An experimental system and adjustment method for automatically adjusting CeO2 nano-fuel content

Abstract

The present invention discloses an experimental system and method for automatically adjusting the content of CeO2 nanofuel, relating to the field of nanofuel control technology. This experimental system and method analyze the composition of flue gas using an analytical instrument and adjust the pump speed based on the analysis results, thereby controlling the delivery rate of CeO2 nanometal powder. This experimental system and method can further improve control of CeO2 nanofuel addition by taking into account different burner power ranges and comprehensively comparing the CO and HC contents in flue gas, thereby further enhancing combustion efficiency and stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nano fuel control, in particular to an experimental system and a method for automatically adjusting the content of CeO2 nano fuel. Background Art

[0002] CeO2 nanoparticles have a finer particle size, a higher surface area ratio, and enhanced chemical reactivity. Adding an appropriate amount of high-performance CeO2 nanoadditives to fuel can significantly improve the efficient combustion process in the combustion chamber, thereby enhancing the economic benefits of diesel engines and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. The appropriate amount of nanofuel additives can improve fuel combustion properties, resulting in more uniform fuel atomization and higher combustion efficiency.

[0003] Within a certain range, increasing the CeO2 nanometal content leads to more complete fuel combustion, reducing emissions of CO, hydrocarbons, and NOx. The reductions in CO and HC emissions are particularly significant for CeO2 nanometal at varying concentrations. The redox cycle between Ce3+ and Ce4+ atoms in the CeO2 nanomaterial's crystal structure rapidly adsorbs and activates oxygen. This rapid oxygen activation process is crucial for the CO oxidation reaction. In this reaction, oxygen vacancies on the CeO2 nanomaterial's surface effectively adsorb oxygen molecules, dissociating them into reactive oxygen species. Once adsorbed on the CeO2 surface, CO molecules readily react with these reactive oxygen species to produce carbon dioxide, effectively reducing toxic gas emissions. CeO2 nanoparticles possess excellent catalytic activity, promoting the oxidation of hydrocarbons during combustion and enabling more complete combustion and conversion of HC.

[0004] However, excessive CeO2 nanomaterial content can lead to excessive combustion. This can cause engine instability, produce abnormal vibration and noise, and easily cause knock, damaging the engine's mechanical components and shortening their service life. Excessive additive content can disrupt the normal combustion process of the fuel.

[0005] For example, it may cause the combustion speed to be too fast or uneven, resulting in abnormal combustion conditions such as local overheating. In this case, more incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide and carbon black may be generated, resulting in increased smoke volume.

[0006] In addition, excessive nano-metal particles and metal oxides produced after combustion will also affect emissions. Therefore, how to control the concentration of CeO2 nanomaterials is an important factor affecting diesel engine efficiency and emissions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] (1) Technical problems solved

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an experimental system and adjustment method for automatically adjusting the content of CeO2 nano-fuel, which solves the following technical problems:

[0009] 1. The existing technology lacks an experimental system for controlling the addition of CeO2 nanomaterials into fuel;

[0010] 2. However, using the content of CO or HC in the flue gas to adjust the amount of CeO2 nanomaterial added is still not accurate enough.

[0011] (2) Technical solution

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an experimental system for automatically adjusting the content of CeO2 nano-fuel, comprising

[0013] Nanofuel storage tank: used to store CeO2 nanometal powder required for experiments

[0014] Pump: connected to the bottom of the nanofuel storage tank, used to accurately control the delivery amount of CeO2 nanopowder;

[0015] Fuel storage tank: used to store the fuel required for the experiment;

[0016] Mixing device: connected to the fuel storage tank and pump through pipelines, so that the nanomaterials and fuel are mixed here;

[0017] Burner: Connected to the bottom of the mixing device with a pipe, it atomizes the delivered nano fuel and mixes it with air before burning to produce flue gas containing CO and HC components;

[0018] Air supply system: includes air compressor, air filter and flow control valve. The air filter is used to remove impurities in the air, and the flow control valve can accurately control the amount of air entering the burner to ensure sufficient and stable combustion;

[0019] Exhaust gas sampling device: A sampling probe is installed on the flue gas pipe at the burner outlet. The probe collects flue gas samples and has certain high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. The sampling tube transports the flue gas samples to subsequent analytical instruments;

[0020] The controller analyzes the components of the flue gas according to the analysis instrument, and then adjusts the speed of the pump according to the analysis result, thereby realizing the control of the delivery amount of CeO2 nano metal powder.

[0021] Preferably, an air supply system is included, wherein the air supply system includes an air compressor, an air filter and a flow regulating valve;

[0022] The air filter is used to remove impurities in the air, and the flow regulating valve can accurately control the amount of air entering the burner to ensure sufficient and stable combustion.

[0023] Preferably, the analytical instrument includes a flue gas sensor and an amplifying and filtering device, and the CO in the flue gas pre-processed by the flue gas sensor is detected.

[0024] Preferably, the amplifying and filtering device performs amplifying and filtering processing on the electrical signal emitted by the smoke sensor.

[0025] Preferably, it includes a motor driver that receives a control signal from a controller and drives the pump motor to operate.

[0026] Preferably, a motor driver is included, wherein the motor driver receives a control signal from the controller and drives the motor of the pump to operate.

[0027] Preferably, a speed sensor is included: the speed sensor is installed on the motor shaft of the pump, monitors the speed of the pump in real time, and feeds back the speed signal to the controller to form a speed closed-loop control, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the pump speed control.

[0028] A method for automatically adjusting the CeO2 nano-fuel content in an experimental system includes the following steps:

[0029] S1: Continuously increase the pump power to increase the concentration of CeO2 nanometal, and then fully mix the CeO2 nanometal with the fuel flowing out of the fuel storage tank in the blending device;

[0030] S2: The mixed nano fuel is fully burned in the combustion chamber, and the smoke density sensor installed at the tail of the sampling device is used to measure the exhaust gas content in real time and convert the data into an electrical signal;

[0031] S3: The electrical signal is amplified and filtered by the amplifying and filtering device and then sent to the controller to find the pump power that minimizes the flue gas content;

[0032] S4: Utilize the feedback regulation of the controller to generate an electrical signal to adjust the speed of the pump motor so that the flue gas content is always kept at the lowest concentration.

[0033] Preferably, the adjustment step in S4 is as follows:

[0034] S41: The increasing CeO2 nanometal content will cause the CO and HC flue gas content to first decrease and then increase. The collected CO flue gas content-nanometal content array is collected and sent to the controller. The corresponding relationship between CO flue gas content and nanomaterial content is displayed as a coordinate graph on the user interface;

[0035] S42: comparing the current CO flue gas concentration with the previous set of CO flue gas concentrations, setting the lower one as the minimum CO flue gas concentration, and comparing the minimum CO flue gas concentration with the next set of CO flue gas concentrations measured, replacing the lower one as the new minimum CO flue gas concentration, and so on until the minimum CO flue gas concentration remains unchanged; and calculating the CO decrease rate at the same time;

[0036] S43: comparing the current HC smoke concentration with the previous set of HC smoke concentrations, setting the lower one as the minimum HC smoke concentration, and comparing the minimum HC smoke concentration with the next set of HC smoke concentrations measured, replacing the lower one as the new minimum HC smoke concentration, and so on until the minimum HC smoke concentration remains unchanged; and simultaneously calculating the HC decrease rate;

[0037] The two emissions were combined to determine the concentration of nanomaterials;

[0038] The pump adjustment speed is determined by the change rate of HC and CO: when the flue gas concentration decreases slowly, increase the pump adjustment speed to improve accuracy and find the lowest flue gas concentration more accurately;

[0039] Specifically, when the flue gas concentration changes slowly, the proportional coefficient P is appropriately reduced to avoid system instability caused by over-adjustment. At the same time, the integral time I is increased so that the system can eliminate steady-state errors more finely to improve the pump adjustment accuracy.

[0040] Preferably, when the burner power is between 30% and 50% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO reduction rate and the HC reduction rate on the pump adjustment speed is 8:2;

[0041] When the burner power is between 50% and 80% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO reduction rate and the HC reduction rate on the pump adjustment speed is 7:3;

[0042] When the burner power is between 80% and 100% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO decrease rate and the HC decrease rate on the pump adjustment speed is 6:4.

[0043] (3) Beneficial effects

[0044] The present invention provides an experimental system and method for automatically adjusting the CeO2 nano-fuel content. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The experimental system and adjustment method for automatically adjusting the CeO2 nano-fuel content can further improve the control of CeO2 nano-fuel content addition by considering the different burner power ranges and combining the comprehensive comparison of CO and HC contents in the flue gas, which can further improve the combustion efficiency and combustion stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental system of the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1. Nano fuel storage tank; 2. Pump, 3. Fuel storage tank; 4. Mixing device; 5. Combustion chamber; 6. Air supply system; 7. Exhaust device, 8. Exhaust gas sampling; 9. Flue gas sensor; 10. Amplification and filtering device; 11 - Human-computer interaction interface; 12. Controller; 13. Motor driver; 14. Speed ​​sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The present invention proposes an experimental system for automatically adjusting the content of nano fuel. Figure 1 As shown, nano-metallic materials are placed in a nano-fuel storage tank 1. The bottom of the tank is connected to a pump 2, and a blending device 4 is connected below the pump. Fuel is stored in a fuel storage tank 3 and connected to the blending device 4 via a pipeline. The blending device 4 is connected to a combustion chamber 5 via a pipeline, and the other side of the combustion chamber 5 is connected to an air supply system 6 via a pipeline. An exhaust device 7 is connected below the combustion chamber 5. An exhaust gas sampling device 8 is placed at the end of the exhaust device 7 and is connected to a flue gas sensor 9. The sensor is connected to an amplifier and filter device 10 via an electrical circuit. A human-machine interface 11 is connected to the amplifier and filter device via a wiring connection and is then connected to a controller 12. A speed sensor 14 is mounted on the pump 1 and is connected to the controller 12 via a wiring connection. The controller 12 is connected to a motor driver 13 via an electrical circuit. The motor driver 13 is connected to the motor of the pump 1.

[0050] Based on the above-mentioned measuring device, the steps of the experimental method proposed by the present invention are as follows:

[0051] The device is started. On the human-machine interface 11, controller 12 is activated, controlling motor driver 13 to gradually increase the speed of pump 2 from zero. Pump 2 delivers CeO2 nanometal material to blending device 4. As the pump speed increases, the CeO2 nanomaterial content gradually increases. Simultaneously, fuel from fuel storage tank 3 is fed into blending device 4 at a steady flow rate for uniform mixing with the nanometal. The thoroughly mixed nanofuel is delivered via pipelines to combustion chamber 5. The nanofuel and air supplied by air supply system 6 are fully combusted, releasing exhaust gas through exhaust device 7. A portion is discharged to the outside, while a small portion is sampled by exhaust sampling device 8. After cooling, dehumidification, and filtration, the gas sensor 9 receives the signal, which is then amplified and filtered by amplification and filtering device 10. The signal data is then displayed on the human-machine interface 11. The increasing nanometal content causes the flue gas content to initially decrease and then increase. The corresponding relationship between flue gas content and CeO2 nanomaterial content is displayed as a graph on the user interface. The optimal nanomaterial content corresponding to the lowest flue gas concentration is set in controller 12. Based on the control system's algorithm, feedback regulation sends an electrical signal to motor driver 13, driving pump 2 to maintain its speed at the output state that optimizes the nanomaterial content. A speed sensor 14 measures pump 2's speed and feeds it back to controller 12 via circuitry, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0052] The controller 12 is a PID controller.

[0053]

[0054] Using CO content control alone can effectively improve combustion efficiency and reduce vibration. Considering the changing weights of CO content and HC content under different burner powers can further improve combustion efficiency and reduce vibration.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0056] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for automatically adjusting the CeO2 nano-fuel content experimental system, characterized by: The experimental system includes a nanofuel storage tank (1) for storing CeO2 nanometal powder required for the experiment; a pump (2) connected to the bottom of the nanofuel storage tank for accurately controlling the delivery amount of CeO2 nanopowder; Fuel storage tank (3): used to store the fuel required for the experiment; Mixing device (4): connected to the fuel storage tank (3) and the pump (2) through pipelines, so that the nanomaterial and the fuel are mixed here; Burner (5): connected to the bottom of the mixing device (4) through a pipe, atomizes the delivered nano fuel and fully mixes it with air before burning it to produce flue gas containing CO and HC components; Air supply system (6): including air compressor, air filter and flow control valve; Exhaust gas sampling device (8): a sampling probe is installed on the flue gas pipe at the outlet of the burner (5), the probe collects the flue gas sample, and the sampling tube transports the flue gas sample to the subsequent analysis instrument; The controller (12) analyzes the composition of the flue gas according to the analysis instrument, and adjusts the rotation speed of the pump (2) according to the analysis result, thereby controlling the delivery amount of CeO2 nano-metal powder; the analysis instrument includes a flue gas sensor (9) and an amplifying filter device (10); The steps of the adjustment method include the following: S1: continuously increasing the power of the pump (2) to increase the concentration of the CeO2 nanometal, and then fully mixing the CeO2 nanometal with the fuel flowing out of the fuel storage tank (3) in the mixing device (4); S2: The mixed nano fuel is fully burned in the combustion chamber (5), and the smoke density sensor (9) installed at the tail of the exhaust sampling device (8) is used to measure the exhaust gas content in real time and convert the data into an electrical signal; S3: The electrical signal is amplified and filtered by the amplifying and filtering device (10) and then sent to the controller (12) to find the pump power that minimizes the smoke content; S4: using feedback regulation of the controller (12) to generate an electrical signal to adjust the speed of the motor of the pump (2) so that the smoke content is always maintained at the lowest concentration; The adjustment steps in S4 are as follows: S41: The increasing CeO2 nanometal content will cause the CO and HC flue gas content to first decrease and then increase. The collected CO flue gas content-nanometal content array is collected and sent to the controller. The corresponding relationship between CO flue gas content and nanomaterial content is displayed as a coordinate graph on the user interface; S42: comparing the current CO flue gas concentration with the previous set of CO flue gas concentrations, setting the lower one as the minimum CO flue gas concentration, and comparing the minimum CO flue gas concentration with the next set of CO flue gas concentrations measured, replacing the lower one as the new minimum CO flue gas concentration, and so on until the minimum CO flue gas concentration remains unchanged; and calculating the CO decrease rate at the same time; S43: comparing the current HC smoke concentration with the previous set of HC smoke concentrations, setting the lower one as the minimum HC smoke concentration, and comparing the minimum HC smoke concentration with the next set of HC smoke concentrations measured, replacing the lower one as the new minimum HC smoke concentration, and so on until the minimum HC smoke concentration remains unchanged; and simultaneously calculating the HC decrease rate; The two emissions were combined to determine the concentration of nanomaterials; When the burner power is between 30% and 50% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO reduction rate and the HC reduction rate on the pump adjustment speed is 8:2; When the burner power is between 50% and 80% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO reduction rate and the HC reduction rate on the pump adjustment speed is 7:3; When the burner power is between 80% and 100% of the maximum design power of the burner, the weight ratio of the influence of the CO decrease rate and the HC decrease rate on the pump adjustment speed is 6:

4.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The experimental system includes an air supply system (6), wherein the air supply system (6) includes an air compressor, an air filter and a flow regulating valve.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The experimental system includes a motor driver (13), which receives a control signal from a controller (12) and drives the motor of the pump (2) to operate.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The experimental system includes a speed sensor (14): the speed sensor (14) is installed on the motor shaft of the pump (2), monitors the speed of the pump (2) in real time, and feeds back the speed signal to the controller (12), forming a speed closed-loop control, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the speed control of the pump (2).

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