Method for facility cultivation of morchella esculenta by using waste nutrient soil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a method for facility cultivation of morchella esculenta by using waste nutrient soil. Aiming at the problem of recycling of waste nutrient soil generated by large-scale planting of economic crops such as strawberries, according to the fact that the waste nutrient soil is still rich in nutrient elements required by growth of morchella esculenta, wood vinegar is introduced to stimulate residual nutrients of the nutrient soil, and by combining the soil growth characteristics of the morchella esculenta, the soil quality of the morchella esculenta is improved. The method for facility cultivation of morchella esculenta by using agricultural waste nutrient soil as a cultivation raw material is established, and circular planting of large-scale agriculture is realized. The method is an innovation key point, facility cultivation matching improvement is carried out on the basis of edible mushroom cultivation production technology such as stock culture, cultivated species culture, sowing and fruiting management in the prior art, morchella products with excellent cultivation characters are successfully obtained, and the yield exceeds that of conventional cultivation. The method has good innovativeness and practicability, and a new method is provided for artificial cultivation of morchella esculenta.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating morels in a facility by utilizing waste nutrient soil. Background Art

[0002] Morels, commonly known as sheep mushrooms and sheep tripe, belong to the Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, Peziales, Morchaceae, and Morchella. Because its cap surface is uneven, showing many irregular shapes such as depressions and wrinkles, it is very similar to a sheep's tripe, so it is called a morel. At present, there are more than 20 species of morels discovered in my country, all of which are mainly wild. Among them, the most common ones are ladder-ridged morels, pointed-top morels, thick-stalked morels, and black-veined morels. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen, a famous Chinese medical scientist, included morels in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", calling it "sweet, cold, non-toxic, beneficial to the stomach and intestines, and phlegm-resolving and qi-regulating", and it is one of the very precious and rare edible fungi. According to statistics from the China Edible Fungi Association, compared with 2021, my country's morel production in 2022 increased by 172.04%, nearly 250,000 tons.

[0003] Greenhouse cultivation and intercropping are currently more common cultivation modes. Greenhouse cultivation methods include steel frame greenhouses, simple flat greenhouses, small arch greenhouses, etc. Since these production modes are obviously seasonal and require a large amount of land, they have obvious limitations. my country's edible fungus production model is constantly being optimized, and the most prominent manifestation is the continuous innovation of cultivation modes. New cultivation facilities such as multifunctional constant temperature production mushroom houses, high-standard year-round production greenhouses, new shade sheds, container-type year-round production mushroom houses, and production modes such as three-dimensional, year-round, and mushroom-vegetable rotation have gradually been promoted and applied, and the efficiency level of facility production has been further improved. In line with the development requirements of the industry, it is an inevitable trend to carry out facility-based year-round cultivation of morels. Ran Yonghong et al. (2023) reported that the use of Irish greenhouse indoor layered morels has been successful, with 3 sowings and 6 harvests per year, and a yield of 2.5kg / m 2 The water content of the cultivation substrate used was 25%, but the composition was unknown. Liu Yuepeng et al. (2023) also reported the technology of using the cultivation substrate to cultivate Morchella in a three-dimensional manner throughout the year, but did not disclose the specific ingredients of the cultivation, only the source and physical and chemical properties such as organic matter. These technologies all use the mushroom bed method for production.

[0004] According to literature research and the inventor's visits and surveys of actual production in various places, at present, most of the Morchella in my country are planted in the ground, and have high requirements for the soil. For example, the soil is best neutral or slightly alkaline, with good air permeability and water retention, and drainage ditches are opened around to prevent water accumulation in rainy and snowy weather. The plots used for Morchella cultivation should be plowed and cleaned in advance. Before use, certain pre-treatments must be carried out, including applying 1.5 to 2 tons of humus fertilizer or organic fertilizer per mu, 15 days before sowing, 50 to 75 kilograms of lime per mu for disinfection, 5 to 7 days before sowing, spraying the plots with 1:2000 pyrethroids to prevent underground pests from harming, and 3 to 5 days before sowing, arranging the plots into beds with a bed width of 1 to 1.2 meters and a furrow width of 0.3 to 0.4 meters for easy drainage and walking.

[0005] Although the artificial cultivation technology of morels is relatively mature, there are still many problems, such as continuous cropping obstacles, occupation of land resources, and difficulty in year-round production. Continuous cropping of morels will cause changes in the structure of microbial communities, leading to the massive occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil will lead to the inability to meet the nutritional needs of morels, ultimately affecting the yield or even causing a complete failure. Crop rotation with other crops is the most commonly used solution. However, this method will lead to the interruption of morel production and affect the implementation of production. It has been reported that the use of substrates for morel cultivation, such as raw soil + shiitake mushroom bran (ratio 3:1) for the experimental group to cultivate morels, has the highest mushroom density and the highest yield of 2,500 kg / hm. 2 . In addition, it has been reported that the cultivation matrix of morels can be made of the following raw material components: 15-20 parts of semi-carbonized biomass, 20-25 parts of sawdust, 40-45 parts of humus, and 5-8 parts of rice straw; the semi-carbonized biomass is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-35% of distiller's grains, 5-10% of corn cobs, 55-65% of phosphogypsum and 2%-3% of adhesive. The patent "Cultivation matrix, cultivation matrix treatment method and soilless cultivation method of morels" (patent number CN202011163094) uses edible fungus residues, cow dung and sheep dung to prepare a cultivation matrix for soilless cultivation of morels, and then uses conventional methods for cultivation to obtain a certain yield of 0.67-0.85 kg / m 2 It can be seen that Morchella can be cultivated without soil, but most of them are still in experimental research, and there are not many real applications. At present, there are more innovative experiments on the fungus matrix, and less research on the fruiting matrix. The research on the fruiting matrix is ​​still mainly based on the research and promotion of soil-containing matrix.

[0006] Soilless cultivation is increasingly used in modern agriculture, such as nutrient soil, and crops grown include strawberries. According to statistics, the strawberry planting area in my country reached 147,500 hm2 in 2022. 2(2.2118 million mu), a year-on-year increase of 7%, and strawberry production is close to 4 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 8.6%. The annual strawberry production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River accounts for about 36% of the country, and Jiangsu Province is the second largest strawberry producing province after Shandong. Many areas use light substrates such as nutrient soil for facility cultivation of strawberries. The nutrient soil formula for greenhouse strawberry seedlings is characterized by that its raw materials include by weight: 35-45 parts of leaf mold, 17-23 parts of vermiculite powder, 23-30 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of humic acid, 5-7 parts of mixed fertilizer, and 1-3 parts of mycorrhizal agent. The scale of using nutrient soil to cultivate strawberries in facilities is increasing day by day. A large amount of discarded nutrient soil is generated after the end of production every year. Due to limited reuse channels, these discarded nutrient soils put a certain amount of pressure on the environment. How to recycle these discarded nutrient soils is a new challenge facing facility agriculture.

[0007] Aiming at the problem of recycling of abandoned nutrient soil, the inventor has confirmed through a series of experiments and production applications that the nutrient soil of economic crops such as strawberries planted on a large scale contains certain nutrients after the planting and production is completed. These nutrients are very suitable for the growth of morels. After checking, there is no report on the cultivation of morels with abandoned nutrient soil. The present invention provides a method for cultivating morels using abandoned nutrient soil such as strawberries, melons, cucumbers, etc., and provides a corresponding supporting cultivation production process. According to the fertility of the abandoned nutrient soil, wood vinegar is introduced to stimulate the remaining nutrients in the nutrient soil. This method uses agricultural waste nutrient soil as a cultivation raw material, combined with the growth characteristics of morels native to the soil, to achieve large-scale agricultural circular planting. With this innovative key point, the present invention combines the supporting improvements of existing technologies such as original seed cultivation, cultivated seed cultivation, sowing and mushroom management and other edible fungus cultivation production process technologies, and successfully obtains morel products with excellent cultivation traits, and the output exceeds the output of conventional cultivation. The present invention has good innovation and practicality, and meets the requirements of national invention patents. The present invention has the following advantages: A substrate suitable for factory-scale cultivation of morels. The substrate is derived from discarded nutrient soil, does not require additional soil, has high organic matter content, good water retention and air permeability, is widely sourced, is low in price, and is easy to handle.

[0008] The pretreatment of abandoned nutrient soil is simple, and it is adjusted with wood vinegar, which not only improves the physical and chemical properties of the abandoned nutrient soil and stimulates the remaining nutrients, but also can inhibit impurities.

[0009] With supporting cultivation technology and process: using this substrate, in the morel cultivation management stage, a technology combining non-woven fabric covering and ultrasonic space atomization is adopted, which is more convenient for humidity control, effectively inhibits the production of aerial hyphae, can achieve the production of no aerial hyphae, and reduce nutrient loss.

[0010] Through the disinfected or sterilized substrate, insect pests and diseases are greatly reduced compared with traditional cultivation, which promotes the nutrient transfer of the nutrient package and does not occupy soil and land resources.

[0011] The substrate and supporting cultivation technology have obvious advantages: mushroom induction is simple, the signal is obvious, and it avoids missing the best time for mushroom induction or even no mushrooms growing.

[0012] Overall effect: Standardized management of mushroom production has greatly increased and stable yields compared to traditional cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0013] The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating morels in a facility manner by utilizing abandoned nutrient soil.

[0014] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions and steps: 1. Culture of bacteria at all levels: The test tube bacteria are cultured in PDA medium at 18 ~ 20℃ in the dark for 7 to 10 days. The test tube bacteria that cover the slant are inoculated into the original culture medium.

[0015] The original culture medium formula can be selected from the following three types, but is not limited to these three formulas: ① Miscellaneous wood chips 65%, wheat 20%, humus 13%, quicklime 1%, gypsum 1%; ② Miscellaneous wood chips 40%, wheat 50%, bran 17%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, calcium carbonate 1%; ③3% miscellaneous wood chips, 95% wheat, 1% gypsum, and 1% calcium carbonate.

[0016] The original culture medium with test tube bacteria is placed at a culture temperature of 15-18°C, cultured in the dark, and the relative humidity of the air is controlled below 70%. It will be full of bacteria bags in about 20 days and can be used to inoculate the cultivation culture medium.

[0017] The culture medium formula can be selected from the following three types, but is not limited to these three types: ① 45% sawdust, 40% wheat, 12% humus, 1% quicklime, 1% gypsum, and 1% phosphate fertilizer; ② Corn cobs 37%, sawdust 30%, wheat 30%, quicklime 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%; ③ Cottonseed hulls 30%, sawdust 40%, wheat 15%, humus 12%, quicklime 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%.

[0018] The culture medium inoculated with the original seed is cultured at 15-18°C, protected from light, and the air humidity is controlled below 70%. It will be full of fungus bags in about 20 days and can be used for sowing.

[0019] 2. Treatment of waste nutrient soil: First, remove plant residues such as roots, leaves, and impurities such as plastic bags. Add 1% to 3% bleaching powder and 1% to 2% lime by turning the pile, and cover with film for 24 hours to achieve the effect of preliminary disinfection; then add 0.1% to 0.4% wood vinegar and stir evenly to make the moisture content of the waste nutrient soil reach 50% to 60%. Cover the bottom of a 34cm*46cm*12cm plastic tray with permeable material, and put the pre-treated waste nutrient soil in, with a thickness of about 8cm to 12cm. The volume of waste nutrient soil in each basket shall not exceed 12 liters, and the corresponding weight shall not exceed 7.5 kilograms.

[0020] To improve the quality of the waste nutrient soil as the cultivation medium, sterilization can be carried out: sterilization and removal of insects and bacteria through high temperature sterilization, or normal pressure steam sterilization, the temperature inside the medium reaches 100℃ and maintains for 2 hours. After the medium cools to room temperature, it can be sown.

[0021] 3. Sowing and cultivating bacteria: Place the treated nutrient soil on the shelf and prepare for sowing. Use the furrow sowing method, open three furrows in the tray with a depth of 5 cm, break the cultivated seeds into small pieces for sowing, and then cover the surface of the material. Use a seed rate of 0.3kg / m 2 . After sowing, water should be sprinkled in time until the surface of the material is moist, and then cover it with non-woven fabric. Cultivate at a temperature of 10-16℃ in the dark. On the second day, the fungus germinates and has fine velvety hyphae. After 7-10 days, fungus frost is produced and nutrient bags are placed.

[0022] 4. Preparation and placement of nutrition bags Nutrition bag formulas, but not limited to these 3 formulas: ① Corn cob 30%, wheat 50%, fermented mushroom residue 10%, bran 7%, soybean meal 2%, lime 1%; ② Corn cobs 30%, wheat 60%, cottonseed hulls 9%, lime 1%; ③30% wood chips, 20% corn cobs, 40% wheat, 8% bran, 1% superphosphate, and 1% lime.

[0023] You can choose any one of the above formulas and make it 10-14 days after sowing. You should choose high-quality and clean formula raw materials. You can also add an appropriate amount of wood vinegar (0.1%-0.5%) to the raw materials. Soak the wheat for 16-24 hours, dilute the microbial nutrient solution with clean water, pour it into the material and stir evenly to keep the water content of the material at 55-60%. Put the material in a 14cm×28cm angled bag, tie the mouth, put it in a sterilizer and sterilize it at normal pressure, keep it above 100℃ for 12-16 hours, and use it after sterilization and cooling. Place it on the surface of the cultivation medium by punching or notching it, and put one nutrient bag on a tray. For details, see Figure 1 .

[0024] 5. Facility production management: ① Management of fungus cultivation: Place the nutrient bag on the cultivation substrate and cultivate it at room temperature of 12-16℃ until the nutrient bag is full of mycelium. When the bag is full, spray water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is soaked and there are fine water droplets on the surface of the material. When the small water droplets completely disappear, add water for the next time.

[0025] ② Germination management: Repeat the operation of cultivating bacteria and replenishing water, and the fungus frost will slowly disappear. When most of the fungus frost disappears, the bud-inducing operation is carried out.

[0026] Bud-inducing method: Water the cultivation medium with clean water or a solution containing 0.1% to 0.3% wood vinegar until water comes out from the bottom of the tray.

[0027] Bud initiation temperature: room temperature 10-14℃; time 70 days after sowing.

[0028] 48 hours after bud induction, the mycelium will be knotted and a small amount of primordium will be produced. Provide supplementary light with an intensity of 700-800 lux.

[0029] ③Mushroom production management: The indoor temperature is controlled at 8-16℃. The humidity is controlled by ultrasonic space atomization technology.

[0030] 3 to 5 days after bud induction, a large number of primordia are produced and small buds are formed. At this time, the tray is covered with plastic film on all sides to form a small environment, reduce air flow disturbance and retain moisture.

[0031] 7-10 days after germination, the buds enter the needle tip stage ( Figure 2 ); 16 days later, it differentiated into young mushrooms.

[0032] 20 days after budding, when the mushrooms grow to 5cm, remove the microenvironment and increase ventilation. If the mushrooms are dry, humidify them appropriately.

[0033] 22 days after bud induction, the light intensity is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the ambient humidity is controlled at 80%-90%.

[0034] 28 days after budding, the mushroom cap turns black, indicating physiological maturity, and the fruiting bodies can be picked ( Figure 3 ).

[0035] 6. Yield and benefit analysis: 34 finished mushrooms can be harvested from one tray ( Figure 4 ), weight without roots: 554.39 g ( Figure 5 ), converted to 3.47kg / m 2 , which is much higher than the existing morel cultivation mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The placement of Morchella frost and nutrient packs using waste nutrient soil as the substrate Figure 2 The needle-shaped mushroom buds of Morchella edulis cultivated with waste nutrient soil as substrate Figure 3 Fruiting bodies of Morchella edulis cultivated with waste nutrient soil as substrate Figure 4 Finished product of Morchella fruiting body after harvest Figure 5 The yield of Morchella cultivated with abandoned nutrient soil as substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] 1. Culture of strains at all levels: Test tube strains are cultured in PDA medium, cultured in the dark at 25°C for 7 days, and the test tube strains that cover the slope are inoculated in the original seed culture medium. The original seed culture medium formula: 65% sawdust, 20% wheat, 13% humus, 1% quicklime, and 1% gypsum. The original seed culture medium with test tube strains is placed at a culture temperature of 18°C, cultured in the dark, and the air humidity is controlled below 70%. After about 20 days of culture, it can be used to inoculate the cultivation medium. The cultivation medium formula: 45% sawdust, 40% wheat, 12% humus, 1% quicklime, 1% gypsum, and 1% phosphate fertilizer. The cultivation medium with the original strain is cultured at 15°C, away from light, and the air humidity is controlled below 70%. It can be covered with bacteria bags in about 20 days and can be used for sowing.

[0040] 2. Treatment of waste nutrient soil: First remove plant residues such as roots, leaves, and impurities such as plastic bags, and add 1% bleaching powder and 1% lime to mix by turning the pile, cover with film and fumigate for 24 hours to achieve the effect of preliminary disinfection; then adjust the humidity of the waste nutrient soil to 50% with 0.1% wood vinegar. Put the treated waste nutrient soil into a 34cm*46cm*12cm plastic tray, and lay a permeable material on the bottom of the tray with a thickness of 10cm. The volume of each basket substrate is 10 L, and the corresponding weight is about 5 kg. After sterilization, randomly select 4 single baskets, weigh them, measure the moisture, and deduct the moisture to get an average dry weight of 3.0 kg / basket.

[0041] 3. Sowing and cultivating bacteria: Use furrow sowing, open three furrows in the tray with a depth of 5cm, break the cultivated seeds into small pieces for sowing, and then cover the surface of the material. The seed rate is 0.3kg / m 2 .

[0042] After sowing, the tray is covered with non-woven fabric. On the second day, the fungus germinates and produces fine velvety hyphae. After 7 days, fungus frost is produced. The culture temperature is 10℃. On the 15th day, the fungus frost covers the surface of the material and the nutrient packs are placed.

[0043] 4. Preparation and placement of nutrition bags The formula of the nutrient bag is as follows: 30% corn cob, 50% wheat, 10% fermented fungus residue, 7% bran, 2% soybean meal, and 1% lime. Soak the wheat for 24 hours, dilute the microbial nutrient solution with clean water, pour it into the material and stir evenly, so that the moisture content of the mixed material is maintained at 55%, put the material into a 14cm×28cm angled bag, tie the mouth, put it into the sterilizer and sterilize it at normal pressure, keep it above 100℃ for 12 hours, and use it after sterilization and cooling. Place it on the surface of the cultivation medium in a cut-out manner, with one nutrient bag on each tray.

[0044] 5. Facility production management: ① Management of fungus cultivation: Place the nutrient bag on the cultivation substrate and cultivate it at room temperature of 12℃ until the nutrient bag is full of mycelium. When the bag is full, spray water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is soaked and there are fine water droplets on the surface of the material. When the small water droplets completely disappear, add water for the next time.

[0045] ② Germination management: Repeat the operation of cultivating bacteria and replenishing water, and the bacterial frost will slowly disappear. When most of the bacterial frost disappears, the germination operation is carried out.

[0046] Germination method: Water the cultivation medium with clean water until water comes out from the bottom of the tray.

[0047] Germination temperature: room temperature 10℃; time 70 days from sowing.

[0048] 48 hours after germination, the hyphae were tangled and a small amount of primordium was produced. Supplementary lighting was applied with an intensity of 700 lux.

[0049] ③Mushroom production management: The indoor temperature is controlled at 8℃. Ultrasonic space atomization technology is used throughout the process to control the relative humidity of the air, which is adjusted according to the requirements of each stage.

[0050] 3-5 days after germination, a large number of primordia are produced and small buds are formed. At this time, the tray is covered with plastic film on all sides to form a small environment, reduce air flow disturbance and retain moisture.

[0051] 7-10 days after germination, the buds enter the needle tip stage; 16 days later, they differentiate into young mushrooms.

[0052] 20 days after germination, when the mushrooms grow to 5cm, remove the microenvironment and increase ventilation. If the mushrooms are dry, humidify them appropriately.

[0053] 22 days after germination, the light intensity is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the ambient humidity is controlled at 80%-90%.

[0054] 28 days after germination, the mushroom cap turns black, physiologically mature, and can be picked.

[0055] 7-10 days after germination, the small buds enter the needle tip stage; 10-16 days later, they differentiate into young mushrooms.

[0056] 20 days after germination, when the mushrooms grow to 5cm, remove the microenvironment and increase ventilation. If the mushrooms are dry, humidify them appropriately.

[0057] 22 days after germination, the light intensity is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the ambient humidity is controlled at 80%-90%.

[0058] 28 days after germination, the mushroom cap turns black, physiologically mature, and can be picked.

[0059] 6. Harvesting: When the mushroom cap turns black and the mushroom is physiologically mature, it can be harvested.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] 1. Culture of strains at all levels: Test tube strains are cultured in PDA medium, cultured in the dark at 20°C for 7 days, and the test tube strains that cover the slope are inoculated in the original seed culture medium. The original seed culture medium formula: 230% sawdust, 65% wheat, 10% humus, 1% quicklime, and 1% gypsum. The original seed culture medium with test tube strains is placed at a culture temperature of 18°C, cultured in the dark, and the air humidity is controlled below 70%. After about 20 days of culture, it can be used to inoculate the cultivation medium. The cultivation medium formula: 40% sawdust, 45% wheat, 12% humus, 1% quicklime, 1% gypsum, and 1% phosphate fertilizer. The cultivation medium with the original strain is cultured at 15°C, away from light, and the air humidity is controlled below 70%. It can be covered with bacteria bags in about 18 days and can be used for sowing.

[0062] 2. Treatment of waste nutrient soil: First remove plant residues such as roots, leaves, and impurities such as plastic bags, add 1% bleaching powder and 1% lime to mix by turning the pile, cover with film and fumigate for 24 hours to achieve the effect of preliminary disinfection; then adjust the humidity of the waste nutrient soil to 55% with 0.4% wood vinegar. Put the treated waste nutrient soil into a 34cm*46cm*12cm plastic tray, and lay a permeable material on the bottom of the tray with a thickness of 12cm. The volume of each basket substrate is 12 L, and the corresponding weight is about 7 kg. Use normal pressure steam sterilization, and the temperature in the substrate reaches 100℃ and maintains for 2 hours. After the substrate cools to room temperature, it can be sown.

[0063] 3. Sowing and cultivating bacteria: Use furrow sowing, open three furrows in the tray with a depth of 5cm, break the cultivated seeds into small pieces for sowing, and then cover the surface of the material. The seed rate is 0.3kg / m 2 .

[0064] After sowing, the tray is covered with non-woven fabric. On the second day, the fungus germinates and produces fine velvety hyphae. After 7 days, fungus frost is produced. The culture temperature is 10℃. On the 15th day, the fungus frost covers the surface of the material and the nutrient packs are placed.

[0065] 4. Preparation and placement of nutrition bags The formula of the nutrient bag is as follows: 30% corn cob, 50% wheat, 10% fermented fungus residue, 7% bran, 2% soybean meal, and 1% lime. Soak the wheat for 24 hours, dilute the microbial nutrient solution with clean water, pour it into the material and stir evenly, so that the moisture content of the mixed material is kept at 55%, put the material into a 14cm×28cm angled bag, tie the mouth, put it into the sterilizer and sterilize it at normal pressure, keep it above 121℃ for 2 hours, and use it after sterilization and cooling. Place it on the surface of the cultivation medium in a cut-out manner, with one nutrient bag on each tray.

[0066] 5. Facility production management: ① Management of fungus cultivation: Place the nutrient bag on the cultivation substrate and cultivate it at room temperature of 12℃ until the nutrient bag is full of mycelium. When the bag is full, spray water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is soaked and there are fine water droplets on the surface of the material. When the small water droplets completely disappear, add water for the next time.

[0067] ② Germination management: Repeat the operation of cultivating bacteria and replenishing water, and the bacterial frost will slowly disappear. When most of the bacterial frost disappears, the germination operation is carried out.

[0068] Germination method: Water the cultivation medium with 0.2% wood vinegar until water comes out from the bottom of the tray.

[0069] Germination temperature: room temperature 10℃; time 75 days from sowing.

[0070] 48 hours after germination, the hyphae were tangled and a small amount of primordium was produced. Supplementary lighting was applied with an intensity of 800 lux.

[0071] ③Mushroom management: The indoor temperature is controlled at 8℃.

[0072] 3-5 days after germination, a large number of primordia are produced and small buds are formed. At this time, the tray is covered with plastic film on all sides to form a small environment, reduce air flow disturbance and retain moisture.

[0073] 7-10 days after germination, the buds enter the needle tip stage; 16 days later, they differentiate into young mushrooms.

[0074] 20 days after germination, when the mushrooms grow to 5cm, remove the microenvironment and increase ventilation. If the mushrooms are dry, humidify them appropriately.

[0075] 22 days after germination, the light intensity is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the ambient humidity is controlled at 80%-90%.

[0076] 28 days after germination, the mushroom cap turns black, physiologically mature, and can be picked.

[0077] 7-10 days after germination, the small buds enter the needle tip stage; 10-16 days later, they differentiate into young mushrooms.

[0078] 20 days after germination, when the mushrooms grow to 5cm, remove the microenvironment and increase ventilation. If the mushrooms are dry, humidify them appropriately.

[0079] 22 days after germination, the light intensity is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the ambient humidity is controlled at 80%-90%.

[0080] 28 days after germination, the mushroom cap turns black, physiologically mature, and can be picked.

[0081] 6. Harvesting: When the mushroom cap turns black and the mushroom is physiologically mature, it can be harvested.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating facility-grown Morchella using abandoned nutrient soil, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of strains of various levels: First, prepare test tube strains, culture them in PDA medium, and culture them in the dark at 18-20°C for 7-10 days; then prepare stock strains, inoculate the test tube strains that cover the slant surface into the stock strain medium, and culture them in the dark at 15-18°C for 15-20 days; then prepare cultivated strains, inoculate the stock strains into the cultivated strain medium, and culture them in the dark at 15-18°C for 15-20 days; (2) Treatment of waste nutrient soil: The following methods are used to treat waste nutrient soil: remove plant residues such as roots, leaves, and impurities such as plastic bags, add 1% to 3% bleaching powder and 1% to 2% lime by turning the pile, cover with a film and keep it for 24 hours to achieve a preliminary disinfection effect; then add 0.1% to 0.4% wood vinegar and stir evenly to make the moisture content of the waste nutrient soil reach 50% to 60%. Cover the bottom of a 34cm*46cm*12cm plastic tray with permeable material and put the pre-treated waste nutrient soil in with a thickness of about 8cm to 12cm. The volume of waste nutrient soil in each basket shall not exceed 12 liters, and the corresponding weight shall not exceed 7.5 kg. (3) Sowing and cultivating bacteria: Place the treated waste nutrient soil on the shelf and use the furrow sowing method. Open three furrows in the tray with a depth of 4 to 5 cm. Break the cultivated seeds into small pieces for sowing, and then cover the surface of the material. The inoculation amount is 0.25 to 0.4 kg / m 2 After sowing, cover the tray with non-woven fabric, culture at 10-16℃, avoid light, germinate on the second day, fine velvety hyphae, fungus frost is produced after 7-10 days, and fungus frost covers the surface of the material on the 15th day, and nutrient bags are placed; (4) Preparation and placement of nutrient bags: The nutrient bags are prepared and sterilized according to the formula: 10% to 30% corn cobs or sawdust, 40% to 60% wheat, 10% fermented mushroom residue, 7% bran, 2% soybean meal, and 1% lime. Sterilize at 121°C for 2 hours, cool to below 20°C, cut one side of the nutrient bag, and then place it flat on the material surface with the cut side facing down, with one nutrient bag on each tray; (5) Facility production management: ① Fungus cultivation management: After placing the nutrient bag on the surface of the material, control the temperature of the culture room at 12-16°C to culture the mycelium until the nutrient bag is full of mycelium; after the bag is full, spray water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is soaked and there are fine water droplets on the surface of the material; ② Germination management: When most of the fungus frost disappears, perform bud induction operation, use water or a solution containing 0.1%-0.3% wood vinegar to irrigate the cultivation material until water comes out from the bottom of the tray, and at the same time, lower the temperature by 2°C, that is, 10-14°C, and maintain it for 48 hours to complete the bud induction stage; (6) Management of mushroom production: The indoor temperature is controlled at 8-16℃. 3-5 days after bud induction, a large number of primordia are produced and small buds are formed. At this time, the trays are covered with plastic film to form a small environment to reduce air flow disturbance and moisturize. 20 days after bud induction, the small mushrooms grow to 5 cm, and the small environment is removed to increase ventilation. If the mushroom body is dry, it can be humidified appropriately. 22 days after bud induction, the light is 12h / d, the carbon dioxide concentration is below 1000ppm, and the environmental humidity is controlled at 80%-90%; 28 days after bud induction, the color of the mushroom cap turns black, and the fruiting body is physiologically mature, and the fruiting body can be picked. (7) Yield and benefit analysis: One tray can harvest no less than 30 finished mushrooms, the weight without roots is no less than 550 grams, and the yield can reach 3.47kg / m 2 The above is far higher than the existing morel cultivation model.

2. The method for cultivating facility-grown morels using abandoned nutrient soil according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the wood vinegar is not less than 15%, wherein the relative contents of acids and phenols are not less than 20%, and the biological activity of the wood vinegar after dilution is optimal; The following processing parameters and steps are the most preferred for the treatment of waste nutrient soil: remove impurities, add 1% bleaching powder and 2% lime to mix by turning the pile, cover with a film for 24 hours, then add 0.3% wood vinegar, stir evenly, so that the moisture content of the waste nutrient soil reaches 55%, and the bottom of a 34cm*46cm*12cm plastic tray is paved with permeable material, and the pre-treated waste nutrient soil is loaded, with a paving thickness of about 10cm. The volume of waste nutrient soil loaded in each basket is 10 liters, and the corresponding weight does not exceed 6.5kg; The most preferred parameters and steps for facility production management include: ① Fungus cultivation management: After placing the nutrient bag on the surface of the material, control the temperature of the culture room at 15℃ and carry out mycelium cultivation until the nutrient bag is full of mycelium; after the bag is full, spray water on the non-woven fabric until the non-woven fabric is soaked and there are fine water droplets on the surface of the material; ② Germination management: When most of the fungus frost disappears, carry out bud induction operation, use water containing 0.2% wood vinegar to irrigate the cultivation material until water comes out from the bottom of the tray, and at the same time, lower the temperature by 2℃, that is, 13℃, and maintain it for 48h to complete the bud induction stage.

3. The method for cultivating facility-based morels using abandoned nutrient soil according to claim 2, wherein the abandoned nutrient soil used does not need to add any soil, and the facility-based production management must adopt non-woven fabrics and spraying methods to simultaneously keep the moisture.

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