Photovoltaic module

Abstract

This application relates to a photovoltaic module, which includes a cover plate, an identification code, an encapsulating film, a substrate, and photovoltaic cells. The cover plate and the encapsulating film are stacked, with the substrate sandwiched between them. The projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cells in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The identification code is located between the cover plate and the substrate. The cover plate is transparent, allowing the location of the identification code to be easily observed from the outside of the photovoltaic module, and the identification code to be easily scanned by electronic devices from the outside of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the substrate can serve as a background layer to help clearly display the shape and color of the identification code, facilitating rapid scanning of the identification code by electronic devices, thereby enabling rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module by electronic devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules include an identification code, which is used by electronic devices to read product information about the photovoltaic module. However, the identification code is easily obstructed by other parts inside the photovoltaic module, making it difficult for electronic devices to scan the code and thus hindering the rapid reading of product information about the photovoltaic module. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides a photovoltaic module that allows electronic devices to quickly scan the identification code of the photovoltaic module, thereby facilitating the rapid reading of product information about the photovoltaic module by the electronic devices.

[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a cover plate, an identification code, an encapsulant film, a substrate, and photovoltaic cells. The cover plate and the encapsulant film are stacked, and the substrate is sandwiched between the cover plate and the encapsulant film. The projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cells in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The identification code is located between the cover plate and the substrate.

[0005] Optionally, the portion of the substrate near the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflection layer.

[0006] Optionally, the cover plate is provided with a recess, and the identification code is provided on the inner wall surface of the recess; at least a portion of the structure of the substrate is located in the recess.

[0007] Optionally, the portion of the substrate away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a reflective layer.

[0008] Optionally, the surface of the reflective layer that is away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a curved portion; and / or, the surface of the reflective layer that is away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a planar portion, the planar portion having an acute angle with the thickness direction.

[0009] Optionally, the surface of the reflective layer away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a textured surface.

[0010] Optionally, the photovoltaic module also includes a busbar located on the side of the substrate opposite to the corresponding identification code, and the busbar is spaced apart from the substrate; the surface of the busbar facing the substrate includes a textured surface.

[0011] Optionally, the projection range of the busbar in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located within the projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0012] Optionally, the substrate and the photovoltaic cell have a set spacing distance d, which satisfies 1mm≤d≤6mm.

[0013] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes a front cover and a back cover, with an encapsulant film located between the front and back cover. The photovoltaic module also includes a front substrate and a front identification code. The front substrate is sandwiched between the front cover and the encapsulant film, and its projection along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located around the perimeter of the front cover. The front identification code is located between the front cover and the front substrate. The front cover is transparent, allowing the location of the front identification code to be easily observed from the outside of the photovoltaic module, and enabling easy scanning of the code using electronic devices from the outside of the module, thus facilitating rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module by electronic devices. Furthermore, the front substrate can serve as a background layer to help clearly display the shape and color of the front identification code, facilitating rapid scanning of the code by electronic devices, thereby facilitating rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module by electronic devices.

[0014] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes a front cover and a back cover, with an encapsulant film located between the front and back covers. The photovoltaic module also includes a back substrate and a back identification code. The back substrate is sandwiched between the back cover and the encapsulant film, and its projection along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located around the back cover. The back identification code is located between the back cover and the back substrate. The back cover can also be transparent, allowing the location of the back identification code to be easily observed from the outside of the photovoltaic module, and facilitating easy scanning of the back identification code using electronic equipment from the outside of the photovoltaic module, thereby enabling rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the back substrate can serve as a background layer to help clearly display the shape and color of the back identification code, facilitating rapid scanning of the back identification code by electronic equipment, thereby enabling rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module by electronic equipment.

[0015] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module provided in this application in a specific embodiment;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate laminate in one specific embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3a This is a partial structural diagram of the front cover, front identification code, front substrate, and front adhesive film in one specific embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3b for Figure 1 A top view of a photovoltaic module;

[0021] Figure 4a This is a partial structural diagram of the back cover, back identification code, back substrate, and back adhesive film in one specific embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4b for Figure 1 A bottom view of a photovoltaic module;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the front cover in another specific embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the back cover in another specific embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front substrate in one specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the antireflection layer on the front substrate in one specific embodiment;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the front substrate in another specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the back substrate in one specific embodiment;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the antireflection layer on the back substrate in one specific embodiment;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the back substrate in another specific embodiment;

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the light path between the curved surface of the reflective layer on the front substrate and the photovoltaic cell.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path between the curved surface of the reflective layer on the back substrate and the photovoltaic cell.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path between the planar portion of the reflective layer on the front substrate and the photovoltaic cell.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path between the planar portion of the reflective layer on the back substrate and the photovoltaic cell;

[0035] Figure 17 This is a partial structural diagram of the laminate in one specific embodiment;

[0036] Figure 18 This is a partial structural diagram of the velvet surface in one specific embodiment;

[0037] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment, wherein the photovoltaic cell is a back-contact photovoltaic cell;

[0038] Figure 20 for Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly viewed from below.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 10- Photovoltaic modules;

[0041] 1-Laminated components;

[0042] 11-Front cover;

[0043] 111 - First recessed portion;

[0044] 12- Front adhesive film;

[0045] 13-Solar cell assembly;

[0046] 131 - Photovoltaic cells;

[0047] 132 - Welding strip;

[0048] 133 - Busbar;

[0049] 14- Backing adhesive film;

[0050] 15 - Back cover;

[0051] 151 - Second recess;

[0052] 16a - Front substrate;

[0053] 16b - Backside substrate;

[0054] 161 - Antireflective layer;

[0055] 161a - First layer;

[0056] 161b - Second layer;

[0057] 161c - Third layer;

[0058] 162 - Reflective layer;

[0059] 163 - Grassroots;

[0060] 164-curved face;

[0061] 165 - Planar part;

[0062] 17a - Front identification code;

[0063] 17b - Rear Identification Code;

[0064] 2-Border. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0068] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0069] This application provides a photovoltaic module; please refer to the embodiments provided. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 10 may include a laminate 1 and a frame 2, with the frame 2 mounted on the edge of the laminate 1. Generally, the shape of the laminate 1 includes a rectangle, and the structure of the frame 2 includes a rectangular frame structure.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the laminate 1 includes a front cover plate 11, a front adhesive film 12, a battery cell assembly 13, a back adhesive film 14, and a back cover plate 15 stacked together.

[0071] The material of the front cover plate 11 may include transparent materials, such as glass, specifically ultra-clear patterned tempered glass, coated glass, chemically tempered glass, or plexiglass. The material of the front encapsulant film 12 may include a polymeric heat-melting film material, specifically including at least one of EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolumer) film, POE (Polyolefin elastomer) film, and PVB (Polyvinyl butyral) film. Similarly, the material of the back encapsulant film 14 can refer to the material of the front encapsulant film 12 described above, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the laminate 1 is a stacked part before the lamination process. The front encapsulant film and the back encapsulant film in the stacked part are not connected. Due to the high temperature in the lamination process, the local structures of the front encapsulant film and the back encapsulant film melt. After cooling, the local structures of the front encapsulant film 12 and the back encapsulant film 14 in the laminate 1 are integrally connected. Accordingly, at least a part of the structure of the battery cell assembly 13 can be considered to be located within the structure of the encapsulant film. The solar cell assembly 13 may include photovoltaic cells 131, solder ribbons 132, and busbars 133. At least two photovoltaic cells 131 are connected by solder ribbons 132 to form a cell string, and the solder ribbons 132 of at least two cell strings are connected by busbars 133. The photovoltaic cells 131 can generate current under illumination, and the current can be transmitted to the busbars 133 via the solder ribbons 132. The busbars 133 are used to transmit the current to the inverter of the photovoltaic assembly, and the inverter is used to convert the current into the current required by the external circuit. The material of the back cover 15 may include a transparent material or an opaque material. If the material of the back cover 15 includes a transparent material, the transparent material of the back cover 15 can refer to the transparent material of the front cover 11 described above, and will not be repeated here. If the material of the back cover 15 includes an opaque material, the opaque material may include plastic. If both the front cover plate 11 and the back cover plate 15 of the photovoltaic module 10 are made of glass, then the photovoltaic module 10 can be called a double-glass module. If the front cover plate 11 of the photovoltaic module 10 is made of glass and the back cover plate 15 of the photovoltaic module 10 is made of plastic, then the photovoltaic module 10 can be called a single-glass module.

[0072] The photovoltaic module of this application embodiment may further include an identification code and a substrate. The substrate is sandwiched between a cover plate and an encapsulant film. The projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cells in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The identification code is located between the cover plate and the substrate. Accordingly, the identification code and the substrate may also be classified as laminates.

[0073] Identification codes can include barcodes, QR codes, and other codes that can be scanned by electronic devices to retrieve information, which may include text, numbers, images, and links. For photovoltaic modules, the identified information mainly includes product information such as time information, model information, material information, and size information.

[0074] The following sections of this article will describe embodiments involving identification codes and substrates for both double-glass and single-glass modules.

[0075] If the photovoltaic module is a double-glass module, please refer to... Figure 2 As shown, the laminate 1 may include a front substrate 16a and a front identification code (not shown in the figure due to its thinness). The front substrate 16a is sandwiched between the front cover plate 11 and the front encapsulant film 12, and the projection range of the front substrate 16a in the thickness direction (parallel to direction Z) is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cell 131 in the thickness direction. Please refer to... Figure 3a As shown, the front identification code 17a is located between the front substrate 16a and the front cover plate 11. As can be seen from the above, since the front cover plate 11 is transparent, please refer to... Figure 3b As shown, the location of the front identification code 17a can be easily observed on the outside of the photovoltaic module 10, and the front identification code 17a can be easily scanned by electronic devices on the outside of the photovoltaic module 10, thereby facilitating the electronic devices to quickly read product information about the photovoltaic module 10. Furthermore, the front substrate 16a can serve as a background layer to help clearly display the shape and color of the front identification code 17a, facilitating the electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby facilitating the electronic devices to quickly read product information about the photovoltaic module.

[0076] The front identification code 17a can be disposed on the surface of the front cover plate 11 or the surface of the front substrate 16a, and can be formed using inkjet printing, laser printing, or other printing technologies. The front identification code 17a can also be formed on a transparent film, with the transparent film including the front identification code 17a located between the front substrate 16a and the front cover plate 11. The following content mainly describes the front identification code 17a using the example of it being printed on the front cover plate 11.

[0077] If the photovoltaic module is a double-glass module, please refer to... Figure 2 As shown, the laminate 1 may include a back substrate 16b and a back identification code (not shown due to its thinness). The back substrate 16b is sandwiched between the back cover plate 15 and the back adhesive film 14, and the projection range of the back substrate 16b in the thickness direction (parallel to direction Z) is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cell 131 in the thickness direction. Please refer to... Figure 4aAs shown, the back identification code 17b is located between the back substrate 16b and the back cover plate 15. As can be seen from the above, since the back cover plate 15 can also be transparent, please refer to... Figure 4b As shown, the location of the rear identification code 17b can be easily observed from the outside of the photovoltaic module 10, and the rear identification code 17b can be easily scanned by electronic devices from the outside of the photovoltaic module 10, thereby facilitating the rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the rear substrate 16b can serve as a background layer to help clearly display the shape and color of the rear identification code 17b, facilitating the rapid scanning of the rear identification code 17b by electronic devices, thereby facilitating the rapid retrieval of product information about the photovoltaic module by electronic devices.

[0078] The back identification code 17b can be disposed on the surface of the back cover plate 15 or the back substrate 16b, and can be formed using inkjet printing, laser printing, or other printing technologies. The back identification code 17b can also be formed on a transparent film, and the transparent film including the back identification code 17b can be located between the back substrate 16b and the back cover plate 15. The following content mainly describes the back identification code 17b using the example of it being printed on the back cover plate 15.

[0079] It should be noted that the distinction between "front" and "back" in this article is primarily based on the light-receiving side and the back-lighting side of the photovoltaic cell. The light-receiving side of a photovoltaic cell refers to the side directly exposed to sunlight. Correspondingly, the encapsulant film on the light-receiving side is the front encapsulant film, the cover plate on the light-receiving side is the front cover plate, the identification code on the light-receiving side is the front identification code, and the substrate on the light-receiving side is the front substrate. The back-lighting side of a photovoltaic cell refers to the side not directly exposed to sunlight. Correspondingly, the encapsulant film on the back-lighting side is the back encapsulant film, the cover plate on the back-lighting side is the back cover plate, the identification code on the back-lighting side is the back identification code, and the substrate on the back-lighting side is the back substrate.

[0080] If the photovoltaic module is a double-glass module, and the laminate includes a front substrate, a front identification code, a back substrate, and a back identification code, regardless of whether the front or back of the photovoltaic module is facing up, electronic devices can quickly scan the front or back identification code, thereby facilitating the rapid reading of product information about the photovoltaic module.

[0081] If the photovoltaic module is a single-glass module, the laminate may include a front substrate and a front identification code. The front substrate is sandwiched between the front cover plate and the front encapsulant film, and the projection range of the front substrate in the thickness direction is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cell in the thickness direction. The front identification code is located between the front substrate and the front cover plate. Correspondingly, the laminate does not include a back substrate and a back identification code.

[0082] Optionally, the portion of the substrate near the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflection layer.

[0083] Taking the front substrate 16a as an example, the relationship between the front substrate 16a and the front identification code 17a includes a correspondence relationship. The part of the front substrate 16a near the front identification code 17a in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflection layer.

[0084] The anti-reflection layer of the front substrate 16a may include a transparent film (such as EVA film, POE film, PVB film). When ambient light is incident on the transparent film of the anti-reflection layer through the front cover plate 11, less light is reflected by the transparent film, which makes it less likely to produce glare (due to unsuitable brightness distribution, there is extreme brightness contrast, which reduces the visibility of objects). This makes the visibility of the front identification code 17a higher, which makes it easier for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easier for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0085] Accordingly, the color of the front identification code 17a can be black. The black front identification code 17a has a high color contrast with the transparent film, and the front identification code 17a has high visibility, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0086] It should be noted that black can specifically refer to colors such as pure black, light black, jet black, and dark black.

[0087] In other embodiments, the color of the front identification code 17a may also include other colors that are clearly distinguishable from the color of the transparent film, such as red, blue, yellow, green, etc.

[0088] Furthermore, the anti-reflection layer of the front substrate 16a may include at least two stacked transparent films. In the two adjacent transparent films, the refractive index of the transparent film closer to the front identification code 17a may be less than the refractive index of the transparent film farther away from the front identification code 17a. Under this arrangement, less ambient light is reflected when it is incident on the transparent film through the front cover plate 11. In other words, more ambient light is incident on the interior of the transparent film through the front cover plate 11, making it less prone to glare. The visibility of the front identification code 17a is higher, making it easier for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easier for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0089] Furthermore, the surface of the transparent film included in the anti-reflection layer of the front substrate 16a facing the front identification code 17a may include a textured surface (also referred to as a rough surface). In this configuration, when ambient light is incident on the textured surface through the front cover plate 11, on the one hand, less light is reflected by the textured surface, which means more light enters the transparent film. On the other hand, even if there is light reflected by the textured surface, the reflection is diffuse reflection, so it is not easy to produce glare. The visibility of the front identification code 17a is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0090] In other embodiments, the anti-reflection layer of the front substrate 16a may include a black coating. The black coating has a good light absorption effect. When ambient light is incident on the black coating through the front cover plate 11, less light is reflected by the black coating, which makes it less likely to produce glare. The visibility of the front identification code 17a is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0091] It should be noted that the color of the black coating can be pure black, light black, jet black, dark black, etc.

[0092] Accordingly, the color of the front identification code 17a can be white. The white front identification code 17a has a high color contrast with the black coating, and the front identification code 17a has high visibility, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0093] Furthermore, the surface of the black coating of the antireflective layer of the front substrate 16a facing the front identification code 17a may include a textured surface (also known as a rough surface). In this configuration, the reflection generated when ambient light is incident on the textured surface through the front cover plate 11 is diffuse reflection, which is less likely to produce glare. The visibility of the front identification code 17a is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the front identification code 17a, thereby facilitating the rapid reading of product information about the photovoltaic module by the electronic devices.

[0094] Taking the back substrate 16b as an example, the relationship between the back substrate 16b and the back identification code 17b includes a correspondence relationship. The portion of the back substrate 16b near the back identification code 17b in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflection layer.

[0095] The anti-reflection layer of the back substrate 16b may include a transparent film (e.g., EVA film, POE film, PVB film). When ambient light is incident on the transparent film of the anti-reflection layer through the back cover plate 15, less light is reflected by the transparent film, making it less likely to produce glare. This results in higher visibility of the back identification code 17b, making it easier for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b and thus quickly read product information about the photovoltaic module.

[0096] Accordingly, the color of the back identification code 17b can be black. The black back identification code 17b has a high color contrast with the transparent film, and the back identification code 17b has high visibility, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0097] It should be noted that black can specifically refer to colors such as pure black, light black, jet black, and dark black.

[0098] In other embodiments, the color of the back identification code 17b may include other colors that are clearly distinguishable from the color of the transparent film, such as red, blue, yellow, green, etc.

[0099] Furthermore, the anti-reflection layer of the back substrate 16b may include at least two stacked transparent films. In the two adjacent transparent films, the refractive index of the transparent film closer to the back identification code 17b may be less than the refractive index of the transparent film farther from the back identification code 17b. Under this arrangement, less ambient light is reflected when it is incident on the transparent film through the back cover plate 15. In other words, more ambient light is incident on the interior of the transparent film through the back cover plate 15, making it less prone to glare. The visibility of the back identification code 17b is higher, making it easier for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby making it easier for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0100] Furthermore, the surface of the transparent film included in the anti-reflection layer of the back substrate 16b facing the back identification code 17b may include a textured surface (also referred to as a rough surface). In this configuration, when ambient light is incident on the textured surface through the back cover plate 15, on the one hand, less light is reflected by the textured surface, which means more light enters the transparent film. On the other hand, even if there is light reflected by the textured surface, the reflection is diffuse reflection, so it is not easy to produce glare. The visibility of the back identification code 17b is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0101] In other embodiments, the anti-reflection layer of the back substrate 16b may include a black coating. The black coating has a good light absorption effect. When ambient light is incident on the black coating through the back cover plate 15, less light is reflected by the black coating, which is less likely to cause glare. The visibility of the back identification code 17b is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0102] It should be noted that the color of the black coating can be pure black, light black, jet black, dark black, etc.

[0103] Accordingly, the color of the back identification code 17b can be white. The white back identification code 17b has a high color contrast with the black coating, and the back identification code 17b has high visibility, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby making it easy for electronic devices to quickly read product information about photovoltaic modules.

[0104] Furthermore, the surface of the black coating of the antireflective layer of the back substrate 16b facing the back identification code 17b may include a textured surface (also known as a rough surface). In this configuration, the reflection generated when ambient light is incident on the textured surface through the back cover plate 15 is diffuse reflection, which is less likely to produce glare. The visibility of the back identification code 17b is high, which makes it easy for electronic devices to quickly scan the back identification code 17b, thereby facilitating the rapid reading of product information about the photovoltaic module by the electronic devices.

[0105] Optionally, the cover plate and the corresponding substrate are bonded together.

[0106] Taking the front cover plate 11 as an example, the front cover plate 11 can be bonded to the front substrate 16a.

[0107] Taking the back cover plate 15 as an example, the back cover plate 15 can be bonded to the back substrate 16b.

[0108] Optionally, the cover plate is provided with a recess, the identification code is provided on the inner wall surface of the recess, and at least a portion of the structure of the substrate is located in the recess.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, taking the front cover plate 11 as an example, the front cover plate 11 may be provided with a first recess 111, and a front identification code (not shown in the figure) is provided on the inner wall surface of the first recess 111. At least a portion of the structure of the front substrate (not shown in the figure) is located in the first recess 111. Under this configuration, the front substrate can be limited by the first recess 111, restricting the front substrate from moving freely relative to the front cover plate 11 and relative to the front adhesive film (not shown in the figure).

[0110] The overall structure of the front substrate can be located in the first recess 111, or the layout structure of the front substrate can be located in the first recess 111.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, taking the back cover plate 15 as an example, the back cover plate 15 may be provided with a second recess 151. A back identification code (not shown in the figure) is provided on the inner wall surface of the second recess 151, and at least a portion of the structure of the back substrate (not shown in the figure) is located in the second recess 151. With this configuration, the back substrate can be limited by the second recess 151, restricting the back substrate from moving freely relative to the back cover plate 15 and from moving freely relative to the back adhesive film (not shown in the figure).

[0112] The overall structure of the back substrate can be located in the second recess 151, or the layout structure of the back substrate can be located in the second recess 151.

[0113] Optionally, the portion of the substrate away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a reflective layer.

[0114] Taking the front substrate 16a as an example, the relationship between the front substrate 16a and the front identification code 17a includes a correspondence. The portion of the front substrate 16a away from the front identification code 17a in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a reflective layer. The reflective layer of the front substrate 16a may include a white coating. The white coating has poor light absorption. When light shines on the white coating, more light is reflected by the white coating, and at least a portion of the light reflected by the white coating can shine on the photovoltaic cell 131, thereby increasing the amount of light that can shine on the photovoltaic cell 131 and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 131.

[0115] It should be noted that the light illuminating the white coating can include ambient light that does not reach the photovoltaic cell, as well as light reflected from the surface of the photovoltaic cell. Therefore, the white coating of the reflective layer on the front substrate can reflect light that has not been absorbed by the photovoltaic cell back to the photovoltaic cell, thereby increasing the efficiency of light absorption by the photovoltaic cell and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0116] The white coating of the reflective layer of the front substrate may include at least one material selected from titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel, and silver, and the aforementioned materials may have strong light reflectivity.

[0117] In addition, the reflective layer of the front substrate and the photovoltaic cells are misaligned in the thickness direction.

[0118] Furthermore, the surface of the reflective layer of the front substrate may include a textured surface (also known as a rough surface). In this configuration, the reflection produced when light shines on the textured surface is diffuse reflection. Therefore, at least a portion of the light diffusely reflected by the textured surface can shine on the photovoltaic cell.

[0119] Taking the back substrate 16b as an example, the relationship between the back substrate 16b and the back identification code 17b includes a correspondence. The portion of the back substrate 16b away from the back identification code 17b in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a reflective layer. The reflective layer of the back substrate 16b may include a white coating. The white coating has poor light absorption. When light shines on the white coating, more light is reflected by the white coating, and at least a portion of the light reflected by the white coating can shine on the photovoltaic cell 131, thereby increasing the amount of light that can shine on the photovoltaic cell 131 and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 131.

[0120] It should be noted that the light illuminating the white coating can include ambient light that does not reach the photovoltaic cell, as well as light reflected from the surface of the photovoltaic cell. Therefore, the white coating of the reflective layer on the back substrate can reflect light that has not been absorbed by the photovoltaic cell back to the photovoltaic cell, thereby increasing the efficiency of light absorption by the photovoltaic cell and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0121] The white coating of the reflective layer on the back substrate may include at least one material selected from titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel, and silver, and the aforementioned materials may have strong light reflectivity.

[0122] In addition, the reflective layer on the back substrate and the photovoltaic cells are misaligned in the thickness direction.

[0123] Furthermore, the surface of the reflective layer of the back substrate may include a textured surface (also referred to as a rough surface). In this configuration, the reflection produced when light shines on the textured surface is diffuse reflection. Therefore, at least a portion of the light diffusely reflected by the textured surface can shine on the photovoltaic cell.

[0124] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, the front substrate 16a may include an antireflective layer 161 and a reflective layer 162 stacked together. The antireflective layer 161 may include a transparent film (e.g., EVA film, POE film, PVB film), and the reflective layer 162 may include a white coating. (About...) Figure 7 The fabrication process of the front substrate 16a can form the reflective layer 162 on one side of the antireflective layer 161 by brushing or spraying.

[0125] The surface of the antireflective layer 161 facing away from the reflective layer 162 may include a textured surface, and the surface of the reflective layer 162 facing away from the antireflective layer 161 may include a textured surface.

[0126] Additionally, please refer to Figure 8 As shown, the antireflective layer 161 may include a first layer 161a, a second layer 161b, and a third layer 161c. The first layer 161a is closer to the front identification code (not shown in the figure) than the second layer 161b and the third layer 161c. The refractive index of the first layer 161a may be less than the refractive index of the second layer 161b, and the refractive index of the second layer 161b may be less than the refractive index of the third layer 161c.

[0127] In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the front substrate 16a may include an antireflective layer 161, a base layer 163, and a reflective layer 162 stacked together. The antireflective layer 161 may include a black coating, and the reflective layer 162 may include a white coating.

[0128] The surface of the antireflective layer 161 facing away from the reflective layer 162 (the surface facing the front identification code) may include a textured surface, and the surface of the reflective layer 162 facing away from the antireflective layer 161 (the surface facing away from the front identification code) may also include a textured surface.

[0129] Furthermore, this application does not limit the specific material of the base layer 163; the material of the base layer 163 may include a film, plastic, or metal. This application also does not limit the specific structure of the base layer 163; the structure of the base layer 163 may include a sheet-like structure or a mesh-like structure.

[0130] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 10 As shown, the back substrate 16b may include an antireflective layer 161 and a reflective layer 162 stacked together. The antireflective layer 161 may include a transparent film (e.g., EVA film, POE film, PVB film), and the reflective layer 162 may include a white coating.

[0131] The surface of the antireflective layer 161 facing away from the reflective layer 162 (the surface facing the back identification code) may include a textured surface, and the surface of the reflective layer 162 facing away from the antireflective layer 161 (the surface facing away from the back identification code) may also include a textured surface.

[0132] Additionally, please refer to Figure 11 As shown, the antireflective layer 161 may include a first layer 161a, a second layer 161b, and a third layer 161c. The first layer 161a is closer to the back identification code (not shown in the figure) than the second layer 161b and the third layer 161c. The refractive index of the first layer 161a may be less than the refractive index of the second layer 161b, and the refractive index of the second layer 161b may be less than the refractive index of the third layer 161c.

[0133] In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 12 As shown, the back substrate 16b may include an antireflective layer 161, a base layer 163, and a reflective layer 162 stacked together. The antireflective layer 161 may include a black coating, and the reflective layer 162 may include a white coating.

[0134] The surface of the antireflective layer 161 facing away from the reflective layer 162 (the surface facing the back identification code) may include a textured surface, and the surface of the reflective layer 162 facing away from the antireflective layer 161 (the surface facing away from the back identification code) may also include a textured surface.

[0135] Furthermore, this application does not limit the specific material of the base layer 163; the material of the base layer 163 may include a film, plastic, or metal. This application also does not limit the specific structure of the base layer 163; the structure of the base layer 163 may include a sheet-like structure or a mesh-like structure.

[0136] Optionally, the surface of the reflective layer away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a curved surface.

[0137] Please refer to Figure 13 As shown, taking the surface of the reflective layer 162 of the front substrate 16a that is away from the front identification code (not shown in the figure) as an example, including the curved surface 164, under this setting, more of the light reflected by the curved surface 164 (the dotted line with the triangular arrow) can illuminate the photovoltaic cell, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0138] The curved portion 164 of the front substrate 16a may include a textured surface, or the curved portion 164 of the front substrate 16a may not include a textured surface.

[0139] Please refer to Figure 14 As shown, taking the surface of the reflective layer 162 of the back substrate 16b away from the back identification code (not shown in the figure) as an example, which includes an arc-shaped surface 164, under this setting, more of the light reflected by the arc-shaped surface 164 (dashed line with triangular arrow) can illuminate the photovoltaic cell, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0140] The curved portion 164 of the back substrate 16b may include a textured surface, or the curved portion 164 of the back substrate 16b may not include a textured surface.

[0141] Optionally, the surface of the reflective layer that is away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a planar portion, and the planar portion has an acute angle with the thickness direction.

[0142] Please refer to Figure 15As shown, taking the surface of the reflective layer 162 of the front substrate 16a that is away from the front identification code (not shown) in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module as an example, the surface of the reflective layer 162 includes a planar portion 165. The planar portion 165 has an acute angle with the thickness direction; that is, the planar portion 165 is not perpendicular, and the planar portion 165 has an acute angle with the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131. Under this configuration, a larger portion of the light reflected by the planar portion 165 can illuminate the photovoltaic cell 131, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0143] The planar portion 165 of the front substrate 16a may include a textured surface, or the planar portion 165 of the front substrate 16a may not include a textured surface.

[0144] Please refer to Figure 16 As shown, taking the surface of the reflective layer 162 of the back substrate 16b, which is away from the back identification code (not shown) in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, as an example, the flat portion 165 has an acute angle with the thickness direction. In other words, the flat portion 165 is not perpendicular, and there is an acute angle between the flat portion 165 and the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131. Under this configuration, a larger amount of light reflected by the flat portion 165 can reach the photovoltaic cell 131, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0145] The planar portion 165 of the back substrate 16b may include a textured surface, or the planar portion 165 of the back substrate 16b may not include a textured surface.

[0146] In other embodiments, if the surface of the reflective layer of the front substrate that is away from the front identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a planar portion, but the planar portion is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the thickness direction, then the planar portion of the front substrate needs to include a textured surface so that the planar portion can diffusely reflect light to the photovoltaic cells.

[0147] In other embodiments, if the surface of the reflective layer of the back substrate away from the back identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a planar portion, but the planar portion is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the thickness direction, then the planar portion of the back substrate needs to include a textured surface so that the planar portion can diffusely reflect light to the photovoltaic cells.

[0148] Optionally, the busbar is located on the side of the substrate opposite to the corresponding identification code, and the busbar is spaced apart from the substrate, with the surface of the busbar facing the substrate including a textured surface.

[0149] Please refer to Figure 17As shown, the busbar 133 is located on the side of the front substrate 16a opposite to the front identification code (not shown in the figure), and the busbar 133 is spaced apart from the front substrate 16a. The surface of the busbar 133 facing the front substrate 16a includes a textured surface. In this configuration, when light shines on the textured surface of the busbar 133, at least a portion of the light can be diffusely reflected to the reflective layer of the front substrate 16a. At least a portion of the light shining on the reflective layer of the front substrate 16a can then be reflected again (either diffusely or specularly) to the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0150] Please refer to Figure 17 As shown, the busbar 133 is located on the side of the back substrate 16b opposite to the back identification code (not shown), and the busbar 133 is spaced apart from the back substrate 16b. The surface of the busbar 133 facing the back substrate 16b includes a textured surface. In this configuration, when light shines on the textured surface of the busbar 133, at least a portion of the light can be diffusely reflected to the reflective layer of the back substrate 16b. At least a portion of the light shining on the reflective layer of the back substrate 16b can then be reflected again (either diffusely or specularly) to the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0151] It should be noted that the specular reflection mentioned in this article refers to the reflection of light on a smooth surface. When parallel light rays strike a smooth surface, they will still be reflected in a parallel direction.

[0152] Optionally, the projection range of the busbar in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located within the projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0153] Please refer to Figure 17 As shown, the projection range of the busbar 133 in the thickness direction is located within the projection range of the front substrate 16a in the thickness direction. Under this setting, the busbar 133 is easily blocked by the front substrate 16a to improve the aesthetics of the photovoltaic module.

[0154] Please refer to Figure 17 As shown, the projection range of the busbar 133 in the thickness direction is located within the projection range of the back substrate 16b in the thickness direction. Under this setting, the busbar 133 is easily blocked by the back substrate 16b to improve the aesthetics of the photovoltaic module.

[0155] Optionally, the substrate and the photovoltaic cell have a set spacing distance d, which satisfies 1mm≤d≤6mm.

[0156] Please refer to Figure 17As shown, the front substrate 16a and the photovoltaic cell 131 can have a set spacing distance d, which satisfies 1mm≤d≤6mm. Specifically, the spacing distance d can include 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm or 6mm.

[0157] If the spacing distance d is too small, for example, less than 1 mm, when the angle between the direction of the light irradiation on the light-receiving side and the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131 is less than 10° or greater than 170°, the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 131 obscured by the front substrate 16a will be large, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 131 excessively. If the spacing distance d is too large, for example, greater than 6 mm, the area and volume of the photovoltaic module will be too large while maintaining the required area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 131. Therefore, a spacing distance d within the range of 1 mm ≤ d ≤ 6 mm is preferable.

[0158] It should be noted that the spacing distance d can be the distance in the X direction, or the shortest distance between the edge of the front substrate 16a and the edge of the photovoltaic cell 131.

[0159] Please refer to Figure 17 As shown, there can be a set interval d between the back substrate 16b and the photovoltaic cell 131, satisfying 1mm≤d≤6mm. Specifically, the interval d can be 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm or 6mm.

[0160] If the spacing distance d is too small, for example, less than 1 mm, when the angle between the direction of the light irradiation on the back side and the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131 is less than 10° or greater than 170°, the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 131 obscured by the back substrate 16b will be too large, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 131 excessively. If the spacing distance d is too large, for example, greater than 6 mm, the area and volume of the photovoltaic module will be too large while maintaining the required area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 131. Therefore, a spacing distance d within the range of 1 mm ≤ d ≤ 6 mm is preferable.

[0161] It should be noted that the spacing distance d can be the distance in the X direction, or the shortest distance between the edge of the back substrate 16b and the edge of the photovoltaic cell 131.

[0162] Optionally, the projection range of the front substrate 16a in the thickness direction is located around the front cover plate 11. This can also be understood as the projection range of the front substrate 16a in the thickness direction not being located on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131, nor being located in the space between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 131 in the same cell string, nor being located in the space between two adjacent cell strings.

[0163] The projection range of the front identification code in the thickness direction is also located around the perimeter of the front cover. For example... Figure 1 As shown, although the top structure of frame 2 can partially obscure the perimeter of the front cover (not shown in the figure), as... Figure 3b As shown, the front identification code 17a is not obscured by the top structure of the border 2.

[0164] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the top structure of the frame that can cover the front cover may also be provided with a notch that can be used to expose the front identification code.

[0165] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the frame may not have a top structure that obscures the front cover.

[0166] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the photovoltaic module may also be without a frame.

[0167] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the projection range of the front substrate in the thickness direction may also be located in the space between two adjacent photovoltaic cells within the same cell string.

[0168] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the projection range of the front substrate in the thickness direction may also be located in the space between two adjacent battery strings.

[0169] Optionally, the projection range of the back substrate 16b in the thickness direction is located around the back cover plate 15. This can also be understood as the projection range of the back substrate 16b in the thickness direction not being located on the surface of the photovoltaic cell 131, nor being located in the space between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 131 in the same cell string, nor being located in the space between two adjacent cell strings.

[0170] The projection range of the rear identification code in the thickness direction is also located around the perimeter of the rear cover. For example... Figure 1 As shown, although the bottom structure of frame 2 can partially obscure the perimeter of the back cover (not shown in the figure), as... Figure 4b As shown, the back identification code 17b is not obscured by the bottom structure of the border 2.

[0171] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the bottom structure of the frame that can cover the back cover can also be provided with a notch that can be used to expose the back identification code.

[0172] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the photovoltaic module may also be without a frame.

[0173] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the projection range of the back substrate in the thickness direction may also be located in the space between two adjacent photovoltaic cells within the same cell string.

[0174] In other embodiments (not shown in the figures), the projection range of the back substrate in the thickness direction may also be located in the space between two adjacent battery strings.

[0175] It should be noted that the microstructure of the velvet surface mentioned in this article can be as follows: Figure 18 As shown, when light shines on the velvet surface, the reflected light can be in multiple directions, thus creating a diffuse reflection effect.

[0176] It should be noted that in the attached figures of this article, directions X, Y and Z are perpendicular to each other. Direction Z can be parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, or it can be the direction from the bottom of the photovoltaic module to the top of the photovoltaic module, or it can be the direction from the back side of the photovoltaic cell to the light-receiving side.

[0177] It should be noted that, Figure 2 , Figure 3b and Figure 4b The photovoltaic cell 131 shown may include a heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) photovoltaic cell, an emitter back passivated photovoltaic cell (PERC), a tunnel oxide passivated contact photovoltaic cell (TOPCon), or a perovskite photovoltaic cell (PSC).

[0178] In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be back-contact solar cells (BC). Figure 19 From the side view shown, the solder ribbons 132 are all located on the back side of the photovoltaic cell 131. Figure 20 As shown in the upward view, the solder strips 132 are all located on the back side of the photovoltaic cell 131.

[0179] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a cover plate, an identification code, an encapsulating film, a substrate, and photovoltaic cells; The cover plate and the adhesive film are stacked together, the substrate is sandwiched between the cover plate and the adhesive film, and the projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is outside the projection range of the photovoltaic cell in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The identification code is located between the cover plate and the substrate; The portion of the substrate away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a reflective layer.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portion of the substrate near the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflection layer.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover plate is provided with a recessed portion, and the identification code is disposed on the inner wall surface of the recessed portion; At least a portion of the structure of the substrate is located in the recess.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the reflective layer away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a curved surface. And / or, the surface of the reflective layer away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a planar portion, the planar portion having an acute angle with the thickness direction.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the reflective layer away from the corresponding identification code in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module includes a textured surface.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module further includes a busbar, which is located on the side of the substrate opposite to the corresponding identification code, and the busbar is spaced apart from the substrate. The surface of the busbar facing the substrate includes a textured surface.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The projection range of the busbar in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located within the projection range of the substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The substrate and the photovoltaic cell are separated by a predetermined distance d, which satisfies 1mm≤d≤6mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a front cover plate and a back cover plate, and the encapsulant film is located between the front cover plate and the back cover plate; The photovoltaic module also includes a front substrate and a front identification code. The front substrate is sandwiched between the front cover plate and the encapsulant film, and the projection range of the front substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is located around the front cover plate. The front identification code is located between the front cover plate and the front substrate. And / or, the photovoltaic module further includes a back substrate and a back identification code, the back substrate being sandwiched between the back cover and the encapsulant film, and the projection range of the back substrate in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module being located around the back cover, and the back identification code being located between the back cover and the back substrate.

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