Full-region accurate acquisition system and method for soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

The invention discloses a soot particle and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon full-area accurate collection system, which comprises a probe, a dilution diffusion spray pipe, a TEM network carrying mechanism and an adsorption device, the probe is connected with a rotary lifting mechanism, the rotary lifting mechanism is connected with a collection pipe, the inlet of the collection pipe is communicated with the probe, the outlet of the collection pipe is communicated with the inlet of the dilution diffusion spray pipe, and the adsorption device is connected with the TEM network carrying mechanism. An outlet of the dilution and diffusion spray pipe is communicated with the TEM carrying net mechanism, the TEM carrying net mechanism is communicated with the adsorption device, and meanwhile the adsorption device is communicated with the vacuum pump. The invention further discloses a system for accurately collecting the soot particles and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the whole region. The gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption device is additionally arranged at the tail end of the soot collection system and forms a series collection system with the soot particle collection device, and soot particles and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be collected at a certain accurate position of flame at the same time; and the formation process from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon small molecules to the soot particles under the high-pressure condition can be disclosed more comprehensively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of simultaneous collection of macroscopic soot particles and microscopic soot precursors generated by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and in particular to a system and method for the full-area precise collection of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Background Art

[0002] On the road of energy utilization, internal combustion engine technology is changing with each passing day, playing a key role in national strategic layout and social and economic development. Hydrocarbon fuels have always been the source of power for internal combustion engines and have witnessed the development of human science and technology civilization. However, in the combustion process of internal combustion engines, some harmful substances will inevitably be produced, including harmful gases and fine particles such as CO, HC, and NOx. HC contains more than 200 hydrocarbons, among which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly carcinogenic. Surveys and studies published by the World Health Organization show that the content of fine particles in the air is closely related to the proportion of residents suffering from respiratory diseases and heart diseases.

[0003] At present, in order to further protect the fragile ecosystem, many countries have formulated standards for internal combustion engine emissions and developed various internal combustion engine cylinder combustion technologies and exhaust gas collection and treatment technologies, which effectively suppressed the large-scale emission of carbon soot during the research and development, production and use stages, and ultimately reduced its negative impact on the natural environment and human health. However, the existing emission reduction technologies have problems such as complex processes, different standards, high processing costs, and high carbon emissions during the processing process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable, low-energy, low-emission, and low-cost system and method by more accurately exploring the carbon soot formation mechanism under high pressure.

[0004] Invasive soot collection is a method of collecting soot particles directly from the flame during the combustion process. It has unique advantages over non-invasive methods, especially in accurately capturing the highest point of soot particle concentration in the flame, which helps to clarify the growth process of the particles and improve the accuracy and scientificity of the collected samples. It can also use image processing software to pre-process the laminar flame image and calibrate the sampling position before the experiment. It is also low-cost, efficient and fast, which ensures the accuracy of the experiment and reduces the number of sampling times, so that the collected soot particles can correctly reflect the complete evolution process of the particles in the flame.

[0005] However, at present, it is a major problem to simultaneously collect soot particles and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at a precise position of the flame in a high-pressure, closed, constant-volume combustion chamber. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to the current technical problems, the present invention provides a system and method for the precise collection of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire area, which can simultaneously collect soot particles and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at any precise position of the flame in a high-pressure, closed, constant-volume combustion chamber.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A full-area precise collection system for soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons comprises a probe, a dilution diffusion nozzle, a TEM grid mechanism and an adsorption device, wherein the probe is connected to the rotating lifting mechanism and the rotating lifting mechanism controls its vertical rotation and lifting activities, the rotating lifting mechanism is connected to a collection tube, the inlet of the collection tube is connected to the probe, the outlet of the collection tube is connected to the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle is connected to the TEM grid mechanism, the TEM grid mechanism is connected to the adsorption device, and the adsorption device is connected to a vacuum pump.

[0008] Preferably, the rotary lifting mechanism includes a screw assembly, which is driven by a motor. The slider of the screw assembly is slidably connected in the hollow flange along the vertical direction, so that a piston mechanism is formed between the slider and the hollow flange. The hollow flange is fixed above the top cover of the high-pressure combustion chamber, and the probe is at least partially located in the high-pressure combustion chamber. The probe and the collection tube are both connected to the slider.

[0009] With this arrangement, the motor drives the screw assembly to move up and down, and the reserved wedge key controls the rotational movement, thereby driving the probe to move up and down and rotate, thereby collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different flame areas.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a circulating cooling mechanism, which includes a cooling water pipe wrapped around the outside of the probe, and the slider is provided with a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, the water inlet of the cooling water pipe is connected to the water inlet channel, and the water outlet of the cooling water pipe is connected to the water outlet channel.

[0011] Such a setting can reduce the temperature of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the entire collection process, so that the soot collected at a certain location will not undergo unnecessary physical and chemical reactions as much as possible, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent data and being more convincing in revealing the process of small molecules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons turning into soot particles when hydrocarbon fuels are burned.

[0012] Preferably, the dilution diffusion nozzle comprises a mixing section and a diffusion section, the diameter of the mixing section is smaller than the diameter of the diffusion section, the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle is located in the mixing section, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle is located in the diffusion section, and at least one inert gas inlet pipe is provided on the mixing section, and the inert gas inlet pipe and the mixing section are arranged at an angle to each other.

[0013] Preferably, a gas disturbance structure is provided in the diffusion section.

[0014] With this arrangement, soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons enter the collection system through the probe that directly invades the flame, and enter the dilution diffusion nozzle through the collection tube. They are diluted and disturbed by the inert gas in the dilution diffusion nozzle. After the sample is diluted by the inert gas, the gas flow rate is reduced through the dilution diffusion nozzle, and the soot particles are further evenly distributed on the TEM grid support film to facilitate transmission electron microscopy observation and data reliability.

[0015] Preferably, the TEM grid loading mechanism comprises a grid loading pipe, a bracket is provided at one end of the grid loading pipe close to the dilution diffusion nozzle, a TEM grid is arranged on the bracket, and the diameter of the TEM grid is smaller than the inner diameter of the grid loading pipe.

[0016] This arrangement allows a certain gap to be created between the TEM grid and the wall of the grid pipe to prevent instantaneous excessive gas impact force from damaging the TEM support film. This design can prevent the accumulation of excessive soot particles before the series-connected gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption device completes collection, affecting the accuracy of the sample and the stability of the system.

[0017] Preferably, the adsorption device comprises an adsorption pipe, in which polyurethane foam is arranged, one end of the adsorption pipe is connected to the TEM grid loading mechanism through a pipe joint, and the other end of the adsorption pipe is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipe joint.

[0018] Preferably, a bearing is provided at the bottom of the screw of the screw assembly, and a scale for quantifying the rotation angle of the probe is provided at the outer periphery of the bearing.

[0019] With this arrangement, the rotation angle of the probe can be accurately controlled, and the screw mechanism can be used to drive the probe to move up and down, so that the probe can collect carbon soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon samples in different flame areas.

[0020] Preferably, a limiting structure is provided at the top end of the hollow flange.

[0021] With such arrangement, the limiting structure at the top of the hollow flange can limit the slider from sliding upward, thereby preventing the slider from being ejected in a high-pressure environment and causing injury due to misoperation.

[0022] A method for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire region, using the system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire region, comprises the following steps: S1: After ignition, install the high-pressure combustion chamber cover, fasten it with bolts and tighten it to ensure airtightness; S2: Fix the rotating lifting mechanism on the top cover of the high-pressure combustion chamber, connect the probe to the slider, insert the slider into the hollow flange, connect the slider to the bearing at the bottom of the screw rod through the slider bracket, and then connect the hollow flange to the top cover of the high-pressure combustion chamber; S3: The circulating water hose is respectively connected to the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel and is incorporated into the cooling circulating water pump, the outlet of the collection pipe and the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle are connected with a hose, the inert gas inlet pipeline is connected with a hose to an inert gas cylinder with a flow control and a pressure relief valve, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle is connected with the inlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism, the outlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism and the inlet of the adsorption device are connected with a stainless steel pipe, and the outlet of the adsorption device and the vacuum pump are connected with a stainless steel pipe; S4: Reverse the motor to move the screw assembly upward to the highest point to prevent the probe from contacting the flame, turn on the cooling circulation water pump, close the valve of the inert gas cylinder, slowly adjust the stop valve to make the pressure gauge reach the preset value, and after the flame stabilizes, open the valve of the inert gas cylinder to make the pressure of the cylinder pressure relief valve lower than the pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, turn on the flow meter to control the inert gas flow, and turn on the vacuum pump at the same time.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention adds a gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption device at the end of the soot collection system, and forms a series collection system with the soot particle collection device, soot particles and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be collected simultaneously at a precise position of the flame. When the soot particles and gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in any area of ​​the flame are collected simultaneously, the formation process of small molecules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to soot particles can be more comprehensively revealed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structural principle of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the rotary lifting mechanism and the probe are connected to the top cover of the high-pressure combustion chamber; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the screw assembly is connected with the cooling mechanism and the probe; Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the dilution diffusion nozzle; Figure 6 for Figure 5 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 7 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of the TEM grid mechanism; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adsorption device; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Longitudinal cross-sectional view of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal connection between two components. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] As attached Figure 1 -Attached Fig. 9 The system for collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the whole area is shown, comprising a probe 1, a circulating cooling mechanism, a dilution and diffusion nozzle 6, a TEM grid mechanism 7 and an adsorption device 8. The probe 1 and the collection tube 3 are respectively connected to a rotating lifting mechanism 2. The probe is made of 316L stainless steel to prevent corrosion, and the rotating lifting mechanism 2 controls its vertical rotation and lifting activities. In this embodiment, the rotating lifting mechanism 2 comprises a screw assembly, which is driven by a motor 20. The slider 21 of the screw assembly is slidably connected in the hollow flange 5 in the vertical direction, so that a piston mechanism is formed between the slider 21 and the hollow flange 5. The screw of the screw assembly is connected to the slider bracket by a key to improve the synchronization of rotation. The hollow flange 5 is fixed above the top cover 6 of the high-pressure combustion chamber, and a limiting structure 51 is provided at the top of the hollow flange 5. A pressure gauge and a stop valve are connected to the top cover 6 of the high-pressure combustion chamber. The probe 1 is at least partially located in the high-pressure combustion chamber, and the probe 1 and the collection tube 3 are both connected to the slider 21.

[0029] A bearing 25 is provided at the bottom of the screw of the screw assembly, and a scale for quantifying the rotation angle of the probe 1 is provided on the outer periphery of the bearing 25 .

[0030] The inlet of the collection tube 3 is connected to the probe 1, the outlet of the collection tube 3 is connected to the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6 is connected to the TEM grid loading mechanism 7, the TEM grid loading mechanism 7 is connected to the adsorption device 8, and the adsorption device 8 is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0031] In this embodiment, the circulating cooling mechanism includes a cooling water pipe 4 wound around the outside of the probe 1, and a water inlet channel 41 and a water outlet channel 42 are provided on the slider 21. Water pipe joints are provided at the water inlet channel 41 and the water outlet channel 42. The water inlet of the cooling water pipe 4 is connected to the water inlet channel 41, and the water outlet of the cooling water pipe 4 is connected to the water outlet channel 42.

[0032] The dilution diffusion nozzle 6 includes a mixing section 62 and a diffusion section 61, which are transitionally connected by a conical tube section 64. The diameter of the mixing section 62 is smaller than that of the diffusion section 61. The inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6 is located in the mixing section 62, and the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6 is located in the diffusion section 61. Two inert gas inlet pipes 63 are provided on the mixing section 62, and the inert gas inlet pipes 63 are arranged at an angle to each other with the mixing section 62. A gas disturbance structure 65 is provided in the diffusion section 61, and the gas disturbance structure 65 is a conical structure, and its diameter gradually increases along the gas flow direction.

[0033] The TEM grid mechanism 7 includes a grid pipe, in which a bracket 71 is provided at one end near the dilution diffusion nozzle 6, and a TEM grid 72 is provided on the bracket 71, and the diameter of the TEM grid 72 is smaller than the inner diameter of the grid pipe. The TEM support membrane grid adopts a hollow design to prevent the support membrane from being damaged by excessive air flow velocity when the gas cylinder is opened or the vacuum pump is started. When the gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sampling tank at the end of the series collection fails to collect enough samples, the front TEM support membrane is prevented from accumulating too many carbon soot particulate matter samples, affecting the accuracy of the sample and the stability of the system. The diameter of one end of the grid pipe connected to the adsorption device 8 is smaller than the diameter of the other end.

[0034] The adsorption device 8 comprises an adsorption pipe 80 , in which polyurethane foam is arranged. One end of the adsorption pipe 80 is connected to the TEM grid loading mechanism 7 via a pipe joint 82 , and the other end of the adsorption pipe 80 is connected to the vacuum pump via the pipe joint 82 .

[0035] A method for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire region, using the system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire region, comprises the following steps: S1: After ignition, install the high pressure combustion chamber top cover 6, fix it with bolts and tighten it to ensure air tightness; S2: Fix the rotary lifting mechanism 2 on the high-pressure combustion chamber top cover 6, connect the probe 1 to the slider 21, insert the slider 21 into the hollow flange 5, connect the slider 6 to the bearing 25 at the bottom of the screw rod through the slider bracket, and then connect the hollow flange 5 to the high-pressure combustion chamber top cover 6; S3: The circulating water hose is respectively connected to the water inlet channel 41 and the water outlet channel 42 and incorporated into the cooling circulating water pump, the outlet of the collection pipe 3 and the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6 are connected with a hose, the inert gas inlet pipe 63 is connected with a hose to an inert gas cylinder with a flow control and a pressure relief valve, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle 6 and the inlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism 7 are connected, the outlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism 7 and the inlet of the adsorption device 8 are connected with a stainless steel pipe, and the outlet of the adsorption device 8 and the vacuum pump are connected with a stainless steel pipe; S4: Reverse the motor 20 to move the screw assembly upward to the highest point to prevent the probe 1 from contacting the flame, turn on the cooling circulation water pump, close the valve of the inert gas cylinder, slowly adjust the stop valve to make the pressure gauge reach the preset value, and after the flame stabilizes, open the valve of the inert gas cylinder to make the pressure of the cylinder pressure relief valve lower than the pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, turn on the flow meter to control the inert gas flow, and turn on the vacuum pump at the same time.

[0036] The present invention has a more centralized spatial position, efficiently utilizes the vertical space, and the movements of the various components do not interfere with each other. Although it is an intrusive collection system, the main electric components are all outside the high-pressure combustion chamber, effectively avoiding the corrosion of some fuels to metals, further improving the airtightness of the combustion chamber and the controllability, operation stability and operational safety of the experimental equipment; Adding a circulating cooling system to the outside of the probe will prevent the soot particles and gas-phase PAHs collected at a certain location from undergoing unnecessary physical and chemical reactions, thus improving the accuracy of subsequent data and making it more convincing in revealing the process of PAHs small molecules turning into soot particles during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. The collection end uses soot particles and gas-phase PAHs in series to simultaneously collect PAH small molecules and soot particles in a certain area of ​​the flame, which is of great help in analyzing the changes in each process of soot formation; The dilution diffusion nozzle dilutes the soot particles and gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and makes the detection objects more evenly distributed through the internal gas disturbance structure, thus reducing the system error to a certain extent; The TEM support film grid adopts a hollow design to prevent the support film from being damaged by excessive airflow velocity when the gas cylinder is opened or the vacuum pump is started. It also prevents the front TEM support film from accumulating too many soot particulate matter samples when the gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sampling tank at the end of the series collection fails to collect enough samples, thus affecting the accuracy of the samples and the stability of the system.

[0037] The above describes the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that a person skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire area, characterized by: The invention comprises a probe (1), a dilution diffusion nozzle (6), a TEM mesh loading mechanism (7) and an adsorption device (8), wherein the probe (1) is connected to the rotating lifting mechanism (2), and its rotating lifting mechanism (2) and a wedge key control its vertical rotation and lifting movement; the rotating lifting mechanism (2) is connected to a collection tube (3); the inlet of the collection tube (3) is connected to the probe (1); the outlet of the collection tube (3) is connected to the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6); the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6) is connected to the TEM mesh loading mechanism (7); the TEM mesh loading mechanism (7) is connected to the adsorption device (8); and the adsorption device (8) is connected to a vacuum pump.

2. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rotary lifting mechanism (2) comprises a screw assembly driven by a motor (20); a slider (21) of the screw assembly is slidably connected in a hollow flange (5) in a vertical direction, so that a piston mechanism is formed between the slider (21) and the hollow flange (5); the hollow flange (5) is fixed above a high-pressure combustion chamber top cover (6); the probe (1) is at least partially located in the high-pressure combustion chamber; and the probe (1) and the collection tube (3) are both connected to the slider (21).

3. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire area of ​​a high-pressure closed combustion chamber according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It also comprises a circulating cooling mechanism, which comprises a cooling water pipe (4) wound around the outside of the probe (1), a water inlet channel (41) and a water outlet channel (42) being provided on the slider (21), a water inlet of the cooling water pipe (4) being connected to the water inlet channel (41), and a water outlet of the cooling water pipe (4) being connected to the water outlet channel (42).

4. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all regions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dilution diffusion nozzle (6) comprises a mixing section (62) and a diffusion section (61); the diameter of the mixing section (62) is smaller than the diameter of the diffusion section (61); the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6) is located in the mixing section (62); the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6) is located in the diffusion section (61); at least one inert gas inlet pipe (63) is provided on the mixing section (62); the inert gas inlet pipe (63) and the mixing section (62) are arranged at an angle to each other.

5. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all regions according to claim 4 is characterized by: A gas disturbance structure (65) is provided in the diffusion section (61).

6. The full-area precise collection system of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons according to claim 1 is characterized by: The TEM grid loading mechanism (7) comprises a grid loading pipe, wherein a bracket (71) is provided at one end of the grid loading pipe close to the dilution diffusion nozzle (6), and a TEM grid (72) is provided on the bracket (71), wherein the diameter of the TEM grid (72) is smaller than the inner diameter of the grid loading pipe.

7. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption device (8) comprises an adsorption pipe (80), wherein polyurethane foam is arranged in the adsorption pipe (80), one end of the adsorption pipe (80) is connected to the TEM grid loading mechanism (7) via a pipe joint (82), and the other end of the adsorption pipe (80) is connected to the vacuum pump via a pipe joint (82).

8. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all regions according to claim 2 is characterized by: A bearing (25) is provided at the bottom of the screw of the screw assembly, and a scale for quantifying the rotation angle of the probe (1) is provided on the outer periphery of the bearing (25).

9. The system for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting structure (51) is provided at the top end of the hollow flange (5).

10. A method for accurately collecting soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the entire area, characterized in that: The full-area precise collection system of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons according to claim 3 is adopted, comprising the following steps: S1: After ignition, install the high-pressure combustion chamber top cover (6), fix it with bolts and tighten it to ensure airtightness; S2: fixing the rotating lifting mechanism (2) on the top cover (6) of the high-pressure combustion chamber, connecting the probe (1) to the slider (21), inserting the slider (21) into the hollow flange (5), connecting the slider (6) to the bearing (25) at the bottom of the screw rod through the slider bracket, and then connecting the hollow flange (5) to the top cover (6) of the high-pressure combustion chamber; S3: The circulating water hose is respectively connected to the water inlet channel (41) and the water outlet channel (42) and is incorporated into the cooling circulating water pump, the outlet of the collection pipe (3) and the inlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6) are connected by a hose, the inert gas inlet pipe (63) is connected to an inert gas cylinder with a flow control and a pressure relief valve by a hose, the outlet of the dilution diffusion nozzle (6) and the inlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism (7) are connected, the outlet of the TEM grid loading mechanism (7) and the inlet of the adsorption device (8) are connected by a stainless steel pipe, and the outlet of the adsorption device (8) and the vacuum pump are connected by a stainless steel pipe; S4: Reverse the motor (20) to move the screw assembly upward to the highest position to prevent the probe (1) from contacting the flame, turn on the cooling circulation water pump, close the valve of the inert gas cylinder, slowly adjust the stop valve to make the pressure gauge reach a preset value, and after the flame is stabilized, open the valve of the inert gas cylinder to make the pressure of the cylinder pressure relief valve slightly lower than the pressure of the high-pressure combustion chamber, turn on the flow meter to control the inert gas flow, and turn on the vacuum pump at the same time.

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