WTRU and execution method thereof

Abstract

A WTRU and a method for performing the same may be provided, such as for power saving. The WTRU includes: a processor configured to receive a signal from a network when the WTRU is associated with a sleep state; detecting first information indicated by the signal, wherein the first information comprises a bit pattern indicated by the signal; determining whether the bit mode is matched with the configured bit mode or not; transitioning from the dormant state to a wake-up state based on determining that the bit pattern matches the configured bit pattern; and in response to transitioning from the dormant state to the wake-up state, decoding the signal and determining second information associated with the signal, where the second information is different from the first information, and where the second information includes a sequence associated with the bit pattern.

Description

This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application No. 202080016121.9, whose filing date is February 21, 2020 and entitled “WTRU and its implementation method”. The contents of the parent application are incorporated herein by reference. Cross-references

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 809,067, filed on February 22, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0002] Mobile communications are in continuous evolution and are already on the threshold of their fifth realization - 5G. Summary of the invention

[0003] Systems, methods, and means associated with wake-up signals may be provided, for example, for power saving. The systems, methods, and means may include interference-free wake-up signals (WUS) / go-to-sleep signals (GOS) and / or on / off keying (OOK) waveform enhancements. The systems, methods, and means for interference-free WUS / GOS may include wake-up control signal formats and content and / or user multiplexing and reference symbols for WUS / GOS signaling. The systems, methods, and means for OOK waveform enhancement may include one or more of the following: using OOK based on time domain masking, OOK randomization, and / or using a unified WUS / GUS with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols with multiple subcarrier spacing values ​​for OOK symbols.

[0004] Systems, methods, and tools may be provided for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) to receive a signal from a network while the WTRU is in a sleep state. The signal may be or may include an OOK signal. The OOK signal may be or may include an OOK symbol set. The OOK symbol set may be or may include an OFDM symbol set. The signal may include multiple levels of information. For example, the signal may indicate a first level of information, such as whether to wake up the WTRU from a sleep state or maintain a sleep state. The signal may indicate a second level of information, such as a WTRU ID, a group WTRU ID, information about physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resources to be monitored, and / or additional information for the WTRU and / or WTRU group to perform.

[0005] The WTRU may detect a bit pattern in the signal. The WTRU may detect a bit pattern based on detecting an ON / OFF bit set. For example, the WTRU may use energy detection to detect an ON / OFF bit set. If the WTRU detects energy exceeding a threshold, the WTRU may determine that the bit corresponds to an ON bit. If the WTRU detects energy below a threshold, the WTRU may determine that the bit corresponds to an OFF bit.

[0006] The WTRU may determine whether the bit pattern matches the configured bit pattern. The configured bit pattern may instruct the WTRU to wake up from a sleep state. For example, the configured bit pattern may be similar to (e.g., the same as) a WUS. If the WTRU determines that the bit pattern matches the configured bit pattern, the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the WTRU determines that the bit pattern does not match the configured bit pattern, the WTRU may maintain a sleep state. The bit pattern that does not match the configured bit pattern may correspond to (e.g., be considered to be) a GOS.

[0007] If the WTRU wakes up from a sleep state (e.g., in response to the bit pattern matching the configured bit pattern), the WTRU may decode a set of sequences in the signal. The WTRU may determine whether the set of sequences matches the configured set of sequences. If the set of sequences matches the configured set of sequences, the WTRU may perform a task (e.g., determine a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource to monitor) based on the configured set of sequences. The set of sequences may be or may include one or more of: information of a PDCCH location, a WTRU ID, or a WTRU group ID. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0009] Figure 1B is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown;

[0010] Figure 1C is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the communication system shown;

[0011] Figure 1D is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1AA system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used within the communication system shown;

[0012] Figure 2A An example of an ON duration and an OFF duration with a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle is shown.

[0013] Figure 2B An example of a WUS with DRX operation is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 An example of OFDM-based OOK waveform generation using Manchester coding is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 An example of an OOK waveform utilizing Manchester encoding is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 An example of orthogonal OOK is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 An example of the time domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform is shown.

[0018] Figure 7 An example of the frequency domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 An example of a frame format for a wake-up control signal (WUCS) is shown.

[0020] Fig. 9 Examples of different options for synchronization (SYNC) and information subsequences are shown.

[0021] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of simultaneous SYNC transmission and WTRU multiplexing.

[0022] Fig.11 An example of using OOK and OFDM transmission(s) for WUS / GOS is shown.

[0023] Fig.12 An example reception implementation at a WTRU is shown.

[0024] Fig.13 An example of masking-based OOK generation is shown.

[0025] Fig.14 An example of beam-based OOK generation is shown.

[0026] Fig.15 An example OOK WUS using energy detection and sequence detection is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT-spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0028] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it should be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network components. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”, which may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices working in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), consumer electronic devices, and devices working on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0029] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (e.g., CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or other networks 112) by wirelessly interfacing with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. For example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although each of the base stations 114a, 114b is depicted as a single component, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network components.

[0030] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, and the RAN may also include other base stations and / or network components (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies called cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a specific geographic area that is relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, each transceiver corresponds to a sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, by using beamforming, signals may be transmitted and / or received in a desired spatial direction.

[0031] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0032] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA, among others. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0033] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0034] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology that may use new radio (NR) to establish the air interface 116, such as NR radio access.

[0035] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access (e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles). Thus, the air interface used by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0036] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN), among others.

[0037] Figure 1A The base station 114b in the example may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may use any appropriate RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless local area network (WLAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15. In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a picocell or a femtocell by using a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). As Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b does not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0038] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or may perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1AAlthough not shown, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113 employing NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0039] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer network devices that use common communication protocols (e.g., TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or IP in the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) Internet Protocol Suite). The networks 112 may include wired or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, where the one or more RANs may use the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104 / 113.

[0040] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0041] Figure 1B is a system diagram showing an exemplary WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0042] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, however it should be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may also be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0043] The transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. As an example, in another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive RF and light signals. It should be appreciated that the transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0044] Although in Figure 1B 102 as a single component, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive components 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive components 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0045] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive component 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive component 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers that allow the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs (e.g., NR and IEEE 802.11).

[0046] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive user input data from these components. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store information in any suitable memory such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as, for example, on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0047] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power for use by other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0048] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information via any suitable positioning method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0049] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, wherein the peripheral devices may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripheral devices 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, Modules, frequency modulation (FM) radio units, digital music players, media players, video game console modules, Internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, and activity trackers, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors, geographic location sensors, altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors, etc.

[0050] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio in which the reception or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous for the radio. A full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit that reduces and / or substantially eliminates self-interference by means of hardware (e.g., chokes) or by signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio that transmits and receives some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0051] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c using an E-UTRA radio technology over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0052] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, however it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0053] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0054] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. Although each of the aforementioned components are described as being part of the CN 106, it should be appreciated that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0055] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, performing bearer activation / deactivation processing, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach procedure for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0056] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may also perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during an inter-eNB handover, triggering paging processing when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0057] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 146, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0058] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway, such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server, and the IP gateway may serve as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0059] Although in Figures 1A-1D While the WTRU is described as a wireless terminal, it should be appreciated that in certain typical embodiments, such a terminal may use a (eg, temporary or permanent) wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0060] In a typical embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0061] A WLAN using an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or be connected to a distributed system (DS) or other types of wired / wireless networks that send traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and destined for the STA may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, when the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. The point-to-point traffic may be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly therebetween) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain typical embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z channelized DLS (TDLS)). For example, a WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode does not have an AP, and STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using the IBSS can communicate directly with each other. Here, the IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0062] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel (e.g., a primary channel). The primary channel may have a fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz) or a width that is dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be a working channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain typical embodiments, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance (e.g., in an 802.11 system) may be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA) including the AP may sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, the particular STA may back off. In a specified BSS, one STA (e.g., only one station) transmits at any given time.

[0063] A high throughput (HT) STA may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel (eg, by combining a 20 MHz wide primary channel with a 20 MHz wide adjacent or non-adjacent channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel).

[0064] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels or by combining two discontinuous 80MHz channels (this combination can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can be passed and passed through a fragment parser, which can separate the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The stream can be mapped on two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the STA performing the transmission. At the receiver of the STA performing the reception, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[0065] 802.11af and 802.11ah support working modes below 1 GHz. Compared with 802.11n and 802.11ac, the channel working bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a typical embodiment, 802.11ah can support instrument type control / machine type communication (e.g., MTC devices in macro coverage areas). MTC devices can have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices can include a battery, and the battery life of the battery is higher than a threshold (e.g., for maintaining a very long battery life).

[0066] For WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah), these systems include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by a certain STA, where the STA originates from all STAs operating in the BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the width of the primary channel can be 1MHz. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings can depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy (eg, because a STA (which only supports 1 MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP), then the entire available frequency band may be considered busy even though most of the available frequency band remains idle and available for use.

[0067] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0068] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 113 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c using NR radio technology over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also communicate with the CN 115.

[0069] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may use beamforming processing to transmit and / or receive signals to and / or from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a and receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0070] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable digital configuration. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different absolute time lengths).

[0071] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect to the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while communicating / connecting to another RAN (e.g., the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c). For example, the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner by implementing the DC principle. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may act as a mobility anchor for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput to serve the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0072] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support network slicing, dual connectivity, implement interworking between NR and E-UTRA, route user plane data to a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, and route control plane information to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other through the Xn interface.

[0073] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may include a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the aforementioned components is described as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0074] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, and mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing processing to customize the CN support provided to the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. As an example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and / or services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 182 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) using other radio technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi).

[0075] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and may configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0076] The UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks (e.g., the Internet 110) to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184a, 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, implementing user plane policies, supporting multi-host PDU sessions, processing user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchor processing, etc.

[0077] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the local data network (DN) 185a, 185b via an N3 interface connected to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b and through the UPF 184a, 184b.

[0078] In view of Figures 1A-1D and about Figures 1A-1D In accordance with the corresponding description of the present invention, one or more or all functions described herein in comparison with one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNodeB 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN185ab and / or one or more other devices described herein. These simulation devices may be one or more devices configured to simulate one or more or all functions described herein. For example, these simulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0079] The simulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests about other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in whole or in part to test other devices inside the communication network. The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to other devices to perform the test, and / or can use over-the-air wireless communication to perform the test.

[0080] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions, including all functions, while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test lab and / or a test scenario of a wired and / or wireless communication network that is not deployed (e.g., tested) to implement tests on one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test devices. The simulation device can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication with the aid of RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas).

[0081] A discontinuous reception (DRX) operation may be performed. DRX may be used, for example, to save battery. During DRX, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may skip monitoring (e.g., not monitor) a downlink (DL) control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)). In a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode, a WTRU may use connected mode DRX (C-DRX). Figure 2A An example of an ON duration and an OFF duration with a DRX cycle is shown. The WTRU may monitor the configured PDCCH during the ON duration period, and / or the WTRU may sleep (e.g., not monitor the PDCCH) during the OFF duration period. PDCCH may be used herein as a non-limiting example of a DL control channel.

[0082] The DRX cycle may be a cycle (eg, repeating or periodically repeating) having an ON duration and an OFF duration. The WTRU may monitor the PDCCH during the ON duration, and / or the WTRU may skip monitoring (eg, any) PDCCH during the OFF duration.

[0083] A DRX cycle may include a short DRX cycle and / or a long DRX cycle. The WTRU may use a short DRX cycle for a period of time and may use a long DRX cycle.

[0084] The DRX inactivity timer may determine or may be used to determine, for example, a time after a PDCCH opportunity (e.g., in terms of TTI duration). In a PDCCH opportunity, a PDCCH (e.g., a successfully decoded PDCCH) may indicate an uplink (UL) and / or DL ​​user data transmission (e.g., an initial UL and / or DL ​​user data transmission). The WTRU may use the DRX inactivity timer to determine when to go to the OFF duration.

[0085] The DRX ON duration may be the duration when the DRX cycle starts.

[0086] The DRX ON duration timer may determine or may be used to determine a number of PDCCH opportunities, such as a consecutive number of PDCCH opportunities. For example, after waking up from a DRX cycle and / or at the beginning of a DRX cycle, the PDCCH opportunity(s) may be or may need to be monitored and / or decoded (e.g., by the WTRU).

[0087] A PDCCH opportunity may include a time period that includes a PDCCH (eg, a symbol, a set of symbols, a time slot, and / or a subframe).

[0088] The DRX retransmission timer may determine or may be used to determine the number of PDCCH opportunities (e.g., the consecutive number of PDCCH opportunities), for example, to monitor when the WTRU expects a retransmission. The DRX retransmission timer may determine or may be used to determine the duration until a DL retransmission is received (e.g., the maximum duration) or the duration until a grant for an UL retransmission is received (e.g., the maximum duration).

[0089] A DRX short cycle may be a DRX cycle (e.g., the first DRX cycle) that the WTRU enters after the DRX inactivity timer expires. If (e.g., until) the DRX short cycle timer expires, the WTRU may be in a short DRX cycle. If the DRX short cycle timer expires, the WTRU may use a long DRX cycle.

[0090] The DRX short cycle timer may determine or may be used to determine the number of subframes (eg, the number of consecutive subframes) that the WTRU may follow the short DRX cycle after the DRX inactivity timer expires.

[0091] Figure 2A An example of ON duration and OFF duration with a DRX cycle is shown.

[0092] During the OFF duration, the WTRU may skip measuring or reporting channel state information (CSI) in the subframe. The subframe may be configured to measure and / or report CSI reports, such as periodic CSI reports.

[0093] The WTRU may monitor (e.g., may need to monitor) the PDCCH or PDCCH opportunity(s) during an active time. The active time may occur during an ON duration. The time may occur during an OFF duration. The active time may start during an ON duration and continue during an OFF duration. The active time and the active time of a DRX cycle may be used interchangeably herein.

[0094] The active time may include a time when one or more of the following is true: a DRX timer may be running (e.g., an ON duration timer, an inactivity timer, a retransmission timer (e.g., in DL and / or UL), or a random access contention resolution timer); a scheduling request may be sent (e.g., on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) and / or pending; after successfully receiving a random access response to a random access preamble (which was not selected by the WTRU's MAC entity in a contention-based random access preamble), a PDCCH indicating a different (e.g., new) transmission of a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) addressed to the MAC entity may not have been received.

[0095] A wake-up signal (WUS) / go-to-sleep signal (GOS) may be used. WUS and / or GOS may be used, for example, with DRX operation. WUS / GOS may be associated with one or more DRX cycles. WUS / GOS may be sent and / or received (sent / received) before an associated time and / or a portion of a DRX cycle (e.g., an associated DRX cycle).

[0096] Figure 2B An example of a WUS with DRX operation is shown. If the WTRU receives a WUS, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH during the ON duration of one or more DRX cycles. If the WTRU receives a GOS, the WTRU may skip monitoring the PDCCH during the ON duration of one or more DRX cycles and / or may remain (e.g., sleep) in a sleep mode (e.g., deep sleep).

[0097] A system or network may use WUS(s) and / or GOS(s).

[0098] Orthogonal on / off keying (OOK) may be used. There may be several ways to generate OOK symbols and / or coded OOK symbols. In an example, OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM implementation may be used to generate one or more OOK symbols. Figure 3 An example of OFDM-based OOK waveform generation using Manchester coding is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the sequences s and 0 can be used to generate one or more OOK ON and OFF symbols in the time domain, respectively. s can be an ON symbol generator sequence. The OOK symbol duration can be a fraction (e.g., half) of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol duration.

[0099] The inputs of DFT-s-OFDM can be orthogonal to each other in the time domain, for example, to enable detection (e.g., simple detection) at the receiver. For example, Manchester coding is used in time, x1 = (s1, 0) and x2 = (0, s1), s1 and s2 can be non-zero vectors of complex numbers with length M / 2. The time domain signal can be Figure 4 Shown in. Figure 4 An example of an OOK waveform utilizing Manchester encoding is shown.

[0100] In an example, a plurality of OOK symbols within an OFDM symbol duration (eg, one OFDM symbol duration) may be generated by utilizing the structure of DFT-s-OFDM. Figure 4 An exemplary OFDM-based OOK waveform generation using Manchester coding is shown. The input of the DFT-s-OFDM can be (eg, first) divided into K parts and can be divided into K parts according to the bits (eg, b i , where i = 1, 2, ..., K) and the sequence into the i-th corresponding part. For example, if b i = 1, the i-th corresponding part at the input of DFT-s-OFDM can be set to s i If b i ≠1, then it can be The output of the DFT-s-OFDM may be an oversampled version of the input to the DFT-s-OFDM, e.g., with a particular pulse shape (e.g., a Dirichlet sinc function without frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS)). Sub-time unit ON and OFF symbols may be generated at the output of the DFT-s-OFDM. This (e.g., simple) structure may allow orthogonality with other subcarriers. The structure may enable orthogonal transmission of other channels (e.g., a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)). Figure 5 An example of orthogonal OOK is shown.

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown, the first input of DFT-s-OFDM (e.g., M h ) and / or the last input (e.g., M t ) can be set to zero, for example, to improve shaping in the time domain. FDSS (e.g., in addition to and / or instead of) can be used, for example, to reduce the side lobes of the Dirichlet function. For example, by selecting The energy during the CP duration can be minimized. The out-of-band (OOB) emission characteristics of the wake-up signal can be improved. In an example, b i (where i=1, 2, ..., K) is set to multiple values ​​(e.g., certain fixed values) to generate reference symbols for channel estimation at a receiver. Multiple DFT-s-OFDM symbols (one or more) may be sent (e.g., back-to-back) for an OOK sequence (e.g., a larger OOK sequence).

[0102] Figure 6 An example of the time domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform is shown. Figure 6 One or more exemplary samples of a time domain signal at the output of an IDFT block are shown. Samples with detected energy (e.g., above a threshold) may correspond to a "1" bit at the input, and samples with little or no energy (e.g., energy below a threshold) may correspond to a "0" bit at the input, e.g., Figure 6 As described herein, the WTRU may detect ON / OFF bits (eg, ON / OFF bit patterns), for example, using energy detection. The WTRU may detect the sequence(s) associated with the OOK waveform. Figure 7 An example of the frequency domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform is shown. Figure 6 and / or Figure 7 In FIG. 1 , the time domain and / or frequency domain characteristics of orthogonal OOK can be shown for a 4 MHz signal. It can be assumed that the IDFT size N=4096 and M=22×12=264, and / or the impulse response of the FDSS filter can be [0.28 1 0.28] in time. h and / or M t Can be set to M h =2 and / or M t = 20, for example, to avoid energy during the CP duration. i , you can choose (e.g., randomly) a length M s = 11 Zadoff-Chu sequence. K = 22 OOK symbols can be sent in the time domain. Figure 6, for b = (1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1), the time domain characteristics of the signal generated after adding CP can be given. The sidelobes of the Dirichlet sinc function can be effectively suppressed by FDSS. The energy during the CP duration can be low (e.g., always very low, M t = 20). Good (e.g., excellent) OOB transmission can be achieved (e.g., Figure 7 ). The discontinuity between DFT-s-OFDM symbols can be low.

[0103] A WUS and / or GOS may be generated. A signal may be generated to include a WUS, a GOS, and / or some other signal. The generated signal described herein may include one or more of the following. By generating a signal (e.g., including a WUS, a GOS, and / or some other signal), if the WUS and / or GOS are demodulating, the WTRU may operate at a power lower than full power. For example, if the WUS and / or GOS are demodulating, the WTRU may not operate at full power (may not need to operate at full power) (e.g., a portion of the WTRU RF and / or baseband may still be turned off). Multiple access in the time domain, frequency domain, or code domain may be allowed. Accurate synchronization may be allowed. It may be allowed (e.g., in a signal generated to include a WUS, a GOS, and / or other signals as described herein) to carry information related to the WTRU ID or WTRU group ID (e.g., enriched information) and / or dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH) resource information during a power saving ON period.

[0104] A WUS / GOS with reduced interference (eg, interference-free WUS / GOS) may be used.

[0105] A format for wake-up control signal (WUCS) may be used.

[0106] The WUCS may include signals for controlling and / or configuring the behavior(s) of the WTRU(s) during the power save ON period. The WUCS may be used to control specified WTRUs (e.g., some or all WTRUs in a cell), for example, regarding when and / or how the WTRU wakes up if the WUCS signals the WTRU to wake up. The WUCS may signal the WTRU to continue sleeping (e.g., remain in a sleep state) and / or how long to remain asleep (e.g., length of time).

[0107] The WUCS frame may include one or more parts (e.g., three parts). The parts of the WUCS frame may include one or more of a synchronization signal, WUCS information, and / or a reference signal (RS). One or more of the parts may be generated and / or represented in the time domain. One or more of the parts may be generated and / or represented in the frequency domain. In an example, multiple parts may be generated and / or represented in a mixture of the time domain and the frequency domain (e.g., one or some parts generated / represented in the time domain and one or more other parts generated / represented in the frequency domain). Figure 8 An example of the frame format of WUCS is shown. Figure 8 As shown, the frame format of WUCS may include SYNC, WUCS information and RS. Figure 8 The WUCS information portion shown may have data indicated, for example, by bits and / or sequences. Figure 8 The SYNC portion shown can be used for synchronization. Figure 8 The RS portion shown may be used for a reference signal.

[0108] The WUCS parts can be used in different orders (e.g., cascaded). For example, Fig. 9 The WUCS message sequence shown may appear in Fig. 9 Different allocations of one or more of the portions before, after, and / or between the SYNC sequences shown may indicate specific information. Fig. 9 The relative allocation between one or more of the parts may be predetermined or blindly detected. Fig. 9 Examples of different options for SYNC and information subsequences are shown. Fig. 9 As shown, SYNC sequences and information fields (eg, to indicate specific information) in different temporal orders may be used.

[0109] A WUCS may be generated. The WUCS or a portion of the WUCS may be represented using a sequence and / or a symbol, for example, a time domain orthogonal on / off keying (OOK) sequence and / or an OOK symbol. An OOK sequence may include a sequence of 0s and 1s. An OOK symbol may indicate a corresponding signal in time (e.g., by a rectangular wave). In an example, a "0" may represent an "OFF" symbol, and a "1" may represent an "ON" symbol. The sequence may be represented as {b i , i=1,…,K}. K can be the number of OOK sequences that can be used for different purposes (eg, as described herein).

[0110] The OOK sequence and / or symbol may be further encoded. For example, the OOK sequence and / or symbol may map "0" and "1" to a binary sequence (e.g., another binary sequence). In Manchester encoding, bit "0" may be mapped to (0 1), and / or bit "1" may be mapped to (1 0). In an example, bit "0" and bit "1" may be mapped to different bit patterns, for example, (0 1 01 0 1) and (1 0 1 0 1 0), respectively. For example, if the WTRU receiver has this capability during the sleep duration, the OOK sequence and / or symbol may be received by using a non-coherent detector. The non-coherent detector may include an envelope detector and / or an energy detector.

[0111] OOK sequence and / or symbol (e.g., Figure 5 As shown in (b 1, b2,…,b K )) can be used by WTRU for synchronization.

[0112] The OOK sequence and / or symbol may be used as (e.g., to indicate) a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID, for example, which may occur if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to each other. For example, if there is a low or very low correlation between the OOK sequences and / or symbols, then the OOK sequence and / or symbol may be used as a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID.

[0113] For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to each other or have a low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used to distinguish the signals. For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to each other, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used to distinguish WUS from GOS. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols have a low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used to distinguish WUS from GOS. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to each other and / or have a low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used to distinguish any other signals that may control or signal the behavior of the WTRU in a power saving ON cycle. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to each other and / or have a low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used to distinguish any other signals that may control or signal the behavior of the WTRU in other power saving related mechanisms (e.g., different power saving cycles). A WUS symbol may be composed of a (0,1,0,1,…,0,1) sequence (e.g., only a (0,1,0,1,…,0,1) sequence). A GOS symbol may be constructed with a (1,0,1,0,…,1,0) sequence. Hadamard codes may be used for GOS and WUS signals. The WUS symbol may be predefined. For example, a (0,1,0,1,…,0,1) sequence may indicate a WUS symbol. If the WTRU receives a (0,1,0,1,…) sequence, the WTRU may wake up. A GOS symbol may be predefined. For example, a (1,0,1,0,…,1,0) sequence may indicate a GOS symbol. If the WTRU receives a (1,0,1,0,…,1,0) sequence, the WTRU may go into sleep. The Hadamard codes described herein may be examples that may be used to select a predefined sequence.

[0114] OOK sequence (for example, (b 1, b2,…,b K )) may include a SYNC subsequence. The SYNC subsequence may be predefined. The OOK sequence may include a subsequence (e.g., a separate subsequence or a subsequence in addition to the SYNC subsequence) for additional wake-up and / or WTRU / WTRU group information, which may include one or more RSs in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0115] One or more (e.g., predefined) sequences may be used for SYNC, wake-up information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID, and / or the like. SYNC, wake-up information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID described herein may be examples of information used for the sequence and may not be limited to SYNC, wake-up information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID.

[0116] SYNC (eg, SYNC field) and user multiplexing may be simultaneous.

[0117] An OOK symbol sequence or set of OOK symbols (e.g., coded or uncoded) may be used for SYNC (e.g., SYNC field). If a set of possible OOK sequences is used for SYNC (e.g., SYNC sequence), then (e.g., each) OOK sequence may be associated with a cell ID, a WTRU group ID, or a WTRU ID, which may enable cell-by-cell wake-up, group wake-up, or individual wake-up, respectively, in examples.

[0118] Sequence (for example, the sequence {s i}, which is used to generate the "ON" symbol during the OOK sequence of the SYNC sequence) can be used to represent one or more of the cell ID, WTRU group ID or WTRU ID. Some sequences can be used as one or more RS, such as for the sequence {s i} coherent detection.

[0119] In an example, OOK symbol generation using DFT-s-OFDM can allow for the sequence s i The sequence s i May be used to carry information (e.g., information related to WTRU power saving) and / or to achieve simultaneous SYNC in time (e.g., Fig.10 These sequences s i Can be used to multiplex different WTRUs (e.g., by using different sequences) and / or to achieve simultaneous SYNC in time (e.g., as Fig.10 SYNC sequence(s) may be based on the cell ID. The SYNC sequence(s) may indicate GOS and / or WUS. For a WTRU ID, orthogonal s i The Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used to wake up and / or sleep the intended WTRU. The Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used by different WTRUs, for example, to improve detection, such as for sequence s iThe Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used, for example, for different WTRUs to convey information related to a WTRU ID or a WTRU Group ID. The Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used, for example, for different WTRUs to convey information related to whether the WTRU should be awakened and / or should remain dormant during a WTRU power save ON or OFF period. The Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used, for example, for different WTRUs to convey information related to PDCCH allocations in time and / or frequency during a power save ON period.

[0120] For example, if the WTRU uses coherent detection, some sequence s i Can be used as RS(s). RS can be inserted in the frequency domain. Fig.10 Schematic diagram of simultaneous SYNC transmission and WTRU multiplexing.

[0121] A WUCS information field may be used. The WUCS information field may be presented using an OOK sequence. Some of the OOK sequences may represent certain information, such as WUS and / or GOS. A sequence of "ON" symbols for generating an OOK signal (e.g., an OOK waveform) {s i} may carry other information (e.g., other additional information). For example, if the OOK sequence means "wake up in the next power saving ON duration to check DPCCH", then the sequence of ON symbols (one or more) used to generate the OOK waveform {s i} may carry information about the location of the PDCCH (eg, in time-frequency resources). The sequence {s i} may carry other information (e.g., cell ID, WTRU and / or WTRU group ID). The SYNC frame may carry such information. For example, for some of the "ON" OOK symbols / durations, some of these sequences may be used as one or more RSs.

[0122] In an example, the SYNC sequence may include multiple OOK waveforms. The information subsequence (e.g., field) may include multiple OFDM symbols. Some sequences and / or modulation symbols (e.g., Fig.11The multiple OFDM symbols are modulated using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) as shown. The receiver may demodulate the OFDM waveform(s) to receive additional information related to the WUS, GOS, and / or any other power saving related information, for example, after the receiver implements SYNC with the OOK sequence. The OFDM waveform(s) (e.g., OFDM symbols) may include sequence(s) and / or reference symbols related to the WUS and / or GOS, for example, for one or more WTRUs. The WTRUs may be multiplexed on the same subcarrier, for example, by using orthogonal sequences. The orthogonal sequences may be generated by using cyclic shifts of a time domain signal (e.g., a single mode sequence in frequency). The SYNC sequence may be a function of the cell ID and the WTRU ID or WTRU group ID, for example, to reduce interference. Fig.11 An example of using OOK and OFDM transmission(s) for WUS / GOS is shown.

[0123] One or more reference signals may be added to the WUCS(s). Additional RS(s) may be added to the WUCS(s). The RS(s) may be presented in the time domain, for example, as an input to a DFT of a DFT-s-OFDM operation. The RS(s) may be presented in the frequency domain, for example, as an input to a DFT of an OFDM operation. The RS(s) may be used to implement the sequence {s i} for more relevant detection.

[0124] A receiving implementation can be used. A receiving implementation can include Fig.12 One or more of the features shown in and / or described herein.

[0125] It may be assumed that the WUS / GOS includes SYNC and / or WTRU / WTRU group ID in a time domain OOK format. It may be assumed that the WUS / GOS includes PDCCH resource allocation information, for example, in a sequence used to generate an OOK waveform. A receive implementation (e.g., similar to Fig.12 Implementation shown in ). Fig.12 An example reception implementation at a WTRU is shown.

[0126] OOK waveform enhancement can be performed.

[0127] OOK randomization can be used, for example, for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0128] DFT-s-OFDM (e.g., Figure 5The sequences on different parts of the input of a DFT-s-OFDM (as shown in ) may be different from each other. The sequences on different parts of the input of a DFT-s-OFDM may be different from each other to randomize the signal (e.g., increase the randomness of the signal). The sequences on different parts of the input of a DFT-s-OFDM may be different from each other to avoid high power spectral density on specific frequency tones (one or more) in the spectrum. For example, different roots of a Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used at different parts of the input of a DFT-s-OFDM. Different roots of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be selected based on a pseudo-random number (e.g., a linear feedback shift register). In an example, cyclically shifted versions of the Zadoff-Chu sequence (one or more) may be used at different parts. The selection of the sequence may be a function of the WTRU index and / or a parameter (one or more) related to the cell ID.

[0129] OOK symbols utilizing OFDM symbols having multiple subcarrier spacing values ​​may be used, for example, for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0130] In an example, the OOK symbol can be generated by using an OFDM symbol with a high (e.g., higher) subcarrier spacing (e.g., shorter OFDM symbol duration), e.g., 30 kHz or 60 kHz. A bit "1" can be encoded with the presence of the OFDM symbol (one or more). For a bit "0", the absence of the OFDM symbol (one or more) (e.g., nothing) can be sent.

[0131] The unified OOK symbols for mask-based OOK may be used, for example, for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0132] In an example, the OFDM symbol may be generated and (eg, then) masked (eg, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 The OOK signal may be further processed. For example, the OOK signal may be filtered.

[0133] A sequence y of length M (Mx1) Loaded into a set of interleaved subcarriers in a predetermined frequency band, such as a channel. For example, in an interleaved allocation, zeros may be mapped to subcarriers between two subcarriers loaded with coefficients from a sequence. The number of zeros may be (L-1). L may be referred to as an interleaving factor.

[0134] The output of the IDFT may have a repeating structure (e.g., having the type of allocation described herein). The output of the IDFT may include repetitions of the time domain signal. Fig.13In , a signal that repeats itself may be represented by a vector x. The number of repetitions of the signal may be equal to L. The vector x and the sequence y may be related by IDFT, for example up to a scaling factor of: x=IDFT(y) / L.

[0135] Some (eg, each) of the repeated signals may be masked to create an OOK signal. Fig.13 As shown, each x can be masked. For example, each x can be multiplied by 1 (ON) or 0 (OFF) to generate an OOK signal. The ON and OFF signals can be generated by masking the OFDM symbols with integer pairs other than 1 and 0.

[0136] For example, once an OFDM signal is received, such as Figure 6 , 10 As shown in Figures 1 and 15, the WTRU may detect ON and OFF bits and / or ON and OFF bit patterns. The WTRU may detect ON and OFF bits and / or bit patterns, which provide a first level of information. For example, the WTRU may detect ON and OFF bits / bit patterns, for example, by using energy detection. If the detected energy is above a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured threshold), the WTRU may detect an ON bit (e.g., as Figure 6 , 10 and / or 15). If the detected energy is below a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured threshold), the WTRU may detect an OFF bit (e.g., as shown in Figure 6 , 10 and / or 15). Figure 6 , 10 As shown in and / or 15, the WTRU may detect the ON / OFF bit pattern using energy detection, for example. The bit pattern may be or may include binary digits, such as (1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 0 0 1), such as Figure 6 15. The detected bit pattern may carry information (e.g., first level information). For example, the bit pattern may be or may include an indication to the WTRU (e.g., and / or a group of WTRUs) to wake up from a sleep state (e.g., a WUS). The bit pattern may be or may include an indication to the WTRU (e.g., and / or a group of WTRUs) to maintain a sleep state (e.g., a GOS).

[0137] If a WTRU (e.g., a WTRU and / or a WTRU group) wakes up from a dormant state, the WTRU may detect sequence(s) (e.g., sequence(s) may refer to one or more sequences, a set of sequences, a plurality of sets of sequences, an order of sequences, etc.), such as x and / or y as described herein or as Figure 6 ,10 and / or the sequence(s) shown in 15 {s i},. The sequence(s) may carry information (e.g., second level information). For example, the sequence(s) may carry a WTRU group ID and / or a WTRU ID. The sequence(s) may include information about upcoming PDCCH resources (e.g., the location of the PDCCH). The WTRU may detect the sequence(s), such as sequence x and / or y as described herein, or Figure 6 , 10 and / or the sequence (one or more) shown in 15, which provides the second level of information described herein.

[0138] The ON / OFF bit and sequence(s) may be used (e.g., used jointly) to convey information to the WTRU. For example, the ON / OFF bit / bit pattern may provide a first level of information (e.g., waking up a WTRU or WTRU group from a sleep state or maintaining a sleep state for a WTRU or WTRU group). The sequence(s) (e.g., one or more sequences, a set of sequences, a plurality of sets of sequences, a sequence order) may provide a second level of information. For example, the sequence(s) may be or may include information about upcoming PDCCH resources, a WTRU ID, or a WTRU group ID, etc. If the sequence(s) matches a preconfigured pattern, the WTRU may decode the second level of information.

[0139] Example embodiments of a WTRU or a group of WTRUs may include one or more of the following. The WTRU may receive an OFDM signal. The WTRU may detect an ON / OFF bit associated with the OFDM signal, for example using energy detection as described herein. The WTRU may store the received OFDM signal. If the detected ON / OFF bit matches a preconfigured bit pattern, the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the detected ON / OFF bit does not match the preconfigured bit pattern, the WTRU may maintain the sleep state. As described herein, the detected ON / OFF bit may provide a first level of information. The WTRU may detect / decode a sequence (one or more) associated with the stored OFDM signal. As described herein, the detected sequence (one or more) may provide a second level of information. If the sequence (one or more) associated with the stored OFDM signal matches the preconfigured sequence (one or more), the WTRU may perform a specified action.

[0140] The WTRU may be configured to perform a first specific action if the WTRU receives a specific bit pattern of ON / OFF bits. The WTRU may be configured to perform a second specific action if the WTRU receives a specific sequence(s), such as a sequence(s) that matches a stored / preconfigured sequence(s). Figure 6 , 10 As shown in and / or 15, the bit pattern may be a series of binary digits. Figure 6 , 10 As shown in and / or 15, the sequence(s) may be determined based on the OFDM signal, for example, by applying reception processing such as DFT, equalization, IDFT and / or channel estimation. .

[0141] Upon receiving an OFDM signal, the WTRU may determine the pattern of received ON / OFF bits and the received sequence(s) associated with the OFDM signal. In an example, if the received pattern of ON / OFF bits and the received sequence(s) match the configured pattern of ON / OFF bits and the configured sequence(s), the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the received ON / OFF bit pattern and / or the received sequence(s) associated with the OFDM signal do not match the configured ON / OFF bit pattern and the configured sequence(s), the WTRU may continue in the sleep state (e.g., maintain the sleep state) or may perform another configured action.

[0142] The ON / OFF bit may be targeted to a group of WTRUs. For example, the ON / OFF bit / bit pattern may be WTRU group specific. The sequence(s) may be WTRU specific. For example, if the ON / OFF bit / bit pattern matches a preconfigured ON / OFF bit / bit pattern for a WTRU group, the WTRUs in the group may wake up and / or continue detecting the sequence(s). If the detected sequence(s) matches a stored / preconfigured sequence(s) for a WTRU in the WTRU group, the WTRU in the WTRU group may, for example, wake up from a sleep state. In an example, the ON / OFF bit pattern may be used as a WTRU specific indication, and the sequence(s) may be configured as a WTRU group specific indication. In an example, the ON / OFF bit pattern and the sequence(s) may be used in conjunction to indicate different sets of WTRUs in a cell, for example to perform a specific task.

[0143] The OFDM signal may have a repeating structure. A receiving WTRU may use a signal with a repeating structure (e.g., an OFDM signal) for synchronization. The OFDM signal may be sent more than once, for example, to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). For example, the OFDM signal may be repeated (e.g., at least twice) within a time slot.

[0144] In an example, the sequence y may be multiplexed with a known reference signal, for example, before being mapped to an interleaved set of subcarriers. For example, the output of the multiplexer may be or may include (y0, y1, r0, y2, y3, r1, ...). r = [r0, r1, ..., r K ] may be a reference signal of length K symbols. Some (e.g., each) symbols may be or may include QPSK modulation symbols. The output of the multiplexer may be mapped to the interleaved set of subcarriers. If an OOK signal is received (e.g., when an OOK signal is received), the WTRU may use the reference signal to perform channel estimation. The WTRU may use the channel estimation to detect the sequence y.

[0145] In an example, if the received SINR is low (e.g., below a certain value), the WTRU may skip using (e.g., not using) the information carried by the sequence. In an example, the WTRU may be configured to ignore the estimated / detected sequence and / or not attempt to estimate / detect the sequence.

[0146] In an example, y may include coded and / or modulated information bits. For example, k information bits may be encoded with a channel encoder and / or modulated with QPSK modulation. The coded bits may have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The CRC may be scrambled with a specific radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). The information bits may be used to transmit information to a WTRU or a WTRU group. For example, the information may be or may include one or more of a WTRU ID, a WTRU group ID, information associated with a PDCCH, and / or similar information. The WTRU(s) may access the information. The WTRU(s) may detect (e.g., first detect) an ON / OFF bit. If the WTRU(s) detect an ON / OFF bit, the WTRU(s) may determine to further continue detecting the information bits. Fig.13 An example of masking-based OOK generation is shown.

[0147] Beam-based OOK may be used, for example, for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0148] A beam-based OOK signal may be generated for WUS / GOS, for example, one or more of the following may be applied: OFDM symbols may be generated. A time-domain OFDM signal may be beamformed to one or more spatial directions, for example, within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol or a duration of an OFDM symbol. Fig.14 An example of beam-based OOK generation is shown. Fig.14 The example shown can be used for WUS / GOS using a beamformer. Fig.14 In the example shown, different K parts of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be beamformed with K different beams.

[0149] The K parts in the DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be orthogonal and / or non-overlapping in the time domain. The time length of (e.g., each) part within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be the same. The time length of (e.g., each) part within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be different.

[0150] The number of beams may be equal to or less than the number of parts. The number of parts associated with a beam may be determined, configured, and / or used based on one or more of the following: k parts may be contiguous or distributed within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol (e.g., assuming k parts may be associated with a beam); k may be determined based on the number of Tx beams and / or Rx beams used; k may be determined based on at least one of the following: the number of Tx beams and / or Rx beams, the number of parts, and / or the number of DFT-s-OFDM symbols used for beam-based OOK WUS / GOS transmissions.

[0151] The one or more components associated with a beam may include at least one of: control information to be monitored associated with the beam (e.g., PDCCH); data information associated with the beam (e.g., PDSCH); A beam reference signal (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH / PDSCH and / or SYNC, a CSI-RS and / or a synchronization signal block (SSB), and / or RS) associated with a predefined sequence (e.g., as described herein).

[0152] One or more portions associated with a beam may include control information associated with the beam to be monitored (eg, PDCCH). Beam-specific control information may be sent in one or more portions associated with the beam.

[0153] One or more portions associated with a beam may include beam reference signals (e.g., DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH / and / or SYNC, SSB and / or CSI-RS, and / or RS of WCSG). The beam reference signals may be associated with a predefined sequence represented as (e.g., as described herein). A set of sequences may be used, configured, and / or predefined. One of the sequences may be selected and / or determined based on the beam identity and / or beam index. The WTRU may detect (e.g., blindly detect) the sequence for the beam reference signal and / or identify the beam index. The WTRU may select and / or report a beam index (e.g., a preferred beam index) based on, for example, measurements of the beam reference signal and / or the detected beam index. The preferred beam index may be, for example, the beam index that provides high (e.g., the highest) received signal strength (e.g., L1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP), L1 reference signal received quality (L1-RSRQ), or L1-SINR).

[0154] The sequence(s) in one or more portions of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol may include beam-related information (e.g., beam index and / or panel identifier (ID)).

[0155] The beam reference signal (BRS) may be transmitted in one or more portions. The BRS sequence length may be determined based on the number of portions used for beam reference signal transmission. For example, if the BRS is transmitted on K1 portions, a first BRS sequence length may be used, and if the BRS is transmitted on K2 portions, a second BRS sequence length may be used. For example, if K1 < K2, the first BRS sequence length may be shorter than the second BRS sequence length. If a wider beamwidth is used, a longer BRS sequence length may be used.

[0156] The input signal s is segmented into multiple portions, s = [s1 s2 … s K 1×M . Each s i may have the same or different lengths. For example, each s i may start and / or end with a number of zero elements to allow for transitions from one beam to another. For example, it may be where is a non-zero vector. One or more of the following may be applied. The number of zero elements in a portion (e.g., each portion) of the input signal (s i ) may be determined based on the number of bits transmitted in each portion of the input signal. The number of zero elements in a portion (e.g., each portion) of the input signal may be configured and / or indicated by the transmitter. The zero elements may not be used for a portion of the input signal (s​i ), for example, one or more portions of the input signal may be based on one or more (e.g., all) zero elements. For example, an even-numbered portion of the input signal may be based on one or more (e.g., all) non-zero elements. An odd-numbered portion of the input signal may be based on one or more (e.g., all) zero elements. An odd-numbered portion may be used as a gap. A reference signal and / or data may be present in a non-zero vector σ in (e.g., each) portion of the input signal. i For example, one or more non-zero elements (e.g., σ1, σ2) can be used as reference signals, and the remaining non-zero elements (e.g., σ3, ..., ) can be used as data transmission (for example, the data can be control information or unicast service information). In the example, the vector s i The K parts may be the same to assist other system functions (e.g., channel detection and / or synchronization, etc.) and / or carry some system information (e.g., cell ID, number of TX antennas, system frame number, subframe number, time slot number, mini-time slot number, channel or service type, etc.). In the example, the vector σ i A flag (e.g., a unique flag) may be carried to indicate the identity of the transmit beam to a receiver, e.g., to facilitate beam pairing and / or beam selection processes. i A combination of an identity (eg, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID, panel ID, or cell ID, etc.) and some common information across the K parts may be carried.

[0157] As stated in this article, Fig.15 For example, together with Figure 5 , 6 10 shows an example OOK WUS using energy detection and sequence detection associated with an OFDM signal. For example, the WTRU may use energy detection to detect ON / OFF bits / bit patterns (e.g., Figure 5 , 6 and / or 10). The ON / OFF bits / bit patterns associated with the OFDM signal may provide a first level of information (e.g., Figure 6 10). The ON / OFF bit / bit pattern may indicate that a WTRU or a WTRU group is awake from a sleep state and may indicate that another WTRU and / or another WTRU group is in a sleep state, as described herein. If a WTRU or a WTRU group is awakened from a sleep state, the WTRU or WTRU group may detect a sequence (one or more) associated with an OFDM signal (e.g., Figure 6 and / or Fig.10). The detected sequence(s) may include second level information. For example, the sequence(s) may include group ID(s). The sequence(s) may include information about upcoming PDCCH resource information. The sequence(s) may be used as a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal.

[0158] In an example, the approaches and implementations described herein may be applied to NR, for example, in NR licensed spectrum, in NR unlicensed spectrum, and / or in other scenarios.

[0159] Although features and elements of the invention are described in particular combinations in preferred embodiments, each feature or element may be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiment, or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the invention.

[0160] Although the solutions described herein consider LTE, LTE-A, New Radio (NR) or 5G specific protocols, it is to be understood that the solutions described herein are not limited to such scenarios and may also be applied to other wireless systems.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU comprising: A processor configured to: receiving a signal from a base station while the WTRU is in a dormant state; detecting first level information indicated via the signal, wherein the first level information comprises a bit pattern indicated by the signal; Based on the first level information, determining to switch from the dormant state to the awake state; as well as The signal is decoded and second level information associated with the signal is determined.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the signal is an on / off keying (OOK) signal, and the OOK signal comprises a set of OOK symbols using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol set.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein detecting the first level information comprises: The processor is configured to: Energy detection is used to detect the set of on and off bits.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to transition from the sleep state to the wake state based on a determination that the bit pattern matches a configured bit pattern.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to: Based on determining a transition from the sleep state to the wake state, detecting the second level information indicated by the signal, wherein the second level information includes a sequence associated with the bit pattern, wherein the second level information is different from the first level information, and wherein the second level information includes at least one of a WTRU group ID or a WTRU ID.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to: determining whether the sequence matches a configured sequence; and Based on determining that the sequence matches the configured sequence, determining that the signal is directed to the WTRU based on the WTRU group ID or the WTRU ID matching the WTRU.

7. A WTRU according to claim 5, wherein the sequence includes a first sequence, a second sequence and a third sequence, wherein the bit pattern includes a first bit, a second bit and a third bit, wherein the value of the first bit is one, the value of the second bit is one, and the value of the third bit is zero, and wherein the first sequence associated with the first bit includes a first sequence of non-zero values, the second sequence associated with the second bit includes a second sequence of non-zero values, and the third sequence associated with the third bit includes a sequence of zero values.

8. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are different.

9. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are identical.

10. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the second level information comprises information associated with a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource location, and wherein the processor is configured to: determining whether the sequence matches a configured sequence; and Based on determining that the sequence matches the configured sequence, PDCCH resources are monitored based on the PDCCH resource location.

11. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to: determining that the bit pattern matches a configured bit pattern; and Based on determining that the bit pattern does not match the configured bit pattern, maintaining the sleep state.

12. A method comprising: receiving a signal from a base station while a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is in a dormant state; detecting first level information indicated via the signal, wherein the first level information comprises a bit pattern indicated by the signal; Based on the first level information, determining to switch from the dormant state to the awake state; as well as The signal is decoded and second level information associated with the signal is determined.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The signal is an on / off keying (OOK) signal, and the OOK signal includes an OOK symbol set using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol set.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein detecting the first level information comprises: Energy detection is used to detect the on-off bit sets.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method comprises: Based on determining a transition from the sleep state to the wake state, detecting the second level information indicated by the signal, wherein the second level information includes a sequence associated with the bit pattern, wherein the second level information is different from the first level information, and wherein the second level information includes one or more of a WTRU group ID or a WTRU ID.

16. The method according to claim 15, comprising: determining whether the sequence matches the configured sequence; as well as Based on determining that the sequence matches the configured sequence, determining that the signal is directed to the WTRU based on the WTRU group ID or the WTRU ID matching the WTRU.

17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the sequence includes a first sequence, a second sequence and a third sequence, wherein the bit pattern includes a first bit, a second bit and a third bit, wherein the value of the first bit is one, the value of the second bit is one, and the value of the third bit is zero, and wherein the first sequence associated with the first bit includes a first sequence of non-zero values, the second sequence associated with the second bit includes a second sequence of non-zero values, and the third sequence associated with the third bit includes a sequence of zero values. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are different.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are identical.

20. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The second level information comprises information associated with a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource location, and wherein the method comprises: determining whether the sequence matches a configured sequence; and Based on determining that the sequence matches the configured sequence, PDCCH resources are monitored based on the PDCCH resource location.

21. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU comprising: A processor configured to: determining a first number of portions for beam reference signal transmission and a second number of portions for said beam reference signal transmission; determining a first beam reference signal sequence length based on the first number of portions used for the beam reference signal transmission; determining a second beam reference signal sequence length based on the second number of portions used for the beam reference signal transmission; as well as A first portion of a beam reference signal is sent using the first beam reference signal sequence length, and a second portion of the beam reference signal is sent using the second beam reference signal sequence length.

22. The WTRU of claim 21, wherein the first beam reference signal sequence length is shorter than the second beam reference signal sequence length.

23. A method comprising: determining a first number of portions for beam reference signal transmission and a second number of portions for said beam reference signal transmission; determining a first number of portions for beam reference signal transmission, and determining a first beam reference signal sequence length; determining a second beam reference signal sequence length based on the second number of portions used for the beam reference signal transmission; as well as A first portion of a beam reference signal is sent using the first beam reference signal sequence length, and a second portion of the beam reference signal is sent using the second beam reference signal sequence length.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein: The first beam reference signal sequence length is shorter than the second beam reference signal sequence length.

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