Method for increasing content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant essential oil production, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil. Research shows that the basil plants are treated by cadmium, the basil can be induced to synthesize the methyl cinnamate, the effect of inducing the basil to synthesize the methyl cinnamate is good, the content of the methyl cinnamate in the basil essential oil can be at least increased by 316.89 times, the content of active substances in the essential oil can be effectively increased, and the quality of the basil essential oil is improved. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate, which is extracted by inducing basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate, does not contain artificially added chemical substances and Cd, is high in safety and has very high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant essential oil production, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil. Background Art

[0002] Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, are volatile products extracted from the aboveground tissues of aromatic plants. Essential oils have a strong aroma and natural ingredients, and are widely used in the fields of food, daily chemicals and medicine. Basil essential oil is an essential oil extracted from plants of the genus Basil in the Lamiaceae family, such as clove basil essential oil. According to literature reports, basil essential oil can be directly used as a seasoning for foods such as juice, salads, meat products and baked goods. It can also be used as a flavoring agent to make soaps, toothpastes, cosmetics and other products. It can also be used as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent to keep food fresh. In addition, basil essential oil has a good effect on treating nasal congestion, and also has the effects of sterilization and anti-inflammatory, wind-dispelling and analgesic, expectorant and cough-relieving, sedative and tranquilizing. It is the main raw material for making products such as mouthwash, cooling oil and wind-repelling ointment.

[0003] The biological activity of essential oils is closely related to the composition and content of compounds. Highly active compounds can enhance the efficacy of essential oils. Methyl cinnamate has two isomers, cis and trans. The abbreviation "methyl cinnamate" mostly refers to trans methyl cinnamate. Methyl cinnamate is often used as a fixative to improve the stability and persistence of the aroma of the product. In addition, methyl cinnamate also has strong antioxidant activity and has a good scavenging ability for active oxygen free radicals. Methyl cinnamate is one of the compounds that make up basil essential oil, but its relative content is extremely low, which affects the biological activity and application value of basil essential oil. Therefore, increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil is bound to enhance the biological activity and antioxidant activity of basil essential oil.

[0004] As one of the compounds of basil essential oil components, the way to improve the methyl cinnamate content in basil essential oil at present is usually to synthesize methyl cinnamate by chemical synthesis. However, basil essential oil is mainly used in the fields of medicine, daily chemicals and food, and has very high requirements for safety. During chemical synthesis, some chemicals and organic solvents are mixed, which are difficult to remove, and purity and safety are difficult to meet the requirements of direct use by human body. Meanwhile, if chemically synthesized methyl cinnamate is added to essential oil, although the relative content of methyl cinnamate in essential oil can be improved, the balance of each component and the original flavor of essential oil will be changed, and it is difficult to obtain an ideal ratio concentration.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a green, environmentally friendly and safe method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to develop a green, environmentally friendly and highly safe method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil.

[0007] The invention aims to provide a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil by cadmium treatment.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil, that is, a method for preparing basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate.

[0010] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0011] The long-term experimental research of the present invention finds that the basil plants can be treated with cadmium to induce the basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate, and the effect of inducing the basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate is very good, the content of methyl cinnamate in the basil essential oil can be increased by several hundred times, the content of active substances in the basil essential oil can be effectively increased, and the quality of the basil essential oil can be improved.

[0012] Moreover, Cd is not volatile in aqueous solution. The essential oil is extracted by steam method, and the extracted essential oil does not contain metal elements such as Cd, which does not affect the safety of the essential oil at all. Inducing basil to synthesize more methyl cinnamate by Cd stress, thereby increasing the methyl cinnamate content in the essential oil, is a new and safe approach.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil, which comprises treating basil plants with cadmium.

[0014] The invention also provides a method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil, which comprises the steps of subjecting basil plants used for extracting essential oil to cadmium treatment and then extracting the basil essential oil.

[0015] The invention also provides a method for preparing basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate, which uses basil plants treated with cadmium as raw materials to extract the basil essential oil.

[0016] In the above method, cadmium treatment can induce basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate, increase the content of methyl cinnamate therein, and then increase the content of methyl cinnamate in the extracted basil essential oil.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the cadmium treatment is carried out by applying a cadmium solution to the basil plants.

[0018] As a preferred specific embodiment, the cadmium treatment is carried out by culturing the basil plants in a cadmium solution.

[0019] Specifically, the cadmium solution refers to a solution containing Cd 2+ of solution.

[0020] Preferably, the Cd-containing 2+The solution is a CdCl2 solution with a concentration of 1.6 to 6.5 mg / L.

[0021] As a preferred specific embodiment, the cadmium treatment method is: culturing the basil plants in a hydroponic solution containing CdCl2, wherein the concentration of CdCl2 in the hydroponic solution is 1.6-6.5 mg / L, which can achieve the effect of inducing basil to synthesize more methyl cinnamate.

[0022] Preferably, the culture time is 5 to 14 days.

[0023] As a specific optional implementation scheme, the hydroponic solution may be a standard Hoagland nutrient solution.

[0024] As a specific optional implementation scheme, the hydroponic solution containing 1.6 to 6.5 mg / L CdCl2 is prepared by the following method: CdCl2 reagent is dissolved in standard Hoagland nutrient solution to make the final concentration of CdCl2 reach 1.6 to 6.5 mg / L.

[0025] The basil essential oil obtained according to the above method is rich in methyl cinnamate, and the essential oil should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] As a specific preferred implementation scheme, the above method and application scheme of the present invention are suitable for the production of basil essential oil including basil.

[0027] The cinnamate-rich clove basil essential oil obtained by the production has a cinnamate-rich methyl ester content of up to about 60%, specifically about 55% to 60%.

[0028] Based on the above research results of the present invention, the present invention can also provide a method for efficiently utilizing cadmium-contaminated soil, which is to plant basil on the cadmium-contaminated soil, and the planted basil is used to extract essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate.

[0029] The present invention also provides a basil plant obtained by treating with cadmium or planting on cadmium-contaminated soil according to the above method, and application of the basil plant in producing basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The present invention provides a method for inducing basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate by treating with Cd, wherein the induction effect on methyl cinnamate is particularly obvious, and the content of methyl cinnamate in the extracted basil essential oil can be significantly increased. Compared with the control group without adding CdCl2 solution, the present invention can at least increase the content of methyl cinnamate in clove basil essential oil by 316.89 times, thereby improving the quality and biological activity of the essential oil.

[0032] (2) The method of the present invention has the advantages of being simple and easy to implement. The present invention only requires adding a certain concentration of CdCl2 solution to the cultivation medium, which is very convenient to implement and easy to operate.

[0033] (3) The present invention induces basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate by itself, and the extracted basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate does not contain artificially added chemicals and Cd, and has high safety. The proportion of each component in the essential oil is adjusted by basil itself, which has the advantages of high coordination of each component and natural ratio.

[0034] (4) The present invention can also provide a new idea for the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated soil. Inspired by the present invention, basil can be planted on Cd-contaminated soil, and essential oil with higher biological activity can be extracted from basil, so that the Cd-contaminated soil that was originally idle can be efficiently utilized and the waste of land resources can be avoided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the present technical field.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0038] The following examples take clove basil as an example to demonstrate the effect of the technology of the present invention.

[0039] The hydroponic solution is standard Hoagland nutrient solution.

[0040] The hydroponic solution containing 1.6-6.5 mg / L CdCl2 is prepared by the following method: CdCl2 reagent is dissolved in standard Hoagland nutrient solution to make the final concentration of CdCl2 reach 1.6-6.5 mg / L.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The basil plants were first grown in peat soil, and when the seedlings grew to 10-15 cm, they were moved into a hydroponic solution for acclimatization for 1 week. The basil plants were then cultured in a hydroponic solution containing 1.6 mg / L CdCl2 for 14 days to induce the basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate.

[0043] The control group of basil plants were cultured in hydroponic solution for 14 days.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The basil plants were first grown in peat soil, and when the seedlings grew to 10-15 cm, they were moved into a hydroponic solution for acclimatization for 1 week. The basil plants were then cultured in a hydroponic solution containing 3 mg / L CdCl2 for 7 days to induce the basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate.

[0046] The basil plants in the control group were cultured in hydroponic solution for 7 days.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The basil plants were first grown in peat soil, and when the seedlings grew to 10-15 cm, they were moved into a hydroponic solution for acclimatization for 1 week. The basil plants were then cultured in a hydroponic solution containing 6.5 mg / L CdCl2 for 5 days to induce the basil to synthesize methyl cinnamate.

[0049] The basil plants in the control group were cultured in hydroponic solution for 5 days.

[0050] Test Case

[0051] The basil plants obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and each control group were used as raw materials, the stems and leaves of the basil were collected, and the basil essential oil was extracted by steam distillation.

[0052] GS-MS method was used to detect the content of methyl cinnamate in each group of basil essential oil.

[0053] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 Content of methyl cinnamate in each group of clove basil essential oil

[0055] content(%) Control group Example 1 Control group Example 2 Control group Example 3 Trans-Methyl Cinnamate 0 56.66 0 60.34 0.18 57.04 Cis-Cinnamic Acid Methyl Ester 0 5.03 0 5.43 0 4.92

[0056] In Example 1 and Example 2, the content of trans-methyl cinnamate in the essential oil of basil was 56.66% and 60.34% respectively, while no trans-methyl cinnamate was detected in the control group. In Example 3, compared with the control group, the content of trans-methyl cinnamate in the essential oil of basil was also 316.89 times higher than that in the control group.

[0057] In addition, cis-cinnamic acid methyl ester was detected in the three examples, while cis-cinnamic acid methyl ester was not detected in the control group. This may be the result of mutual conversion between cinnamic acid methyl esters of different structures.

[0058] In conclusion, treating basil with Cd stress before extracting essential oil can significantly increase the content of methyl cinnamate in the essential oil, and the implementation effect is very obvious.

[0059] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil, characterized in that: Basil plants were treated with cadmium.

2. A method for increasing the content of methyl cinnamate in basil essential oil, characterized in that: Basil essential oil is extracted after cadmium treatment of basil plants used for essential oil extraction.

3. A method for preparing basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate, characterized in that: Basil essential oil is extracted from basil plants treated with cadmium.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cadmium treatment method is: applying a cadmium solution to the basil plants.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cadmium treatment method is: culturing the basil plants in a cadmium solution.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The cadmium solution refers to a solution containing Cd 2+ of solution.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The Cd-containing 2+ The solution is a CdCl2 solution with a concentration of 1.6 to 6.5 mg / L.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The cadmium treatment method is: culturing the basil plants in a hydroponic solution containing CdCl2, and the concentration of CdCl2 in the hydroponic solution is 1.6-6.5 mg / L.

9. The method according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that: The culture time is 5 to 14 days.

10. Basil essential oil rich in methyl cinnamate obtained according to any one of claims 2 to 9.