Quantum bit addressing device and quantum bit measurement method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a quantum bit addressing device, comprising: a laser generating component, adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam; a modulation component, adapted to modulate the initial pulsed laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array comprising a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles; an optical waveguide chip, adapted to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array; and an optical component, adapted to focus the addressing beam array onto the quantum bit array to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array; wherein each addressing light in the addressing beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the field of quantum bit addressing technology, and more specifically, to a quantum bit addressing device and a quantum bit measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Over the past few decades, quantum information science has experienced rapid development, and a wide variety of physical systems are now available for quantum information experiments. Among these, ion traps, tweezer arrays, and solid-state defects have demonstrated unique advantages in quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum measurement. Experiments in these systems require manipulation of quantum states. Quantum state manipulation encompasses both the control of quantum state evolution and its readout. Quantum state manipulation can be further categorized as global operations and addressing operations. According to the Divincenzo criterion for quantum computers, addressing operations are a key technology for building quantum computers. Achieving this technology allows experimenters to precisely manipulate the quantum states of atoms at specific locations, laying the foundation for quantum error correction and feedback control in quantum circuits.

[0003] In recent years, a variety of addressing schemes have been developed, including the use of acousto-optic devices for addressing. Although the relevant addressing technology can achieve fast addressing, it cannot achieve the addressing of any number of material bit states at any position. In addition, the relevant addressing technology has poor scalability, high complexity of the optical path system, and poor compatibility with existing systems in related fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a quantum bit addressing device that can realize the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of quantum bit states of any number and any position, and the quantum bit addressing device has low complexity.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit addressing device is provided, comprising:

[0006] a laser generating assembly adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam;

[0007] a modulation component adapted to modulate the initial pulsed laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array comprising a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles;

[0008] An optical waveguide chip adapted to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array; and

[0009] An optical component adapted to focus the addressing beam array onto the qubit array to address, manipulate, measure, or trap at least one target qubit in the qubit array;

[0010] Wherein, each addressing light in the above-mentioned addressing light beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the above-mentioned quantum bit array.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip includes:

[0012] Laser incident end face;

[0013] a laser emitting end face; and

[0014] A multi-path optical waveguide is provided through the optical waveguide chip. The multi-path optical waveguide has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear pattern at the laser incident end face. The multi-path optical waveguide has an output light guide port corresponding one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array at the laser output end face.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned optical waveguide chip is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on-off of the transmission path of at least one addressing light in the above-mentioned addressing light array to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping of the above-mentioned target quantum bit.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of qubits in the qubit array.

[0017] Among them, according to the positional relationship of the above-mentioned target quantum bits, the frequency of the above-mentioned radio frequency signal corresponding to the above-mentioned target quantum bits is obtained, so that the addressing light in the above-mentioned addressing light beam array corresponds to the above-mentioned target quantum bits.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0019] The spatial light modulator is adapted to modulate the addressing light beam array according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array has different shapes.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0021] The coupling component is adapted to couple the one-dimensional light beam array into the laser incident end face of the optical waveguide chip.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0023] A beam splitter is adapted to combine the plurality of the above one-dimensional beam arrays to output a first one-dimensional beam array,

[0024] The plurality of one-dimensional beam arrays are generated by respectively modulating a plurality of initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies by the plurality of modulation components 1 , and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes a plurality of different frequencies.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by changing the modulation parameters of the above-mentioned radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the above-mentioned addressing light corresponding one-to-one to the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits is changed, thereby performing differentiated control on the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits, so that the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit measurement method is provided, using the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device, and the method includes operations S101 to S103.

[0027] In operation S101, the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array is collected using an optical waveguide chip;

[0028] In operation S102, the fluorescence is detected by a detector to obtain fluorescence information;

[0029] In operation S103 , information on the quantum state of each qubit in the qubit array is obtained based on the fluorescence information.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radio frequency signal externally input to the above-mentioned modulation component is adjusted according to the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the above-mentioned quantum bit array to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the above-mentioned quantum bit array.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an initial pulsed laser beam is generated by utilizing a laser generating component, and the initial pulsed laser beam is modulated by utilizing a modulation component according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array including a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles. An optical waveguide chip is utilized to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5. An optical component is utilized to focus the addressing beam array onto the quantum bit array to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the quantum bit states of any number and any position, and the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 The following schematically shows the working principle of the quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a laser incident end face of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematically shows an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser emission end face of the optical waveguide chip;

[0037] Figure 5 A flowchart of a quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown; and

[0038] Figure 6 The figure schematically shows the working principle of the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bit array in the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0040] 1- Modulation component;

[0041] 2-coupling components;

[0042] 3- Optical waveguide chip;

[0043] 31-laser incident end face;

[0044] 32-laser emission end face;

[0045] 33- Optical waveguide;

[0046] 4- Optical components;

[0047] 5-qubit array;

[0048] 6-fiber array;

[0049] a-initial pulse laser beam;

[0050] b- one-dimensional beam array;

[0051] c-Addressing beam array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the detailed description below, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0053] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise," "include," etc. used herein indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0054] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0055] When expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0056] Although the related addressing technology can achieve fast addressing, it cannot achieve the addressing of any number of material bit states at any position. In addition, the related addressing technology has poor scalability, high complexity of the optical path system, and poor compatibility with existing systems in related fields.

[0057] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a quantum bit addressing device, which uses a laser generating component to generate an initial pulse laser beam, and uses a modulation component to modulate the initial pulse laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles, and uses an optical waveguide chip to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; uses an optical component to focus the addressing beam array onto the quantum bit array to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of any number of material bit states at any position, and reducing the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device.

[0058] Figure 1 The working principle diagram of the quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device includes a laser generating component, a modulation component 1, an optical waveguide component 3, and an optical component 4. The laser generating component is adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam a; the modulation component 1 is adapted to modulate the initial pulsed laser beam a according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array b comprising multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles; the optical waveguide chip 3 is adapted to convert the one-dimensional beam array b into an addressing beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array 5; and the optical component 4 is adapted to focus the addressing beam array c onto the quantum bit array 5 to address, manipulate, measure, or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; wherein each addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an initial pulse laser beam a is generated by using a laser generating component, and the initial pulse laser beam a is modulated by using a modulation component 1 according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array b including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles. The one-dimensional beam array b is converted into an addressing beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array 5 by using an optical waveguide chip 3, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; the addressing beam array c is focused onto the quantum bit array 5 by using an optical component 4 to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the quantum bit states of any number and any position, and reducing the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, qubit arrays may be arranged in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional arrays. A two-dimensional qubit array is one in which multiple qubits are arranged on the same plane; a three-dimensional qubit array is one in which multiple qubits are arranged on multiple planes.

[0062] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the modulation assembly 1 includes an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The initial pulsed laser beam a generated by the laser generating assembly is incident on the AOM. The AOM then generates different laser output conditions based on an externally input RF signal, outputting a one-dimensional beam array b consisting of multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles. RF signals are electrical signals. By selecting an appropriate number and frequency of electrical signals for input into the AOM, the AOM will output the one-dimensional beam array b.

[0063] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit array includes a matter bit array, and the type of the matter bits includes any one of atoms, ions, molecules and quantum dots.

[0064] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, optical assembly 4 includes a reflector, a lens assembly, and an objective lens. This arrangement allows an addressing light beam emitted from one of the multiple optical waveguides 33 in optical waveguide chip 3 to be precisely directed toward a target qubit at a specific location in qubit array 5, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the optical waveguide and the qubit.

[0065] Figure 2 A structural cross-sectional view of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the optical waveguide chip 3 includes a laser incident end face 31, a laser exit end face 32 and a multi-path optical waveguide 33. The multi-path optical waveguide 33 is arranged in the optical waveguide chip 3. The multi-path optical waveguide 33 has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face 31. The multi-path optical waveguide 33 has an exit light guide port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser exit end face 32.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by inserting a multi-path optical waveguide 33 into the optical waveguide chip 3, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face 31, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has an output light guide port corresponding one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser output end face 32, the one-dimensional light beam array b input into the optical waveguide chip 3 is converted into an addressing light beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array.

[0068] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of light guiding channels included in the optical waveguide chip 3 can be any number, for example, the number of light guiding channels is 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 30 or 48, etc. The laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 has an incident light guiding port arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has an exit light guiding port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser exit end face 32. The number of light guiding channels and the arrangement of the exit light guiding ports of the laser exit end face 32 are adjusted according to the actual arrangement of the quantum bit array 5.

[0069] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the optical waveguide chip 3 includes nine light guiding channels. The laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 has nine incident light guiding ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear pattern. The laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 also has exit light guiding ports arranged in a 3×3 pattern. The multiple optical waveguides in the optical waveguide chip 3 each receive the one-dimensional beam array b, which includes multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles, output by the modulation component 1.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of the appropriate RF signal is selected based on the relative position of the multi-channel optical waveguide 33 and the modulation component 1 and the interval between the multi-channel optical waveguides 33 so that the one-dimensional light beam array b matches and enters the optical waveguide chip 3.

[0071] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, if the quantum bit array 5 is a two-dimensional quantum bit array, the output light guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at the laser output end face 32 corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the two-dimensional quantum bit array; if the quantum bit array 5 is a three-dimensional quantum bit array, the output light guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at the laser output end face 32 corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the three-dimensional quantum bit array.

[0072] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is arranged in a 3×3 three-dimensional lattice.

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit addressing device further includes a coupling component 2 , which is adapted to couple the one-dimensional light beam array b into the laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 .

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the one-dimensional light beam array b is coupled into the optical waveguide chip 3 by providing a coupling component 2, thereby realizing the transmission of the one-dimensional light beam array b.

[0075] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, coupling assembly 2 includes any one of a lens assembly, an objective lens, and a reflector, or a combination of at least two. For example, coupling assembly 2 may be a lens assembly, an objective lens, or a reflector, or a combination of a lens assembly and an objective lens, or a combination of a lens assembly and a reflector. Coupling assembly 2 directs the multiple laser beams emitted by optical waveguide chip 3 toward the target qubit to be addressed, with an appropriate degree of convergence.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on and off of the transmission path of at least one addressing light in the addressing beam array c to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping of the target quantum bit.

[0077] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is integrated with a waveguide beam splitter, which is suitable for combining multiple optical waveguides into one for output. The waveguide beam splitter is also suitable for dividing one optical waveguide into multiple optical waveguides for output, so that one incident light guide port corresponds to at least one output light guide port or at least one incident light guide port corresponds to one output light guide port, the incident light guide ports are arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner, and the output light guide ports correspond one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the output control of the addressing light beam of a specific output light guide port is achieved through devices such as on-chip waveguide splitters and optical switches, so as to achieve addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of multiple quantum bits of arbitrary configuration.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3 can be processed to different depths and positions, thereby corresponding one-to-one to quantum bits at different positions in space.

[0080] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of optical waveguide chips 3 can be any number, for example, the number of optical waveguide chips 3 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 or 12, etc., and the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 are connected through an optical fiber array, and the optical guide ports at the laser input ends of the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 are arranged in a one-dimensional array, and the optical guide ports at the laser output ends of the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 correspond one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0081] Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a laser incident end face of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 4 Schematically shows an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser emission end face of the optical waveguide chip.

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the light guide openings of the laser incident end face and the laser exit end face of the optical waveguide chip 3 are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the two-dimensional array arrangements of the light guide openings of the laser incident end face and the laser exit end face are different from each other.

[0083] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of multiple quantum bits in the quantum bit array 5, wherein the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponding to the target quantum bit is obtained based on the positional relationship of the target quantum bit, so that the addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds to the target quantum bit.

[0084] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the qubit addressing device described above combines a modulation component 1 with an optical waveguide chip 3. An electrical signal of a specific frequency input to the modulation component 1 corresponds to a beam exit angle in the modulation component 1, which in turn corresponds to one of the multiple optical waveguides 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3, and ultimately corresponds to a target qubit in the qubit array. This establishes a correspondence between a target qubit at a specific location and an electrical signal of a specific frequency. In other words, simply inputting an RF signal of the corresponding frequency into the modulation component 1 allows addressing of the target qubit at the target location. Furthermore, the qubit addressing device described above has no limit on the number of qubits that can be addressed, ensuring the scalability of qubit array addressing. Because the one-dimensional beam array b is controlled by the modulation component 1, the modulation speed of the initial pulsed laser beam a is improved.

[0085] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for performing quantum optimization control by adjusting the parameters of the radio frequency signal in the input modulation component 1 includes but is not limited to achieving high-fidelity arbitrary single-bit operation and arbitrary multi-bit operation, and this method will not cause light spot jitter due to the non-monochromaticity of the control pulse.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control of quantum bits requires optimizing the pulse waveform of each laser beam in the one-dimensional beam array b. The initial pulse laser beam a generated by the laser generating component is modulated by the modulation component 1 to generate an optimized one-dimensional beam array b. Laser beams of different frequencies in the one-dimensional beam array b correspond to different spatial positions. The optimized one-dimensional beam array b generated after modulation by the modulation component 1 is coupled into the optical waveguide chip 3 through the coupling component 2. Each beam of addressing light in the final emitted addressing beam array c corresponds to a quantum bit at a different spatial position in the quantum bit array 5.

[0087] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device also includes a spatial light modulator, which is suitable for modulating the addressing beam array c according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light in the addressing beam array c has a different shape.

[0088] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one addressing beam in the addressing beam array c is modulated by using a spatial light modulator so that the light spot formed by the at least one addressing beam has a different shape, thereby achieving flat-top light shaping, long focal depth shaping or multi-focus shaping, thereby improving the accuracy of addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the target quantum bit.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with a spatial light modulator, in the addressing operation of the quantum system, the addressing light beam directed to the quantum bit is not necessarily a Gaussian spot. By modulating the addressing light with the spatial light modulator, flat-top light shaping, long focal depth shaping and multi-focus shaping can be achieved.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the optical waveguide chip 3 is used in conjunction with other chips, the end face of the optical waveguide chip 3 can be designed to match the channels of other optical chips, acoustic chips, superconducting chips, and optical fiber arrays 6, thereby achieving connection with these chips and optical fiber arrays. By combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with a spatial light modulator, the shape of the addressing light spot can be designed.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device also includes a beam splitter, which is suitable for combining multiple one-dimensional beam arrays b to output a first one-dimensional beam array, wherein the multiple one-dimensional beam arrays b are generated by multiple modulation components 1 respectively modulating multiple initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies, and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes multiple different frequencies.

[0092] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is connected to other optical chips, acoustic chips, superconducting quantum chips or optical fiber arrays, and the optical guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at one end of the optical waveguide chip 3 is designed to correspond to the structure of other devices, thereby realizing the connection between the optical waveguide chip 3 and other devices.

[0093] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is combined with the acoustic chip to process the fluorescent signal emitted by the quantum bit, and the optical signals at different positions are converted into optical signals of different frequencies.

[0094] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, multiple one-dimensional light beam arrays b are combined by using a beam splitter to output a first one-dimensional light beam array. Multiple initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies can simultaneously share an optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3. Lasers of different frequencies can be transmitted through the same optical waveguide 33, thereby realizing operations on different quantum bits, which can reduce the complexity of the optical path in the quantum bit addressing device.

[0095] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by changing the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the addressing light corresponding to the multiple target quantum bits is changed, thereby performing differential control on the multiple target quantum bits, so that the multiple target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

[0096] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by varying the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, differentiated control measures can be applied to qubits at different locations. The frequency, phase, pulse length, and waveform of the laser pulse applied to each qubit can be independently adjusted. Consequently, each qubit can be precisely controlled by a laser pulse of a specific waveform, enabling efficient and flexible quantum operations.

[0097] Figure 5 The flowchart of the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0098] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a quantum bit measurement method, such as Figure 5 As shown, the above method includes operations S101 to S103.

[0099] In operation S101 , the fluorescent light emitted by the quantum bit array 5 is collected using the optical waveguide chip 3 .

[0100] In operation S102 , fluorescence is detected by a detector to obtain fluorescence information.

[0101] In operation S103 , information on the quantum state of each qubit in the qubit array 5 is obtained based on the fluorescence information.

[0102] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array 5 is collected by using an optical waveguide chip 3, and the fluorescence is detected by using a detector to obtain fluorescence information; based on the fluorescence information, information on the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is obtained, thereby achieving measurement of the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5, which can be applied to the detection and readout of quantum systems.

[0103] Figure 6 The figure schematically shows the working principle of the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bit array in the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the qubit array in the qubit measurement method includes an optical fiber array 6, an optical waveguide chip 3, an optical component 4, and a qubit array 5. One end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to the optical waveguide chip 3, and the other end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to a detector, which collects the fluorescence information emitted by the qubits in the qubit array 5.

[0105] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the other end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to other optical signal processing devices to process the fluorescent signal emitted by the quantum bit array 5.

[0106] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radio frequency signal externally input to the modulation component 1 is adjusted according to the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0107] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluorescence emitted by each qubit in the qubit array 5 will be collected by the optical component 4 and coupled into the multi-path optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3. The fluorescence of each qubit will be collected into a specific optical waveguide 33. By combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with the optical fiber array 6, specific optical fiber collection of the fluorescence signal of the target qubit at a specific location can be achieved. The optical fiber array 6 can be connected to a high-speed detector to achieve high-speed quantum state readout. After the information of the quantum state of each qubit in the qubit array 5 is finally obtained and processed, feedback or feedforward control of the quantum system is achieved by adjusting the electrical signal (i.e., radio frequency signal) input to the above-mentioned qubit addressing device.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this disclosure may be combined and / or coupled in various ways, even if such combinations and / or couplings are not explicitly described in this disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this disclosure may be combined and / or coupled in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure. All such combinations and / or couplings are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0109] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although each embodiment has been described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used in combination to advantage. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A quantum bit addressing device, comprising: a laser generating assembly adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam; A modulation component (1) is adapted to modulate the initial pulsed laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array comprising a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles; An optical waveguide chip (3) adapted to convert the one-dimensional light beam array into an addressing light beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array (5); An optical component (4) adapted to focus the addressing beam array onto the quantum bit array (5) to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5); as well as a beam splitter adapted to combine the plurality of one-dimensional beam arrays to output a first one-dimensional beam array, The plurality of one-dimensional beam arrays are generated by respectively modulating a plurality of initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies by a plurality of modulation components (1), and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes a plurality of different frequencies; Wherein, each addressing light in the addressing light beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5).

2. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The optical waveguide chip (3) comprises: Laser incident end face; a laser emitting end face; and A multi-path optical waveguide is provided through the optical waveguide chip (3), wherein the multi-path optical waveguide has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear pattern at the laser incident end face, and the multi-path optical waveguide has an output light guide port corresponding one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5) at the laser output end face.

3. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The optical waveguide chip (3) is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on / off of a transmission path of at least one addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array, so as to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping on the target quantum bit.

4. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of quantum bits in the quantum bit array (5), Among them, according to the positional relationship of the target quantum bit, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponding to the target quantum bit is obtained, so that the addressing light in the addressing light beam array corresponds to the target quantum bit.

5. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: The spatial light modulator is adapted to modulate the addressing light beam array according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array has different shapes.

6. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 2, wherein: Also includes: A coupling component (2) is adapted to couple the one-dimensional light beam array into the laser incident end face of the optical waveguide chip (3).

7. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: By changing the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the addressing light corresponding to the multiple target quantum bits is changed, thereby differentially regulating the multiple target quantum bits so that the multiple target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

8. A method for measuring a quantum bit, using the quantum bit addressing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising: The optical waveguide chip (3) is used to collect the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array (5); detecting the fluorescence with a detector to obtain fluorescence information; According to the fluorescence information, information on the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5) is obtained.

9. The quantum bit measurement method according to claim 8, wherein: According to the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5), the radio frequency signal externally input to the modulation component (1) is adjusted to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array (5).

Images