Structure for reducing pressure drop in liquid blanket multi-coupled pipeline and method of using the same

Abstract

This invention discloses a structure and its method for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding. The structure includes pressure balancing slots opened on the coupling Hartmann walls of each of the multi-coupled pipes. The multi-coupled pipes are conductive pipes of the same size arranged in the same direction, with adjacent conductive pipes sharing a conductive wall. The applied magnetic field is also along the pipe arrangement direction; therefore, the shared conductive wall between adjacent pipes is the coupling Hartmann wall. By opening pressure balancing slots on the coupling Hartmann walls in the multi-coupled pipe structure, this invention provides a new path for the liquid metal to flow to the next adjacent pipe, effectively consolidating n pipes into one pipe. This increases the half-width parallel to the magnetic field, and simultaneously reduces the induced electromotive force within the multi-coupled pipe, thus helping to reduce the pressure drop of the liquid metal within the multi-coupled pipe. This effectively solves the problem of excessive pressure drop in current multi-coupled pipes and promotes the engineering application of liquid cladding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fusion reactor blanket technology, and more specifically, to a structure and method of using it for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled conduits of liquid blanket. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid blankets are considered a promising solution in fusion reactor blanket design due to their numerous potential advantages, including high tritium breeding ratios, high thermal efficiency, low operating pressure, and structural simplicity. However, when conductive liquid breeding materials (such as liquid metals) move within the strong magnetic field confining the fusion plasma, their performance is inevitably affected by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects. The Lorentz force generated by this interaction alters the velocity distribution, thus affecting flow characteristics. Furthermore, the associated MHD pressure drop is typically significantly increased, often exceeding the conventional hydraulic pressure drop by 10%. 4 times.

[0003] In the complex modules of a fusion reactor blanket, a common structure consists of multiple conductive conduits connected in series and parallel to form coolant channels. This design is widely used in liquid blanket design concepts, such as dual-cooled lithium-lead blankets (DCLL), helium-cooled lithium-lead blankets (HCLL), and water-cooled lithium-lead blankets (WCLL). In actual fusion reactors, multiple conductive conduits typically share conductive walls, which allows induced currents to flow into adjacent channels through coupling walls, creating a phenomenon known as leakage current. Furthermore, at the coupling conductive walls, the positive and negative electrodes of the induced currents may connect, leading to short-circuit currents, which significantly alter the velocity and pressure distribution. Compared to a single uncoupled tube, this structure generates a higher pressure drop and can potentially induce reverse flow. This phenomenon is known as the MHD coupling effect.

[0004] In studies on pressure drop within multi-coupled pipelines, when the pipeline length-to-width ratio (b / a) is 1, the results show that with two coupling pipes, the coupling pressure drop due to the coupling effect is approximately 10 times that of a single pipe; however, when the number of coupling pipes increases to three, the coupling pressure drop increases to 18 times that of a single pipe. This significant pressure drop severely limits the economic feasibility of liquid cladding; therefore, addressing the pressure drop problem within multi-coupled pipelines is particularly important.

[0005] Currently, methods for reducing voltage drop in conductive conduits include adding insulating coatings and insulated inserts (FCI) inside the conduits. However, these methods are limited by materials and processing technology in engineering applications, resulting in potentially poor implementation, and have not yet been validated in actual fusion reactor blanket experiments. Therefore, designing a novel coupling conduit structure to reduce coupling voltage drop is of great significance in the engineering applications of fusion reactor liquid blankets.

[0006] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a structure and method for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding. By opening a pressure balance gap on the coupling Hartmann wall in the multi-coupled pipe structure, a new path is provided for the liquid metal to flow to the next adjacent pipe. To a certain extent, n pipes are transformed into one pipe, increasing the half-width parallel to the magnetic field. At the same time, the induced electromotive force in the multi-coupled pipe decreases, thus helping to reduce the pressure drop of the liquid metal in the multi-coupled pipe. This effectively solves the problem of excessive pressure drop in current multi-coupled pipes and promotes the engineering application of liquid cladding.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a liquid-clad multi-coupled pipe, comprising a pressure balancing slit opened on each coupled Hartmann wall of the multi-coupled pipe, wherein the multi-coupled pipes are conductive pipes of the same size arranged in the same direction, and adjacent conductive pipes share a conductive wall, and the external magnetic field is along the pipe arrangement direction, so the shared conductive wall between adjacent pipes is the coupled Hartmann wall.

[0010] In one specific embodiment, the pressure balancing joint is a transverse joint, which is opened at the connection position of the coupling Hartmann wall and the pipe side wall.

[0011] The coupled Hartmann wall is a wall perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic field;

[0012] The sidewall is the sidewall of the conductive pipe parallel to the direction of the applied magnetic field.

[0013] In one specific embodiment, two horizontal slits are provided on each coupled Hartmann wall, with the two horizontal slits located at the top and bottom of the coupled Hartmann wall, respectively.

[0014] This invention incorporates two transverse slits at the top and bottom of the coupled Hartmann wall, connected to the upper and lower sidewalls of the pipe. Due to the MHD effect, jets will appear on the sidewalls, effectively reducing the jet value at these locations and thus alleviating pressure drop. However, because the cross-sectional area of ​​the transverse slits is relatively large, a large amount of liquid metal will flow from them to the next pipe. If the number of transverse slits is increased further, the liquid metal may enter the next pipe before it even passes through the previous one. Therefore, the number of transverse slits is limited to two.

[0015] In one specific embodiment, the dimensionless dimension of the transverse seam is:

[0016] Where X represents the direction of liquid metal flow, Y represents the direction parallel to the magnetic field, Z represents the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, L represents the length of the pipe within the multi-coupled pipe structure, and C represents the direction of liquid metal flow. w σ is the dimensionless wall conductivity. w Let σ be the electrical conductivity of the wall, σ be the fluid conductivity, a be the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b be the half-width parallel to the magnetic field.

[0017] In one specific embodiment, the pressure balancing seam is a vertical seam, which is opened on the coupling Hartmann wall, and the vertical seam is spaced at the same distance from the upper and lower side walls of the conductive pipe.

[0018] In one specific embodiment, the dimensionless dimension of the vertical slit is:

[0019] Where X is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, Y is parallel to the magnetic field direction, Z is the direction of liquid metal flow, L is the inner pipe length of the multi-coupled pipe, and C... w σ is the dimensionless wall conductivity. w Let σ be the electrical conductivity of the wall surface, σ be the fluid conductivity, a be the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b be the half-width parallel to the magnetic field. The number of vertical slits Q ≥ n-1, where n is the number of multi-coupled pipes, and the number of coupled Hartmann walls is n-1, meaning that each coupled Hartmann wall has at least one vertical slit.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the vertical slit spacing ΔZ in the Z direction needs to satisfy: 3.2b < ΔZ < L.

[0021] The structure of this invention for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding utilizes a pressure balancing gap created on the coupling Hartmann wall of the multi-coupled pipe structure. This provides a new path for the liquid metal to flow to the next adjacent pipe, thus helping to alleviate the pressure drop. Originally, the multi-coupled pipe structure had n pipes; due to the addition of the pressure balancing gap, some of the liquid metal can directly enter the next pipe through the gap. Therefore, to a certain extent, the n pipes become one pipe, equivalent to increasing the half-width b parallel to the magnetic field. According to the dimensionless pressure gradient calculation formula: This reduces the dimensionless pressure gradient, thus lowering the pressure drop within the multi-coupled pipe. Furthermore, the introduction of a pressure balancing joint reduces the induced electromotive force within the multi-coupled pipe, weakening the coupling effect and ultimately further reducing the coupling pressure drop.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, the number of pipes n in the multi-coupled pipe structure is: n≥2.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the inner pipe size 2a×2b of the multi-coupled pipe needs to satisfy: 0.01m < a < 0.2m, 0.01m < b < 0.2m; the inner pipe length L of the multi-coupled pipe needs to satisfy: 0.01m < L < 2m.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, the material used for the wall of the multi-coupled pipe includes low-activation ferritic-martensitic steel RAFM, ​​ODS steel, or Inconel 718, etc.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the dimensionless wall conductivity C w The condition must be met: 0.01 ≤ c w ≤0.5.

[0026] Secondly, the present invention provides a method of using a structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding, comprising the following steps:

[0027] (1) A magnetic field is applied to the multi-coupled pipe structure, and liquid metal enters the inlet of the multi-coupled pipe with a certain initial velocity;

[0028] (2) Liquid metal passes through the coupling straight pipe section of the coupling pipeline, and part of the liquid metal enters the next coupling straight pipe section after passing through the U-shaped bend section with a 180° turn.

[0029] (3) Another part of the liquid metal enters the next coupling straight pipe section through the pressure balance joint. The liquid metal flows through n coupling straight pipe sections and n-1 U-shaped bends in the multi-coupling pipe and finally flows out from the outlet.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the liquid metal includes lithium or a lithium-containing alloy.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the external magnetic field applied to the multi-coupled pipe structure is 0T to 10T.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the flow velocity of the liquid metal at the inlet of the multi-coupling pipe is 0.0001 m / s to 1 m / s.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The structure and method for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding provided in the embodiments of the present invention, by opening a pressure balance gap on the coupling Hartmann wall in the multi-coupled pipe structure, provides a new path for the liquid metal to flow to the next adjacent pipe, which helps to alleviate the pressure drop;

[0035] 2. The structure and method for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipe with liquid cladding provided in this embodiment of the invention, due to the addition of a pressure balance gap, allows some liquid metal to directly enter the next pipe through the pressure balance gap. Therefore, to a certain extent, the multiple pipes of the multi-coupled pipe structure are transformed into a single pipe, which is equivalent to increasing the half-width b parallel to the magnetic field. The dimensionless pressure gradient will then decrease, thereby reducing the pressure drop inside the multi-coupled pipe.

[0036] 3. The structure and method for reducing the pressure drop in a multi-coupling pipe with liquid cladding provided in this embodiment of the invention, after opening the pressure balance joint, will reduce the induced electromotive force in the multi-coupling pipe, thus helping to reduce the pressure drop of liquid metal in the multi-coupling pipe, thereby effectively solving the problem of excessive pressure drop in the current multi-coupling pipe and promoting the engineering application of liquid cladding.

[0037] 4. The structure and method of using the liquid blanket multi-coupling pipe provided in the embodiments of the present invention can greatly reduce the pressure drop of the coupling MHD in the pipe. The implementation method is simple and easy to process. It solves the problem that the liquid blanket may not have suitable pumping power due to excessive pressure drop in actual engineering applications, and further improves the economy of the blanket in fusion reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with liquid cladding provided in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 The internal pressure drop distribution of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside the liquid cladding coupled pipeline provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 The internal pressure drop distribution of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside the liquid cladding coupled pipeline provided in Embodiments 2-4 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 The internal pressure drop distribution of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside the liquid cladding coupled pipeline provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 The internal pressure drop distribution of the structure for reducing the pressure drop inside the liquid cladding coupled pipeline provided in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0049] Attached diagrams and component markings:

[0050] 01-Inlet, 02-Coupled straight pipe section, 03-U-shaped bend section, 04-Pressure balance joint, 05-Outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known materials or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0053] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "an embodiment," "an example," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0054] In the description of this invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0055] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a liquid-clad multi-coupled pipe, comprising a pressure balance slit 04 opened on each coupled Hartmann wall of the multi-coupled pipe, wherein the multi-coupled pipes are conductive pipes of the same size arranged in the same direction, and adjacent conductive pipes share a conductive wall, and the external magnetic field is along the pipe arrangement direction, so the shared conductive wall between adjacent pipes is the coupled Hartmann wall.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the pressure balance joint 04 is a transverse joint, which is opened at the connection position of the coupling Hartmann wall and the pipe side wall.

[0057] The coupled Hartmann wall is a wall perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic field;

[0058] The sidewall is the sidewall of the conductive pipe parallel to the direction of the applied magnetic field.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, two horizontal slits are provided on each coupled Hartmann wall, with the two horizontal slits located at the top and bottom of the coupled Hartmann wall, respectively.

[0060] This invention incorporates two transverse slits at the top and bottom of the coupled Hartmann wall, connected to the upper and lower sidewalls of the pipe. Due to the MHD effect, jets will appear on the sidewalls, effectively reducing the jet value at these locations and thus alleviating pressure drop. However, because the cross-sectional area of ​​the transverse slits is relatively large, a large amount of liquid metal will flow from them to the next pipe. If the number of slits is increased further, the liquid metal may enter the next pipe before it has even passed through the previous one. Therefore, the number of slits is limited to two. In a specific embodiment, the dimensionless dimension of the transverse slit is:

[0061] Where X is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, Y is parallel to the magnetic field direction, Z is the direction of liquid metal flow, L is the length of the pipe within the multi-coupled pipe structure, and C... w σ is the dimensionless wall conductivity. w Let σ be the electrical conductivity of the wall, σ be the fluid conductivity, a be the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b be the half-width parallel to the magnetic field.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, the pressure balancing seam (04) is a vertical seam, which is opened on the coupling Hartmann wall, and the vertical seam is spaced at the same distance from the upper and lower side walls of the conductive pipe.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the dimensionless dimension of the vertical slit is:

[0064] Where X is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, Y is parallel to the magnetic field direction, Z is the direction of liquid metal flow, L is the inner pipe length of the multi-coupled pipe, and C... w σ is the dimensionless wall conductivity. w Let σ be the electrical conductivity of the wall surface, σ be the fluid conductivity, a be the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b be the half-width parallel to the magnetic field. The number of vertical slits Q ≥ n-1, where n is the number of multi-coupled pipes, and the number of coupled Hartmann walls is n-1, meaning that each coupled Hartmann wall has at least one vertical slit.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the vertical slit spacing ΔZ in the Z direction needs to satisfy: 3.2b < ΔZ < L.

[0066] The structure of this invention for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding utilizes a pressure balancing gap created on the coupling Hartmann wall of the multi-coupled pipe structure. This provides a new path for the liquid metal to flow to the next adjacent pipe, thus helping to alleviate the pressure drop. Originally, the multi-coupled pipe structure had n pipes; due to the addition of the pressure balancing gap, some of the liquid metal can directly enter the next pipe through the gap. Therefore, to a certain extent, the n pipes become one pipe, equivalent to increasing the half-width b parallel to the magnetic field. According to the dimensionless pressure gradient calculation formula: This reduces the dimensionless pressure gradient, thus lowering the pressure drop within the multi-coupled pipe. Furthermore, the introduction of a pressure balancing joint reduces the induced electromotive force within the multi-coupled pipe, weakening the coupling effect and ultimately further reducing the coupling pressure drop.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, the number of pipes n in the multi-coupled pipe structure is: n≥2.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the inner pipe size 2a×2b of the multi-coupled pipe needs to satisfy: 0.01m < a < 0.2m, 0.01m < b < 0.2m; the inner pipe length L of the multi-coupled pipe needs to satisfy: 0.01m < L < 2m.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the material used for the wall of the multi-coupled pipe includes low-activation ferritic-martensitic steel RAFM, ​​ODS steel, or Inconel 718, etc.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the dimensionless wall conductivity C w The condition must be met: 0.01 ≤ c w ≤0.5.

[0071] Secondly, the present invention provides a method of using a structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding, comprising the following steps:

[0072] (1) When a magnetic field is applied to the multi-coupled pipe structure, liquid metal enters the inlet 01 of the multi-coupled pipe with a certain initial velocity;

[0073] (2) Liquid metal passes through the coupling straight pipe section 02 of the coupling pipeline, and part of the liquid metal enters the next coupling straight pipe section 02 after passing through the U-shaped bend section 03 with a 180° turn.

[0074] (3) Another part of the liquid metal enters the next coupling straight pipe section 02 through the pressure balance joint 04. The liquid metal flows through n coupling straight pipe sections and n-1 U-shaped bends in the multi-coupling pipe and finally flows out from the outlet 05.

[0075] In one specific embodiment, the liquid metal includes lithium or a lithium-containing alloy.

[0076] In one specific embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the external magnetic field applied to the multi-coupled pipe structure is 0T to 10T.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, the flow velocity of the liquid metal at the inlet of the multi-coupling pipe is 0.0001 m / s to 1 m / s.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with a liquid cladding. It consists of three coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has a = 0.005m, b = 0.04m, and L = 0.1m. All pipes use ferritic steel (RAFM) as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w =0.1. The pressure balance joint is a transverse joint, with specific dimensions of 0.07m, 0.004m, and 0.0005m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 1 below.

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082] The above-mentioned flow channel structure is used as follows: An external magnetic field strength of 4T is applied. Liquid LiPb alloy enters the coupling straight pipe section 02 through inlet 01 at an initial flow velocity of 0.001 m / s. One path then leads through the U-shaped bend section 03 to the next coupling pipe, while the other path leads through the pressure balance gap 04 to the next coupling pipe, finally exiting from outlet 05. This pipe structure and corresponding parameter settings can be used in HCLL cladding. For example... Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the numerical simulation results show that the pressure drop in the multi-coupled pipe is greatly reduced after the pressure balance joint is added, even lower than the pressure drop in a single non-coupled pipe.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with a liquid cladding. It consists of four coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has a length of a = 0.05m, b = 0.05m, and L = 0.2m. All pipes use ferritic steel (RAFM) as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w =0.01. The pressure balance joint is a transverse joint, with specific dimensions of 0.14m, 0.0005m, and 0.005m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 2 below.

[0085] Table 2

[0086]

[0087] The above-mentioned flow channel structure is used as follows: An external magnetic field strength of 1T is applied. Liquid LiPb alloy enters the coupling straight pipe section 02 through inlet 01 at an initial flow velocity of 0.0002 m / s. One path then leads through the U-shaped bend section 03 to the next coupling pipe, while the other path leads through the pressure balance gap 04 to the next coupling pipe, finally exiting from outlet 05. This pipe structure and corresponding parameter settings can be used in WCLL cladding. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes is greatly reduced after the addition of the pressure balancing joint, and can even be reduced to 0.5 times that of a single uncoupled pipe.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] like Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with a liquid cladding. It consists of four coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has a length of a = 0.05m, b = 0.05m, and L = 0.2m. All pipes use ferritic steel (RAFM) as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w =0.01. The pressure balance joint is a vertical joint, with specific dimensions of 0.004m, 0.0005m, and 0.08m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 3 below.

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092] The method of using the above-described flow channel structure is the same as in Embodiment 2. For example... Figure 8 As shown, after adding the pressure balancing joint, the pressure drop in the multi-coupled pipe is reduced, and the maximum pressure drop in the coupled pipe is reduced from 17 times that of the original single non-coupled pipe to about 10 times.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with a liquid cladding. It consists of four coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has a length of a = 0.05m, b = 0.05m, and L = 0.2m. All pipes use ferritic steel (RAFM) as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w =0.01. The pressure balance joint is a vertical joint, with specific dimensions of 0.004m, 0.0005m, and 0.08m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 4 below.

[0095] Table 4

[0096]

[0097] The method of using the above-described flow channel structure is the same as in Embodiment 2. For example... Figure 8 As shown, after adding the pressure balancing joint, the pressure drop in the multi-coupled pipe is reduced, and the maximum pressure drop in the coupled pipe is reduced from 17 times that of the original single non-coupled pipe to about 5 times.

[0098] Example 5

[0099] like Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipeline with a liquid cladding. It consists of three coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has a length of a = 0.08 m, b = 0.02 m, and L = 0.5 m. All pipes use ODS steel as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w =0.5. The pressure balance joint is a transverse joint, with specific dimensions of 0.35m, 0.01m, and 0.008m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 5 below.

[0100] Table 5

[0101]

[0102] The above-mentioned flow channel structure is used as follows: An external magnetic field strength of 7T is applied. Liquid LiPb alloy enters the coupling straight pipe section 02 through inlet 01 at an initial flow velocity of 0.07 m / s. One path then leads through the U-shaped bend section 03 to the next coupling pipe, while the other path leads through the pressure balance gap 04 to the next coupling pipe, finally exiting from outlet 05. This pipe structure and corresponding parameter settings can be used in DCLL cladding. Figure 9 As shown, the combination of numerical simulation and theoretical calculation predicts that the pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes is greatly reduced after the addition of pressure balancing joints, even compared to the pressure drop in a single non-coupled pipe.

[0103] Example 6

[0104] like Figure 6 and Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment provides a structure for reducing the pressure drop inside a multi-coupled pipe with a liquid cladding. It consists of three coupled straight pipe sections 02, connected by a U-shaped bend 03 between adjacent sections. Each pipe has dimensions a = 0.1m, b = 0.025m, and L = 1m. All pipes use Inconel 718 as the pipe wall material. The dimensionless wall conductivity c... w=0.25. The pressure balance joint is a vertical joint, with specific dimensions of 0.02m, 0.00625m, and 0.16m in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The coordinates of the pressure balance joint are shown in Table 6 below.

[0105] Table 6

[0106]

[0107] The above-mentioned flow channel structure is used as follows: An external magnetic field strength of 10T is applied. Liquid LiPb alloy enters the coupling straight pipe section 02 through inlet 01 at an initial flow velocity of 0.5 m / s. One path then leads through the U-shaped bend section 03 to the next coupling pipe, while the other path leads through the pressure balance gap 04 to the next coupling pipe, finally exiting from outlet 05. This pipe structure and corresponding parameter settings can be used in self-cooled lithium-lead cladding systems. Figure 10 As shown, the combination of numerical simulation and theoretical calculation predicts that the pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes is greatly reduced after the addition of pressure balancing joints, even compared to the pressure drop in a single non-coupled pipe.

[0108] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipes with liquid cladding, characterized in that, The multi-coupled pipe includes a pressure balance gap (04) opened on each coupling Hartmann wall of the multi-coupled pipe, wherein the multi-coupled pipe consists of conductive pipes of the same size arranged in the same direction, and adjacent conductive pipes share a conductive wall, wherein the shared conductive wall is the coupling Hartmann wall. The pressure balancing joint (04) is a horizontal joint or a vertical joint; The transverse slit is opened at the connection position of the coupling Hartmann wall and the pipe side wall; the coupling Hartmann wall is a wall perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic field; the side wall is the side wall of the conductive pipe parallel to the direction of the applied magnetic field. The dimensionless dimension of the transverse seam is: Where X represents the direction of liquid metal flow, Y represents the direction parallel to the magnetic field, Z represents the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, L represents the length of the pipe within the multi-coupled pipe structure, and C represents the direction of liquid metal flow. w σ is the dimensionless wall conductivity. w Let σ be the electrical conductivity of the wall, σ be the fluid conductivity, a be the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b be the half-width parallel to the magnetic field. The vertical slit is formed on the coupling Hartmann wall, and the vertical slit is spaced at the same distance from the upper and lower side walls of the conductive pipe. The dimensionless dimension of the vertical slit is: Where X is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, Y is parallel to the magnetic field direction, Z is the direction of liquid metal flow, L is the length of the pipe in the multi-coupled pipe structure, Cw is the dimensionless wall conductivity coefficient, σw is the wall conductivity, σ is the fluid conductivity, a is the half-width perpendicular to the magnetic field, and b is the half-width parallel to the magnetic field.

2. The structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two horizontal slits are provided on each coupled Hartmann wall, located at the top and bottom of the coupled Hartmann wall respectively.

3. The structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical seam spacing ΔZ in the Z direction needs to satisfy: 3.2b < ΔZ < L.

4. The structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner pipe dimensions 2a×2b of the multi-coupled pipe need to satisfy: 0.01m < a < 0.2m, 0.01m < b < 0.2m; the inner pipe length L of the multi-coupled pipe needs to satisfy: 0.01m < L < 2m.

5. The structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, Dimensionless wall conductivity C w The condition must be met: 0.01 ≤ c w ≤0.

5.

6. A method of using the structure for reducing pressure drop in multi-coupled pipelines with liquid cladding as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) When a magnetic field is applied to the multi-coupled pipe structure, liquid metal enters the inlet (01) of the multi-coupled pipe with a certain initial velocity; (2) Liquid metal passes through the coupling straight pipe section (02) of the coupling pipeline, and a portion of the liquid metal passes through the U-shaped bend section (03) with a 180° turn and enters the next coupling straight pipe section (02); (3) Another part of the liquid metal enters the next coupling straight pipe section (02) through the pressure balance joint (04). The liquid metal flows through n coupling straight pipe sections and n-1 U-shaped bends in the multi-coupling pipe and finally flows out from the outlet (05).

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