Biomass entrained flow gasification system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of gasification technology, and specifically to a biomass fluidized bed gasification system and method, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system comprising a gasification chamber and a quenching chamber, the gasification chamber comprising a gasification body and a coating covering the inner wall surface of the gasification body, the coating being a coating formed of refractory castable, a feed nozzle and a gasification outlet being respectively provided at both ends of the gasification body, the quenching chamber comprising a quenching body and at least one quenching ring, the quenching ring being arranged in the quenching body and adjacent to the gasification outlet, a plurality of liquid inlets being provided on the outer circumference of the quenching ring, a liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and a tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet having a first angle therebetween, the liquid inlet being connected to an alkaline solution source, a liquid outlet being provided on the inner circumference of the quenching ring, a liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet having a second angle therebetween with a radial direction of the quenching ring, the quenching ring being used to process the gasification product, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gasification technology, and in particular to a biomass entrained flow gasification system and method. Background Art

[0002] Biomass resources are abundant and diverse, and the properties of various types of biomass vary significantly. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass is an important way to utilize biomass energy. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass refers to the conversion of the combustible portion of biomass into combustible gas through chemical decomposition at high temperatures. In the field of gasification, biomass pyrolysis and gasification are often performed using fixed-bed and fluidized-bed methods. However, fixed-bed methods are suitable for raw materials with larger particle sizes, while fluidized-bed methods are suitable for finely powdered raw materials. The characteristics of fixed and fluidized beds, as well as the properties of biomass, result in low gasification efficiency during the biomass gasification process.

[0003] In related technologies, entrained flow is used to pyrolyze and gasify biomass. However, entrained flow is mostly used in the field of coal gasification. Due to the difference in properties between biomass and coal gas, the operating cost of biomass gasification in the form of coal gasification is relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a biomass entrained flow gasification system, which reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a biomass entrained flow gasification method.

[0006] The biomass fluidized bed gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a gasification chamber, the gasification chamber includes a gasification body and a coating, the coating covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body, the coating is a coating formed by refractory castables, and the coating is used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, one end of the gasification body is provided with at least one feed nozzle, and the other end of the gasification body is provided with a gasification outlet to output gasification products; a quenching chamber, the quenching chamber includes a quenching body and at least one quenching ring, the quenching body is connected to the gasification body, at least one quenching ring is provided in the quenching body and arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, the quenching A plurality of liquid inlets are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the cooling ring, and the plurality of liquid inlets are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring. A first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, and the range of the first angle is 0°-30°. The liquid inlet is suitable for being connected to an alkaline solution source. A liquid outlet is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring, and the liquid outlet passes through the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring. A second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction and the radial direction of the quenching ring, and the range of the second angle is 0°-30°. The quenching ring is used to process the gasification product.

[0007] The biomass entrained-flow gasification system of the embodiment of the present invention reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0008] In some embodiments, the vaporization chamber further includes a reflective layer, the reflective layer covers the inner wall surface of the vaporization body, and the reflective layer is located between the inner wall surface of the vaporization body and the covering layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the vaporization chamber further includes a heat insulation layer, one end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the reflective layer, and the other end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the cover layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized bed gasification system further includes a gripping nail, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the other end of which extends in a direction away from the inner wall surface of the gasification chamber. The other end of the gripping nail passes through the reflective layer and the thermal insulation layer and is located in the covering layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are multiple feed nozzles, and the multiple feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body, or one of the multiple feed nozzles is set at the end of the gasification body, and the other feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body.

[0012] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber also includes a quenching tube, which extends axially along the quenching body, one end of the quenching tube is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of the quenching tube is connected to the quenching ring. The inner peripheral surface of the quenching tube forms a first channel, and a second channel is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the quenching tube and the inner wall surface of the quenching body.

[0013] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber further includes a support plate, one end of the support plate is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, the other end of the support plate is connected to one end of the quenching tube, and a through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the first channel and the second channel.

[0014] In some embodiments, a first outlet, a second outlet, and a third outlet are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body, the first outlet is connected to an end of the first channel away from the vaporization chamber, the second outlet and the third outlet are directly connected to the second channel, and the second outlet is arranged closer to the first outlet than the third outlet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the biomass fluidized flow gasification system further includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed on the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body; and / or, the biomass fluidized flow gasification system further includes a load-bearing plate, which is disposed at the other end of the gasification body.

[0016] The biomass fluidized flow gasification method of the embodiment of the present invention includes: using a feed nozzle to spray gasification raw materials and gasifying agents into a gasification body, and controlling the reaction temperature in the gasification body to be between 700°C and 1100°C, wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than a preset temperature; using a gasification outlet to transport the gasification products in the gasification reaction process to a quenching chamber, wherein the gasification products include fly ash, slag and biogas, the fly ash being a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag being liquid slag and / or solid ash; using multiple liquid inlets of the quenching ring to transport alkaline solution into the quenching ring, and spraying alkaline solution to the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quenching ring, wherein the quenching ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet have a first angle, and the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet has a second angle with the radial direction of the quenching ring; using the alkaline solution to react with HCl in the biogas, and washing the NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas; using the first outlet to discharge the slag, using the second outlet to discharge the reacted alkaline solution, and using the third outlet to discharge the reacted biogas.

[0017] The biomass entrained flow gasification method according to the embodiment of the present invention reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a biomass entrained flow gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a quenching ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the liquid outlet of the quenching ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a tapered plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of point D in the middle.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] Vaporization chamber 1, vaporization body 11, coating 12, feed nozzle 13, vaporization outlet 14, reflection layer 15, heat insulation layer 16,

[0025] Chilling chamber 2, chilling body 21, first outlet 211, second outlet 212, third outlet 213,

[0026] quenching ring 22, liquid inlet 221, liquid outlet 222, liquid inlet pipe 223,

[0027] Chilling tube 23,

[0028] First channel 24, second channel 25,

[0029] Support plate 26, through hole 261,

[0030] Grasping nail 3, temperature sensor 4, bearing plate 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a gasification chamber 1 and a quenching chamber 2. The gasification chamber 1 includes a gasification body 11 and a cladding 12. The cladding 12 covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 and is formed of a refractory castable material. The cladding 12 is used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11. At least one feed nozzle 13 is provided at one end of the gasification body 11, and a gasification outlet 14 is provided at the other end of the gasification body 11 to output the gasification products. The quenching chamber 2 includes a quenching body 21 and at least one quenching ring 22. The quenching body 21 is connected to the gasification body 11. The at least one quenching ring 22 is arranged in the quenching body 21 and is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet 14. A plurality of liquid inlets 221 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22. The plurality of liquid inlets 221 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring 22. A first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 and the tangent direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221. The first angle A ranges from 0° to 30°. The liquid inlet 221 is suitable for connecting to an alkaline solution source. A liquid outlet 222 is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22. The liquid outlet 222 penetrates the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring 22 along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring 22. A second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction of the liquid outlet 222 and the radial direction of the quenching ring 22. The second angle B ranges from 0° to 30°. The quenching ring 22 is used to process the gasification product.

[0033] Specifically, if Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the vaporization chamber 1 is located above the quenching chamber 2. A feed nozzle 13 is provided at the upper end of the vaporization body 11, and a vaporization outlet 14 is provided at the lower end of the vaporization body 11. The gasified raw materials and gasifying agent are sprayed into the vaporization body 11 through the feed nozzle 13. A quenching ring 22 is disposed within the quenching body 11 at its upper end. This quenching ring 22 is used to process the gasification products entering the quenching body 21. By defining a first angle between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 and the tangent direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221, the quenching liquid entering the quenching ring 22 maintains a certain velocity, maintaining the pressure within the quenching ring 22 and improving the uniform distribution of the quenching liquid. Furthermore, since the quenching liquid maintains a high-speed flow within the quenching ring 22, clogging of the quenching ring 22 due to slag accumulation is prevented. This ensures uniform distribution of the quenching liquid within the quenching ring 22 while preventing clogging.

[0034] Optionally, the quenching ring 22 includes a liquid inlet pipe 223, one end of which is connected to the liquid inlet 221, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 223 extends out of the quenching body 21 and is connected to the alkaline solution source, and the alkaline solution is transported into the quenching ring 22 through the liquid inlet pipe 223 to form an alkaline quenching liquid.

[0035] Optionally, the coating 12 is made of mullite, corundum, high-alumina bauxite clinker, or clay clinker. The present embodiment does not limit the material of the coating 12 to a specific limit, and any material that can achieve thermal insulation and resist HCl corrosion in biogas falls within the scope of protection of the present embodiment.

[0036] This embodiment limits the first angle to prevent the quenching liquid from entering the quenching ring 22 and disrupting the flow field distribution within the quenching ring 22, thereby ensuring that the quenching liquid is evenly distributed within the quenching ring 22. By limiting the second angle, the quenching liquid flows out at a set angle, which helps form a closed solution film and facilitates sufficient contact between the gasification products and the solution.

[0037] Optionally, the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet 221 is the tangential direction of the quenching ring 22 at the liquid inlet 221 .

[0038] Optionally, the liquid outlet 222 penetrates the inner circumference of the quenching ring 22 along the circumference of the quenching ring 22. The size of the liquid outlet 222 is 1-10 mm, ensuring an outlet speed of 5-20 m / s, so that the quenching liquid forms a closed solution film.

[0039] Optionally, multiple chilling rings 22 are provided, spaced apart in the vertical direction. This arrangement can provide more chilling liquid, improve gas-liquid mixing uniformity, and achieve a better cooling effect. The number of liquid inlets 221 on each chilling ring 22 can be the same or different. For example, the number of liquid inlets 221 can be two, three, four, or five.

[0040] Compared with the related art in which the gasification chamber 1 adopts a water-cooled wall or refractory brick method, in this embodiment, a coating 12 formed by a refractory castable is covered on the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, which not only plays a role in heat insulation but also makes the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 lower than the reaction temperature inside the gasification body 11. Due to the low cost of the castable, the operating cost of biomass gasification is reduced.

[0041] Furthermore, the coating 12 formed by the castable in this embodiment is easier to repair than refractory bricks, which can reduce maintenance costs. The castable can store heat, which helps control the temperature of the gasification chamber 1. In addition, the castable is resistant to corrosion by the complex components in biogas, which can reduce biogas corrosion on the gasification body 11.

[0042] The inventors found that there are many types of biomass, and the properties of various types of biomass vary greatly. In addition, compared with coal, the carbon dioxide reaction activity of biomass is generally higher. However, the ash fusion temperature of biomass varies greatly due to different ash content. For example, the flow temperature of herbaceous rapeseed stalks is below 900°C, the flow temperature of woody fir is above 1300°C, and the flow temperature of corn cobs and corn stalks in different regions varies between 900-1300. When using liquid slagging, the gasification temperature needs to be greatly adjusted due to the differences in raw materials, resulting in fluctuations in operating conditions. The higher reaction temperature leads to energy waste, which in turn increases the gasification cost.

[0043] Compared with the fluidized bed reaction temperature of about 1200-1300°C in the related art, the liquid slag discharge method is adopted. In this embodiment, the high reactivity of biomass carbon dioxide is utilized to enable the biomass to completely react at a lower reaction temperature to adjust the gasification chamber 1, and the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber 1 is controlled at 700-1100°C for dry powder gasification, thereby improving the carbon conversion rate. The liquid slag and solid ash slag discharge method is adopted, and the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber 1 does not need to follow the ash melting point temperature change, that is, there is no need to melt the solid ash into liquid slag, which solves the problems of large biomass ash melting temperature range and operating condition fluctuations, reduces the reaction temperature, and further reduces the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0044] Compared with the setting in the related art where the gasifying agent is water vapor, which is conducive to the precipitation of chlorine, this embodiment uses carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent, which is conducive to reducing the precipitation of chlorine from the raw material. At the same time, carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent helps to increase the composition of the effective gas.

[0045] In some embodiments, as Figure 5As shown, the vaporization chamber 1 further includes a reflective layer 15, which covers the inner wall surface of the vaporization body 11 and is located between the inner wall surface of the vaporization body 11 and the cover 12. The reflective layer 15 can reflect heat, reduce heat transfer to the outside, and thus reduce heat loss.

[0046] Optionally, the reflective layer 15 is a metal foil or a reflective film.

[0047] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the vaporization chamber 1 further includes a heat insulating layer 16, one end of the heat insulating layer 16 is connected to the reflective layer 15, and the other end of the heat insulating layer 16 is connected to the cover layer 12. The provision of the heat insulating layer 16 can further reduce heat loss.

[0048] Optionally, the thermal insulation layer 16 may be made of a variety of materials, such as ceramic fiberboard, aluminum silicate fiber, asbestos, etc. As long as the thermal insulation layer is made of materials with low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance, it falls within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0049] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the biomass entrained flow gasification system further includes a gripping spike 3. One end of the gripping spike 3 is connected to the inner wall of the gasification body 11, and the other end of the gripping spike 3 extends away from the inner wall of the gasification chamber 1. The other end of the gripping spike 3 passes through the reflective layer 15 and the thermal insulation layer 16 and is located within the cladding layer 12. Providing the gripping spike 3 on the inner wall of the gasification body 11 not only improves the fixation of the castable, but also secures the reflective layer 15 and the thermal insulation layer 16.

[0050] Optionally, the gripping nail 3 is Y-shaped.

[0051] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple feed nozzles 13, and the multiple feed nozzles 13 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11, or one of the multiple feed nozzles 13 is set at the end of the gasification body 11, and the other feed nozzles 13 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11.

[0052] Optionally, when there is one feed nozzle 13, the feed nozzle 13 is disposed at the upper end of the gasification body 11. When there are two feed nozzles 13, the two feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are three feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is disposed at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the two feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11; or, the three feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are four feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is disposed at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the three feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11; or, the four feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11. When there are five feed nozzles 13, one feed nozzle 13 is disposed at the upper end of the gasification body 11, and the four feed nozzles 13 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the gasification body 11.

[0053] Optionally, the angle between the feed axis of the feed burner 13 and the axis of the gasification body 11 is 0°-90°.

[0054] When the capacity of the gasification body 11 is large, only one feed nozzle 13 is set, and the atomization effect and dispersion effect of the airflow in the gasification body 11 are not good. By setting multiple feed nozzles 13, on the one hand, the dispersion effect of the airflow can be improved, and on the other hand, different gasification raw materials can be adapted. For example, one feed nozzle is used to introduce gasification slurry, and the other feed nozzle 13 is used to introduce powdered raw materials.

[0055] Furthermore, by arranging multiple feed nozzles 13 evenly spaced around the circumference of the gasification body 11, gasification bodies 11 of different capacities can be accommodated, and the airflows ejected by the multiple feed nozzles 13 collide with each other in the gasification body 11 and mix at the intersection of the airflows, so that the gasification body and the gasifying agent are fully in contact.

[0056] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber 2 also includes a quenching tube 23, which extends axially along the quenching body 21. One end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the other end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the quenching ring 22. The inner peripheral surface of the quenching tube 23 forms a first channel 24, and a second channel 25 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the quenching tube 23 and the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21.

[0057] Specifically, if Figure 1As shown, the quenching tube 23 extends in the vertical direction, the lower end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the upper end of the quenching tube 23 is connected to the quenching ring 22 to fix and support the quenching ring 22. By arranging the quenching ring 22 at the upper end of the quenching tube 23 and spraying the alkaline quenching liquid through the quenching ring 22, the alkaline quenching liquid is used to wash and cool the gasification products entering the quenching body 21. At the same time, the high-temperature biogas can react with the trace oxygen in the alkaline quenching liquid to prevent the oxygen from reacting with the iron-containing substances in the chloride ion solution to form a galvanic cell reaction and corroding the quenching body 21. In other words, the high-temperature biogas in the gasification products fully contacts the weak alkaline quenching liquid, which helps to consume the trace oxygen in the quenching liquid and prevent the oxygen from contacting the equipment and pipelines in the quenching chamber 2 and causing a galvanic cell reaction to corrode the equipment and pipelines.

[0058] Understandably, biomass is rich in elements such as Cl, Na, and K. When the gasification temperature is above 800°C, all the Cl in the biomass will be absorbed into the biogas, existing as gaseous HCl, NaCl, and KCl. At high temperatures, HCl reacts with Fe to form ferric chloride. At temperatures above the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, the ferric chloride evaporates into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to form chlorine. The chlorine reacts with Fe, initiating a new round of corrosion.

[0059] In this embodiment, the quenching liquid is set to a weakly alkaline solution, which neutralizes the HCl in the biogas, thereby preventing HCl corrosion on equipment and pipelines. Furthermore, the weakly alkaline solution scrubs the biogas, removing NaCl, KCl, and fly ash, thereby eliminating contamination and corrosion caused by NaCl and KCl and extending the service life of the quenching chamber 2.

[0060] Optionally, the thickness of the coating 12 formed by the castable can be determined according to the reaction temperature in the gasification body 11. The higher the reaction temperature, the thicker the castable is; conversely, the lower the reaction temperature, the thinner the castable is. It is sufficient to ensure that the temperature at the inner wall of the gasification body 11 is less than 306°C.

[0061] Furthermore, since the cost of the quench chamber 2 is lower than that of the radiation waste boiler, the quench chamber 2 is used in this embodiment to process the gasification product, thereby further reducing the cost of biomass gasification.

[0062] Optionally, the alkaline quenching liquid is a weak alkaline solution with a pH value between 7 and 8.

[0063] In some embodiments, the quenching chamber 2 also includes a support plate 26, one end of the support plate 26 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the other end of the support plate 26 is connected to one end of the quenching tube 23. A through hole 261 is provided on the support plate 26 to connect the first channel 24 and the second channel 25.

[0064] Specifically, if Figure 1As shown, the lower end of the support plate 26 is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, and the upper end of the support plate 26 is connected to the lower end of the quenching tube 23. The biomass reacts with the gasification agent to generate biogas, and the biogas moves downward from the gasification outlet 14 to the first channel 24 of the quenching chamber 2. When entering the first channel 24, the alkaline quenching liquid washes the biogas. The washed biogas continues to move downward and enters the second channel 25 through the through hole 261.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the support plate 26 is a conical plate. By providing a through hole 261 on the conical plate, impurities in the biogas can be intercepted. The biogas passes through the through hole 261 of the conical plate at a relatively high speed into the second channel 25. The gas and water in the liquid phase of the second channel 25 are fully mixed, further removing fly ash and impurities in the biogas, and fully washing away NaCl, KCl and heavy metal ions in the biogas.

[0066] Optionally, the size of the through holes 261 is 5-20 mm, and the spacing between the through holes 261 is 5-10 cm. For example, the spacing distance between the through holes 261 in the circumferential direction of the support plate 26 is 10 cm, and the spacing distance in the axial direction of the support plate 26 is 5 cm.

[0067] In some embodiments, a first outlet 211, a second outlet 212 and a third outlet 213 are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body 21, the first outlet 211 is connected to the end of the first channel 24 away from the vaporization chamber 1, the second outlet 212 and the third outlet 213 are directly connected to the second channel 25, and the second outlet 212 is arranged closer to the first outlet 211 than the third outlet 213.

[0068] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the biomass reaction generates biogas, fly ash, and slag, wherein the fly ash is a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag includes liquid slag and / or solid ash slag. The biogas carries the slag from the gasification outlet 14 at the lower end of the gasification chamber 1 into the first channel 24 of the quenching chamber 2, and is washed and cooled by the weak alkaline solution sprayed from the quenching ring 22. The slag is discharged through the first outlet 211 arranged opposite to the first channel 24, and the biogas moves upward through the support plate 26 to the second channel 25. The weak alkaline quenching liquid neutralizes HCl, NaCl, KCl, etc. in the biogas, and at the same time washes out the fly ash in the biogas. The biogas is discharged through the third outlet 213, and the weak alkaline solution is discharged through the second outlet 212.

[0069] In some embodiments, the biomass entrained flow gasification system further includes a temperature sensor 4 . The temperature sensor 4 is disposed on the inner wall of the gasification body 11 and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall of the gasification body 11 .

[0070] Since ferric chloride volatilizes into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to form chlorine when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, this embodiment solves the problem of corrosion of the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 by the Cl element by directly detecting the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 and controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 to be less than 306°C. In other words, since HCl reacts with Fe to form ferric chloride in a high temperature environment, when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, the ferric chloride volatilizes into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to form chlorine. The reaction of chlorine with Fe initiates a new round of corrosion. By controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11 to be lower than 306°C, the ferric chloride is solid at the inner wall surface of the gasification body 11, and the solid ferric chloride does not volatilize into the gas phase and react with oxygen to form chlorine, thereby preventing corrosion of the gasification body 11.

[0071] In some embodiments, the biomass entrained flow gasification system further includes a load-bearing plate 5, which is disposed at the other end of the gasification body 11. The load-bearing plate 5 supports the castable, bearing most of the castable's weight. The gripping pins 3 secure the castable and also provide some support.

[0072] The biomass fluidized flow gasification method of the embodiment of the present invention includes: using a feed nozzle to spray gasification raw materials and gasifying agents into a gasification body, and controlling the reaction temperature in the gasification body to be 700°C-1100°C, wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than a preset temperature; using a gasification outlet to transport gasification products in the gasification reaction process to a quenching chamber, wherein the gasification products include slag, fly ash and biogas, and the slag is liquid slag and / or solid ash; using An alkaline solution is transported into the quenching ring through multiple liquid inlets, and the alkaline solution is sprayed onto the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quenching ring, wherein the quenching ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, a first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, and a second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction and the radial direction of the quenching ring; the alkaline solution is reacted with HCl in the biogas, and NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas are washed; the slag is discharged through the first outlet, the alkaline solution after the reaction is discharged through the second outlet, and the biogas after the reaction is discharged through the third outlet.

[0073] In this embodiment, a coating formed by covering the inner wall surface of the gasification body with a refractory castable serves to insulate and heat while making the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body lower than the reaction temperature inside the gasification body. Due to the low cost of the castable, the operating cost of the biomass gasification is reduced.

[0074] In this embodiment, the high reactivity of biomass carbon dioxide is utilized, and the characteristic that it can react completely at a relatively low reaction temperature is used to control the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber to 700-1100°C for dry powder gasification, thereby improving the carbon conversion rate. By adopting the slag discharge method of liquid slag and solid ash, the reaction temperature of the gasification chamber does not need to change with the temperature change of the ash melting point, that is, there is no need to melt the solid ash into liquid slag, thereby solving the problems of the wide melting temperature range of biomass ash and the fluctuation of operating conditions, lowering the reaction temperature, and further reducing the operating cost of biomass gasification.

[0075] By limiting the first angle between the liquid inlet direction of the liquid inlet and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, the quenching liquid entering the quenching ring has a certain speed, which can maintain the pressure in the quenching ring and improve the uniform distribution of the quenching liquid. Moreover, since the quenching liquid maintains a high-speed flow in the quenching ring, the quenching ring is prevented from being blocked by slag accumulation, so that the quenching liquid is evenly distributed in the quenching ring while avoiding blockage of the quenching ring.

[0076] By arranging a quenching ring at the upper end of the quenching tube and spraying alkaline quenching liquid through the quenching ring, the alkaline quenching liquid is used to wash and cool the gasification products entering the quenching body. On the one hand, the high-temperature biogas in the gasification products is fully in contact with the weak alkaline quenching liquid, which helps to consume the trace oxygen in the quenching liquid and prevent the oxygen from contacting the equipment and pipelines in the quenching chamber, causing galvanic cell reactions to corrode the equipment and pipelines; on the other hand, the weak alkaline solution neutralizes the HCl in the biogas, solving the corrosion of HCl to the equipment and pipelines. The weak alkaline solution washes the biogas, which can wash away the NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas, solve the contamination and corrosion problems of NaCl and KCl, and extend the service life of the quenching chamber.

[0077] In some embodiments, the preset temperature is 306°C. By directly detecting the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body and controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be less than 306°C, the problem of corrosion of the inner wall surface of the gasification body by the Cl element is solved. In other words, since HCl reacts with Fe to form ferric chloride in a high temperature environment, when the temperature is higher than the melting point of ferric chloride, 306°C, the ferric chloride evaporates into the gas phase and reacts with oxygen to form chlorine, and the chlorine reacts with Fe to start a new round of corrosion. By controlling the temperature at the inner wall surface of the gasification body to be lower than 306°C, the ferric chloride is solid at the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the solid ferric chloride will not evaporate into the gas phase and react with oxygen to form chlorine, thereby avoiding corrosion of the gasification body.

[0078] In some embodiments, the gasifying agent is carbon dioxide. By setting carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent, carbon dioxide reacts with the biomass dry powder to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The setting of carbon dioxide can reduce the precipitation of chlorine.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0080] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0081] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0082] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0083] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0084] It is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass entrained flow gasification system, characterized in that: include: A gasification chamber, comprising a gasification body and a coating, wherein the coating covers the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is formed of a refractory castable material and is used to reduce the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body. At least one feed nozzle is provided at one end of the gasification body, and a gasification outlet is provided at the other end of the gasification body to output gasification products. The reaction temperature of the gasification chamber is controlled to be 700-1100°C for dry powder gasification; A quenching chamber, wherein the quenching chamber includes a quenching body and at least one quenching ring, the quenching body being connected to the gasification body, at least one quenching ring being arranged in the quenching body and adjacent to the gasification outlet, a plurality of liquid inlets being provided on the outer circumferential surface of the quenching ring, the plurality of liquid inlets being arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the quenching ring, a first angle being formed between the liquid inlet direction and the tangent direction of the quenching ring at the liquid inlet, the first angle being in the range of 0°-30°, the liquid inlet being suitable for connecting with an alkaline solution source, a liquid outlet being provided on the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring, the liquid outlet penetrating the inner circumferential surface of the quenching ring along the circumferential direction of the quenching ring, a second angle being formed between the liquid outlet direction and the radial direction of the quenching ring, the second angle being in the range of 0°-30°, and the quenching ring being used to process the gasification product.

2. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vaporization chamber further includes a reflection layer, which covers the inner wall surface of the vaporization body and is located between the inner wall surface of the vaporization body and the covering layer.

3. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vaporization chamber further includes a heat insulation layer, one end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the reflective layer, and the other end of the heat insulation layer is connected to the covering layer.

4. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a grasping nail, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the gasification body, and the other end of which extends in a direction away from the inner wall surface of the gasification chamber. The other end of the grasping nail passes through the reflecting layer and the heat insulation layer and is located in the covering layer.

5. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple feed nozzles, and the multiple feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body, or one of the multiple feed nozzles is set at the end of the gasification body, and the other feed nozzles are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the gasification body.

6. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quenching chamber also includes a quenching tube, which extends axially along the quenching body. One end of the quenching tube is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of the quenching tube is connected to the quenching ring. The inner peripheral surface of the quenching tube forms a first channel, and a second channel is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the quenching tube and the inner wall surface of the quenching body.

7. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The quenching chamber further includes a support plate, one end of which is connected to the inner wall surface of the quenching body, and the other end of which is connected to one end of the quenching tube. A through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the first channel and the second channel.

8. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet are provided on the inner wall surface of the quenching body. The first outlet is connected to an end of the first channel away from the vaporization chamber. The second outlet and the third outlet are directly connected to the second channel, and the second outlet is arranged closer to the first outlet than the third outlet.

9. The biomass entrained flow gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The biomass entrained flow gasification system further includes a temperature sensor, which is arranged on the inner wall surface of the gasification body and is used to directly detect the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gasification body; and / or, The biomass entrained flow gasification system further includes a bearing plate, which is arranged at the other end of the gasification body.

10. A biomass entrained flow gasification method, characterized in that: include: The gasification raw materials and the gasifying agent are injected into the gasification body by using a feed nozzle, and the reaction temperature in the gasification body is controlled to be 700° C. to 1100° C., wherein the inner wall surface of the gasification body is covered with a coating formed by a refractory castable; Using a temperature sensor to directly monitor the temperature of the inner wall of the gasification body, and controlling the temperature of the inner wall of the gasification body to be lower than a preset temperature; The gasification products in the gasification reaction process are transported to the quenching chamber through the gasification outlet, wherein the gasification products include fly ash, slag and biogas, the fly ash is a mixture of incompletely reacted biochar and ash, and the slag is liquid slag and / or solid ash; An alkaline solution is transported into the quench ring by using multiple liquid inlets of the quench ring, and the alkaline solution is sprayed toward the gasification product through the liquid outlet of the quench ring, wherein the quench ring is arranged adjacent to the gasification outlet, a first angle is formed between the liquid inlet direction and the tangent direction of the quench ring at the liquid inlet, and the first angle ranges from 0° to 30°, and a second angle is formed between the liquid outlet direction and the radial direction of the quench ring, and the second angle ranges from 0° to 30°; utilizing the alkaline solution to react with HCl in the biogas and scrubbing NaCl, KCl and fly ash in the biogas; The slag is discharged through the first outlet, the alkaline solution after the reaction is discharged through the second outlet, and the biogas after the reaction is discharged through the third outlet.

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