diet for fattening sheep of the Chia Tai Group, and the amount and method were the same as those of the above 4 groups.
[0051] For the two groups of lambs, the average daily feed amount of the total mixed ration is 0.5kg (10 lambs in each group, with a total feed of 5kg. Some lambs may be fed more and some less, but the difference for each lamb will not be very large), and they should be fed ad libitum.
[0052] Experimental time: 45 days. If the feeding time is too short, the difference between each group will not be obvious. If the feeding time is too long, the above dosage will no longer meet the daily needs of the sheep.
[0053] Measurement method: Before the experiment, the initial body weight of each sheep in each group was measured and the average value was calculated; after 20 days of feeding, the body weight of each sheep in each group was measured and the average value was calculated, and the average daily weight gain over the past 20 days was calculated; after 45 days of feeding, the body weight of each sheep in each group was measured and the average value was calculated, and the average daily weight gain over the past 45 days was calculated.
[0054] The experimental results for fattening sheep are shown in Table 2, and the total mixed diet (feed) fed within 45 days and the weight gain ratio at 45 days are shown in Appendix. Figure 1 .
[0055] Table 2
[0056] According to the experimental results in Table 2, we can see that: 1. Among Examples 1, 3, 4 and 5, Example 1 has the best growth effect, that is, the composition and dosage ratio of Example 1 are most suitable for the growth of fattening sheep.
[0057] 2. The difference between Example 1 and Example 3 is mainly the difference in dosage ratio. It can be seen that the difference between the two groups is not very significant at 20 days, but at 45 days, the two groups show significant differences, that is, the ratio of corn and corn germ meal has an important effect on the growth and development of fattening sheep. Such an experimental design is also based on our daily feeding process, and it is found that the random dosage ratio of corn and corn germ meal makes the growth of each batch of sheep different. Therefore, we speculate that the ratio of corn and corn germ meal affects the growth of fattening sheep.
[0058] 3. The main difference between Example 4 and Example 5 is that malt root is not used or malt root is replaced by soybean hulls. It is certain that the nutrients contained in malt root have a very significant impact on the growth of fattening sheep, which cannot be replaced by other types of nutrients.
[0059] 4. There was no significant difference in the average daily weight gain between Example 1 and the commercially available product at 20 days. However, at 45 days, the average daily weight gain was significantly lower than that of Example 1, which shows that the existing products have the effect of promoting growth, but their effect of continuously promoting growth is obviously not as good as the product of the present invention.
[0060] 5. According to Figure 1 It can be seen that the ratio of the total mixed ration (feed) fed within 45 days of Example 1 to the weight gain on 45 days is 4.93:1, that is, for the same weight gain, the proportion of the total mixed ration consumed by Example 1 is the lowest, and the conversion rate of Example 1 is the highest.
[0061] Among them, the experimental results for lambs are shown in Table 3.
[0062] Table 3
[0063] According to the experimental results in Table 3, it can be seen that malt root is an important nutrient in the components and is significantly superior to other similar nutrients.
[0064] Through the above experiments, it can be verified that the combination and dosage ratio of the complete mixed diet of this patent are obtained through specific screening, which can significantly promote the growth of herbivores, and the commercial feeding method can significantly shorten the feeding time of animals. For fattening sheep, the average daily weight gain in 45 days is 304g, and for lambs, the average daily weight gain in 45 days is 249g.
[0065] Effect Example 2: Mixing Uniformity Test 1. Trace element detection: According to GB / T 13885-2017 standard, the iron content in feed is determined using atomic absorption spectrometry.
[0066] 2. Coefficient of variation (CV): The coefficient of variation (CV) is an important evaluation index in the detection of mixing uniformity of total mixed ration (TMR). The method for determining mixing uniformity of feed products specified in GB / T 5918-2008 is used: chloride ion selective electrode method.
[0067] Test samples: experimental group, complete mixed diets prepared by the preparation process of Example 1, and complete mixed diets prepared in 5 batches.
[0068] For the control group, Chia Tai Group's complete mixed diet for fattening sheep was selected, and samples were taken from 5 bags in 3 batches.
[0069] The measurement results are shown in Table 4. Table 4
[0070] According to the experimental results in Table 4, we can see that: The complete mixed diet prepared by the composition and preparation process in Example 1 is superior to the commercially available products not only in the content of trace elements (represented by iron) but also in the mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation).
[0071] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art may modify and change the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the aspects of each embodiment can be interchanged as a whole or in part. The above description is also only exemplary and is not intended to limit the present invention further described in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A complete mixed diet for fattening sheep, the components and proportions of which are: 40% corn, 10% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 10% corn germ meal, 6% barley husk, 20% soybean straw, and 4% composite premix.
2. A complete mixed diet for lambs, the components and proportions of which are: 30% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% malt root, 10% corn germ meal, 10% soybean hulls, 11% corn hulls, 10% alfalfa hay, and 4% compound premix.
3. The method for preparing a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1: Raw material crushing Complete mixed diet for fattening sheep: corn is crushed at low speed using an 8mm sieve, and soybean straw is crushed to a length of 8mm. The processed raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin together with the remaining raw materials; S2: Automatic batching Input each component into the automatic batching system according to the proportion, weigh and batch automatically in sequence according to the program, and input into the mixer; S3: Hybrid Start the mixer to stir, start timing after weighing and mixing, the stirring time is 90 to 180 seconds, then open the bin door and transport the materials to the granulation bin; S4: Granulation Open the conditioner, steam condition the material at a temperature of 70-85°C for 30-60 seconds, and then enter the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture is 3-7 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio is 1:8-1:11; S5: Cooling Packaging After granulation, it is quickly cooled by air blowing to remove moisture and harden. At the same time, it is screened and those that do not meet the specifications are returned to the granulation bin for quantitative packaging.
4. The method for preparing a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep according to claim 3, wherein: The stirring time in step S3 is 90 seconds, the tempering temperature in step S4 is 70° C., the time is 30 seconds, and the pellets enter the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture is 5 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio is 1:
8.
5. The method for preparing a complete mixed diet for lambs according to claim 2, comprising the following steps: S1: Raw material crushing Lamb complete mixed diet: Alfalfa hay is crushed with a 4mm sieve, and other raw materials are crushed with a 2.5mm sieve. The processed raw materials and the rest of the raw materials are put into and transported to the corresponding batching bin in sequence; S2: Automatic batching Input each component into the automatic batching system according to the proportion, weigh and batch automatically in sequence according to the program, and input into the mixer; S3: Hybrid Start the mixer to stir, start timing after weighing and mixing, the stirring time is 90 to 180 seconds, then open the bin door and transport the materials to the granulation bin; S4: Granulation Open the conditioner and steam condition the material at a temperature of 70-85°C for 30-60 seconds before entering the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture is 3-7 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio is 1:8-1:11, wherein: The preferred ratio for fattening sheep is 1:8, and for lambs it is 1:11; S5: Cooling Packaging After granulation, it is quickly cooled by air blowing to remove moisture and harden. At the same time, it is screened and those that do not meet the specifications are returned to the granulation bin for quantitative packaging.
6. The method for preparing a complete mixed diet for fattening sheep according to claim 5, wherein: The stirring time in step S3 is 180 seconds, the tempering temperature in step S4 is 85°C, the time is 60 seconds, and the pellets enter the ring die pelletizer; the ring die aperture is 7 mm, and the ring die aperture length ratio is 1:
11.
7. The total mixed diet according to claim 1 or 2, which is fed ad libitum, has an average daily weight gain of 304 g for fattening sheep and 249 g for lambs over 45 days.