Biomass seedling raising substrate box and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass seedling raising substrate box and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising. Comprising the following steps: step 1, cutting corn straws into sections, crushing, sieving, and taking unsieved parts as undecomposed corn straws; carrying out fermentation treatment on the undecomposed corn straws to obtain decomposed corn straws; step 2, fully and uniformly stirring the undecomposed corn straw and the decomposed corn straw to obtain a mixture; adding a nutrient fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and adding dilute sulphuric acid to adjust the pH value to obtain a matrix raw material; adding a binder into water for dissolving, adding other additive components, and uniformly mixing to obtain an additive; 3, the substrate raw materials and the additives are fully mixed and subjected to compression molding, and the seedling raising substrate tray is obtained; and 4, sleeving the bottom of the seedling raising substrate tray with a plastic film to obtain the biomass seedling raising substrate box. According to the invention, the biomass seedling raising substrate box for rice with single corn straw is prepared, and productization, standardization and simplification of a rice seedling raising technology are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling cultivation, in particular to a biomass rice seedling cultivation matrix box and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of agricultural modernization, the traditional method of raising seedlings can no longer meet the needs of large-scale and efficient seedling production due to the difficulty of obtaining soil and high costs. As a new method of raising seedlings, the seedling matrix box has become an important direction for the development of agricultural science and technology due to its advantages such as environmental protection, low cost and simplicity.

[0003] In the prior art, the traditional rice seedling raising matrix box is mainly composed of a plastic tray for raising rice seedlings and a seedling raising matrix; but there are the following problems: on the one hand, when the seedling raising matrix box is converted into a seedling raising matrix, there is a relatively troublesome separation step, and the long-term use of plastic materials in the seedling raising matrix affects the amount of seedlings. On the other hand, common seedling raising matrices generally only consider the influence of the nutrients in the matrix on its seedling raising properties, such as patent CN202410609876.X discloses a processing method for preparing a seedling raising matrix using rice straw, CN202410475630.8 provides a large-scale rice seedling raising method, and CN202410243065.2 discloses a seedling raising matrix and its preparation method and application, etc.; none of them considers the mechanical strength problem that the seedling raising matrix needs to bear when it is transferred into a seedling raising matrix.

[0004] In addition, there are the following defects: the nutrient matrix for rice seedlings is mainly composed of peat, peat soil, and topsoil of cultivated land. The disorderly mining of these non-renewable resources has also caused irreversible damage to the ecological environment; and the shortage of raw materials for rice seedlings has seriously affected the quality of rice seedlings and the yield of rice. A large amount of corn stalks are burned because they cannot be used, which also causes serious air pollution. It is necessary to seek the utilization of corn stalks as a renewable resource.

[0005] In summary, it is of great significance to solve the above problems and prepare a biomass seedling raising matrix box. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to seek a widely sourced renewable and environmentally friendly raw material to make a rice seedling raising tray that integrates a rice seedling raising substrate and a rice seedling raising tray, replacing the existing widely used plastic rice seedling raising tray, and solving the problems of shortage of rice seedling raising substrate raw materials, environmental pollution of plastic rice seedling raising trays, high rice seedling raising production costs, and mechanical strength problems during rice seedling raising and seedling conversion mentioned in the background technology. Thus, a biomass rice seedling raising substrate box and a preparation method thereof are provided.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, comprising the following steps: Step 1: (1) cutting corn stalks into segments and crushing them, and sieving them through a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm×4 mm, and the unscreened portion is referred to as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) fermenting the undecomposed corn stalks to obtain decomposed corn stalks; Step 2: (1) fully stir the undecomposed corn stalks and decomposed corn stalks to obtain a mixture; add nutrient fertilizer and mix evenly, add dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 5-6, and obtain a matrix raw material; (2) add a binder to dissolve in water, add other additives and mix evenly to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, and press them into shape to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

[0008] More optimally, the raw materials of the seedling raising substrate tray include the following components: by weight, 40-48 parts of undecomposed corn stalks, 52-60 parts of decomposed corn stalks, 4-12 parts of nutrient fertilizers, 0.2-2 parts of adhesives, and 0.01-1 parts of other additives; The other added ingredients include one or more of trace elements and fungicides; the raw materials of the adhesive include one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and flour; the nutrient fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium sulfate, the nitrogen fertilizers include one or two of ammonium sulfate and urea, and the phosphorus fertilizers include one or more of superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

[0009] More optimally, the plastic film is connected to the bottom of the seedling raising substrate tray with a width of 2 to 4 cm.

[0010] More optimally, the preparation process of the decomposed corn stalks is as follows: S2-1: adding undecomposed corn stalks to a 1-1.5wt% citric acid solution, setting the liquid-solid ratio to 10-12:1, pretreating at room temperature for 2-3 hours, sterilizing, separating, and drying to obtain a stalk raw material; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.5±0.2 and complex enzyme to the straw raw material, set the rotation speed to 100~200rpm at 45~50℃, stir and activate for 8~10 hours to obtain a fermentation raw material; S2-3: Spread the fermentation raw materials flat, add water, and add fermentation liquid; compost and ferment at 50-60°C for 7-10 days, turning the compost constantly during the process to obtain decomposed material; sieve it using a sieve with a pore size of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks.

[0011] More optimally, during the preparation of the fermentation raw material, the mass ratio of the straw raw material, wood vinegar, and complex enzyme is 10-12:2:0.2; the complex enzyme includes laccase, lignin peroxidase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.7:0.2:0.1; During the preparation of the matured material, the amount of water added is 1 to 1.2 times the amount of the fermentation raw material; the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 4 to 5wt% of the fermentation raw material; the fermentation liquid includes a thermoviolet Streptomyces liquid, a gametoderma liquid, a thermophilic siderophore liquid, a Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, a Bacillus subtilis liquid, and a Corynebacterium glutamicum liquid in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:1.5:1:0.5.

[0012] More optimally, the process parameters of the pressing molding are: temperature of 100-120°C, pressure of 12-15 MPa, and time of 100-110 s.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the binder comprises a polyvinyl alcohol complex and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:3.

[0014] More optimally, the preparation process of the polyvinyl alcohol complex comprises the following steps: adding montmorillonite to water and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonication to obtain a dispersion of 0.01-0.02 g / mL; adding 0.05-1 mol / L protocatechuic acid and stirring for 1-2 hours; adding ammonium molybdate and continuing stirring for 2-3 hours; adding catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 80-85° C. and stirring for 1-2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol complex; The raw materials of the polyvinyl alcohol composite include the following substances: by weight, 1-1.2 parts of montmorillonite, 0.2-0.3 parts of protocatechuic acid, 0.04-0.06 parts of ammonium molybdate, and 4-5 parts of catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol.

[0015] More optimally, the preparation process of the modified flour includes the following steps: mixing succinic anhydride and diethylenetriamine in a molar ratio of 0.6-0.8:1, stirring at 50-55°C for 1-2 hours, heating to 100-120°C and stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain a branched product; adding the branched product to water and stirring evenly to obtain a 5-8wt% mixed solution; adjusting the pH to 5.2±0.3; adding aldehyde-modified flour, stirring at 60-65°C for 10-20 minutes, centrifuging and drying to obtain modified flour; wherein the mass ratio of aldehyde-modified flour to branched product is 1:0.4-0.5.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: (1) The present invention uses a single corn stalk as raw material and mixes other additives to produce a rice seedling substrate tray; it has excellent applicability for rice seedling cultivation. Among them, using a single corn stalk as raw material has the following advantages: first, it solves the current shortage of raw materials for rice seedling cultivation substrates and reduces the ecological damage caused by the unlimited excavation of peat, peat soil and cultivated land surface soil; second, it seeks a new way to return corn stalks to the fields and reduces the pollution caused by the burning of corn stalks to the environment; third, it reduces the introduction of discarded old plastics and the pollution of the rice seedling tray to the environment; fourth, it reduces the cost of rice seedling cultivation.

[0017] (2) The seedling raising matrix tray of the present invention integrates the seedling raising matrix and the seedling raising tray. It is both a seedling raising tray and a seedling raising matrix, and has dual functions. There is no need to add any seedling raising matrix or seedling raising soil when sowing directly on the seedling raising matrix tray. After watering, it automatically expands so that the physical properties of the matrix meet the requirements for raising rice seedlings. At the same time, it is both a seedling raising tray and a lower matrix for sowing seedlings. The multiple cropping matrix cover is the multiple cropping matrix; there is no need to add any seedling raising matrix or seedling raising soil when sowing directly on the seedling raising tray. After sowing, the matrix cover of the present invention is placed on its surface to replace the multiple cropping matrix or multiple cropping seedling raising soil. After the rice seedlings are grown, the seedling raising tray is transformed into a seedling raising matrix, which is directly transplanted into the original field with the rice seedlings and becomes organic matter for fertilizing the field.

[0018] (3) The present invention adds a plastic film with a width of 2 to 4 cm at the bottom corner of the seedling raising substrate tray, which can enhance the mechanical strength of the seedling raising substrate tray and prevent the roots of the rice seedlings from looping between the trays.

[0019] (4) In this application, the raw materials of the rice seedling substrate tray are nutritionally adjusted, the pH value is adjusted, and fungicides for the prevention and control of diseases that are prone to occur in the seedlings are added, so that the rice seedling technology can be commercialized and easily mastered by the majority of rice farmers, making the rice seedling technology standardized and unified.

[0020] (5) The present application aims to further enhance the rice seedling raising ability and solve the problem of poor mechanical strength of the existing seedling raising substrate tray. In the scheme, the rice seedling raising ability and mechanical strength of the seedling raising substrate tray are effectively improved by limiting the process of specific decomposition of corn stalks, optimizing the ratio of undecomposed and decomposed corn stalks, and introducing specific adhesives.

[0021] Among them, the decomposed corn stalks are first treated with a citric acid solution, then introduced into a composite enzyme containing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and finally decomposed under a composite bacterial solution containing Corynebacterium glutamicum. Compared with the common decomposition process, citric acid pretreatment can effectively improve the degradation of cellulose, provide a better environment for subsequent fermentation, promote fermentation, and increase humus. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase introduced subsequently can promote Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce glutamate derivatives in the subsequent fermentation process by participating in the cycle of citric acid and cooperating with acetyl-CoA carboxylase; and this type of substance can be used as a promoter to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, improve the soil microbial environment, and promote rice seedling cultivation.

[0022] Among them, in the ratio of undecomposed corn stalks to decomposed corn stalks, undecomposed corn stalks can improve the mechanical strength of the seedling substrate tray, while decomposed corn stalks can ensure the water holding and fertilizer absorption and retention capacity of the seedling substrate; therefore, when using crop straw as raw material to make substrate seedling trays and seedling substrates, the first thing to consider is the maturity (rottenness) of the straw and the mixing ratio of the two; In the ratio limit, although the mechanical strength can be improved when the proportion of undecomposed corn straw increases, when the proportion exceeds 50%, it will have an impact on rice seedlings. When too high a content of undecomposed crop straw is used as a raw material for seedling substrate, the rice seedlings will turn yellow or even die. The reason is that most of the nitrogen source of the straw is used by microorganisms during microecological decomposition, resulting in nitrogen deficiency in the rice seedlings, which makes the rice seedlings weak or even dead. Therefore, the amount of introduction needs to be limited to less than 50%.

[0023] Among them, most of the seedling trays currently made of crop straw as raw materials only play the role of seedling trays, and do not have the function of seedling substrate. Therefore, seedling substrate or seedling soil must be installed during the seedling raising process. Generally, a seedling tray must bear about 3kg of seedling substrate or seedling soil, and the prepared seedling tray must have sufficient mechanical strength to support the weight of 3kg; the materials and adhesives required for the production are required to make the prepared seedling tray have strong mechanical strength, and ensure that the seedling tray does not break during transportation after sowing. The required crop straw materials cannot be decomposed, and the adhesive must have strong bonding force. Putting the prepared seedling tray and the seedlings into the transplanter together for transplanting will cause damage to the seedlings. Moreover, generally strong adhesives are not easy to decompose and will cause soil pollution.

[0024] Therefore, the present application selects polyvinyl alcohol as the main adhesive, and uses flour as an auxiliary bonding agent to improve strength. The use of these two as adhesives has the following advantages: First, it has good water stability, and after being made into a seedling tray, it will not disperse due to water, and the original state of the seedling tray will be maintained. Second, it has good elasticity and scalability. After encountering water, the seedling tray has a certain degree of expansion, so that the physical properties of the matrix after the seedling tray is sown and watered are suitable for seedling cultivation needs. Third, it can be decomposed in a short time after transplanting, and will not pollute the soil and other environments. Fourth, the shear force formed is small, and there is no obvious effect on the seedlings grown in the matrix seedling tray during mechanical transplanting.

[0025] At the same time, in a further scheme, polyvinyl alcohol is grafted with catechol and then compounded with montmorillonite loaded with molybdate to form a polyethylene complex. The hardness of montmorillonite can improve the porosity and water retention of the soil. At the same time, it has ion exchange capacity, which can promote the slow release of nutrients and improve the absorption and utilization of seedlings. The introduction of montmorillonite can also improve the bonding strength. The introduction of molybdate can promote the activity of nitrate reductase and other enzymes in rice, promote the growth and development of the root system, improve photosynthesis, and enhance seedling cultivation. On the other hand, after the flour is formaldehyde-formylated, the branched product is grafted to obtain modified flour, which effectively enhances the hydrogen bonding effect after modification; it can promote the cross-linking of protein and polysaccharides in the decomposed corn stalks, thereby helping to improve the strength of the seedling medium.

[0026] At the same time, the plan limits the temperature, pressure and time of the molding process. Under this process, the porosity of the material can be effectively guaranteed on the basis of mechanical strength, and the germination and emergence growth of seeds during the seedling cultivation process can be guaranteed.

[0027] In summary, the present invention prepares a rice seedling raising matrix box based on corn stalks, which can replace the traditional plastic rice seedling raising tray and realize the commercialization, standardization and simplification of rice seedling raising technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a product picture of the biomass seedling raising matrix box of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the following embodiments, parts are parts by mass, and the plastic film is a polyethylene ground film.

[0031] The fermentation bacterial liquid consists of a bacterial liquid of Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, a bacterial liquid of Trichoderma gemsii, a bacterial liquid of thermophilic Sporotrichum spp., a bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterial liquid of Bacillus subtilis, and a bacterial liquid of Corynebacterium glutamicum in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:1.5:1:0.5; and is prepared using existing technology.

[0032] The complex enzyme consists of laccase, lignin peroxidase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.7:0.2:0.1.

[0033] Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol complex: (1) 10g polyvinyl alcohol and 14g carbonyldiimidazole were added to 150mL dimethyl sulfoxide in sequence and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours; 50mL ethylenediamine was added dropwise and stirred at 50°C for 24 hours, washed and dried to obtain ethylenediamine-based polyvinyl alcohol; 5g ethylenediamine-based polyvinyl alcohol was added to 100mL water, 2.2g EDC and 1.5g 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid were added and stirred evenly, the pH was adjusted to 5.6, stirred for 12 hours, purified and dried to obtain catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol; (2) 1g montmorillonite was added to water and ultrasonically dispersed evenly to obtain a 0.01g / mL dispersion; 0.05mol / L protocatechuic acid solution (containing 0.3g protocatechuic acid) was added and stirred for 1 hour; 0.05g ammonium molybdate was added and stirred for 2 hours; 5g catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol was added, the temperature was raised to 80°C and stirred for 2 hours, filtered and dried to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol complex.

[0034] The preparation process of modified flour includes the following steps: (1) adding 10g flour to 50mL water and stirring evenly, adjusting pH=9.2, adding 0.2g hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 1.5 hours, adding 1g of 30wt% sodium bisulfite solution and stirring for 0.5 hours, adjusting pH=6.8, purifying and drying to obtain aldehyde-modified flour; (2) mixing succinic anhydride and diethylenetriamine with a molar ratio of 0.8:1, stirring at 55°C for 2 hours, heating to 120°C and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a branched product; (3) adding 0.8g branched product to 100mL water and stirring evenly to obtain a 5wt% mixed solution; adjusting pH=5.4; adding 2g aldehyde-modified flour, stirring at 60°C for 20 minutes, centrifuging and drying to obtain modified flour.

[0035] Embodiment 1: A method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, comprising the following steps: Step 1: (1) Cut corn stalks into 2 cm segments, crush them, and sieve them through a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm × 4 mm. The unsieved part is used as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) Preparation of decomposed corn stalks: S2-1: Add undecomposed corn stalks to 1 wt% citric acid solution, set the liquid-solid ratio to 10:1, pretreat at room temperature for 2 hours, sterilize, separate, and dry to obtain stalk raw materials; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.6 and complex enzymes to the stalk raw materials; the stalk raw materials, wood vinegar, and complex enzymes are added to the stalk raw materials. The mass ratio of vinegar solution to complex enzyme is 10:2:0.2; at 50°C, set the speed to 200rpm, stir and activate for 10 hours to obtain fermentation raw materials; S2-3: spread the fermentation raw materials flat, add water, the amount of water added is 1 times the amount of the fermentation raw materials; add fermentation liquid, the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 5wt% of the fermentation raw materials; compost and ferment at 55°C for 10 days, constantly turning during the process, to obtain decomposed material; sieve it with a sieve with an aperture of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks; Step 2: (1) 45 parts of undecomposed corn stalks and 55 parts of decomposed corn stalks are fully mixed to obtain a mixture; 8 parts of nutrient fertilizers (3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of urea, 3 parts of heavy superphosphate, and 1 part of potassium sulfate, which are pre-crushed through a 20-mesh sieve) are added and mixed evenly, and dilute sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.6 to obtain a matrix raw material; (2) 1 part of a binder (polyvinyl alcohol and flour in a mass ratio of 5:3) is added to water, heated to 90°C and stirred to dissolve, to obtain an 8wt% solution, and 0.032 parts of other additives (0.03 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.002 parts of dichlorvos) are added to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, press at a temperature of 110° C. and a pressure of 14 MPa for 110 seconds, and dry and mold to a moisture content of 8% to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film with a width of 3 cm on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

[0036] Embodiment 2: A method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Step 1: (1) Cut corn stalks into 2 cm segments, crush them, and sieve them using a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm × 4 mm. The unsieved part is used as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) Preparation of decomposed corn stalks: S2-1: Add undecomposed corn stalks to 1 wt% citric acid solution, set the liquid-solid ratio to 10:1, pretreat at room temperature for 2 hours, sterilize, separate, and dry to obtain a straw raw material; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.6 and a complex enzyme to the straw raw material; The mass ratio of , wood vinegar, and complex enzyme is 10:2:0.2; at 50°C, set the speed to 200rpm, stir and activate for 10 hours to obtain a fermentation raw material; S2-3: spread the fermentation raw material flat, add water, the amount of water added is 1 times the amount of the fermentation raw material; add fermentation liquid, the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 5wt% of the fermentation raw material; compost and ferment at 55°C for 10 days, constantly turning during the process, to obtain a decomposed material; sieve it with a sieve with an aperture of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain a decomposed corn stalk; Step 2: (1) 45 parts of undecomposed corn stalks and 55 parts of decomposed corn stalks are fully stirred to obtain a mixture; 8 parts of nutrient fertilizers (3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of urea, 3 parts of heavy superphosphate, and 1 part of potassium sulfate, which are pre-crushed through a 20-mesh sieve) are added and mixed evenly, and dilute sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.6 to obtain a matrix raw material; (2) 1.6 parts of a binder (polyvinyl alcohol complex and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:3) are added to water, heated to 90°C and stirred to dissolve to obtain an 8wt% solution, and 0.032 parts of other additives (0.03 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.002 parts of dichlorvos) are added to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, press at a temperature of 110° C. and a pressure of 14 MPa for 110 seconds, and dry and mold to a moisture content of 8% to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film with a width of 3 cm on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

[0037] Embodiment 3: A method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, comprising the following steps: Step 1: (1) Cut corn stalks into 2 cm segments, crush them, and sieve them through a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm × 4 mm. The unsieved part is used as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) Preparation of decomposed corn stalks: S2-1: Add undecomposed corn stalks to 1 wt% citric acid solution, set the liquid-solid ratio to 10:1, pretreat at room temperature for 2 hours, sterilize, separate, and dry to obtain stalk raw materials; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.6 and complex enzymes to the stalk raw materials; the stalk raw materials, wood vinegar, and complex enzymes are added to the stalk raw materials. The mass ratio of vinegar solution to complex enzyme is 10:2:0.2; at 50°C, set the speed to 200rpm, stir and activate for 10 hours to obtain fermentation raw materials; S2-3: spread the fermentation raw materials flat, add water, the amount of water added is 1 times the amount of the fermentation raw materials; add fermentation liquid, the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 5wt% of the fermentation raw materials; compost and ferment at 55°C for 10 days, constantly turning during the process, to obtain decomposed material; sieve it with a sieve with an aperture of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks; Step 2: (1) 40 parts of undecomposed corn stalks and 60 parts of decomposed corn stalks are fully mixed to obtain a mixture; 8 parts of nutrient fertilizers (3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of urea, 3 parts of heavy superphosphate, and 1 part of potassium sulfate, which are pre-crushed through a 20-mesh sieve) are added and mixed evenly, and dilute sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.7 to obtain a matrix raw material; (2) 0.4 parts of a binder (polyvinyl alcohol complex and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:3) are added to water, heated to 90°C and stirred to dissolve to obtain an 8wt% solution, and 0.032 parts of other additives (0.03 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.002 parts of dichlorvos) are added to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, press at a temperature of 120° C. and a pressure of 15 MPa for 110 seconds, and dry and mold to a moisture content of 8% to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film with a width of 3 cm on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

[0038] Embodiment 4: A method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, comprising the following steps: Step 1: (1) Cut corn stalks into 2 cm segments, crush them, and sieve them through a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm × 4 mm. The unsieved part is used as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) Preparation of decomposed corn stalks: S2-1: Add undecomposed corn stalks to 1 wt% citric acid solution, set the liquid-solid ratio to 10:1, pretreat at room temperature for 2 hours, sterilize, separate, and dry to obtain stalk raw materials; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.6 and complex enzymes to the stalk raw materials; the stalk raw materials, wood vinegar, and complex enzymes are added to the stalk raw materials. The mass ratio of vinegar solution to complex enzyme is 10:2:0.2; at 50°C, set the speed to 200rpm, stir and activate for 10 hours to obtain fermentation raw materials; S2-3: spread the fermentation raw materials flat, add water, the amount of water added is 1 times the amount of the fermentation raw materials; add fermentation liquid, the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 5wt% of the fermentation raw materials; compost and ferment at 55°C for 10 days, constantly turning during the process, to obtain decomposed material; sieve it with a sieve with an aperture of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks; Step 2: (1) 48 parts of undecomposed corn stalks and 52 parts of decomposed corn stalks are fully stirred to obtain a mixture; 8 parts of nutrient fertilizers (3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of urea, 3 parts of heavy superphosphate, and 1 part of potassium sulfate, which are pre-crushed through a 20-mesh sieve) are added and mixed evenly, and dilute sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 5.6 to obtain a matrix raw material; (2) 2 parts of a binder (polyvinyl alcohol complex and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:3) are added to water, heated to 90°C and stirred to dissolve to obtain an 8wt% solution, and 0.032 parts of other additives (0.03 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.002 parts of dichlorvos) are added to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, press at a temperature of 100° C. and a pressure of 12 MPa for 100 seconds, and dry and mold to a moisture content of 8% to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film with a width of 3 cm on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: Based on Example 1, the fineness of the undecomposed corn stalks is that the length of the stalk skin and fibers is less than 20 mm, and the fineness of the decomposed corn stalks is particles with a sieve aperture of 8 mm×8 mm; the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0040] Comparative Example 2: Based on Example 1, the ratio of undecomposed corn stalks to decomposed corn stalks was adjusted to 55 parts of undecomposed corn stalks and 45 parts of decomposed corn stalks; the rest was the same as Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 3: Based on Example 1, citric acid pretreatment, lignin peroxidase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase are not introduced in the preparation process of decomposed corn stalks; the rest is the same as Example 1, except for the following steps: (1) the corn stalks are cut into 2 cm segments, crushed, and sieved using a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm × 4 mm, and the unsieved portion is used as the undecomposed corn stalks; (2) Preparation of decomposed corn stalks: S2-1: wood vinegar with a pH of 5.6 and a composite enzyme are added to the undecomposed corn stalks; the corn stalk raw material, wood vinegar, and composite enzyme are added to the undecomposed corn stalks; The mass ratio is 10:2:0.2, and the complex enzyme is composed of laccase and lignin peroxidase in a mass ratio of 1.2:0.8; at 50°C, set the rotation speed to 200rpm, stir and activate for 10 hours to obtain a fermentation raw material; S2-3: spread the fermentation raw material, add water, and the amount of water added is 1 times the amount of the fermentation raw material; add fermentation liquid, and the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 5wt% of the fermentation raw material; compost and ferment at 55°C for 10 days, constantly turning during the process, to obtain a decomposed material; sieve it with a sieve with an aperture of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks.

[0042] Comparative Example 4: Based on Example 2, the binder was replaced with polyvinyl alcohol and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:3; the rest was the same as Example 2.

[0043] Testing experiment: The seedling raising matrix trays prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested for anti-destructive strength using a universal testing machine; and 130 g of sprouted grains were sown in biomass seedling raising matrix boxes with corresponding specifications of 580 mm × 280 mm × 30 mm for cultivation. Samples were collected on the 20th day, and the cultivation capacity was evaluated by the fresh weight of the aboveground part; the obtained data are shown in the following table:

[0044] Conclusion: From the data in the above table, it can be seen that: This application has prepared an integrated biomass seedling raising matrix box with good mechanical properties and seedling raising performance by limiting the process of specific decomposing corn stalks and optimizing the ratio of undecomposed and decomposed corn stalks. Among them, the comparison of the data of Example 2 and Example 1 shows that the mechanical strength and seedling raising performance of the biomass seedling raising matrix box can be further enhanced by adjusting the binder. The data of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 show the importance of the fiber length of undecomposed corn stalks, the ratio of undecomposed corn stalks to decomposed corn stalks, and the decomposition process of decomposed corn stalks. The data of Comparative Example 4 shows that the introduction of a specific modified polyvinyl alcohol composite can effectively improve the rice seedling raising performance and mechanical strength of the seedling raising matrix tray.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: (1) cutting corn stalks into segments and crushing them, and sieving them through a sieve with a pore size of 4 mm×4 mm, and the unscreened portion is referred to as undecomposed corn stalks; (2) fermenting the undecomposed corn stalks to obtain decomposed corn stalks; Step 2: (1) fully stir the undecomposed corn stalks and decomposed corn stalks to obtain a mixture; add nutrient fertilizer and mix evenly, add dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 5-6, and obtain a matrix raw material; (2) add a binder to dissolve in water, add other additives and mix evenly to obtain an additive; Step 3: fully mix the matrix raw materials and additives, and press them into shape to obtain a seedling raising matrix tray; Step 4: Put a plastic film on the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray to obtain a biomass seedling raising matrix box.

2. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material of the seedling raising matrix tray The composition comprises the following ingredients: by weight, 40-48 parts of undecomposed corn stalks, 52-60 parts of decomposed corn stalks, 4-12 parts of nutrient fertilizers, 0.2-2 parts of adhesives, and 0.01-1 parts of other added ingredients; The other added ingredients include one or more of trace elements and fungicides; the raw materials of the adhesive include one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and flour; the nutrient fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium sulfate, the nitrogen fertilizers include one or two of ammonium sulfate and urea, and the phosphorus fertilizers include one or more of superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.

3. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic film is connected to the bottom of the seedling raising matrix tray with a width of 2 to 4 cm.

4. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the decomposed corn stalks is as follows: S2-1: adding undecomposed corn stalks to a 1-1.5 wt% citric acid solution, setting the liquid-to-solid ratio to 10-12:1, pretreating at room temperature for 2-3 hours, sterilizing, separating, and drying to obtain a stalk raw material; S2-2: Add wood vinegar with a pH of 5.5±0.2 and complex enzyme to the straw raw material, set the rotation speed to 100~200rpm at 45~50℃, stir and activate for 8~10 hours to obtain a fermentation raw material; S2-3: Spread the fermentation raw materials flat, add water, and add fermentation liquid; compost and ferment at 50-60°C for 7-10 days, turning the compost constantly during the process to obtain decomposed material; sieve it using a sieve with a pore size of 8mm×8mm, dry it after sieving, and obtain decomposed corn stalks.

5. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of preparing the fermentation raw material, the mass ratio of the straw raw material, the wood vinegar, and the complex enzyme is 10-12:2:0.2; the complex enzyme includes laccase, lignin peroxidase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.7:0.2:0.1; During the preparation of the matured material, the amount of water added is 1 to 1.2 times the amount of the fermentation raw material; the amount of fermentation liquid added accounts for 4 to 5wt% of the fermentation raw material; the fermentation liquid includes a thermoviolet Streptomyces liquid, a gametoderma liquid, a thermophilic siderophore liquid, a Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, a Bacillus subtilis liquid, and a Corynebacterium glutamicum liquid in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:1.5:1:0.

5.

6. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameters of the compression molding are: temperature of 100-120° C., pressure of 12-15 MPa, and time of 100-110 s.

7. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 2, characterized in that: The binder comprises a polyvinyl alcohol compound and modified flour in a mass ratio of 5:

3.

8. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation process of the polyvinyl alcohol complex comprises the following steps: adding montmorillonite to water and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonication to obtain a 0.01-0.02 g / mL dispersion; adding 0.05-1 mol / L protocatechuic acid and stirring for 1-2 hours; adding ammonium molybdate and continuing stirring for 2-3 hours; adding catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol, heating to 80-85° C. and stirring for 1-2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol complex; The raw materials of the polyvinyl alcohol composite include the following substances: by weight, 1-1.2 parts of montmorillonite, 0.2-0.3 parts of protocatechuic acid, 0.04-0.06 parts of ammonium molybdate, and 4-5 parts of catechol-based polyvinyl alcohol.

9. The method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation process of the modified flour comprises the following steps: mixing succinic anhydride and diethylenetriamine at a molar ratio of 0.6-0.8:1, stirring at 50-55°C for 1-2 hours, heating to 100-120°C and stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain a branched product; adding the branched product to water and stirring evenly to obtain a 5-8wt% mixed solution; adjusting the pH to 5.2±0.3; adding aldehyde-modified flour, stirring at 60-65°C for 10-20 minutes, centrifuging and drying to obtain the modified flour; Among them, the mass ratio of aldehyde-modified flour to branched product is 1:0.4~0.

5. 10 . The biomass seedling raising matrix box prepared according to the method for preparing a biomass seedling raising matrix box according to any one of claims 1 to 9 .

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