Multifunctional self-adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to multifunctional self-adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment and a control method thereof.The device comprises a spray head bottom plate and a laser cladding spray head, the laser cladding spray head comprises a spray nozzle used for outputting powder and a pipeline connected to the spray nozzle and used for conveying the powder, and a first converging assembly is installed on the spray head bottom plate; the end, away from the nozzle, of the pipeline is arranged on the inner side of the first gathering assembly, the powder is magnetized when passing through the first gathering assembly in the pipeline, and a gathering processing assembly used for repelling the magnetic powder is arranged on the outer side of the nozzle. Through the design of the first gathering assembly and the gathering processing assembly, powder is magnetized through the first gathering assembly during conveying, then the magnetized powder and the gathering processing assembly generate like-pole repulsion acting force when the powder is sprayed out of the nozzle, the powder is promoted to be gathered together to form a powder beam, powder divergence and irregular arrangement are reduced, and the powder quality is improved. And the position precision and the forming quality and precision of powder conveyed to the molten pool are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular to a multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing device and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Metal 3D printing equipment belongs to the field of laser cladding technology, which is a new surface modification technology. It forms a metallurgically bonded additive cladding layer on the surface of the base layer by adding cladding material to the surface of the substrate and using a high-energy-density laser beam to melt it together with a thin layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0003] Patent No. CN220698244U discloses a metal 3D printing device connected to an air cooling system. Based on the research of the patent, the inventor found that before the powder enters the molten pool area, the powder will not be subject to any constraints when it leaves the nozzle to the molten pool area, but will only be dispersed by the jet force brought by the gas. Therefore, the powder cannot be gathered when it leaves the nozzle, and will be distributed in a divergent manner (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, only a part of the powder will enter the molten pool area to form a cladding layer, while a large amount of powder that has not entered the molten pool will adhere to the surface of the molten pool layer, directly causing pits on the surface of the cladding layer, affecting the surface roughness, resulting in poor precision and quality of the cladding layer or formed parts, and other problems. At the same time, some powder will fly around in the air, causing powder waste and environmental pollution, and the flying powder will also cause harm to the human body.

[0004] For example, patent numbers CN107627002A, CN107217257A, and CN106583726A use optically wrapped cladding materials to maintain a coaxial position relationship, but they still have the following problems: If the feeding channel transports powder, the powder will gather at the arc of the feeding channel, resulting in poor powder transportation or even blockage, affecting the normal development of metal 3D printing, and will also affect the weight accuracy of powder transportation and the quality of part forming. At the same time, due to the inertial force generated by the gas push, the powder will deviate from the center of the pipe output port when it is output from the feeding channel, and under the action of powder divergence, the powder will not be able to be wrapped by the entire molten pool, so that the powder overflowing to the outside of the molten pool cannot be melted, resulting in poor powder utilization, and part of the overflowed powder will adhere to the surface of the cladding layer, causing problems such as poor surface roughness, and unable to accurately couple with the light beam coaxially, affecting the forming accuracy and quality of metal 3D parts. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing device and a control method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment comprises a nozzle base plate and a laser cladding nozzle fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate, the laser cladding nozzle comprising a nozzle for outputting powder and a pipe connected to the nozzle and used for conveying powder, a first converging component is fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate, an end of the pipe away from the nozzle is arranged on the inner side of the first converging component, and the powder is magnetized when passing through the first converging component in the pipe, a converging processing component for repelling magnetic powder is arranged on the outer side of the nozzle, and the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle is divided into multiple beams by a beam splitter inside the laser cladding nozzle to wrap the converging processing component and the nozzle.

[0007] Preferably, one end of the nozzle base plate is connected to a moving arm for driving the laser cladding nozzle to move in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, one side of the convergence processing component is provided with a first visual camera for monitoring the diameter size of the powder beam, and the other side of the convergence processing component is provided with a second visual camera for monitoring the size of the molten pool.

[0008] Preferably, the first converging component includes a permanent magnet base fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate by screws and a first permanent magnet body connected to the permanent magnet base, the pipe is arranged at the center of the first permanent magnet body, and a center through hole is penetrated through one end face of the permanent magnet base along the axial direction, and positioning holes symmetrically arranged with the center through hole as the symmetry axis are penetrated through the surface of the permanent magnet base, and the permanent magnet base is fixedly mounted to the nozzle base plate by screws passing through the positioning holes.

[0009] Preferably, the first permanent magnet body includes two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, and the center of a circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is co-centered with the central through hole, and the pipe passes through the inner side of the central through hole and is located between the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies.

[0010] Preferably, the laser cladding nozzle also includes a wire feeding tube bracket, a collimator mechanism, a reflective focusing mirror mechanism, a beam splitter mechanism, a support frame, an upper cover connected to the support frame, and a reflective light path through hole opened on the support frame. The collimator mechanism is installed on the upper cover by screws and corresponds to the wire feeding tube bracket. The laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism is divided into multiple beams by the beam splitter in the beam splitter mechanism, and the nozzle is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the wire feeding tube bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the converging processing component is a second converging component with the same magnetic properties as the first converging component, the second converging component is coaxially arranged with the nozzle and the multi-light beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle, and the second converging component includes a cylindrical seat sleeved on the outside of the nozzle and a second permanent magnet body fixedly installed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the cylindrical seat, and the cylindrical seat is fixedly installed on the bottom of the wire feeding tube bracket by screws.

[0012] Preferably, the second permanent magnet body includes two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, the center of a circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is at the same position as the center of the nozzle orifice, and the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies are fixedly mounted on the cylindrical seat by screws.

[0013] Preferably, the two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies in the first converging component and the two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies in the second converging component are S-pole magnets or N-pole magnets respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the convergence processing component is an inductor arranged on the outer ring side of the nozzle and a current controller for adjusting the magnitude of the inductor current, and the current controller controls the inductor repulsive force by adjusting the magnitude of the current.

[0015] The technical solution of the present application also provides a control method for multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing, comprising the following steps: Step 100, using a powder feeding device to feed powder into a pipeline, so that the powder is magnetized when being transported through a first converging component; Step 200, when the magnetized powder is transported to the convergence processing component through the pipeline, the convergence processing component can repel the magnetic powder, so that the magnetic powder is gathered into a powder beam and then ejected through the nozzle. During this period, the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle is divided into multiple beams by the internal beam splitter, which can fully wrap the powder beam; Step 300: When the powder beam is ejected, the first visual camera and the second visual camera work simultaneously, so that the first visual camera monitors and collects the size of the powder beam, and the second visual camera monitors and collects the size of the molten pool or monitors and collects the distance between the convergence processing component and the substrate; Step 400: The data collected by the two visual cameras is transmitted to the data processing center. The moving arm adjusts the distance a between the convergence processing assembly and the substrate according to the working conditions; Or, the moving arm drives the laser cladding nozzle to move in the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis direction according to the working conditions, so as to control the change of the size b of the molten pool; Or, the size c of the powder beam is changed by controlling the convergence processing component according to the axis motion condition; Step 500, driving the laser cladding nozzle to adjust by the moving arm to ensure that the distance a between the convergence processing component and the substrate is larger than the diameter of a single powder particle or the molten pool size b is larger than the powder beam size c; Step 600: Finally, after everything is confirmed, metal 3D printing can be carried out.

[0016] Preferably, in step 400, The distance a between the second permanent magnet body and the substrate is adjusted according to the working conditions by using two visual cameras in cooperation with the motion arm; Alternatively, two visual cameras cooperate with a motion arm to drive the laser cladding nozzle to move in the Z-axis direction according to the working conditions, so as to adjust the size of the molten pool b, and control the current of the current controller according to the Z-axis motion conditions to adjust the size of the powder beam c.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: In the present invention, by adding a first converging component at the pipeline and arranging a converging processing component on the outside of the nozzle, the powder needs to be magnetized by the first converging component before entering the nozzle in the pipeline, so that the powder has magnetic poles after magnetization, which is beneficial for the magnetized powder to generate the same-sex repulsive force with the converging processing component when spraying out of the nozzle, so as to achieve the effect of converging the powder together, reduce the dispersion and irregular arrangement of the powder, improve the position accuracy of the powder transport to the molten pool, and improve the forming quality and accuracy; at the same time, due to the action of the magnetic pole force, the powder will not be mixed with the gas into the molten pool, thereby reducing the porosity of the cladding layer, reducing the waste of powder, improving the powder utilization rate, and reducing human harm.

[0018] In the present invention, by adding a dual-vision camera closed-loop control system, the nozzle motion arm is controlled to realize the movement of the nozzle on the Z axis, thereby realizing the adjustment of the molten pool size, and the current controller is controlled to realize the current change on the inductor, thereby realizing the inductor controls the size of the repulsive force and the powder bundle change. The molten pool size can always be kept larger than the powder bundle size, the powder can be reduced from escaping from the molten pool, and the powder utilization rate can be improved. In addition, the closed-loop system can also automatically adjust the molten pool size and the powder bundle size according to the forming size requirements until the forming size requirements are met, reducing the traditional manual adjustment of process parameters to meet the part size requirements and improving the forming efficiency and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the state of existing powder when it leaves the nozzle.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first convergence component of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second convergence component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the beam splitter mechanism and reflective focusing mirror mechanism inside the laser cladding nozzle.

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the laser beam irradiation spot and powder beam distribution.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a forming size d state.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the powder is separated from the nozzle after adopting the present invention.

[0028] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the control method of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of a control method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. nozzle base plate; 2. laser cladding nozzle; 3. nozzle; 4. pipeline; 5. First converging component; 51. Permanent magnet base; 52. First permanent magnet body; 6. Second converging assembly; 61. Cylindrical seat; 62. Second permanent magnet body; 7. Center through hole; 8. Positioning hole; 9. Wire feeding tube bracket; 10. Collimator mechanism; 11. Moving arm; 12. First visual camera; 13. Second visual camera; 100. Reflective focusing mirror mechanism; 200. Spectrometer mechanism; 300. Support frame; 400. Upper cover; 500. Reflective light path through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0032] In the present invention, the term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, unless otherwise clearly defined. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "assembled on", "installed on", "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0034] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the following disclosure. Example

[0035] like Figure 2-Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides a multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment, including a nozzle base plate 1 and a laser cladding nozzle 2 fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate 1, the laser cladding nozzle 2 includes a nozzle 3 for outputting powder and a pipe 4 connected to the nozzle 3 and used for conveying powder, a first converging component 5 is fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate 1, an end of the pipe 4 away from the nozzle 3 is arranged on the inner side of the first converging component 5, and the powder is magnetized when passing through the first converging component 5 in the pipe 4, a converging processing component for repelling magnetic powder is arranged on the outer side of the nozzle 3, and the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2 is divided into multiple beams by the internal beam splitter to wrap the converging processing component and the nozzle 3.

[0036] One end of the nozzle base plate 1 is connected to a moving arm 11 for driving the laser cladding nozzle 2 to move in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions. A first visual camera 12 for monitoring the diameter size of the powder beam is provided on one side of the convergence processing component, and a second visual camera 13 for monitoring the size of the molten pool is provided on the other side of the convergence processing component.

[0037] It should be noted that the laser cladding nozzle 2 and the pipeline 4 are respectively made of materials that cannot be magnetized and do not affect the magnetic field and the powder transmission, so as to ensure the material of the powder and the flow of the powder in the pipeline 4.

[0038] At the same time, the laser cladding nozzle 2 also includes a wire feeding tube bracket 9, a collimator mechanism 10, a reflective focusing mirror mechanism 100, a spectroscope mechanism 200, a support frame 300, an upper cover 400 connected to the support frame 300, and a reflective light path through hole 500 provided on the support frame 300. The reflective focusing mirror mechanism 100 and the spectroscope mechanism 200 are both installed on the support frame 300, and the nozzle 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the wire feeding tube bracket 9. The collimator mechanism 10 is installed on the upper cover 400 by screws and corresponds to the wire feeding tube bracket 9. The laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism 10 can be projected onto the spectroscope of the spectroscope mechanism 200. The spectroscope divides the laser beam into multiple beams and projects them onto the reflective focusing mirror of the corresponding reflective focusing mirror mechanism 100. The laser beam reflected by the reflective focusing mirror is projected through the reflective light path through hole 500 to the bottom of the nozzle 3 of the laser cladding nozzle 2 to form an envelope light spot (such as Figure 7 As shown), the beam splitter in the beam splitter mechanism 200 includes at least two beam splitter surfaces arranged corresponding to the number of reflective focusing mirrors, and each beam splitter surface is a plane.

[0039] Further, the support frame 300 is cylindrical, and the support frame 300 has an upper surface, and an adjustment bracket is arranged on the upper surface, and a beam splitter groove for fixing the beam splitter, a bracket groove for fixing each adjustment bracket, and a reflective light path through hole 500 that passes through the support frame 300 are formed inwardly on the upper surface. The support frame 300 is provided with a beam splitter and at least two reflective focusing mirrors, and the reflective focusing mirrors are fixed to the support frame 300 through the adjustment bracket, and the position is finely adjusted by the adjustment bracket, and the adjustment bracket is fixed to the support frame 300 through the bracket groove; in this embodiment, the number of reflective focusing mirrors and adjustment brackets is three for illustration, and it should be further explained that in other embodiments, the number of the reflective focusing mirrors and adjustment brackets can also be two or four or more. The central vertical line of the support frame 300 overlaps with the optical axis of the beam splitter, and each bracket groove is evenly arranged around the upper surface relative to the beam splitter groove. The beam splitter receives the incident light beam and reflects the incident light beam to form a reflected light beam, the reflective focusing mirror receives the reflected light beam and converts the reflected light beam into a focused light beam, the focused light beam passes through the reflective light path through hole 500 that penetrates the support frame 300 and then forms a cladding focus on the substrate, and when the focused light beam forms the cladding focus, the second converging component 6 is located on the inner side of the focused light beam, and the nozzle 3 located on the inner side of the second converging component 6 is also located on the inner side of the focused light beam.

[0040] In summary, combined Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 7, the collimator mechanism 10, the vertical tube section of the wire feeding tube bracket 9, the nozzle 3 and the second converging component 6 outside the nozzle 3 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the center points of each component are on the same axis while being arranged in sequence from top to bottom, which can cause the second converging component 6 and the nozzle 3 to be located in the center area of ​​multiple focused beams and at the same time located in the inner area of ​​the multiple beams. In this embodiment, three focused beams (laser beams) are used as an illustration, so that the second converging component 6 is in a coaxial relationship with the nozzle 3 and the multiple beams generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2, and then the multiple focused beams described above can form an envelope spot below the nozzle 3 to complete the encapsulation of the powder beam, effectively ensuring that the powder beam realized by the second converging component 6 can be fully and evenly encapsulated by the laser beam, thereby improving the powder utilization rate and forming accuracy.

[0041] It is worth noting that the multi-beam technology formed by the laser cladding nozzle 2 described above is a well-known public technology. For more details, please refer to the public patent cited in the background technology. It should be noted that when operating this article, it is necessary to quote the content of the positional relationship between the multi-beam and various components in the public patent. Since the multi-beam technology is a well-known public technology and can be familiar to and applied by technical personnel in this field, this article will not elaborate on the multi-beam technology of the laser cladding nozzle 2 in more detail.

[0042] Furthermore, the first converging component 5 includes a permanent magnet base 51 fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate 1 by screws and a first permanent magnet body 52 connected to the permanent magnet base 51, the pipe 4 is arranged at the center of the first permanent magnet body 52, and a center through hole 7 is penetrated through one end face of the permanent magnet base 51 along the axial direction, and a positioning hole 8 symmetrically arranged with the center through hole 7 as the symmetry axis is penetrated through the surface of the permanent magnet base 51, and the permanent magnet base 51 is fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate 1 by screws passing through the positioning hole 8. The use of screws to fix the permanent magnet base 51 makes it easy to disassemble and assemble, and has greater stability.

[0043] Furthermore, the first permanent magnet body 52 includes two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, and the center of the circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is at the same center as the central through hole 7, and the pipe 4 passes through the inner side of the central through hole 7 and is located between the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies.

[0044] Specifically, with the help of two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, the powder needs to pass through the arc-shaped permanent magnet body there for magnetization treatment before entering the nozzle 3 in the pipe 4, so that the powder has magnetic poles after magnetization, which is beneficial for the magnetized powder to generate the same-sex repulsive force with the second converging component 6 when spraying out of the nozzle 3, so as to achieve the effect of converging the powder beam together, reduce the divergence and irregular arrangement of powder, improve the position accuracy of powder delivery to the molten pool, and improve the forming quality and accuracy; at the same time, due to the action of the magnetic pole force, the powder will not be mixed with the gas into the molten pool, thereby reducing the porosity of the cladding layer, reducing the waste of powder, improving the powder utilization rate, and reducing human harm.

[0045] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, as a further feature, the converging processing component is a second converging component 6 with the same magnetic properties as the first converging component 5, the second converging component 6 is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 3 and the multi-light beams generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2, and the second converging component 6 and the nozzle 3 are coaxially wrapped by the multi-light beams generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2, so that the second converging component 6 and the feeding channel are located in the center area of ​​multiple laser beams, effectively ensuring that the powder beam achieved by the second converging component 6 can be fully and evenly wrapped by the laser, thereby improving the powder utilization rate and the forming accuracy; and the second converging component 6 includes a cylindrical seat 61 sleeved on the outside of the nozzle 3 and a second permanent magnet body 62 fixedly installed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the cylindrical seat 61, and the cylindrical seat 61 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the wire feeding tube bracket 9 by screws.

[0046] Specifically, the second permanent magnet body 62 is arranged around the nozzle 3, overlapping with the outer part of the nozzle 3, and is located above the molten pool. Its magnetic properties are the same as those of the two corresponding arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies in the first converging component 5. The principle of like charges repel each other is utilized to aggregate the powder through the magnetic repulsion force of the magnetic poles, and the gas conveying the powder is separated from the powder, thereby improving the powder convergence rate and density.

[0047] Among them, when the cylindrical seat 61 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the wire feeding tube bracket 9 by screws, the screws need to pass through the connecting seat part at the top of the nozzle 3, which can further ensure the installation stability of the nozzle 3 and ensure the accuracy of powder delivery to the molten pool position.

[0048] It should be noted that Figure 2 and Figure 4 The arrow marked with "L" represents a laser beam. There are multiple laser beams. In this embodiment, since the number of reflective focusing mirrors and adjustment brackets is three, the laser beams in this embodiment are described as three beams.

[0049] As a further feature, the second permanent magnet body 62 includes two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, the center of the circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is at the same position as the center of the nozzle 3, and the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies are fixedly mounted on the cylindrical seat 61 by screws.

[0050] Specifically, with the help of two correspondingly arranged arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies, when the powder is ejected from the nozzle 3, the second permanent magnet body 62 aggregates the powder through the force of magnetic repulsion by utilizing the principle of like charges repelling each other, thereby reducing the divergence and irregular arrangement of the powder when it is ejected, improving the accuracy of powder delivery to the molten pool position, and ensuring the forming quality and accuracy.

[0051] It should be noted that when the device is in use, a substrate is disposed below the nozzle 3, and the dimension between the top surface of the substrate and the second permanent magnet body 62 is a spacing a (e.g. Figure 4 As shown), the size of the spacing a is larger than the diameter size e of a single powder particle; thus, the use of this structure effectively isolates the powder inside the permanent magnet, prevents the powder from overflowing, improves the powder utilization rate, and further prevents the problem of powder waste caused by weakening of the magnetic force due to long-term use, and the powder is ejected from the gap between the bottom surface of the second permanent magnet body 62 and the surface of the substrate, leaving the molten pool.

[0052] As a further feature, the two corresponding arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies in the first converging component 5 and the two corresponding arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies in the second converging component 6 are S-pole magnets or N-pole magnets, respectively.

[0053] Specifically, by using the arc-shaped permanent magnet body as a magnet of the same pole, the powder is first magnetized when passing through the first converging component 5, and then when passing through the second converging component 6, the principle of like charges repel each other is used to achieve the force of magnetic repulsion to aggregate the powder, thereby reducing the problem of the powder being distributed in a divergent manner under the action of the gas jet force, and at the same time, the gas conveying the powder can be separated from the powder, thereby improving the powder aggregation rate and density. Example

[0054] On the basis of the first embodiment, the convergence processing component is an inductor arranged on the outer ring side of the nozzle 3 and a current controller for adjusting the magnitude of the inductor current. The current controller controls the inductor repulsive force by adjusting the magnitude of the current.

[0055] Specifically, the inductor (not shown in the figures of this article) arranged on the outer ring side of the nozzle 3 changes the output current and other parameters such as the size and frequency through the current controller (not shown in the figures of this article), so as to control the magnetic field strength in the inductor, and then change its magnetic field, so as to achieve the control of the repulsion force of the inductor on the magnetic powder. In this way, the repulsion of the inductor to the powder is achieved to control the change in the size of the powder beam, promote the aggregation of the powder, reduce the problem of the powder being distributed in a divergent manner under the action of the gas injection force, improve the powder convergence rate and density, ensure the accuracy of the powder being transported to the molten pool position, and ensure the forming quality and precision.

[0056] It is worth noting that the components in the convergence processing assembly include inductors but are not limited to inductors. From a cost perspective, coils may also be used. Example

[0057] like Fig.10 As shown, the present invention also provides a control method for multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing, comprising the following steps: Step 100, using a powder feeding device to feed powder into the pipeline 4, so that the powder is magnetized when being transported through the first converging component 5; Step 200, when the magnetized powder is transported to the convergence processing component through the pipeline 4, the convergence processing component can repel the magnetic powder, so that the magnetic powder is gathered into a powder beam and then ejected through the nozzle 3. During this period, the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2 is divided into multiple beams by the internal beam splitter thereof, which can fully wrap the powder beam; Among them, the convergence processing component is the second convergence component 6, and the second permanent magnet body 62 in the second convergence component 6 is used, so that the second permanent magnet body 62 can aggregate the magnetized powder by utilizing the magnetic repulsive force, so that the powder forms a powder beam. At the same time, the laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism 10 can be projected onto the beam splitter of the beam splitter mechanism 200, and the beam splitter divides the laser beam into multiple beams and projects them onto the corresponding reflective focusing mirror of the reflective focusing mirror mechanism 100. The laser beam reflected by the reflective focusing mirror is projected through the reflective light path through hole 500 to the bottom of the nozzle 3 of the laser cladding nozzle 2 to form an envelope light spot, thereby realizing that multiple laser beams evenly wrap the second permanent magnet body 62, causing the nozzle 3 to be coaxial with the powder beam and the laser beam, effectively reducing the divergence and irregular arrangement of the powder during ejection, improving the accuracy of the powder beam transport to the molten pool position, ensuring the forming quality and accuracy, and improving the powder utilization rate.

[0058] Step 300, when the powder beam is sprayed, the first visual camera 12 and the second visual camera 13 work simultaneously, so that the first visual camera 12 monitors and collects the size of the powder beam, and the second visual camera 13 monitors and collects the distance a between the convergence processing component and the substrate; Step 400: The data collected by the two visual cameras is transmitted to the data processing center. The moving arm 11 adjusts the distance a between the convergence processing assembly and the substrate according to the working conditions; Among them, the distance a between the second permanent magnet body 62 and the substrate is adjusted according to the working conditions by two visual cameras in cooperation with the motion arm 11; Step 500, the laser cladding nozzle 2 is driven by the moving arm 11 to adjust to ensure that the distance a between the convergence processing component and the substrate is larger than the diameter of a single powder particle; Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the moving arm 11 drives the nozzle base plate 1, and the nozzle base plate 1 drives the laser cladding nozzle 2 to move in the Z-axis direction, so that the laser cladding nozzle 2 can drive the second converging component 6 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction, thereby ensuring that the spacing dimension a (such as Figure 4 The magnet (as shown) is larger than the diameter e of a single powder particle, thereby effectively isolating the powder inside the magnet, preventing the powder from overflowing and improving the powder utilization rate.

[0059] Step 600: Finally, after everything is confirmed, metal 3D printing can be carried out. Example

[0060] like Fig.11 As shown, the present invention also provides a control method for multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing, comprising the following steps: Step 100, using a powder feeding device to feed powder into the pipeline 4, so that the powder is magnetized when being transported through the first converging component 5; Step 200, when the magnetized powder is transported to the convergence processing component through the pipeline 4, the convergence processing component can repel the magnetic powder, so that the magnetic powder is gathered into a powder beam and then ejected through the nozzle 3. During this period, the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle 2 is divided into multiple beams by the internal beam splitter thereof, which can fully wrap the powder beam; Among them, the convergence processing component is a current controller, and the current of the current controller is adjusted to control the inductance repulsion force, and then the inductance controlled by the current controller can repel the magnetized powder, so that the powder is aggregated to form a powder beam. During this period, the laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism 10 can be projected onto the beam splitter of the beam splitter mechanism 200, and the beam splitter divides the laser beam into multiple beams and projects them onto the corresponding reflective focusing mirror of the reflective focusing mirror mechanism 100. The laser beam reflected by the reflective focusing mirror is projected through the reflective light path through hole 500 to the bottom of the nozzle 3 of the laser cladding nozzle 2 to form an envelope light spot, thereby achieving multiple laser beams uniformly wrapping the inductance of the current controller, causing the nozzle 3 to be coaxial with the powder beam and the laser beam, effectively reducing the divergence and irregular arrangement of the powder during ejection, improving the accuracy of the powder beam transport to the molten pool position, ensuring the forming quality and accuracy, and improving the powder utilization rate.

[0061] Step 300: When the powder beam is ejected, the first visual camera 12 and the second visual camera 13 work simultaneously, so that the first visual camera 12 monitors and collects the size of the powder beam, and the second visual camera 13 monitors and collects the size of the molten pool; Step 400: The data collected by the two visual cameras is transmitted to the data processing center. The moving arm 11 drives the laser cladding nozzle 2 to move in the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis direction according to the working conditions to control the molten pool size b (such as Figure 7 Changes in size (as shown); Or, according to the axis motion condition, the convergence processing component is controlled to achieve the powder beam size c (such as Figure 7 Changes in size (as shown); Step 500, the laser cladding nozzle 2 is driven by the moving arm 11 to adjust to ensure that the converged molten pool size b is larger than the powder beam size c; Among them, two visual cameras cooperate with the motion arm 11 to drive the laser cladding nozzle 2 to move in the Z-axis direction according to the working conditions, so as to adjust the size of the molten pool b, and control the current size of the current controller according to the Z-axis motion working conditions to adjust the size of the powder beam c; Combination Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, specifically, the moving arm 11 drives the nozzle base plate 1, and the nozzle base plate 1 drives the laser cladding nozzle 2 to move in the Z-axis direction, so that the laser cladding nozzle 2 can drive the current controller (not shown in the drawings herein) installed at the bottom of the wire feeding tube bracket 9 to move, thereby causing the current controller to move in the Z-axis direction, thereby adjusting the defocus amount to achieve a change in the multi-beam spot size, and thus achieving a change in the molten pool size; When the molten pool size b changes, the first visual camera 12 and the second visual camera 13 work in coordination, so that the external existing main controller can control the current size of the current controller through the collected data of the two visual cameras, and then under the effect of adjusting the inductive repulsive force, the size c of the shaped powder bundle can be adjusted, so that the powder bundle size c changes with the change of the molten pool size b, thereby improving the forming efficiency; Step 600: Finally, after everything is confirmed, metal 3D printing can be carried out.

[0062] It is worth noting that the movement of the laser cladding nozzle 2 in the Z-axis direction is, on the one hand, to achieve three-dimensional forming of parts, and on the other hand, to achieve changes in the size of the multi-beam spot by adjusting the defocus amount, thereby achieving changes in the size of the molten pool. Example

[0063] Combination Figure 8As shown, based on the fourth embodiment, the control method of the multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing provided by the present invention can also be based on the forming size d on the substrate (such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the molten pool size b and the powder bundle size c are controlled in linkage, ensuring that the molten pool size b and the powder bundle size c are automatically adjusted according to the forming size d requirement until the forming size d requirement is met, reducing the traditional manual adjustment of process parameters to meet the part size requirements and improving the forming efficiency and quality.

[0064] It should be emphasized that although the first convergence component 5 and the second convergence component 6 are implemented as permanent magnets in this article, they include but are not limited to permanent magnets, and can also be inductors, coils or other magnetic objects. Among them, this article describes the convergence processing component as an inductor combined with a current controller for explanation, and this article does not give examples of other magnetic objects and control methods one by one.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a nozzle base plate (1) and a laser cladding nozzle (2) fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate (1), the laser cladding nozzle (2) comprising a nozzle (3) for outputting powder and a pipe (4) connected to the nozzle (3) and used for conveying powder, a first magnetic converging component (5) is fixedly mounted on the nozzle base plate (1), an end of the pipe (4) away from the nozzle (3) is arranged on the inner side of the first converging component (5), and the powder is magnetized when passing through the first converging component (5) in the pipe (4), a converging processing component for repelling magnetic powder is arranged on the outer side of the nozzle (3), and a laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle (2) is divided into multiple beams by a beam splitter inside the laser cladding nozzle (2) to wrap the converging processing component and the nozzle (3).

2. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the nozzle base plate (1) is connected to a moving arm (11) for driving the laser cladding nozzle (2) to move in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions; one side of the convergence processing component is provided with a first visual camera (12) for monitoring the diameter size of the powder beam; and the other side of the convergence processing component is provided with a second visual camera (13) for monitoring the size of the molten pool.

3. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first converging component (5) comprises a permanent magnet base (51) mounted on the nozzle base plate (1) and a first permanent magnet body (52) connected to the permanent magnet base (51); the pipe (4) is arranged at the center of the first permanent magnet body (52); and a center through hole (7) is formed through one end surface of the permanent magnet base (51) along the axial direction.

4. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first permanent magnet body (52) comprises two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies arranged correspondingly, and the center of a circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is co-centered with the central through hole (7), and the inner side of the pipe (4) passing through the central through hole (7) is located between the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies.

5. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding nozzle (2) further comprises a wire feeding tube support (9), a collimator mechanism (10), a reflective focusing mirror mechanism (100), a beam splitter mechanism (200), a support frame (300), an upper cover (400) connected to the support frame (300), and a reflective light path through hole (500) provided on the support frame (300); the collimator mechanism (10) is mounted on the upper cover (400) by means of screws and corresponds to the wire feeding tube support (9); and the laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism (10) is split into multiple beams by means of a beam splitter in the beam splitter mechanism (200).

6. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The converging processing component is a second converging component (6) having the same magnetic properties as the first converging component (5), and the second converging component (6) is coaxially arranged with the nozzle (3) and the multiple light beams generated by the laser cladding nozzle (2).

7. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second converging assembly (6) comprises a cylindrical seat (61) sleeved on the outside of the nozzle (3) and a second permanent magnet body (62) fixedly installed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the cylindrical seat (61), the second permanent magnet body (62) comprising two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies arranged correspondingly, and the center of a circle formed by the two arc-shaped permanent magnet bodies is at the same position as the center of a nozzle of the nozzle (3).

8. The multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The convergence processing component is an inductor arranged on the outer ring side of the nozzle (3) and a current controller for adjusting the magnitude of the inductor current, and the current controller controls the inductor repulsive force by adjusting the magnitude of the current.

9. A control method using the multifunctional adaptive laser metal 3D printing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 100, using a powder feeding device to feed powder into a pipeline (4), so that the powder is magnetized when being transported through a first converging component (5); Step 200, when the magnetized powder is transported to the convergence processing component through the pipeline (4), the convergence processing component can repel the magnetic powder, so that the magnetic powder is gathered into a powder beam and then ejected through the nozzle (3). During this period, the laser beam generated by the laser cladding nozzle (2) is divided into multiple beams by the internal beam splitter thereof, which can fully wrap the powder beam; Step 300: When the powder beam is ejected, the first visual camera (12) and the second visual camera (13) work simultaneously, so that the first visual camera (12) monitors and collects the size of the powder beam, and the second visual camera (13) monitors and collects the size of the molten pool or monitors and collects the distance between the convergence processing component and the substrate; Step 400: The data collected by the two visual cameras is transmitted to the data processing center. The moving arm (11) adjusts the distance a between the convergence processing component and the substrate according to the working conditions; Alternatively, the moving arm (11) drives the laser cladding nozzle (2) to move in the X-axis, Y-axis or Z-axis direction according to the working conditions, so as to control the change of the size b of the molten pool; Or, the size c of the powder beam is changed by controlling the convergence processing component according to the axis motion condition; Step 500, driving the laser cladding nozzle (2) to adjust by means of the moving arm (11) to ensure that the distance a between the convergence processing component and the substrate is larger than the diameter of a single powder particle or the molten pool size b is larger than the powder beam size c; Step 600: Finally, after everything is confirmed, metal 3D printing can be carried out.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 400, Using two visual cameras in conjunction with a motion arm (11), the distance a between the second permanent magnet body (62) and the substrate is adjusted according to working conditions; Alternatively, two visual cameras cooperate with the motion arm (11) to drive the laser cladding nozzle (2) to move in the Z-axis direction according to the working conditions, thereby adjusting the size of the molten pool b, and controlling the current size of the current controller according to the Z-axis motion working conditions to adjust the size of the powder beam c.

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